S$Bab!
:"
2 7 24
"10:30$11:30"(3
L13
)
↓ :!extra!modest!(humble)!expression!of!
!(X>!L20)!
!Used!to!present!your!own(or!!inXgroup’s)!name!(to!be!polite!to!the! !addressee)!
!
!
Lesson"13$1"Lecture"
!
1. L13!VP:!
2. G1:!Poten/al!Verbs
3. G2:!
!
!
:!!
"1
↑ :!honorific!expression!of!
(
(X>L21)!
Used!to!show!respect!to!outXgroup!/!social!superior!(Ex.!boss,!teachers,!customer…)!
(to!talk!about!the!presence!of!the!superior)!
!
X[Person] !Y[Thing]!
(
!
!
!
!
"
X
)
“lend/rent!Y!to!X”! Cf.!
“borrow”!
T!lent!Y!an!pencil”!
Y!borrowed!an!pencil!from!T”
metric!system)!!
!1
!
(km)!=!0.62!
!=!!1.6!
!(ml),!!1
!
!!!
(kg)!=2.2!
!=!0.453!
( Adj) “close!to!X”!!VS!X
!Cf.!X
(lb)!
(Noun)
!
(far!from!X)!
"
L13
I!made!it!for!you!!
−From!your!sweetheart
"2
L13
"3
X (
) X
(
!
!
!
L11"KQ"
(
!
!
!
!
)
(
!
!
)
(
(
“happy fortunate”!(for!fact/situa/on,!las/ng!happiness)!
!“glad;!happy;!joyful;!pleased”
(
)"""“promise;!appointment”!
!to!promise,
)
“to!protect”!
!to!keep!a!promise
temporal!emo/on)!
?) !
!
make!an!appointment!
!!to!obey!the!rules!
X
10/10
0/10
!
(
!
!
(
)
“X!/mes”!!!
)
”various”
!(adverb)!“variously in!many!ways”!
!
)
OR
!
“to!be!moved/touched!by!X”
“As!a!maier!of!fact… In!fact…;!To!tell!the!truth…;!Actually…”!
!
L13"G1:Poten@al"Verbs
“Mr.!Tanaka!can!speak!Italian.”!
–
–
L13"G1:"Poten@al"Verbs$"
1)" verb:"drop$ ,"add$
2)" verb:"drop"–u,"add"–e$ "
3)"Irr.$verb:"
(!..is!capable!of!speaking…)!
<XPoten@al"verb"
Poten@al"form""
! verb:"drop$ ,"add$
!!
!
! verb:"drop"–u,"add"–e$ "
! !
!Irr$verb:"
!
!Cf.!
(substandard)!
Verb"
!
!
"
!
!
!
…?
!
All"poten@al"verbs"are" verb!"""
"
"
,!
!
!
Par@cles: !!
!!
!
!
!!
!
!
sta/ve!verb/affec/ve!verb)!
!
!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
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(forma@on)
!!
"
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
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!!!
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(go!back)
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!
"NO"
form"“I!want!to!be!able!to!read”!
G1:"Poten@al"Verbs$"
Ex.!A:!
!!!!!!!B:
G1:"Poten@al"Verbs$"
2(based!on!IXB!on!p.37)
!“Can!you!swim!1km?”!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(Ask!about!the!ability!as!a!child)
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
6.
7.
(E$>J)
I!cannot!forget!my!exXGF.!
X>
or!
!
!
I!am!sorry!that!I!couldn’t!keep!a!promise.!
X>
!
I!think!Mr.!Lee!probably! as!not!able!to!memorize!vocabulary.!
X>
Long!/me!ago!I!was!able!to!surf,!but!now!I!have!become!incapable.!
X>!
!
!My!teeth!hurts,!so!I!cannot!eat,!drink!etc.!
X>
!
As!for!Russian!language,!I!am!neither!able!to!write!or!speak.!
!X>
!
The!only!dish!(cooking)!I!can!make!is!ramen!noodle.!
!X>
!
!
!
!
G2:"
G2:"
A:!
B:!(Fever)!
!!
C: fever cough)!
D:(!fever,!cough!&!more)!
!
!
!
!
!
X"[short]"
!
!
!!
!
!
(compare)"
"
!
!
(!2!reasons)!
•
!
(!implying!more!reasons)!
•
Y"[short]"
!
Situa@on/result “X,!and!(what’s!more)!Y,!so!…”!
!(lis/ng!characteris/cs/factors/reasons!that!lead!to!a!result/conclusion)!
!
!
!
•
!
•
!
!
!
(!natural!sequence)!
•
VS
VS
"
"
implying!more!than!one!factor/reason)!
/
/
!
!
!(three!or!more!examples!–!ok)!
!ouen!used!!for!
Last!example!
addi/onal!factor!
!+ /
/
!
[long"form]+ "is"possible"in"very"polite"speech"/in"minor"sentence" "
!!
/!
!
[
•
]
!
!!
!
!
!
!(two!ac/ons!done!in!chronological!order)!
!!
!
!
!
!(simply!listening!up!ac/ons!as!examples)!
!!
!
!
!
!(!all!the!examples!leads!to!one!conclusion!“it!was!fun!”)!
[
•
“what’s!more”
]
!
!
•
!
G2:"
G3:"
"
Ex.!!A:!
! Example!factors:!
!B:!
1.
2.
3.
!
[
]
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! !
!
… !
5.
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! !
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6.
… !!
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… !
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… !
4.
1.
3.
… !
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2.
… !
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"
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