VOCABULARY
9780 110 7619500 CALD 4 C M Y K
Simon Haines
Mark Nettle
with Martin Hewings
M Y K
On the CD-ROM:
• Two extra exercises for each unit
English
Vocabulary
in Use
in Use
ISBN 978 0521 71266 8
ISBN 978 0521 67746 2
C1–C2
CEFR level:
English Profile
www.englishprofile.org
Cambridge English exams:
English Vocabulary
in Use
Mac OSX 10.6, 10.7 or 10.8
C2
Proficiency (CPE)
Advanced
C1
Advanced (CAE)
Third Edition
with answers and eBook
B2
Upper Intermediate
First (FCE)
B1 +
• Learn useful collocations from a wide range of topics relevant to modern life such as:
opening gambit, work up an appetite and star-studded cast
• Avoid common mistakes and improve your exam results by studying error warnings
– based on real student errors from Cambridge ESOL papers for CAE, CPE and IELTS
• Develop better learning strategies through study tips and follow-up activities
• 60 easy-to-use two-page units: collocations are presented and explained on
left-hand pages with a range of practice exercises on right-hand pages.
• Presents and explains approximately 1,500 collocations in typical contexts using
short texts, dialogues, tables and charts.
• Contains a comprehensive answer key and full index for easy reference.
• Highlights register to help students choose the appropriate language for particular
situations.
• Informed by the Cambridge English Corpus to ensure that the most frequently used
collocations are presented.
English
Phrasal Verbs
ISBN 978 0521 68418 7
Cambridge
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Fourth Edition
For upper-intermediate to advanced learners of English
English
Collocations
Ideal for IELTS, BEC, and Cambridge English: First, Advanced, and Proficiency
exam preparation.
With clear definitions and over 140,000 words, phrases, meanings, and
examples, plus hundreds of pictures and illustrations, this dictionary is perfect
as a reference tool and as a study companion.
Informed by the Cambridge International Corpus and correlated to English
Vocabulary Profile, it is also perfect for exam preparation.
The CD-ROM contains the complete dictionary and recordings in British and
American English.
in Use
NEW! Focus on Writing section deals with all the essential aspects of
academic, formal, and informal writing.
NEW! Up-to-date vocabulary includes words from the areas of
technology, media, language, society, and lifestyle, plus important
words for academic study.
Advanced
Learner error information shows the most common errors made by
learners of English, so that you can avoid making the same mistakes.
How words work together
for fluent and natural English
English Vocabulary Profile correlation shows which words and
meanings are known by learners at what level, so you can prioritize
your vocabulary learning.
Includes eBook
with audio
Advanced
Learner’s
Dictionary
Fourth Edition
NEW FOCUS ON
WRITING SECTION
With CD-ROM
Felicity O’Dell
Michael McCarthy
Preliminary (PET)
A2
Key (KET)
in Use
Glossary
Glossary of
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terms used
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in phonetics
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between spellings
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sounds
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The CD-ROM
CD-ROM provides
provides these
these extras:
extras:
spoken
spoken British
British and
and American
American pronunciations
pronunciations of
of every
every headword
headword
‘record
‘record yourself’
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Search
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alphabetic characters
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phonetic symbols
symbols
Vocabulary reference
and practice
with answers
With CD-ROM
NEW FOCUS ON
WRITING SECTION
ISBN 978 1 107 61950 0
Improve your understanding of differences in spoken English, with
comparisons of everyday conversations and formal situations.
ENGLISH
With CD-ROM
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NEW FOCUS ON
ISBN 978 1 107 61950 0
English
Pronouncing
With CD-ROM
ADVANCED GRAMMAR IN USE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED
CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
ISBN 978 0 521 15253 2
Includes eBook
with audio
Better Learning is our simple approach where
deeper insights help shape richer content that
drives stronger results.
Discover more:
cambridge.org/betterlearning
Martin Hewings
ISBN 978 1 107 53930 3
English Idioms in Use Advanced is a vocabulary book for advanced-level learners.
It is primarily designed as a self-study reference and practice book but it can
also be used for classroom work.
•
60 easy-to-use two-page units. Idioms are presented and explained on lefthand pages with a range of practice exercises on right-hand pages.
PRONUNCIATION
Self-study and
classroom use
Also available
•
Presents and explains idioms in typical contexts using short texts and clear
example sentences.
•
Based on a corpus of real written and spoken language to ensure the most
useful and relevant idioms at this level are presented.
•
Provides valuable information about register and usage to help students
develop more natural-sounding English.
IN USE
•
Promotes good learning habits with study tips and follow-up tasks.
•
Helps you avoid common pitfalls with error warning notes highlighting
typical mistakes made by learners at this level.
Advanced
ENGLISH PHRASAL VERBS IN USE ADVANCED
ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE ADVANCED
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED
Third Edition
Cambridge
18th
Edition
C1–C2
Cambridge
Dictionary
Self-study and classroom use
dictionary.cambridge.org
ISBN 978 0 521 70780 0
9780 521 15255 6 Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary cvr C M Y K
M Y K
9781107539303 Hewings: Advanced Grammar in Use With answers & ebook 3rd Edition Cover C
9780 110 7619500 CALD 4 C M Y K
To find out more about the English Vocabulary in Use series, visit
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• Personalised, printable tests – ideal for
A self-study
reference and practice book
exam practice
For Windows®
Vista or Windows® 7 / 8learners
and
forXP,advanced
of English
Also available: English Collocations in Use Advanced
B1
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Fourth Edition
English Collocations in Use
Advanced
Collocations are word combinations that frequently appear together. This book will help
you master collocations, which will make your English sound more natural and fluent.
English Collocations in Use Advanced
Also available: English Phrasal Verbs in Use Advanced
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
English Vocabulary in Use Advanced
over
over 230,000
230,000 pronunciations
pronunciations of
of words,
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new
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The
The World
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English Pronunciation
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lively essays
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on aspects
aspects of
of
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NEW FOCUS ON
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With CD-ROM
•
Remember words more effectively with lots of opportunities for
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•
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•
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words.
NEW
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ISBN XX
NEW
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ENGLISH
IDIOMS
IN USE
60 units of vocabulary
reference and practice
Also available
Self-study and
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Second Edition
CEF
Advanced
C1–C2
Martin Hewings
NEW
COVER
Advanced
WRITING SECTION
The
The 18th
18th edition
edition features:
features:
with answers
dictionary.cambridge.org
ENGLISH
IDIOMS
IN USE
Advanced
Advanced
NEW FOCUS ON
Understand how pronunciation works, including individual
sounds, word stress, connected speech and intonation.
•
Editio
Cambridge
n
English Pronouncing Dictionary
18th Edition
English
English pronunciation
pronunciation –– from
from aardvark
aardvark to
to zymotic
zymotic and
and Adobe
Adobe to
to Zuma!
Zuma!
The
The 18th
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edition of
of Daniel
Daniel Jones’s
Jones’s classic
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work is
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nitive guide
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With CD-ROM
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ng
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in Use
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Fourth Edition
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•
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With CD-ROM
Practise your pronunciation with simple ‘listen and repeat’
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Advanced Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises with answers
Advanced
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NEW FOCUS ON
WRITING SECTION
world’s
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McCarthy and O’Dell English Vocabulary in Use Advanced
Cambridge
with answers
Simon Haines
Mark Nettle
with Martin Hewings
Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary
NEW! Focus on Writing section deals with all the essential aspects of
academic, formal, and informal writing.
NEW! Up-to-date vocabulary includes words from the areas of
technology, media, language, society, and lifestyle, plus important
words for academic study.
Cambridge
Fourth Edition
English Vocabulary Profile correlation shows which words and
meanings are known by learners at what level, so you can prioritize
your vocabulary learning.
dictionary.cambridge.org
•
New
The
English Vocabulary in Use
Advanced
Second Edition
Do you want to improve your vocabulary quickly? English Vocabulary in Use
Advanced is fully aligned to the needs of English language learners at C1–C2
level, so it will help you learn the words and phrases you require. This second
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• Lots of opportunities for personalised practice, to help with the
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• A ‘common mistakes’ feature which helps you avoid frequent errors.
O’Dell and McCarthy English Collocations in Use Advanced
Advanced
Learner’s
Dictionary
Details and access code inside.
Learner error information shows the most common errors made by
learners of English, so that you can avoid making the same mistakes.
Advanced Learner’s
Cambridge
Dictionary
• Online version for Windows and Mac (requires Chrome browser)
Haines & Nettle with Hewings
English Vocabulary Profile correlation shows which words and
meanings are known by learners at what level, so you can prioritize
your vocabulary learning.
• listen to examples to help with listening and pronunciation
• do exercises, save answers and check them with an answer key
• bookmark pages, highlight text and add notes.
*eBook available for both tablets and PCs/Macs:
• Downloadable version for iOS and Android (requires free Cambridge Bookshelf app)
Also available: Advanced Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Advanced Grammar in Use Extra Activities app
Cambridge
Advanced Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises with answers
NEW! Focus on Writing section deals with all the essential aspects of
academic, formal, and informal writing.
NEW! Up-to-date vocabulary includes words from the areas of
technology, media, language, society, and lifestyle, plus important
words for academic study.
Learner error information shows the most common errors made by
learners of English, so that you can avoid making the same mistakes.
Advanced Learner’s
Haines & Nettle with Hewings
Cambridge
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Also inside is a code for an interactive eBook*. This has the same grammar
explanations and exercises as in the printed book. This makes it perfect for
studying grammar anytime and anywhere.
With the eBook learners can:
CEFR Levels C1, C2
Cambridge
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Fourth Edition
For upper-intermediate to advanced learners of English
Ideal for IELTS, BEC, and Cambridge English: First, Advanced, and Proficiency
exam preparation.
With clear definitions and over 140,000 words, phrases, meanings, and
examples, plus hundreds of pictures and illustrations, this dictionary is perfect
as a reference tool and as a study companion.
Informed by the Cambridge International Corpus and correlated to English
Vocabulary Profile, it is also perfect for exam preparation.
The CD-ROM contains the complete dictionary and recordings in British and
American English.
ISBN 978 0 521 78807 6
Listen to a variety of English accents, to hear the similarities and
the differences.
A self-study reference and practice book
for advanced learners of English
Advanced Grammar in Use
With answers and eBook • Third Edition
A self-study reference and practice book for advanced learners of English
Advanced Grammar in Use Third Edition meets the advanced-level learner’s needs
with comprehensive grammar coverage and a user-friendly layout. This edition:
• contains 100 units of grammar reference and practice materials
• facilitates self-study by featuring a Study planner to help learners identify
which grammar to focus on
• has a comprehensive Grammar reminder section to allow learners to
double-check language areas they have already studied
• is informed by the Cambridge International Corpus to ensure the language
is authentic and up to date
• provides ideal support for students preparing for IELTS, Cambridge
English: Advanced or Cambridge English: Proficiency examinations.
Hewings Advanced Grammar in Use with answers and eBook
Also available: Advanced Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Advanced Grammar in Use Extra Activities app
Learn to speak clearly with 60 units of explanations, examples and
exercises.
•
9780521619561 HEWINGS:
HEWINGS: EPIU
EPIU ADVANCED
ADVANCED CVR
CVR CMYBLK
CMYBLK
9780521619561
Full details and access code inside.
9781108403498 - HEWINGS - ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION ADVANCED C M Y K
• Online version for Windows and Mac (requires Chrome browser)
•
This book comes with over four hours of free downloadable audio.
See code and instructions inside.
978-0-521-70780-0 MCCARTHY & O’DELL :ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE ADVANCED C M Y K
• do exercises, save answers and check them with an answer key
• bookmark pages, highlight text and add notes.
*eBook available for both tablets and PCs/Macs:
• Downloadable version for iOS and Android (requires free Cambridge Bookshelf app)
CEFR Levels C1, C2
Understand and be understood in English.
Pronunciation explanations, audio and practice for advanced
level (C1-C2) learners of English. Perfect for both self-study and
classroom activities.
9780 110 7619500 CALD 4 C M Y K
• listen to examples to help with listening and pronunciation
Advanced
9781107637764 McCarthy & O’Dell: English Vocabulary in Use with awnswers & CD-ROM 2nd Edition Cover C
M Y K
With the eBook learners can:
Cambridge
9781107539303 Hewings: Advanced Grammar in Use With answers & ebook 3rd Edition Cover C
Also inside is a code for an interactive eBook*. This has the same grammar
explanations and exercises as in the printed book. This makes it perfect for
studying grammar anytime and anywhere.
Fourth Edition
Be confident about what you are learning, thanks to Cambridge
research into how English is really spoken and written.
Felicity O’Dell
Michael McCarthy
ISBN XX
Better Learning is our simple approach where
deeper insights help shape richer content that
Free downloadable
audio
drives stronger results.
Discover more:
cambridge.org/betterlearning
ISBN 978 1 108 40349 8
ADVANCED GRAMMAR IN USE
ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION IN USE ADVANCED
ENGLISH IDIOMS IN USE ADVANCED
CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH
VOCABULARY
Vocabulary
reference and
practice
IN USE
Third Edition
Advanced
Michael
Michael McCarthy
McCarthy
Felicity O’Dell
O'Dell
Felicity
Advanced
• provides ideal support for students preparing for IELTS, Cambridge
English: Advanced or Cambridge English: Proficiency examinations.
For upper-intermediate to advanced learners of English
•
with ebook
• is informed by the Cambridge International Corpus to ensure the language
is authentic and up to date
Ideal for IELTS, BEC, and Cambridge English: First, Advanced, and Proficiency
exam preparation.
Learn words in context, with 101 different topics, including ‘Applying
for a job’, ‘Illness’ and ‘Easily confused words’.
ENGLISH IDIOMS IN USE
• has a comprehensive Grammar reminder section to allow learners to
double-check language areas they have already studied
IN USE
ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION IN USE
• facilitates self-study by featuring a Study planner to help learners identify
which grammar to focus on
With clear definitions and over 140,000 words, phrases, meanings, and
examples, plus hundreds of pictures and illustrations, this dictionary is perfect
as a reference tool and as a study companion.
•
O’Dell and McCarthy
• contains 100 units of grammar reference and practice materials
The
wo
gra rld’s
mm be
ar st-se
seri llin
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ENGLISH
PRONUNCIATION
Martin Hewings
A self-study reference and practice book for advanced learners of English
Informed by the Cambridge International Corpus and correlated to English
Vocabulary Profile, it is also perfect for exam preparation.
Expand your vocabulary with easy to understand explanations and
practice exercises.
*The ebook has the same content as the printed book and works on Macs, PCs and
tablets. Online version for Windows and Mac (requires Chrome browser). Downloadable
version for iOS and Android tablets (requires free Cambridge Bookshelf app). Instructions
and access code inside.
Advanced Grammar in Use Third Edition meets the advanced-level learner’s needs
with comprehensive grammar coverage and a user-friendly layout. This edition:
The CD-ROM contains the complete dictionary and recordings in British and
American English.
•
Also inside is a code for an ebook*. With the ebook you can:
Advanced Grammar in Use
With answers and eBook • Third Edition
ISBN 978 0 521 78807 6
The words you need to communicate with confidence.
Vocabulary explanations and practice for advanced level (C1-C2) learners
of English. Perfect for both self-study and classroom activities.
Hewings Advanced Grammar in Use with answers and eBook
978 1 316 63006 8 McCarthy & O’Dell: English Vocabulary in Use Advanced Cover C
Advanced
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE
M Y K
IN USE
McCarthy and O’Dell
ENGLISH
ISBN 978 1 316 62973 4
Better Learning is our simple approach where
deeper insights help shape richer content that
drives stronger results.
Discover more:
cambridge.org/betterlearning
Includes ebook
with audio
Better
Learning
ENGLISH
VOCABULARY
Vocabulary
reference and
and
practice
with answers
and
and ebook
ebook
Third Edition
IN USE
Advanced
Michael McCarthy
McCarthy
Michael
Felicity
Felicity O’Dell
O’DelI
CAMBRIDGE
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Contents
Thanks
Introduction
andstudy
Work and
study
forsuccess:
and
success: study and
1 Cramming for
2
3
4
5
6
7
99
88
Education: debates and
and issues
Education:
10
foraa job
Applying for
12
Job interviews
Job
14
and routines
At work: colleagues and
16
At work: job satisfaction
18
18
At work: careers
20
De tibnquaeoiee'
negative
qualities
22
Describing people:
people: appearance
Describing
and mannerisms
mannerisms
and
24
Describing people:
people: personality
personality and
and
10 Describing
10
11
12
13
14
15
character traits
character
26
26
Relationships: friends forever
forever
Relationships:
28
Relationships: ups
ups and
and downs
downs
Relationships:
30
30
Emotions and
and reactions
reactions
Emotions
32
Negative feelings
feelings
Negative
34
34
Birth and
and death:
death: from
from cradle
cradle to
to grave
grave 36
36
Birth
Leisure and
and lifestyle
lifestyle
Leisure
Free time: relaxation
relaxation and
and leisure
leisure
16 Free
All the
the rage:
rage: clothes
clothes and
and fashion
fashion
17 All
Home styles,
styles, lifestyles
lifestyles
18 Home
Socialising and
and networking
networking
19 Socialising
The performance
performance arts:
arts: reviews
reviews
20 The
21
22
23
24
66
academic work
and relationships
People and
positive and
and
8 Describing people: positive
"
55
38
38
40
42
42
44
44
and critiques
critiques
and
46
46
The visual
visual arts
arts
The
48
48
Talking about
about books
books
Talking
50
50
Food:aa recipe
recipe for
fordisaster
disaster
Food:
52
52
Dinner's on
on me:
me: entertaining
entertaining and
and
Dinner’s
eating out
out
eating
54
54
Travel
On the road: traffic and
and driving
25 On
and accommodation
26 Travel and
27 Attracting tourists
The environment
The
Describing the world
28 Describing
29 Weather and climate
Brick walls and
and glass ceilings
30 Brick
and reaping rewards
31 Taking root and
The animal kingdom
32 The
33 Our endangered world
56
56
58
60
60
62
64
66
66
68
70
72
Society and
and institutions
Here to
to help:
help: customer service
74
34 Here
police
76
76
35 Authorities: customs and police
Beliefs
78
78
36 Beliefs
Festivals in
in their
their cultural context
context
80
37 Festivals
about language
language
82
38 Talking about
History: since the dawn
dawn of
ofcivilisation
84
civilisation 84
39 History:
The haves
haves and
and the
the have-nots
have-nots
86
40 The
British politics
politics
88
88
41 British
International politics
politics
90
90
42 International
The letter
letter of
of the
the law
law
92
92
43 The
War and
and peace
peace
94
94
44 War
Economy and
and finance
finance
96
96
45 Economy
Personal finance:
finance: making
making ends
ends
46 Personal
meet
meet
The media
media
The
The media:
media: in
in print
print
47 The
The media:
media: internet
internet and
and email
email
48 The
Advertising
49 Advertising
Thenews:
news: gathering
gathering and
and
50 The
delivering
delivering
English Vocabulary
Vocabularyinin Use
Use Advanced
Advanced
English
98
98
100
100
102
102
104
104
106
106
3
Health
51 Healthcare
52 Illness: feeling under the weather
53 Medical language
and fitness
54 Diet, sport and
Technology
55 Industries: from manufacturing
to service
and its impact
56 Technology and
ofthe
the future
57 Technology of
58 Energy: from fossil fuels to
windmills
"
Basic concepts
no room toswing
cat
to swingaa cat
59 Space: no
ina a blue moon
60 Time: once in
61 Motion: taking steps
behaviour and body
62 MManner:gbehaviour
63
64
65
66
67
68
108
108
110
112
114
114
116
118
118
120
122
124
126
126
128
128
up!
Sounds: listen up!
132
132
Weight and
and density
134
134
All the
the colours of the rainbow
136
and slow
Speed: fast and
138
Cause and effect
140
140
Spot the difference: making
comparisons
142
142
and dilemmas
69 Difficulties and
70 Modality: expressing facts,
144
144
and quantity
71 Number: statistics and
148
148
146
146
Functional vocabulary
Permission: getting the
the go-ahead 150
72 Permission:
and protesting
152
152
73 Complaining and
and reconciliation 154
154
74 Apology, regret and
pat on
on the
the back: complimenting
75 A A pat
and bets
76 Promises and
and regrets
77 Reminiscences and
78 Agreement, disagreement
and
and compromise
44
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
164
Academic writing: text structure
166
166
Writing: style and
and format
168
Whatchamacallit: being indirect
170
170
Give or take: more vague
expressions
172
Words and meanings
and acronyms
85 Abbreviations and
new meanings
86 Prefixes: creating new
new words
87 Suffixes: forming new
and
88 Word-building and
word-blending
3
130
and praising
and
Academic writing: making sense
The way
way you
you say it
84 The
aa
language
opinions, desires
79
80
81
82
83
156
158
160
162
English:aa global language
89 English:
90 Easily confused words
One word, many meanings
91 One
and
Fixed expressions and
figurative language
92 Collocation: which words go
together
93 Metaphor: seeing the light
for everyday situations
94 Idioms foreveryday
and feelings
and
174
174
176
178
180
180
182
182
184
184
186
186
188
188
190
190
192
192
194
194
up on
on phrasal verbs
196
95 Brushing up
198
96 Connotation: making associations 198
Language variation
97 Register: degrees of formality
byaa common language
98 Divided by
99 Language and gender
the headlines
100 In the
Red tape
101 Red
200
200
202
204
206
206
208
Answer key
key
210
Phonemic symbols
276
Index
277
Acknowledgements
299
299
Enhanced ebook
301
301
by.
Thanks and acknowledgements
Joy Godwin wrote two
foraa job,
and Unit 4,
Joy
two units for the
the Third Edition: Unit 3, Applying for
job, and
Job
Job interviews.
interviews. The
The publishers would like to
to thank Joy forhercontribution
for her contribution to this edition.
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
55
Introduction
Introduction
To
To the
the student
This book has
hasbeen
been written to help you
you expand your vocabulary at the advanced level. You
You already
ofEnglish
and in
ina a sophisticated
sophisticated way
know thousands of
English words, but to express yourself fully and
way at the
the
and 8,000 words, so increasing your vocabulary
advanced level, you
you will ideally need between 6,000 and
as well as for
any academic, professional or
is very important foryour
for your general progress in English, as
for any
vocational needs you may
may have where English plays an
an important role. At
as well
At the
the advanced level, as
new words, you
as learning new
you will need to
to learn more about the subtle connotations of words, aspects
and style and
and how
how words combine into collocations, compounds and fixed phrases. In
of register and
this book, there are over 3,000 new
new words and expressions foryou
for you to learn. You
You will find them on the
the
left-hand page of
each unit. Every new
phrase is used in
ofeach
new word or
orphrase
ina a sentence, or in
ina a conversation, or
is in
ina a table, or has
hasaa picture with it, or
or has
has some explanation of what it means. On
On the right-hand
page there are exercises and
to help you
you practise using the words and tohelp
to help you
you
and other activities to
research shows that learners frequently make errors, we
we give you
you
to remember them. Where our
ourresearch
advice on
on how
The book has
how to avoid the most common ones, as well as other useful language tips. The
has
been written so
you can
without a teacher. You
You can
the units in any
you
so that you
can use
use it yourself, withouta
can do
do the
any order you
like, but
you might wish to work through several units on
but we
we have grouped them into themes, so you
onaa
particular area of vocabulary before moving to
toaa new
new one.
The
keyattheend
ofthebook
The Answer key
at the end of
the book is for
for you
you to
to check your answers to the exercises after you
you
do them. The
one answer. This is because often there is not
not just
do
The key sometimes has more than one
one correct way
areasked
one
way of saying something. Where you are
asked to talk about yourself, in the
the Over
toyou
we do
do not
not provide answers, since this is your opportunity to work completely
to
you activities, we
and in
ina a very personal way, so everyone’s
everyone's answer will be
be very different.
independently and
The
end of the book has
hasall
The Index at the end
all the
the important words and phrases from the
the left-hand pages.
The
how to
isa a table of phonemic symbols to
The Index also tells you
you how
to pronounce words. There is
to help you
you
on page 276.
understand the pronunciation on
You
haveaa dictionary with you
usethebook.
can use
useaa paper dictionary,
You should also have
you when you
you use
the book. You
You can
an electronic one, or you
can go
go to Cambridge Dictionaries Online at http://dictionary.cambridge.org.
an
you can
Access toaa dictionary is useful because sometimes you may
may want tocheck
ofsomething
to check the meaning of
something
or finda
own language to help you
or
find a word in your own
you remember theEnglish
the English word. Sometimes, you
you will
needaa dictionary for the
also need
the exercises; we
we tell you
you when this is so.
To
learnaa lot of
of vocabulary, you
do two
To learn
you have to
to do
two things:
11 Study each unit of the
and do
do all the
the book carefully and
the exercises. Check your answers in the
the key.
and then again after three months, and
and see how
how much youhave
Repeat the units aftera a month, and
you have
and how
how much youhave
learnt and
you have forgotten. Repeating work is very important.
22 Develop ways ofyour
own to study and
and learn new
new words and phrases which are
arenot
of your own
not in this
ina a notebook,
book. For example, every time you
you see or hear an interesting phrase, write it in
and write who
or wrote it, and
and in what situation, as
as well as what it means. Making notes
and
who said it or
ofthe
areused
atthe
of
the situations words are
used in will help you
you to remember them and tousethem
to use them at
the
right moment.
We
can also go
go to the
We hope you like this book. You
You can
the other books in the
the series which have more
specialised titles: English Idioms in Use, English Phrasal Verbs in Use
Use and
and English Collocations in Use,
specialised
areavailable
as well as Academic Vocabulary in Use. Find out
out more at
atthe
which are
available at advanced level, as
the
Vocabulary in Use
Use website: www.cambridge.org/elt/inuse.
66
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
To
To the
the teacher
This book can be used in class or as
asaa self-study book. It is intended to take learners from an
an advanced level. The
upper-intermediate level of vocabulary to an
The vocabulary has been chosen
forits
and we
for its usefulness in everyday situations, and
we consulted the Cambridge English Corpus,
aa billion-word-plus written and
and spoken corpus of
of present-day English which includes
includesaa huge learner
and to help us understand
understand the
corpus, to help us decide on
on the words and phrases to be included and
typical problems learners encounter at
atthe
consulted the English Vocabulary
the advanced level. We
We also consulted
areaa representative sample of
ofvocabulary
Profile to
to make sure that the words in the
the book are
vocabulary that is
typical of the
C1 and
and C2.
C2. Visit the
the Common European Framework levels C1
the English Vocabulary Profile at
www.cambridge.org/elt/inuse.
www.cambridge.org/eIt/inuse.
At the advanced level, as
as well as learning
learningaa large number of
ofnew
new words and expressions, learners
and so we
we
are often directing their efforts towards academic, professional or vocational needs, and
offeraa modern, sophisticated vocabulary that will underpin their work in other areas.
have tried to
to offer
The
new vocabulary (on average 40 items per unit) is presented with explanations on
on the left-hand
left-hand
The new
and there are exercises and
and activities on
on the
an Answer key
keyand
page, and
the right-hand page. There is an
and an
key at the end
end of the book is for
for students
Index with pronunciation forall
for all the
the target vocabulary.
vocabulary. The
The key
to check their answers to the exercises after they do
do them. The
one
The key sometimes has more than one
not just one
one correct way
way of saying something. Where students
answer. This is because often there is not
toyou
do not
not provide answers, since
are asked to talk about themselves, in the
the Over to
you activities, we
we do
this gives learners the
and in
ina a very personal way,
the opportunity to work completely independently and
everyone's answer will be
be very different.
different.
so everyone’s
The
on single words, but on
on useful phrases and
and collocations, and
and the
The book focuses not just on
the vocabulary
illustrated in natural contexts. The
organised around everyday topics, but
but also has
has units
is illustrated
The book is organised
and style. Typical errors are
are
devoted to basic concepts such as time, modality, manner and varieties and
on information
information from the Cambridge Learner Corpus, and
and the
indicated where appropriate, based on
on foreach
most typical meanings and uses are focused on
for each key item.
The
offeraa variety of different types of activities, some traditional ones such as
The right-hand pages offer
but also more open-ended ones and
and personalised activities which enable learners to talk
gap-filling, but
own lives. Although the activities and
and exercises are designed forself-study,
about their own
for self-study, they can be
orwhole-class
easily adapted forpairwork,
for pairwork, groupwork or
whole-class activities in the
the usual way.
When thelearners
ofunits,
isa a good idea to repeat some of
ofthework
the learners have worked througha
through a group of
units, it is
the work
exercises) and
and to expand on the meaning and use
useofkeywords
(for example, the exercises)
of key words and phrases by
and find other examples of
ofthe
and situations. This
extra discussion in class, and
the key items in other texts and
can be
be done at
atintervals
one to three months after first working on
onaa unit. This is important, since
can
intervals of one
orphrase
it is usually the
the case thata
that a learner needs five to
to seven exposures toaa word or
phrase before they can
and no
no single book can do enough toensure
arealways
really begin to know it, and
to ensure that words are
always learnt
first time. It is especially important at
atthe
the advanced level to
to discuss in detail the
the meanings and uses
and how
how they combine and collocate with one
one another.
of words and phrases and
Your students can
can also consult the more specialised higher level books in this series: the
the advanced
Use and
and English Collocations in Use, or they
levels of English Idioms in Use, English Phrasal Verbs in Use
may wish to work on academic vocabulary by using Academic Vocabulary in Use, all by
by the
may
the same
on the knowledge they have gained from this
authors as this book. They can also test themselves on
and the
by using the separate books of
oftests
and
the other books in the
the series by
tests that accompany theseries.
the series.
You
can find out
out more at
attheVocabulary
Use website: www.cambridge.org/elt/inuse.
You can
the Vocabulary in Use
We
We hope you enjoy using the book.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
7
and
Cramming forsuccess:
for success: study and
academic work
1
A
Study
and exams
exams
Study and
an exam, some students cram‘
Before an
cram1
for it. Even if you're
you’reaa genius2,you'll
, you’ll
do some revision. If the
have to do
the exam
can revise by
by
happens every year, you
you can
looking at past papers3.Some
. Some things
can be
be memorised orlearnt
(off)) by
by
can
or learnt (off
But rote-learning44 is not
not suff
sufficient
heart. But
icient
for most subjects. It is also possible to
use mnemonics
mnemonics^.5. However, all things
use
considered, the best idea is to
to bury
to study
yourself in your books66 and tostudy
intensively77 until you
you know thesubject
the subject
out’.8.
inside out
B
11
ina a very concentrated
concentrated way
study in
way
for
foraa short time
22
an exceptionally clever person
33
exam papers from previous years
44 learning purely by repetition
repetition
* 5 /ni'moniks/
/niˈmɒnɪks/ tricks that help
you
you remember something, for
for
after
example: ‘i’ before ‘e’ except aft
er
isa a mnemonic forEnglish
‘c’ is
for English
spelling (e.g. friend, but
but receive)
6
spend the
the maximum time
studying
77
ina a very focused way
in
way
8
know it completely
Academic writing
composition
just 50–100
words, oft
en used
school work
work
composition could
could be
be just
50—100 words,
often
used for
forschool
essay
than a composition,
thousands ofwords
of words
essay longer
longer thana
composition, more
more serious,
serious, hundreds
hundreds or
orthousands
assignment
en part
thousands of
words
assignmentaa long
long essay,
essay, oft
often
part of
ofaa course,
course, usually
usually thousands
ofwords
project
topic
project like
like an
an assignment,
assignment, but
but emphasis
emphasis on
on student’s
student's own
own material
material and
and topic
portfolio
work; may
portfolioaa collection
collection of
of individual
individual pieces
pieces of
of work;
may include
include drawings
drawings and
and other
other examples
examples of
of
creative
work as
well as
writing
creative work
aswell
as writing
dissertation
work, perhaps
words, for
foraa degree
dissertationaa long,
long, research-based
research-based work,
perhaps 10–15,000
10—15,000 words,
degree or
or diploma
diploma
thesis a very
very long,
work, perhaps
words, for
foraa higher
thesisa
long, original,
original, research-based
research-based work,
perhaps 80–100,000
80—100,000 words,
higher degree
degree (e.g.
(e.g. PhD)
PhD)
It'sa a good idea to start with
withaa mind
mind map
map!1 when preparing an
an essay. Always writea
It’s
write a first
first drafi
draft22
33
writing up
up the final version. Your essay should be all your own
own work; plagiarism
plagiarism is
isa a very
before writing
offence
and universities.
universities. It is an
an increasing problem because it is so
so easy to cut
cut
serious off
ence in colleges and
and paste from materials available on
on the
and students have to
signaa plagiarism
plagiarism form
and
the internet, and
to sign
form
tosaythat
own and
and that they acknowledge
acknowledge44 any sources
to say that the work they are handing in is all their own
55
they have used. There is usually
usuallyaa deadline
be assessed
assessed77
deadline .After
. After the
the essay is submitted
submitted66,, it will be
88
and usually you
can get feedback
and
you can
feedback ..
11
diagram that lays out
out ideas for
and how
how they are
are connected to one
one another 22 first, rough version
foraa topic and
44
/’p1eid$arizam/
people's work as
asif
/pledərzəm/ using other people’s
if it was
was yours
give details of 5 date by which you
you must hand
and given
givenaa grade 8 comments from the teacher/tutor
in the
the work 66 handed in; formal 77 evaluated and
33
C
Aspects of higher academic study
11
do research
less formal is do
magazines with academic
(we do
not use
use
articles (we
do not
the
the word magazine totalk
to talk
about this kind of academic
publication)
publication)
33 get hold of (it) on
on the
the internet
44
system where libraries
exchange books/journals with
one another
one
22
HOME
1
FACULTY
RESEARCH
out research
research‘ and
and are expected to read academic
University academics carry out
journals2,which
, which publish papers/articles on
on specialised
specialised subjects. Ifa a library
nothave
ofaa book or
orjournal,
may be
be able to access it online33
does not
haveaa copy of
journal, you
you may
can usually get it through an inter-library loan
loan°.4. Open educational
or you
you can
resources’5 are particularly convenient formany
resources
for many students. Academic study can
6
and some students drop out
outs,
but the
be very demanding, and
, but
the majority survive till
finals77 and
and become well-qualified"members
professions.
well-qualified8 members oftheir
of their future professions.
5
online materials that can
can be
be freely used by teachers and
and students anywhere 66 leave the course before the
7
end
last exams before the end
end
end ofaa college or university course 8 with the right formal qualifications
8
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
1.1
1.1
inthese
Correct the wrong usage of
of words to
to do with written work in
these sentences.
11 His
His PhD
PhD assignment was
and was
on the history of US
US place names.
was 90,000 words long and
was on
22 Little Martha did
did her first dissertation
dissertation in school today. It was
‘My family’.
was called ‘My
3 3 We
an essay at the end
end of
ofthe
can consist of up
up to five different
We have to
to hand in an
the course. It can
pieces of work.
44 The
of this week's
The teacher gave us the title of
week’s project today. We
We have towrite
to write 1,000 words on the
the
topic of ‘IfI I ruled the
and hand it in next Monday.
the world’ and
55 Atthe
end of
ofthis
be assessed, and
and the
At the end
this course, you
you have to doa
do a 5,000-word thesis which will be
grade will contribute to your final degree.
66 I I think I’ll
I'll do
do a a study of
of people’s
people's personal banking habits for my
my MSc
MSc composition.
composition. It has
has to
be
to be
about 12,000 words.
77 I’ve
I've chosen to do the portfolio instead of the
becauseII like to
do one
one single piece of
the two
two exams, because
to do
work whereI
can research something that interests me
me personally.
where I can
1.2
1.2
Rewrite this text using words and phrases from the
the opposite page instead of the
the
underlined words.
When I’m studying in a very focused way because I’m preparing
hard for an exam, I don’t see any point in looking up exam papers
from previous years, nor is there any point in just learning things by
memory. I know some people develop very clever memory tricks
to help them remember the material, but there’s no real substitute
for rereading and going over the term’s work. It’s a good idea to
have some sort of diagram showing different ideas to organise your
thoughts, and memory-learning is useful, but in a limited way. At the
end of the day, you just have to read a huge amount until you feel
you know the subject 100%.
1.3
1.3
Answer these questions.
11 What do we call the
atwriting
an essay?
the first attempt at
writing something, e.g. an
22 What word means ‘the date by which you must do something’?
33 What word means ‘using someone else’s
else's ideas as if they were yours’?
4 4 What are
aremore
for‘to
and for
more formal words for
‘to hand in’ and
for ‘to mark’?
55 What phrasal verb do
do we
we use when someone doesn’t
doesn't complete their course?
66 What is another word foran
canyou
for an academic article? Where can
you read them?
77 What is the
the name ofthesystem
of the system forgetting
for getting books from other libraries?
8 8 What word means ‘the comments you get
getback
back from the teacher about your work’?
99 What word can you use
usefor
who is extraordinarily intelligent?
intelligent?
foraa person who
10 What is
isa a more formal way
10
way of saying ‘do research’?
1.4
1.4
Choose the best word from the
the opposite page to
to complete these sentences.
11 If you
an essay, you
you quote an article in an
you must ........................... your source, giving details of author
and title.
and
2 2 Open educational ........................... can
be particularly useful for students who
do not have easy
can be
who do
access toa
to a university library.
3 3 How
How much ........................... have you
you done for
for tomorrow's
tomorrow’s maths exam?
44 Don’t
Don't forget to sign the
and hand it in with your dissertation.
the ........................... form and
5 5 Some people takea
arevery
take a long time to find suitable work even though they are
very ............................ .
6 6 Orla has
has had
hadaa ........................... published in the
the British iviedical
Medical Journal.
77 All students need
needaa username and password to be able to ........................... journals online.
88 Caspar is bound todo
he knows thesubject
to do well in his mechanics exam —
– he
the subject ........................... out.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
9
22
Education:
Education: debates
debates and
and issues
issues
A
and equality
Opportunity and
All education systems may
may ultimately be
be judged in terms of
ofequality
of opportunity!.
equality of
opportunity1. This is often
22
33
referred to in the
the debates over selective
selective versus comprehensive
comprehensive schooling
schooling44.The
. The main issue is
whether everyone has the same opportunities foreducational
orwhether
elitism55 of
for educational achievement or
whether elitism
6
one sort or another is inherent
inherent in
in the
one
the system.
77
League tables
and colleges may
may actually help unintentionally to perpetuate
perpetuate88
League
tables forschools
for schools and
inequalities, while claiming to promote the
the raising of standards. Inevitably, league tables divide
and failure, resulting in
ina a two-tier
educational institutions into good and bad, success and
two-tier system
system99,,
0
111
10
or at
atleast
how the
perceives* it. The
better-off ! parents and
and wellor
least that is how
the public perceives
The ability of better-off
wellendowed!
endowed122 schools to push children towards the institutions at the
the top
top of the
the league may, in the
the
depressing!133 opportunity forthe
less well-off!
long term, have the effect of depressing
for the less
well-off144 or for children from
do not provide the push and motivation to excel
exceI*155..
home environments that do
ofdifferent
can help to make educational opportunity more equal. There
Financial support of
different kinds can
scholarships‘166 or bursaries
bursaries‘177that
that make it possible for less privileged youngsters
are, for example, scholarships
19
to afford tertiary‘
Student loans
loans"
undergraduates2200 to
fortheir
tertiary188 education. Student
allow undergraduates
to pay for
their tuition
tuition
221
fees
and living expenses while they are studying. But
But few
fees ‘ and
few would claim that real equality of
opportunity has been achieved.
11
when everyone has the same chances
22 pupils are chosen for
forentry,
entry, usually for academic reasons,
though, in the
of some private schools, parents’
parents'
the case of
pay school fees may
may be
beaa factor in selection
ability to
to pay
33
everyone enters without exams and education is free,
paid for
for by the government
education received at school
55
you favouraa small, privileged
when youfavour
privileged group
66 existing as
asaa basic part of something
77 lists of
of schools or colleges, from the best down to
to
theworst,
the worst, based on
on exam results and, sometimes,
other criteria
8 8 make something continue
99aa system with two
two separate levels, one
one of which is
better than the other
10
sees, considers
4
B
Other debates and
and issues
11
richer
*122 receiving
receivingaa lot of money in grants, gifts from
rich people, etc. [= endowments]
113
* reducing
114
4 poorer
15
an excellent standard
achieve an
16
16
pay for studies, usually provided
money given to pay
on
on the basis of academic merit
17
17
money given to pay
pay for studies, usually provided
on the basis of need
on
18 education at university or college level
18
19 money that students can
19
can borrow froma
from a bank while
studying and
and then pay back once they are in work
20
20
students doingaa first degree [postgraduates =
students doingaa further degree]
21 money paid to receive teaching
21
Language help
an
Some people think we
we should return to an
Rs,the
emphasis on the
the three
three Rs,
the traditional,
how compound adjectives like well-off,
Notice how
and arithmetic]
arithmetic]
basic skills. [reading, writing and
can be
be
well-endowed, high-achieving, badly-performing can
Literacy and
and numeracy
numeracy are
areskills
no one
one
Literacy
skills no
and superlative forms, e.g. better-off,
used in comparative and
can afford to be
be without. [the ability to
can
to read]
best-endowed, higher-achieving, worst-performing.
worst-performing.
do basic maths]
[the ability to
to count// do
Curriculum reform
reform is often done for
Curriculum
for
political reasons rather than forgood
for good educational ones.
be studied]
[changes to what is covered in the
the national syllabus
syllabus = plan of what is to
to be
studied]
lifelong/continuing education
education is an
an issue, and
and creating opportunities for
for mature
mature students
Nowadays, lifelong/continuing
students
is important.
important. [education for
is
for all ages] [adult students older than the average student]
Special needs
needs education
[education for
Special
education is expensive because class sizes need to
to be small or one-to-one.
one-to-one. [education
disability] [one teacher and
and one
one pupil, not
nota a group]
children who
who cannot learn in the
the normal way, because they have some disability]
atschool
isa a lot of bullying.
bullying. [threatening behaviour]
behaviours
Children are unhappy at
school if there is
new government guidelines
on what
Some headteachers complain that getting to grips with constant new
guidelines on
isa a distraction
schools should be doing is
distraction from what they ought to
to be focusing on. [advice (often official)
on how
how something should be done] [takes attention
attention away]
on
10
10
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
2.1
2.1
by filling in
in the
Complete the collocations by
the missing words according to the meaning given
in brackets.
in
11 ......................................... tables (lists of
of schools from best to worst)
22 ......................................... education (entry to schools is decided by exam results)
3 3 equality of ......................................... (when everyone has the same chances)
44 ......................................... inequalities (make inequalities continue)
continue)
55 ......................................... education (at university or college level)
2.2
2.2
are more formal by using words and phrases from
Rewrite these sentences so they are
the
any other changes that
the opposite page instead of the
the underlined words. Make any
are necessary.
11 Inequality is built into the
the education system.
22 Giving access only to privileged
privileged groups is bad
bad for
for the
the country in the
the long term.
33 Education where everyone gets
eets into the
of school without exams is
isa a basic political
the same type of
ideal in many countries.
4 4 A A system where there are two
forchildren
two levels of schools reduces the opportunities for
children from poorer
and favours those from richer families.
families and
5 5 Some private schools have lots of wealth and
and receive gifts
eifts of
of money, and this means they can have
resources.
better resources.
66 All parents want their children to achieve the best possible results at school.
77 Emphasis on thethree
be the key to success.
the three Rs is considered by parents to be
88 The
The government is increasing its provision for education that young people can enter after
finishing secondary school.
2.3
2.3
Correct these statements about words or
or expressions from the
the opposite page. Correct
each of
them twice -– once by changing the definition and
ofthem
and once by changing the word
being defined.
1 One-to-one education is another way of saying continuing education.
One-to-one education means a situation where there is one teacher and one student.
Lifelong education is another way of saying continuing education.
to the
the ability to
to read.
22 Numeracy refers to
who is doing
33 A A student who
doingaa doctorate is an
an undergraduate.
who is
44 Excelling is when
whenaa pupil uses frightening or threatening behaviour towards another child who
smaller or less powerful in some way.
the stage that follows primary education.
55 Tertiary education is the
66 Comprehensive schools choose the best students to study there.
to bad according to their exam results.
77 Guidelines list schools from good to
results.
L4
2.4
Complete each sentence witha
with a word from theopposite
the opposite page.
11 Matt won
of his excellent academic record.
wonaa ........................... because of
22 Zara’s
Zara's parents said that starting
startingaa rock band with her friends would be too much of
of
aa
her studies.
from her
3 3 The
on how
how best to prepare forexams.
The report contains some interesting ........................... on
for exams.
44 There were two ........................... students in my
my class at university, but
but most of
ofuswere
us were just 19.
5 5 Katia wouldn't
go to university if her
her grandparents hadn’t
hadn't paid her tuition
wouldn’t have been able to go
for her.
6 6 Most undergraduates need totake
to take outa
out a student ........................... toto cover their costs while they
study for
foraa degree.
77 Primary schools usually spenda
on the ........................... Rs.
spend a lot of time on
8 8 At
universityI I was
me and
and the
was lucky enough tohavea
to have a lot of ........................... tutorials, just me
At university
the tutor!
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
11
3
Applying for a job
A A A job
ad
job ad
1
haveaa passion forsomething,
if you
you have
for something, you
you like
it very much
22
aa positive word forsomething
for something which is
and diff
difficult
icult
Careers Branches About Us Contact 3 exciting and
3 if an
an environment is fast-paced, things
happen quickly there
Customer Service
Customer
Service Assistant
Assistant
44
available jobs
55
report to
someone, he/she
he/she is
is your
boss
ifÏf you
you report
to someone,
your boss
o you
DDo
you have excellent communication skills and
anda a genuine passion for11 Customer
customer
66
service? Are
looking for
challenging22 role
role withina
experience of
of this
ofjob
from before
before
within a fast-paced
fast-paced33 working
working
service?
Are you
you looking
foraa challenging
experience
this type
type of
job from
77 all the
environment?
the training you
you need
8
FDR Bank
Bank has
has several
new openings
Service Assistants.
Reporting
for Customer Service
Assistants. Reporting
FDR
several new
openings44 forCustomer
job
job
to
Customer Service
Service Manager,
Manager, you
be responsible
responsible for
the Customer
you will
will be
for dealing
dealing with
with customer
customer
to55 the
9
and career
opportunities for
for promotion and
enquiries on
phone and
No previous
previous experience‘
is necessary
necessary
enquiries
on the
the phone
and viaemail.
via email. No
experience6 is
88
7
9
development
as full
be given.
given. The
post oPers
excellent career
career prospects
prospects’ to
The post
offers excellent
to
as
full training’
training will be
1
1
the ability
to lead
^ as
as we
ability to
leadaa group
group
we are keen topromote
to promote and
and 10 the
candidates who
who demonstrate leadership quaIities
qualities10
111
1 as
develop
develop talent within the
the company.
asgood
as,or
good as,
or better than, other salaries for
2
11
We
competitive salary
salary"
and an
benefits
package112
including
similar jobs
and
an attractive
attractive benefi
ts package
including
We offera
offer a competitive
similar
jobs
12
pension, healthcare plan and
and subsidised’
subsidised133 meals.
Aall
lltheextra
offers
the extra benefits thataa company off
ers
If this sounds like the
the job
job for you, then click here to fill
fill in the
the online application
asaa salary)
(as well as
form, including details of your salary expectations.
13
13 partly paid for
for by the company
s • BANK
FDR
B AA cover letter
You
others],, so
You want your application to stand out [be better than others]
so you
you
includeaa clear, well-written
letter‘1 which highlights key
key
should include
well-written cover letter
CV.Here
isa a letter sent with the application for the
points from your CV.
Here is
the job
job
inA A above.
in
Dear Sir
or Madam
Nadam22
Dear
Sir or
Mention
any studies
or training
courses you
have done
which are
relevant to
[connected to]
the role.
If you have
previous
managerial
experience,
you can say ‘In
my previous
role as (Sales
Manager), I
led a team of
(four people).’
my CV
CV in
support of
of
Please find
find attached my
in support
application for the
my application
the position of Customer
Service Assistant.I
my
Assistant. I have just completed my
and am
am keen to
degree in Business Studies and
gain hands-on
hands-on33 experience
experience in
area.
gain
in this
this area.
During
to study
During my
my course
courseII chose
chose to
study several
several
modules
finance, as
modules on
on banking
banking and
and finance,
asII have
have
always been interested
interested in
in working in
in this
this
field
addition,II have worked as
asaa partfield4.. In addition,
time
time sales assistant ina
in a large department
store for
last two
has given
given
store
for the
the last
two years.
years. This
This has
me valuable
customer-facing55 experience,
me
valuable customer-facing
experience, as
well as
as developing
developing good
good communication
communication skills
skills
well
and the rest of the
both with customers and
the
team.I
am aa team
player66 and
andII am
am keen
keen
team. I am
team player
to
develop my
my career
career and
and gain
gain managerial
managerial
to develop
experience77 in
experience
in the
the future.
future.
Thank
Thank you
you fortaking
for taking the
the time
time to
to consider
this
and II look forward
this application and
forward to
to
hearing from
from you.
you.
Yours
Yours faithfully’
faithfully8
Rebecca
Rebecca White
White
12
12
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Be sure to
specify the
job you are
applying for at
the beginning
of the letter.
It is important
to mention
any relevant
experience
you have, to
show your
suitability for
the role. If you
can, provide
examples of
specific projects
you have
carried out.
[done]
1
aa letter sent witha
with a job
calledaa
application (also called
22
covering letter)
how
how you starta a letter
when youdo
notknow
you do not
know the
the
name oftheperson
of the person you
you
are writing to
* 3 practical, direct (not
theoretical)
theoretical)
44
area of business or activity
5
dealing directly with
customers
6
aa person who
at
who is good at
working with others
77
experience of managing
other people
8
how you
how
you finisha
finish a letter
when youdo
notknow
you do not
know the
the
name oftheperson
of the person you
you
are writing to
Exercises
3.1
3.1
B.
Match the two
two parts of these business collocations fromAA and B.
11 healthcare
2 2 team
33 Yours
44 competitive
55 challenging
66 communication
7 7 online
8 8 lead
99 career
10 cover
10
3.2
3.2
aa faithfully
bb prospects
cc plan
dd aa team
ee application
ff role
gg letter
hh player
i skills
j j salary
orBB witha
Replace the underlined words witha
with a word orphrase
or phrase fromAA or
with a similar meaning.
11 You don’t
don't need to
to have done this job
job before.
22 As
my new
new job,I
by the company.
As part of my
job, I get
get meals partly paid for
for by
33 It’s
It's really important to make your application look different from all the
the others.
4 4 Working in the
me some direct experience of manufacturing.
the factory over the summer gave me
55 I’m
I'm hoping to work in the
the area of automotive manufacturing.
66 Prism Consulting has
hasaa number of
ofpositions
positions available for graduates.
77 The
ad said the
The ad
the company will provide all the
the training you
you need.
88 You
ledaa team before.
You should only apply forthe
for the job if you
you have led
99 The
isn't great, but
but they offer an
an attractive set of other advantages.
The salary isn’t
3.3
3.3
atAA and B.
B.Fill
inthese
andaa suitable
Look at
Fill the
the gaps in
these sentences, usingaa word from the box and
preposition.
carried
passion
relevant
reported
role
suitable
support
11 I I am
am sending my
my CV
CV in ........................... my
my application for the
the position of sales team leader.
2 2 I I have
haveaa ........................... sales.
3 3 Jakob’s
Jakob's experience is more ........................... the
Sylvana's.
the job
job than Sylvana’s.
4 4 In my
my previous ........................... Sales Representative,
Representative,I I ........................... the
the Sales Manager.
55 While working asaa Customer Service Assistant,I
Assistant, I also ........................... some research projects for the
the
marketing department.
66 He
He only has
has66 months’
months' experience as
asaa trainee.I
don't think that makes him ........................... the
trainee. I don’t
the job
job
of quality manager.
of
3.4
3.4
Answer these questions.
11 What do we
calla a job
we call
job which deals directly with the customers?
22 How
How can we
we describe someone who
who works well with other people?
33 How
How should you
you starta
start a letter to
to someone whose name youdon't
you don’t know?
44 What four other words can be used instead of
of‘job’
an advertisement?
‘job’ in an
55 How
How can
can we
describeaa working environment which is busy and
and rapidly changing?
we describe
3.5
3.5
Over to
to you
Over
Find a job ad that you are interested in and write an example cover letter in English.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
13
13
44
Job interviews
Job
A
Preparing forinterviews
for interviews
When companies
recruiting1, they
they often
of criteria2 (e.g.
three years
years of
When
companies are
arerecruiting*,
often have
haveaa set
setofcriteria
(e.g. three
of
experience
the field,
field, or
degree in
which they
they use
to find
find the
the most
experience in
in the
ora a degree
ina a relevant
relevant area)
area) which
use to
most suitable
suitable
candidates.
you are
shortlisted33 for
for an
you do
your homework
first:
candidates. IfIf you
are shortlisted
an interview,
interview, make
make sure
sure you
do your
homework first:
you can about the company, its products, markets, competitors,
find out
out as
as much as
asyoucanabout
competitors, etc.
IfIf you
you can,
friend to
to do
trial run
with you.
you. This
This will
will help
your confidence.
can, ask
askaa friend
doaa trial
run44 with
help boost
boost55 your
confidence.
The interview
people], probably
your future
future
The
interview may
may be
be conducted
conducted by
byaa panel
panel [a group of
ofpeople],
probably including
including your
line
forget to
to make
eye contact with
with all
the interviewers
while you
you are
talking.
line manager
manager66.. Don’t
Don't forget
make eyecontact
all the
interviewers while
are talking.
As you
you arrive
for the
the interview,
Give a firm
firm handshake
As
arrive for
interview, body
body language
language77 is
is important.
important. Givea
handshake and
and
speak
up.8. This will help to create
createaa good first
impression.
speak up
first impression.
11
hiring (new staff) 2 2 requirements you
you use to makeaa decision 33 selected froma
from a larger group 44aa practice
55
66
new
the
foryour
of something new
improve or increase
the person who
who is directly responsible for
your work 77 physical
8
arefeeling
speak (more) loudly and
and clearly
movements which show how you
you are
feeling
B
an interview
During an
These are
areexamples
ofthings
ataa job
examples of
things that might be said at
job interview.
A:
can you
us through*
A: So, can
you talk
talk us
through1 your CV?
B:
Well, I studied Engineering and
B: Well,I
and then tookaa job asaa trainee22 at F3
Telecom.
A: I’d
I'd like to
ask about opportunities for
to ask
for professional devetopment
development33..
4
B: We
in-house4training
new recruits
recruits'.5.
B:
We haveaa very good in-house
training programme for
for new
Can you
an example of
ofhow
Can
you give us an
how you've
you’ve worked well under pressure?
How would your colleagues/
How
colleagues / your supervisor‘
supervisor6 describe you?
I'm keen to take
on77 more responsibility.
I’m
take on
We’re looking to fill the
the post
you are
A: We're
post’8 fairly quickly. If you
are successful,
how soon could you
how
you start?
period’9 on
my present job is just two
B: The
The notice period
on my
two weeks, soI
so I could
start very soon.
11
tell us
us about in more detail 2 2a a person
who
learningaa new
new job
who is learning
job 33 training given
to employees to increase their knowledge or
or
skills 4 4 within the company 55 people who
who
have just joined (the company) 66 the
the person
who
who checks your work 77 start to
to have 8 find
someone todo
to do thejob
the job 9 time you
you need to
work in yourjob
your job after you
you have officially told the
the
areleaving
company you are
leaving
C AA job
job offer
offer
Real
Reply
Forward
Forward
Dear Mr
Mr Malton,
Malton,
Dear
Thank
We very
Thank you
you forattending
for attending the
the interview last week.
week. We
very much enjoyed meeting you.We
you. We aredelighted
are delighted to
to oPer
offer you
you
the
position of
ofTrainee
Programmer. We
believe your
experience will
be an
an ideal
ideal fit
We believe
the job.
job.
the position
Trainee Programmer.
your qualifications
qualifications and
and experience
will be
fit for'
for1 the
paid leave
Ieave33)) and
reporting
Please review the
the attached
attached document outlining
outlining22 your
your salary,
salary, benefits (including paid
and reporting
4
structure*,
and
sign
where
indicated.
Return
the
document
within
five
business
days.
Once
have received
received the
structure , and sign where indicated. Return the document within five business days. Once we
we have
the
paperwork, we
we will contact you
you to arrange your start date.
We
our team.
We look forward to welcoming you as
as part of our
Kind regards
Melanie Stephens
11
22
14
14
very suitable for
giving an
an overview of
of
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
33
time off you
are paid for, such as holiday or parental leave
you are
who you
you report to
° 4 company structure and
and who
Exercises
4.1
4.1
atAA and fill in
in the
Look at
the tips fora
for a successful interview.
11 Before the interview, .......................... your ..........................: : find out
out as
as much as
asyoucanabout
you can about the
company and prepare answers to common interview questions.
22 If you
doaa .. .. .. .. ... ... .... toto practise how
how you
you can, do
you will answer theinterview
the interview questions.
33 You
createaa good .......................... with the interviewers.
interviewers. Dress smartly and
and professionally.
You need to
to create
4 4 Remember that your .......................... also plays an
an important part. Don’t
Don't forget to smile! This will
and might actually .......................... your confidence too.
make youseem
you seem more friendly, and
5 5 Make sure you
you greet your interviewer witha
with a ........................... . Make .......................... when youtalk
you talk to
them —
– look at them directly.
6 6 During the interview, describe all your relevant education and
and experience to show how you
fulfil all the
the .......................... for
for the
the job.
4.2
4.2
andBB to
Choose the correct word fromAA and
to complete the sentences.
11 I’m
I'm afraid you'll
up// eye up
Ipl/ head up.
up.II can
can hardly hear what you're
you’ll have tospeak
to speak up
you’re saying.
22 We
Iakingl / recruiting
Iecruitingl / searching people forour
new branch in the
We are taking
for our new
the city centre.
33 If wewe can’t
can't fill
Iilll / fulfilf / supply the post internally, we'll
externally.
we’ll have to advertise externally.
4 4 IflfI I get
new job,I
Ipl/ over
Iverl/ on
on more responsibility, but
butI I will get
geta a
get the
the new
job, I will have totake
to take up
salary increase.
55 I I don’t
don't like working under
underIressurel
force.II end
end up
up making mistakes.
pressure / under Itressl
stress / by
by force.
66 As
ofreporting
Ievelopmentl/ notice period,
As part of the
the programme of
reporting Itructurel
structure / professional development
we
on project management.
we would like to
to invite you
you toa
to a session on
4.3
4.3
C.
Rewrite the following sentences using expressions from A,
A,BB and C.
11 Could you
us about your previous experience in this field?
you tell us
2 2 I I think we
eive the
She seems perfectly suited to the
we should give
the job
job to Ruth. She
the team.
33 Employees are
areentitled
days' holiday.
entitled to 30
30 days’
4 4 The
eroup of
of interviewers will include your future line manager.
The group
55 They just called me
me to sayI
(asone
ofthe
say I have been chosen (as
one of
the best candidates) foran
for an interview.
4.4
4.4
atBB and
andCC opposite. There is one
ineach
ofthese
Look at
one mistake in
each of
these sentences.
Correct the mistakes.
11 Please find attached
attachedaa document overviewing your working conditions.
the leaving period can
six months.
22 In some companies the
can be
be as much as
assix
going to be working asaa superior, in charge of
33 I’m
I'mgoing
ofaa team of
of44 people.
The company doesn’t
44 The
doesn't do
do any
any in-office training. It’s
It's all done externally.
externally.
for the new
5 5 My
My begin date forthe
new job is
is1 1 July.
6 6 I’m
I'maa trainer accountant.
accountant.I I haven’t
haven't passed my
my qualifying exams yet.
4.5
4.5
Over to you
• • What do you do before
beforeaa stressful situation
situation to boost your confidence?
•• Would you rather have
haveaa lot of paid leave or
oraa higher salary?
• • Do
Do you
Or do
you work better under pressure? Or
do you
you prefer to have more time?
•• Do
Do you
Or do
do you
you enjoy taking on
on extra responsibility? Or
you find it stressful?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
15
5
At work: colleagues and routines
A
Colleagues
Fl
my opposite
number11iin
Philip is my
opposite number
thecompany's
New York office. We
the company’s New
We
haveaa good working relationship22
have
and there'sa
and
there’s a lot of day-today
aving aa
day collaboration 3..HHaving
counterpart44 like Philip in another branch isa a great
we got
gotaa new boss, who
support. Last month we
who quickly
establishedaa good rapport55 with everyone. She
She
established
us to
initiative.6. The
likes us
to take the initiative
The company is very
hierarchical7;there'sa
; there’s a pecking order’
order8 foreverything.
for everything.
9
II do
doa a job-share’
job-share witha
with a woman called Rose, which suits
us as
as we
My office
us
we each have childcare responsibilities. My
soI I sit in
ina a different place
usesaa hot-desking110 system, so
11
my workmates
outside of
every day.I
day. I socialise with my
workmates11
12
12
work, but we
not to talk shop
we try not
shop on those occasions.
B
During the day
day (different work patterns)
11
has the same position
position/ / does thesamejobasme
has
the same job as me
way ofcommunicating
and working together
of communicating and
33
working together to achieve shared goals
44
more formal equivalent of opposite number
55
/ra'po:/
/ræˈpɔː/ communication/relationship
6
make decisions without being told what todo
to do
77
/,haia'ra:kikol/
hasa a structure with important
/ˌhaɪəˈrɑːkɪkəl/ has
and less important people
and
8
aa system where some people have the right to
get
to get
benefits/promotions before others
9
an agreement where two people each share the
an
same job
job
‘100aa policy of sharing desks in an
an office, so
so people
at whichever desk is free on
ona a particular day
sit at
day
111
‘ colleagues you
you are friendly with (especially in
non-professional occupations); informal
22
12
12
talk about work; informal
II do
do fairly mundane
mundane*1 tasks. Occasionally
OccasionallyII have to meetaa deadline22 or they need
3
someone tovolunteer
to volunteer for something. Then thejobis
the job is more rewarding44 and
and
5
stimulating . Sometimes
workload6 but
other times it can
"i§ stimulating.
SometimesII haveaa heavy workload‘
but at
atother
can be
be
quite light.
1
not interesting 22 have something finished by
byaa fixed day
day or time 33 offer to
ordinary, not
to do
do something without
44
do it
being asked or told to do
making you feel satisfied that you
you have done something important or useful, or
or
new ideas or new
new thinking 66 amount of
ofworkI
do
done something well 55 encouraging new
work I have to do
II start work at
atmy
atseven
I'mon
onthedayshift.
my machine at
seven o'clock
o’clock when I’m
the day shift. The
The job's
job’s
mechanical*1 and
and repetitive22.AllI
o'clock.
mechanical
. All I ever think about is knocking off33 at three o’clock.
The
and work till six in the
The shiftI
shift I hate most is the
the night shift.I
shift. I start at ten
ten and
the morning.
It'sa a bit monotonous
monotonous44.It's
not a a satisfying55 job
It’s
. It’s not
job —I
– I feelI
feel I need somethingaa bit more
6
“
challenging.
challenging .
.
11
you
don't have tothink
aredoing
day
you don’t
to think about what you are
doing 22 the same thing is repeated every day
finishing work; informal 44 boring because it never changes 5 (does not) make me
me feel pleased
orwant
my ability or
determination
by providing whatI
what I need or
want 66 that tests my
or determination
33
II haveaa pretty glamorous1 job. I’m
I'maa pilot. But
But the
and anti-social
anti-social*.2.
the hours are irregular and
33
4
I'm not
not stuck behind
behindaa desk ,but
bea a bit mind-numbing
mind-numbing4;
I’m
, but long-haul flights can
can be
; most
5
ofthetime
schedutes .But
of the time the plane just flies itself. We
We work tovery
to very tight schedules
. ButI I shouldn't
shouldn’t
complain.I I feel sorry for people who
arestuck
rut‘6 or who
complain.
who are
stuck ina a rut
who are in dead-end’jobs.
dead-end7 jobs.
11
very exciting, which everyone admires 22 do
do not enable one
one to have
haveaa normal social life
or severely limited timetables
desk all day; informal 44 extremely boring 55 very strict or
6
stuck/trapped in
ina a job
no prospects of promotion
job they can't
can’t escape from 77 with no
-*
technician1. After retraining,
II started off as
asa a technician*.
retraining,II worked fora a software company, and laterII
22
in with aa friend and
we formed our own
own software company as
went inwith
and we
asaa start-up33 in 2009,
4
so
freelance : he
so now
now I’m
I'm self-employed. My
My husband is freelance4:
he works for several different
companies as
as and when they need work done –— he’s
he'sa a computer programmer
programmed.5.
11
or electrical equipment
person whose jobinvolves
job involves practical work with scientific or
has just started ^ 4 or works freelance
partnership with 33aa small business that has
computer programs
16
3 3 sitting at
ata a
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
22
formeda
formed a business
5
someone who
who writes
Exercises
5.1
5.1
inthis
Correct seven mistakes in
this paragraph.
|
REAL WORKERS, REAL STORIES
more stories about
I’m a tecnician in a factory. I think I have a good work relationship
with my colleagues. I tried to establish a good report with them from
the very beginning. The person I like most is my opposite member in
our office in Paris. My boss likes me to make the initiative. Generally,
when I socialise with my jobmates outside of work, we try not to talk
about shop, but it’s not easy and sometimes we have a good gossip
about colleagues and events at work.
5.2
5.2
and right-hand columns to make pairs of sentences.
Match the left and
11 We
often
Q
We oft
en work together.
22 The firm's
hierarchical.
Q
firm’s rather hierarchical.
33 Peter’s
Peter's my
my counterpart.
counterpart.
Q
4 4 We
Q
We work to
toaa tight schedule.
55 I I don’t
don't think I’ll
I'll be
be promoted before her. Q
66 Jess and
andI I work half-and-half.
5.3
5.3
aa There are
are several levels of management.
bb Deadlines have to be met.
cc It’s
It'sa a job-share.
job-share.
dd Collaboration
Collaboration is
isa a good thing.
e e We
do the
We do
the same jobbuthe's
job but he’s based in Rome.
f f There's
There’saa strict pecking order in the
the company.
Use words and phrases from the opposite page to complete these sentences.
Use
11 AA good friend suggested we
upaa small company together, soI
her and
and wewe
we set
set up
so I ........................... her
formedaa ........................... in 2012.
formed
22 I’m
I'm really tired; I’ve
I've had
had a a very heavy ........................... recently.
3 3 I I don’t
don't want an off
office
don't want tospend
day stuck ........................... .
ice job.I
job. I don’t
to spend all day
4 4 I’d
I'd hate to feel trapped in my
my job
and to
be stuck in
in. .. .. ... .. ...... .. ... .
job and
to be
5 5 I I work fordifferent
atdifferent
me. I’m
I'm ........................... .
for different companies at
different times as it suits me.
6 6 I I used to work forsomeone
but now
now I’m
I'm my
my own
own boss; I’m
I'm. .. ...... .. ... .. .. ... .
for someone else, but
7 7 I I stopped working in the
suchaa dead ........................... .
the hamburger restaurant. It was
was such
8 8 WhenI
allII could think of all day
day was
When I was
was working in the
the factory, all
was the
the moment whenI
when I could knock
.
99 Beingaa hospital nurse is
isa a good job, but
but you
can't go
go out
out much with friends. The
you can’t
The hours areaa bit
.. (two possible answers)
meansI I don't have my
my own
can keep
10 I I find ........................... annoying, because it means
own desk whereI
where I can
things at work.
5.4
5.4
Choose adjectives from the
the box todescribe
to describe the jobs below. You
You can
can use more than one for
for
each job. Add
Add other adjectives of your own.
glamorous
mundane
stimulating
challenging
repetitive stressful monotonous
mind-numbing
rewarding
11 assembly-line worker in
ina a car
car factory
22 supermarket shelf stacker
3 3 public relations off
officer
ina a multinational company
icer in
44 bodyguard toaa celebrity
5 5 surgeon
5.5
5.5
varied
mechanical
66 lifeguard
lifeguard on
on aa beach
77 receptionist at
ataa dentist’s
dentist's
88 private detective
99 refuse collector in
ina a city
10 night-security guard
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Write down words from this unit that relate to
do in
to your job, or toa
to a job
job you
you would like to
to do
the future.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
17
66
At work: job satisfaction
at
A
of job satisfaction
Aspects ofjob
What does job
and fulfils you]
1s it just
job satisfaction
satisfaction mean? [[aa feeling that yourjob
your job is worth doing and
you] Is
Can aa run-ofhavingaa pleasant workplace or
or is it more than that? [[the
the place where you work]
work] Can
the-mill
be satisfying? [[ordinary,
not special or exciting]
the-mill job
job be
ordinary, not
exciting]
up witha
or unpleasant job if it means short-term
Some people are prepared to put up
with a stressful or
financial
reward. [[immediate;
long-term]] [[money
gained]]
financial reward.
immediate; opp. =-- long-term
money gained
announcedaa freeze on
on pay
pay rises. [[amount
of
Staff morale has been very low since the
the company announced
amount of
bya a person or group
group]]
confidence felt by
Our new
new manager is very keen to encourage teamwork tohelp
Our
to help us solve problems. [[working
working
together for
purpose]]
foraa common purpose
change]]
Is job
job stability more motivating than an exciting, high-risk career? [[not
not likely to
to change
After working in the
Sam has
has decided to look for
the fast-moving fashion industry for six years, Sam
foraa
work-life balance.
balance. [[developing
quickly]] [[the
oftime
career witha
with a better work–life
developing or changing very quickly
the amount of
time
spent working compared totheamount
enjoy]]
to the amount oftime
of time spent doing things you
you enjoy
Daniel's job
ina a dynamic new
new company is often challenging but exciting. [[continuously
Daniel’s
job in
continuously
developing]]
developing
her current job
Chloe is demotivated in her
job following recent changes in the
the finance sector. [[feeling
feeling
enthusiastic about work]
She is looking to work in
in
// seekingaa career in
in something more
less enthusiastic
work] She
creative, like marketing.
Language help
The
has some words with similar meanings connected to work. It is
isa a good idea to learn
The text has
them in pairs, e.g. fast-moving and
and dynamic (industry/profession), seekinga
...
seeking a career in …
and looking to work in....
say look to, meaning consider or plan, NOT
NOT look far.)
and
in … . (Note: we
we say
for.)
B
Expressions connected with working life
areallowed maternity leave, and
and men
men paternity leave, if they're
In many countries, women are
they’re having
aa baby. If they adoptaa child, they may
may have
haveaa right to
to adoption leave. [[time
time away from work toprepare
to prepare
for and
and look afteraa new
new baby// adopted child
child]]
What perks (informal)
(informal)/ / (extra) benefits (formal) do
do you
you get
get in your job? [[extra
extra things apart from salary,
e.g.a a car, health insurance]
insurance]
e.g.
What's
holiday entitlement?I
get four weeksa
What’s your holiday
entitlement? I get
weeks a year. [[number
number ofdays
of days you
you have the right to take
holiday]]
as holiday
Do you
get regular salary increments
increments each year? [[increases/rises;
formal}] Do
Do you
performance-related
Do
you get
increases/rises; formal
you get performance-related
how well you
do yourjob]
Do you
an annual
annual bonus?
bonus? [[extra
pay rises? [[depending
depending on
on how
you do
your job] Do
you get an
extra money paid onceaa
year, usually based on
on good performance
performance]]
overworked and
and underpaid.
underpaid. (often said together as an
an informal, humorous
Most people think they are overworked
fixed expression)
ofthe
Because of
the recession, the
the company announced that there would have to
to be voluntary/
compulsory redundancies.
redundancies. [[people
by offering to do
do so
so/ / having no
no choice]
compulsory
people losing their jobs, by
choice]
During the strike, the
the airport managed tocontinue
to continue running witha
with a skeleton staff of volunteers.
volunteers.
operating]]
[[the
the minimum number ofworkers
of workers needed to
to keep operating
The
on the interview panel at
atthe
The people on
the last job
jobI I applied forwere
for were so unfriendly thatI
that I got
got very
nervous. [[the
for
aa job]
nervous.
the group of
of people interviewing someone for
job]
18
18
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
6.1
6.1
Rewrite these sentences by using words and phrases from theopposite
the opposite page instead of
the
the underlined words.
11 Do
Do you enjoy working as part ofaa team?
22 I I don’t
don't think that earning
earningaa lot of money is the
key to
satisfaction.
the key
to job
job satisfaction.
3 3 Would you feel nervous giving
givingaa presentation
presentation toa
eroup of
of people at
at interview?
to a group
44 Sales staff are
are often paid extra money each year when they perform well.
6.2
6.2
on the opposite page which mean theopposite
Find expressions on
the opposite of the underlined words
or phrases.
or
11 aa very unusual, exciting job
job
22 aa person who
hiehly motivated
who is highly
33 aa rather static and
and slow-moving profession
44 aa drop in salary
55 compulsory redundancy
6.3
6.3
66 aa full staff of workers
77 someone who
hasaa light
lieht workload and
and is paid
who has
aa lot
8 8 an
an automatic pay rise each year
Choose the best word orphrase
or phrase to complete each sentence.
11 Rafael has
has done thesamejobfor
and his
hisjob
be secure until he
he retires. For
For
the same job for thelast
the last fifteen years and
job will be
Rafael,job
Rafael,
job stability ljob
/ job satisfaction is very important.
22 Kate hasaa good workplacel/ work–life
work—life balance. She
She never works late and
and she
she often finds time to relax
go to the
with her family or go
the cinema in the
the evening.
33 After graduating from Manchester University, Dan
Dan started work in the
the run-of-the-milll
run-of-the-mill / fast-moving film
industry.
4 4 Amyjoined
Ionusl/ long-term career prospects they offered. It would be hard work
Amy joined thelawfirm
the law firm forthe
for the bonus
but she
for the
the first few
few years, but
she could later becomeaa senior partner.
6.4
6.4
inthese
Each sentence in
these pairs of sentences containsa
contains a mistake. Correct them.
11 She was on mother leave for three months after the
her baby. Then her
herhusband
the birth of her
husband took
forthree
father leave for
three months.
22 Sarah has been on adapted leave since she
she and
and Brian welcomed their new
new two-year old
oldchild
child into their
hisjob,
heis
at home too.
family. Brian tookvolunteer
took volunteer redundancy from his
job, which means he
is at
3 3 My
My holiday titlement is four weeksa
my place forwork
weeks a year. The
The atmosphere in my
for work is very pleasant,
so I’m
I'm happy.
so
44 WhenI
When I applied forthe
for the job,I
job, I was
was looking forjoina
for join a dynamic team. However, the interview jury gave
interest.
an impression of complete boredom and lack of interest.
5 5 The
had to operate witha
had been
beenaa large
The factory had
with a skeletal staff during the economic crisis. There had
ofcompulsive
number of
compulsive redundancies.
66 I I get
get some good parks in my
my new
new job.I
getaa company car
carand
job. I get
and free health security.
6.5
6.5
0ve r to
to you
Over
• • What does job satisfaction
satisfaction mean toyou?
to you?
•• Do
Do you think financial reward is more important than job stability or
or work—life
work–life balance?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
19
77
At work: careers
at
A A A career
career in
in sales
sales
When Carl left school, he
he took the first job
he was
He thought
job he
was offered –— in telesales*.
telesales1. He
22
telemarketing sounded quite glamorous but soon found that most of
ofthepeople
the people he phoned
and put
put the
hetried
hated cold calling33 and
the phone down when he
tried the
the hard sell44..However,
However, he persevered
and found he became quite skilled at persuading customers to part with their money
money55.He
and
. He then
66
intoaa job
onaa TV
specialised in selling merchandise
merchandise77 for
moved into
job on
TV shopping channel ,where
, where he specialised
for
the
He did so well at this that he
he set up
up his own
own sportswear company and hasn’t
hasn't
the leisure market. He
back’8 since.
looked back
11 2 2
55
33
66
+ + selling or
or marketing goods and services by
by phone
requestedaa call in
phoning people who
who have not requested
order to try to sell them something
or
4 4 attempt to sell something by being very forceful or
persuasive
B
spend money
a a TV
TV channel devoted to selling products
77pproducts
and sold
roducts that are bought and
8
has moved forward successfully
has
and selling
Buying and
the ability they have to
to buy goods, i.e. the
the amount ofmoney
of money they
A A person’s
person's purchasing power is the
have available.
If you
you shop around, you
you trydifferent
try different companies or
or shops to see which offers best value.
If you
you want tobuy
to buy something, you
you need tofinda
to find a shop that stocks it. [keepsa a supply of itit== keeps it in
stock]
in stock]
If you
you trade something up,
usually a car or
you buy
up,usuallya
oraa house, you
buy one
one that is of
of higher value than the one
one
you had
you
had before. (opp.
[opp. ——= trade down)
People sometimes make
on brand loyalty. [confidence in that particular
makeaa purchasing decision based on
make and
andaa tendency always to choose it]
it]
Supermarkets sometimes sell an
for less than it costs them in order to attract
an item forless
attractaa lot of people
into the
the shop, where they will also buy
buy more profitable items –— the item being sold ataa low
low price is
called
calledaa loss leader.
For
to sell its products, it has
to price them appropriately. [give thema
them a price]
Foraa company tosell
has to
price]
Ifa a company findsa
finds a niche market, it findsa
finds a specialised
customers with particular interests
specialised group of
ofcustomers
meet.
that that company can
canmeet.
If an
an item is said to come/go under the hammer, it is sold at an
an auction. [sale of goods or
or property
the item is then sold to the highest bidder
where people make gradually increasing bids and theitem
bidder]]
C A A career in
in business
AA few years ago
ago Tina started her
her own
be
own software development business, which turned out to be
very lucrative1.However,
irritated by
by all the
red tape22 involved in the
. However, she got increasingly irritated
the red
the
ofaa business and
and whenaa larger company contacted her witha
administration33 of
with a proposition44,,
55
suggestingaa takeover ,she
, she was
was interested. At first, the
the two
two companies could not agree on
on all the
the
butthey
details of the
the agreement but
they managed toreacha
to reach a compromise
compromise66 and hammer out
outaa deal7
without too much delay. In many ways Tina was
sad that her company had been swallowed up
up’8
was sad
10
9
10
butshehasused
by the
assets’ to invest in aa business
but
she has used the money raised by
the sale of her capital assets
11
start-up“:
an online holiday property letting agency
agency‘122..
start-up
: an
11
77
22
8
producingaa lot of money
producing
bureaucracy (negative)
33
and arrangement ofoperations
organisation and
of operations
44 formal offer
5
agreement in which one company takes control of
another
one (compare
which two
two
another one
(compare with
with merger,
merger, in
in which
companies join together to become one company)
66
come toan
to an agreement in which both sides reduce
their demandsaa little
20
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
talk in detail until
untila a business agreement is made
taken over by
byaa larger company
9
and machines owned by
byaa company
buildings and
110
’ put
putmoney
money into
11
new company
new
a business organising the rental of holiday houses
and flats
112
2a
Exercises
7.1
7.1
Match the two
two parts of these business collocations from theopposite
the opposite page.
11 loss
22 capital
33 purchasing
44 shopping
55 hard
66 letting
7 7 brand
88 niche
9 9 red
red
7.2
7.2
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
aa agency
bb channel
cc leader
dd tape
ee power
f f loyalty
gg assets
hh sell
i market
atAA and
andBB opposite. Fill the
inthese
Look at
the gaps in
these sentences.
11 AA world-famous painting will go
go ........................... the
the hammer in London tomorrow.
22 It’s
It'sa a sensible idea to shop ...........................a a bit before buying
buyingaa computer.
33 Sally made theright
her old job
and set up
up her own
own business —– she
she hasn’t
hasn't
the right decision when shequit
she quit her
job and
day it opened.
the day
looked ........................... since the
44 I I don’t
don't mind tryinga
on a a person who
who has already expressed
expressed an
an interest in our
our products,
trying a hard sell on
butI I hate ........................... calling.
but
5 5 It can
be quite hard to persuade my
my dad
dad to ........................... with his money.
can be
66 I’m
I'mgoing
makeaa ........................... for
up for
going to make
for the
the dining table that is up
for auction tomorrow.
77 My
My current job
day on
on the
job is in . . . . . .. .I I spend all the
the day
the phone.
88 They produce special clothes for
for people who
who practise yoga and have really cornered this
..........
market.
99 The
shopII went todidn't
printerII wanted so I’m
I'mgoing
The shop
to didn’t ........................... the
the printer
going to order it online.
7.3
7.3
Replace the underlined words witha
with a word orphrase
or phrase fromC
from C witha
with a similar meaning.
11 As their business interests were quite different, it took thema
them a long time to come toan
to an agreement.
22 If you
and export business, you
had better be
be prepared for
foraa lot
to go into the
the import and
you had
you want togo
bureaucracy.
of bureaucracy.
33 At the moment they are discussing the possibility of buying
buyine up
up another company.
44 Sportswear is
isa a very profitable business to be
be in at
at the
the moment.
55 Banks will only lend
lendaa new
new business money if they have
haveaa realistic business plan.
66 A A number of
ofsmall
the last
small companies have been taken over by that huge multinational in the
six months.
77 Hassan has made
madeaa rather interesting suggestion
sueeestion about setting up
upaa business together.
88 Chloe is much better at the
organisation involved in
the creative side of business than the organisation
runningaa company.
running
7.4
7.4
Choose the best word tocomplete
to complete each sentence.
we’ll be
reach a compromise when we meet tomorrow.
11 I I hope we'll
be able to keepf/ reacha
22 I I think those new
new games consoles are Iriced
pricedl/ purchased too high at the moment.
hoping to sell
33 The shops are
arehoping
sella a lot of
of capital assetsf / merchandise connected with the
royal wedding.
44 My
My sports car was
was so expensive to run thatI
that I decided to trade it downf/ up for
for something
much cheaper.
since she
55 Helga has never looked backf/ out
outsince
she started her own
own business ten years ago.
66 There'sa
upaa new
new business.
There’s a lot of loss leaderf/ red tape involved in setting up
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
21
Describing people: positive and
negative qualities
8
A
and personality
Character and
Chinese astrology
astrology organises
organises years
into cycles
cycles of
12, and
and asserts
asserts that
are born
born in
inaffects
Chinese
years into
of 12,
that the
the year
year you
you are
affects
your
character. Each
Each year
is named
named aft
after
an animal.
animal.
your character.
year is
er an
animal
year
RAT
1972, 1984,
1996, 2008
11
characteristics
RABBIT
1975, 1987,
1999, 2011
DRAGON
1976, 1988,
2000, 2012
SNAKE
1977, 1989,
2001, 2013
HORSE
1978, 1990,
2002, 2014
GO/
GOAT
1979, 1991,
2003, 2015
MONKEY
1980, 1992,
2004, 2016
ROOSTER
1981, 1993,
2005, 2017
DOG
1982, 1994,
2006, 2018
using situations for own
own benefit
systematic, careful
33
too patriotic
too
44
become tooexcited
too excited and
and lose control
55
ready to help
conservative, methodical22,conscientious,
, conscientious,
66
chauvinistic^,a
chauvinistic3, a born leader
not caring about serious things
77
not confident, uncertain about your own
own
abilities
sensitive, emotional, tends to get carried
8
not satisfied
someone who
who is not
satisfied if things are
4
away
, stubborn, rebellious, courageous
away4,
not 100% perfect
9
offend
inclined to say
say things that upset or off
end
affectionate,
obliging’,5, sentimental,
aff
ectionate, obliging
people
77
6
superficial^,
often
superficial , oft
en insecure
110
’ understanding instinctively
88
11
11
fun-loving, popular,
popular,aa perfectionist ,,
hard-working
12
gifted,
may sometimes be tactless’
gift
ed, may
tactless9
calm, does not
not easily become excited or
angry
charming, intuitive110,, stingy
‘133 personality that attracts people to you
you
‘144 not
nottrusting,
trusting, suspicious of others
diligent",
placid'122,,
diligent11, independent, placid
‘155 having good judgement
outgoing, can
be selfish and
and cunning
can be
16
“gives
gives help or encouragement
7
oruses
spends too much money or
uses too much
elegant, artistic, always ready to complain, ‘17
ofsomething
of
something
over-anxious
18
"practical
and sensible
practical and
witty, magnetic personality
personality‘133,good
, good
19
"thinking
ofothers
thinking
of
others rather than yourself
company, can be distrustful*
distrustful144
20g
20
loomy
gloomy
16
221
supportive*‘,
industrious, shrewd*’,
shrewd15, supportive
,
‘ inclined to speak in
ina a severe and
and critical way
way
7
17
22
22
decisive, extravagant‘
extravagant
without enough experience of life, trusting
too easily
too
down-to-earth*’,
morose220,,
down-to-earth18, altruistic119’,, morose
sharp-tongued2211
1983,1995,
1983,
1995,
2007, 2019
22 often
intellectual, tolerant, naive
intellectual,
, often
naive22
materialistic
materialistic
BUFFALO
TIGER
1973, 1985,
1997, 2009
1974, 1986,
1998, 2010
PIG
PIG
B
imaginative, charming, generous, quicktempered, opportunistic*
opportunistic1
22
Positive and
and negative associations
how you
ofyourself?
be me!
me!
Charming, generous —– is that how
you think of
yourself? Selfish, cunning -– that can't
can’t be
Some words
inthechart
above have
have positive
positive associations,
associations, others
others negative
negative ones.
ones. Here
Here are
aresome
Some
words in
the chart above
some
words
from the
chart, together
other words
some aspects
aspects of
of their
meaning. The
words from
the chart,
together with
with other
words that
that share
share some
their meaning.
The table
table
shows which
have positive
positive and
and which
have negative
negative associations.
associations.
shows
which have
which have
22
22
positive
negative
positive
negative
generous, unstinting
extravagant, immoderate
shrewd, astute
cunning, sly
resolute, dogged
stubborn, obstinate
sober, serious
morose, sullen
thrifty,
thrifty, frugal
stingy, parsimonious
witty, pithy
brusque, terse
diligent, industrious
work-obsessed, (a)
workaholic (noun)
tolerant, open-minded
open-minded
unprinciped,
unprincipled,
unscrupulous
idealistic,
idealistic, principled
principled
dogmatic, inflexible
chatty, talkative
verbose, garrulous
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
8.1
8.1
Read thecomments
the comments and then answer the
the questions.
I I wish Tatyana would calm
down and
and not
notget
get sooverso overexcited about things.
w
Alice can
can always be relied
upon tomake
to make theright
the right
decision.
decision.
Sophie is always so calm.
suchaa practical
Harry is such
and sensible person.
and
Andrey hasaa tendency to say
things that upset people.
11 Who
Who is placid?
22 Who
Who is down-to-earth?
8.2
8.2
I
Tom
his country is better
Tom thinks his
than any other country and
and
doesn't listen to
doesn’t
to reason.
33 Who
get carried away?
Who tends to get
44 Who
Who is often tactless?
55 Who
Who is shrewd?
6 6 Who
Who is chauvinistic?
Which colleagues does the speaker have
haveaa positive opinion of and
and whicha
which a negative one?
my boss, is very astute and
she can
can be
be very witty, but
butI I find her
her assistant, David,a a bit sullen and
and
‘Ellie, my
and she
obstinate. Julia, who
whoI I sit next to, isa a bit stingy and
and extremely work-obsessed.I I do
doa a lot of
of work with Marco,
who‘s
who’s very obliging, supportive and
and tolerant'
tolerant.’
8.3
8.3
letter(s) and
and
Fill the
the gaps with words from the
the opposite page. You
You are given the first letter(s)
inbrackets.
clues to the
the meaning in
brackets.
11 He’s
He's rather
ratheroo ............................ . He
He always tries to
use situations to his own
own advantage. (devious)
to use
22 She
She has
has an
anii ........................... approach to life rather thana
(instinctive)
than a rational one. (instinctive)
3 3 My
My father was
and m
m ........................... sort of person. (gloomy)
wasaa somewhat quick-tempered and
44 He
He was
wasaa very altruistic person, almost to the point of being
beingnn ............................ . (too trusting)
5 5 Aisha has
hasaa m
m ........................... personality.
personality. Everyone is drawn to
(attractive)
to her. (attractive)
6 6 Rob
Rob is
isa a very conscientious and
and m
m ........................... worker. (careful, systematic)
systematic)
77 I I find Eva
Evaaa bit bb........................... and
and rude. (speaks in
ina a quick and
and rude way)
88 She’s
She's fun-loving but
but she
she can
beaa bit ss........................... at
at times. (doesn’t
(doesn't care about serious things)
can be
9 9 I I think Max
Max is
isi i ............................ . (doesn’t
(doesn't have much confidence, not really sure of himself)
10 I’m
I'm always happy togo
outfor
She's such gg........................... cc............................ .
10
to go out
foraa meal with Kerstin. She’s
and entertaining to spend time with)
(pleasant and
11 She
She was
11
was very cc........................... in speaking out against corruption. (brave, unafraid to speak or act)
12 Owen’s
Owen'saa pp............................ . He’s
He's never happy if he
he doesn’t
doesn't get an
an A-grade in every test.
12
8.4
8.4
on the
Find adjectives on
the opposite page related to these abstract nouns.
11 altruism
22 parsimony
33 diligence
8.5
8.5
8.6
8.6
4 4 placidity
55 industriousness
66 rebellion
rebellion
7 7 distrust
88 terseness
99 naivety
10 unscrupulousness
The
inthe
aremore
informal contexts.
The adjectives you
you found in
the exercise above are
more common in
Giveaa synonym foreach
be used in
ininformal
Give
for each word that would be more likely to
to be
informal
situations (e.g.
(e.g.a a friendly, informal conversation). Use
Useaa dictionary if necessary.
0ve r to
to you
Over
Which adjectives from this unit could you
and your family
you use to describe you, your friends and
members?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
23
and
Describing people: appearance and
mannerisms
99
A
Adjectives
connected with
size, weight
and general
general appearance
appearance
Adjectives connected
with size,
weight and
She introduced
introduced me
me toa
who looked
looked very
serious. [thin in an
an attractive way]
She
to a tall,
tall, slender
slender woman
woman who
very serious.
He was
player. [unattractively thin and
and bony-looking]
bony-lookingj
He
was too
too scrawny
scrawny tobe
to beaa football
football player.
A A lanky
lanky teenager
in. [very tall and
and thin, and
and usually moving awkwardly]
awkwardly]
teenager walked
walked in.
A A gangling/gangly
gangling/gangly youth
approached him.
him. [tall, with long, thin arms and legs and
and rather awkward
youth approached
movements; often used of
of men
men and
and boys]
boysj
Recent studies
studies show
show that
an increasing
increasing number
number of
ofchildren
are obese.
obese. [very fat, in an
an unhealthy way]
Recent
that an
children are
She’s
the rather
woman wearing
wearing glasses
over there.
there. [with
men and
women]
She's the
rather stout
stout woman
glasses over
[witha a quite large, solid body; used of
ofmen
and womenj
My
wasaa stocky
stocky man
with big
My grandfather
grandfather was
man with
big hands
hands and
and broad
broad shoulders.
shoulders. [short and
and with
withaa body that is
wide across the shoulders and
and chest]
B
Aspects of appearance and
and complexion
Real
Reply
Forward
Hi Jessica,
Jessica,
Our old college mate, Rob
Rob Parsons! First thingI
he's really
Guess who
whoII bumped into the
the other day? Our
thing I noticed was
was he’s
bulked up
up11 (he
(heused
lean22 and wiry^,
didn't he?) but
but also
he still
unkempt44.Hissister
bulked
used to
to be so
so lean
wiry 3, didn’t
also that
that he
still looks so unkempt
. His sister
was
neveraa hair
hair out
out of
of place
place5 and
immaculate^6 clothes, remember? But
But they
was always
always the
the opposite —– never
and immaculate
they were
were
8
different in
in appearance
He has
hasaa rather
rather swarthy
swarthy7 complexion:
hissister's
more sallow
sallow’.
different
appearance too,
too, weren't
weren’t they?
they? He
complexion: his
sister’s was
was more
.
9
II must sayhe
lookedaa bit
bithaggard
He's probably working too hard. Anyway, how
how are
say he looked
haggard and
and exhausted too. He’s
are things
with you?
Beth
11
by gaining
increased in body size, especially by
more muscle
22
thin and
and healthy 33 thin but
but strong
4
° untidy, scruffy (the opposite would be smart or
or
neat,not exist)
neat; ‘kempt’ does not
C
55
and smart-looking
always well-dressed, neat and
in perfect condition, smart
77
dark-coloured, used about skin
8
yellowish
9
hisface
and tired
his
face looked ill and
66
Facial expression
A: What are
areyou
grinning at?
at?[givinga
you grinning
[giving a big smile]
icecream
B: You've
You’ve got ice
cream on your nose —– it looks so funny!
atthose
pouting forthe
an attractive way]
Look at
those models pouting
for the photographers! [positioning their lips in an
She said if her
her daughter doesn’t
doesn't get what she
shewants,
pouts forthe
her lips
She
wants, she pouts
for the rest of the
the day. [positions her
ina a look of annoyance]
in
You
don't have to
eat raw
raw garlic.
garlic.II happen tothink
it's delicious. [make an
You don’t
to grimace
grimace every timeI
time I eat
to think it’s
dislike]
expression of pain or strong dislike]
II arrived late and
and she
she just scowled
atme.
[gaveaa bad-tempered,
bad-tempered, angry look]
scowled at
me. [gave
He was
leering at us.
us.II felt very uncomfortable and
and wanted to
an unpleasant, sexually
He
was leering
to leave. [looking in an
interested way]
interested
D
Mannerisms and
and actions
actions
Mannerisms
for advice but
just shrugged
shoulders. [lifted his shoulders up
to show he
II asked
asked him
him foradvice
but he
he just
shrugged his
hisshoulders.
up and
and down toshow
he
didn’t
couldn’t answer]
didn't know or
orcouldn't
He
folded his
legs and
waited forme
for me to
to speak.
speak. [crossed one
He folded
his arms
arms and
and crossed
crossed his
hislegs
and waited
one arm
arm over the other
close to his body] [crossed
[crossed one
one leg over the other while sitting]
He
there twitching
twitching nervously
waited for
his interview. [suddenly making small movements]
He sat
sat there
nervously as
as he
he waited
forhisinterview.
movements]
She
the time.
time. It
She bites
bites her
her nails
nails all
all the
It drives
drives me
me crazy!
crazy!
She
clenched her
fist and
told him
to get
of the
the room
once. [closed her
anger]
She clenched
her fist
and told
him to
get out
out of
room at
atonce.
her hand tightly because of
ofanger]
He
just kept
tapping/drumming his
fingers on
the table,
table, looking
He just
kept tapping/drumming
hisfingers
on the
looking impatient.
impatient. [made quick, light
hitting movements]
24
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
9.1
9.1
Rewrite these sentences using words fromAA opposite instead of the
the underlined words.
11 She looks as if she
she needs
needsaa good meal; her body is so
so thin and
and bony.
bon .
22 Martha and
and David are both rather tall and
and thin individuals.
individuals.
3 3 Being extremely fat can
can have health risks.
4 4 A A very tall, thin
bony awkward-looking boy carried our
our bags forus.
thin, bony,
for us.
5 5 Her
Her new
new silk dress suited her thin frame.
66 AA short man
man with broad shoulders offered to lift the
the stone so we
we could look underneath.
77 That solid-looking
so id ookin woman on
onthe
Charlie's wife.
the left of
of the
the photo is Charlie’s
9.2
9.2
in the
inthe
Fill in
the gaps in
the sentences using words fromB
from B opposite.
11 Finn looked really ........................... after two
ofcamping
and his hair
two weeks of
camping —
– his clothes were dirty and
was
wasaa mess!
22 Leah always looks amazing —– she never has
hasaa ........................... out
out of
of place!
33 Alex has
has ...........................a a lot –— must be all that time he spends at
atthe
gym lifting weights!
the gym
44 Dan
Dan hasn’t
hasn't slept for three days —– he looks really tired and
and .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... ! !
9.3
9.3
these people doing?
What are
arethese
1
44
9.4
9.4
He’s folding his arms.
22
33
5
66
Answer these questions. Use
Useaa dictionary if necessary.
11 The
topout
arethey?
The verb to
pout has two
two meanings on theopposite
the opposite page. What are
they?
22 If someone scowls at you, how
how are they probably feeling?
3 3 What is the
betweenaa swarthy complexion and
andaa sallow complexion?
the difference between
44 When would you clench your fist?
5 5 When do people normally shrug their shoulders?
66 What might you
do with your fingers on
onaa table if you
you do
you were nervous or impatient?
77 In what situations do
do people typically (a) fold their arms, (b) cross their legs?
88 If someone is ‘lean and
and wiry’, which of
ofthese
these adjectives are true of them: thin, fat, healthy, weak,
ill-looking, strong?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
25
and
Describing people: personality and
character traits
10
A
B
Adjectives to describe people’s
people's personality or behaviour
word
meaning
example
impetuous
onaa sudden idea without
acts on
thinking first (often negative)
impulsive
can be
be
similar to impetuous, but can
ina a more positive way
used in
way
effusive
exaggerated expression of
gives exaggerated
pleasure, praise or gratitude
excitable
by things
easily excited by
She's so
so“impetuous;I
She’s
impetuous; I wish she would consider
things before acting.
him to give money to
His impulsive generosity led him
to
anyone who
who asked for help.
She always gives me
me such an effusive welcome
She
whenI
when I visit her.
He'saa very excitable child; he
he needs tocalm
He’s
to calm down.
pushy
pushy
always selfishly promoting your
own position or interests; informal
own
She's so pushy; it’s
it's typical of her
her to demand
demandaa pay
pay
She’s
and not
not care about the rest of us.
rise for herself and
self-conscious
nervous or uncomfortable
because you
you know what people
think about you or
oryour
your actions
well-balanced
and reasonable and
and showing
calm and
good judgement
taciturn
/'tasits:n/
/ˈtæsɪtɜːn/
reserved or says very little
negative)
(generally negative)
Freddie seemed self-conscious and
and uncomfortable
when he
he had
hadtomake
at
to make theannouncement
the announcement at
theparty.
the party.
The
The teacher said Maddy wasaa well-balanced
well-balanced child
who
got on
on well at school.
who got
He was
met him. He
He
He
wasa a bit taciturn whenI
when I first met
saidaa word.
hardly said
Sociability
Sociability
Chloe's such an introvert.
introvert. Her
Her brother Mark is so
so outgoing
outgoing and
and is such an extrovert.
Chloe’s
extrovert. Strange,
isn't it? [inward-looking and
and quiet] [energetic and
and friendly, finds it easy to be with others] [outward-looking,
isn’t
and sociable]
sociable]
energetic and
Mr Rogers is such
suchaa diffident
low self-esteem.
self-esteem. [lacks confidence]
confidence] [has
[hasaa
Mr
diffident man. He seems tohave
to have quite low
low opinion of himself]
low
aretraditionally
ofas
reserved. [not immediately sociable]
English people are
traditionally thought of
as rather reserved.
sociable]
Eva tends to be rather aloof.
aloof.II don’t
don't know if she's
and not
not sociable]
sociable]
Eva
she’s just shy. [unfriendly and
My aunt Annie can be very haughty
haughty and disdainful
but she's
and
My
disdainful at times, but
she’s lovely really. [unfriendly and
thinks herself better than others]
others] [does not believe others deserve respect]
I've always found Professor Mactoft very unapproachable,
unapproachable, but
but his
hiscolleague
O'Daly is very
I’ve
colleague Dr O’Daly
approachable. [not easy to be sociable with or starta
conversation with] [the opposite]
approachable.
start a conversation
and self-important,
modest person. [thinks herself
Natasha is very conceited
conceited and
self-important, but Rachel is sucha
such a modest
wonderfulj
an exaggerated
exaggerated sense of
of her importance]
importance] [prefers not
not to
qualitiesj
wonderful] [has an
to exaggerate her own
own qualities]
Joe is always so polite and
and respectful.
respectful.II wish he would be more informal and
and just treat me
me as
Joe
and politely, often with admiration]
admirations
his equal. [treating someone well and
C
Character traits
Arjen is
isa a somewhat naive
naive person; he
he thinks love can
can solve all the
[/nai'i:v/ willing
the world's
world’s problems. [/naɪˈiːv/
to believe simple things, perhaps because of
ofinexperience]
inexperience]
Telephone salespeople often take advantage of
ofgullible
deceived]
gullible people. [easily deceived]
My father was
offwork
he was
My
wasaa very conscientious
conscientious man; he never took time off
work unless he
was really sick.
[/,kont/i'ent/as/ always took his work very seriously]
seriously]
[/ˌkɒntʃiˈentʃəs/
She'saa restless
restless individual.
individual.II don’t
don't think she'll
ina a job. [not satisfied with what sheis
She’s
she’ll ever settle down in
she is
now and
and wanting something new]
doing now
You
obstinate and
and pig-headed!
pig-headed! Why
don't you
You are so obstinate
Why don’t
you listen when people give you
you advice? [unwilling
to change, despite persuasion]
persuasion] [similar to
but stronger; informal]
to obstinate but
informal]
26
26
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
10.1
10.1
Answer these questions.
11 Why
Why would people rather have an approachable teacher or boss than an unapproachable one?
22 What is
isa a stronger and
and less formal way
obstinate*
way of saying obstinate?
33 If someone is diffident,
diffident, do
do they have little or
or lots of self-confidence?
44 How
How could you
describeaa greeting from someone that showed exaggerated pleasure?
you describe
55 Do
Do you
conversation witha
you think it would be easy or difficult to
to haveaa friendly conversation
with a taciturn person?
66 Which tends to be more negative, impetUoUs
impetuous or impulsive?
77 Which would most people rather be
be described as, conscientious or self-conscious*
self-conscious?
88 If you're
be seen as an introvert or an
an extrovert?
you’re outgoing, are you
you more likely to
to be
10.2
10.2
inthebox,
Rewrite the underlined parts of the
the sentences using the words in
the box, making any
other changes necessary.
restless well-balanced
well-balanced
pushy
outgoing
aloof
conceited
haughty
excitable
naive
self-esteem
self-esteem
11 Don’t
Don't be
be so over-proud of your achievements!
achievements! You're
one to get an
an A-grade!
You’re not the only one
22 People who
haveaa poor opinion of themselves can find it difficult to
who have
to achieve their goals.
33 He’s
He's generally
generallyaa happy, sociable sort of person.
44 She
She is
isa a person who
and who
who shows good judgement overall.
who is generally quite reasonable and
5 5 You
You always seem unable to settle down. What's
What’s the problem?
66 He’s
He's so
He should tryto
so easily excited. He
try to calm down more.
77 She
She believes rather simple things when it comes topolitics.
to politics.
8 8 He’s
He's just pursuing his own
own interests and
and cares little what happens to
to others.
99 Frances was
and would not
nottake
was very unfriendly and
take part in thines
things at the party.
10 At
and unfriendly and
and acts as if he’s
he's better than the rest of us.
At times, Joel is quite cold and
10
10.3
10.3
arenoton
Complete the table. Some ofthewords
of the words are
not on theopposite
the opposite page.
adjective
noun
excitable
adjective
gullible
diffidence
disdain
pig-headed
pig-headed
impetuous
10.4
10.4
noun
reserved
respect
obstinate
self-important
approachable
modest
These sentences contain words from thetable
the table in 10.3. Rewrite the sentences using the
other form oftheword.
of the word. For
For example, use
useaa noun instead of an
an adjective and
and vice versa.
11 One
One of her main character traits is that she
she is impetuous.
22 It’s
It's difficult to
get him
him to
He displays
displaysaa high level of obstinacy.
to get
to change his ways. He
33 Luke showsa
but his wife is known more forherapproachability.
shows a lot of reserve, but
for her approachability.
44 One
One of her nicest characteristics is that she
she is modest.
55 She
She showsa
It's important in her
her culture.
shows a lot of respect for
for her elders. It’s
6 6 Being pig-headed
pig-headed seems tobe
to beaa family trait among my relatives.
7 7 She
She is so
of self-importance; it irritates everyone.
so full of
88 Online identity thieves prey on
on people being gullible.
10.5
10.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Choose five words from the opposite page that you feel describe you. Be honest!
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
27
111
1
Relationships: friends forever
A
and romance
Love and
When Tom met
metLily,
love at
at first
saw each other]
Lily, it was
was love
first sight.
sight. [love began thefirst
the first time they saw
She fell
head over
over heels
heels in
in love
love with him. [fell deeply and
and madly in love]
She
fell head
only has
has eyes
eyes forSophie.
He's not interested in other girls. [is only attracted to]
Nick only
for Sophie. He’s
infatuated with
besotted with
Lauren was
was more than infatuated
with Dave; she
she was
was completely besotted
with him. [romantically
obsessed with] [almost stupidly or blindly in love with]
I’ve
often seen
the cinema
together, but
I've often
seen Matt
Matt and
and Ellie
Ellie at
at the
cinema together,
but it’s
it's purely
purelyaa platonic
platonic relationship.
relationship.
ofthe
not sexual]
sexual]
[affectionate relationship between people of
the opposite sex that is not
B
and other positive relationships
Friendships and
Anona and
andII hit
hitit
it off
off immediately; we're
we’re true soulmates.
soulmates. [liked each other the moment we met] [people
who
and understand each other deeply]
deeplyj
who feel close in spirit and
The
momentII met
met Rob,
Rob,II could see he wasa
man after
afier my
my own
heart. [someone you admire because
The moment
was a man
own heart.
they do
do or think the same as
asyou;
after your
heart]]
you; also woman
woman after
your own
own heart
and II get
on like
likeaa house
house on
on fire.
[haveaa very good, enjoyable relationship]
relationship]
Charlie and
get on
fire. [have
Rob and
and Jamie have been bosom
bosom friends/buddies/pals
Rob
friends/buddies/pals foryears.
for years. [very close, good friends]
friends]
and Carmen are
areinseparable.
Marta and
inseparable. [always want tobe
to be together, very close]
There'sa
bond between Rushda and her
heraunt.
[relationship or feeling of togetherness]
There’s a close bond
aunt. [relationship
togetherness]
C
General social relationships: collocations
The
The replies in these conversations are another way
way of
of saying what thefirst
the first speaker says.
A: You
Ben —– the
and look at life.
to be very similar to Ben
the way
way you
you think and
You seem tobe
B: Yes, we've
kindred spirits.
spirits.
B:
we’ve always been kindred
A:
Whataa nice
nice wedding!
Nathan and
and Amelia
seem tobe
perfect for
each other.
other.
A: What
wedding! Nathan
Amelia seem
to be perfect
for each
B:
well-matched couple!
Yes, such
B: Yes,
suchaa well-matched
couple!
A: Our
Our Spanish friends are always phoning their brothers and
and sisters.
B: Yes, well,l
well, I think family
family ties
ties in Spain are much stronger than here.
A: I’ve
I've never met
met Rosie, but
butII know several people she knows.
haveaa number of
ofmutual
acquaintances.
B: Yes, she
she said you
you have
mutual acquaintances.
A:
hasaa lot
lotof
A: Gareth has
of respect for
for Clare.
he holds
holds her
her in
in high
high regard.
regard.
B: Yes, he
A: Sarah and
and Anna are
arevery
I'm sure they share all their secrets.
very close these days. I’m
as thick
as thieves.
B: Yes, they're
they’re as
thick as
thieves.
D
28
Nouns and adjectives
adjective
noun
example
adoring
adoration
The parents gazed at
attheir
withaa look of tender
their new-born baby with
adoration.
affectionate
affection
He never shows much affection for
He
for his children.
amiable
amiability
She always treats us
us with great amiability.
She
considerate
consideration
she said angrily.
‘Have some consideration forthe
for the other students!’ she
faithful
faithfulness
key toa
Faithfulness is the
the key
to a good marriage.
fond
fondness
she developed
developedaa fondness for
forMario
beyondaa
Over the years she
Mario that went beyond
relationship.
purely business relationship.
loyal
loyalty
He was
He
wasaa great team captain who
who inspired loyalty in the
the players.
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
11.1
use
Match up the words on thelefi
the left with words on the
the right to
to make expressions. Then use
theexpressions
the expressions to complete the sentences below.
11 love
2 2 head
33 bosom
Q
Q
Q
aa pals
bb it off
cc acquaintances
4 4 hit
Q
5 5 kindred Q
66 mutual Q
d d spirits
ee at first sight
ff over heels in love
.
11 When Josh met
met Emma, it was
was
the same way. They're
They’re . .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . .
2 2 Phil and
and Toby look at life in the
3 3 Ever since they worked together, Lucy and
and Olivia have been ............................ .
4 4 I I was
was introduced
introduced to Zoe
Zoe by some . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .
5 5 They just looked at
at each other and
and fell .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... . .
6 6 When Ross and
andII met, we
we immediately ........................... .
11.2
inthese
Fill the
the gaps in
these sentences.
11 Rachel only has ........................... for
She's crazy over him.
for Mark these days. She’s
22 They look such
suchaa ........................... couple.
couple.II wonder if they will get
get married?
33 Tara and
andII have always got ........................... like
likea a house .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .
4 4 He’s
He's completely ........................... with her. I’ve
I've never known him tobe
somuch
to be so
much in love before.
He's like
likea a teenager. (two
[two possible answers)
He’s
55 Matt would do anything forhis
for his boss –— he holds her in very high .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .
6 6 I I think she
she was
say what she
shedid—
she'saa woman after my
my own
own .. .. .. ................. .
was quite right to say
did – she’s
7 7 The
as thieves.
The children must be planning something –— they look as ........................... as
88 They spend most of
oftheir
of Italy because of
oftheir
their holidays in the
the south of
their ........................... ties there.
11.3
11.3
arenoton
Complete the table. Some ofthewords
of the words are
not on theopposite
the opposite page.
noun
adjective
noun
loyal
respect
consideration
consideration
adjective
affection
affection
passion
romantic
devoted
support
fond
faithful
amiable
trust
adoration
11.4
11.4
infatuated
infatuated
Now complete these sentences, which include words from thetable
Now
the table above, using the
preposition. Use
Useaa dictionary if necessary.
correct preposition.
11 She’s
She's absolutely devoted ........................... her
her mother and visits her
her every day.
22 I’ve
I've always had
hadaa lot of respect ........................... my
my boss, and
and II do
do enjoy my
my joba
job a lot.
3 3 She’s
She's been so loyal ........................... me
me all these years,I
her down now.
years, I can't
can’t let her
44 He’s
He's very supportive ........................... his colleagues; they're
they’re very lucky.
5 5 I’m
I'm quite fond ........................... Simon, but that doesn’t
doesn't mean
meanI I want tomarry
to marry him.
66 He
He puts
putsaa lot of
of trust ........................... me,
me, and
and I I feelI
can trust him
him too.
feel I can
77 I I feel very affectionate ........................... him
him but
but I’m
I'm not
not in love with him.
88 Sophie and
and Dan
Dan are
are as passionate ........................... each other as they were tenyears
ten years ago.
11.5
11.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Name someone in your life who:
•• you feela
isa a real soulmate for you.
feel a close bond with. •• is
•• is
isa a person after your own
own heart.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
29
12
12
Relationships: ups
ups and
and downs
A
Friendship
FRIENDSHIP
Friends are people who are much more than mere casual
acquaintances1. True friends are always there when you need
them, as you are for them. We expect loyalty2 from our friends,
despite our faults, and should give it in return, never speaking
3
of them behind their backs
backs^.
and
ill of
. As
As well as having friends and
casual acquaintances, we
have
relationships with colleagues,
we
allies and
and partners.
11
people you
you know, but not very well
22
support in good orbad
or bad times
^3 when they are
are not there
are some qualities of friendship and
and their opposites:
Here are
B
quality
opposite
loyal (adj.), loyalty (noun)
disloyal (adj.), disloyalty (noun)
supportive [always supports you]
unsupportive, critical
honest, truthful
dishonest, untruthful
respectful (adj.), respect (noun)
disrespectful (adj.), disrespect (noun)
Good and bad relationships
II used to think of Kate as
asaa friend but
butII now
now realise she
she has
has been
two-faced
me. [insincere; pleasant with someone and then
two-faced towards
towards me.
unpleasant about them behind their back]
and America were allies
allies in the
Russia and
the war. [countries or people who
who
join together to fight fora
for a common cause]
We
business partners
partners but now
now we're
bitter/arch rivals.
rivals.
We were business
we’re bitter/arch
each
[people who
who own
ownaa business together]
together] [people in competition with each
ina a negative, aggressive ways
Indeed,II could
could say
say we
are now
now
other in
way] Indeed,
we are
sworn enemies.
sworn
enemies. [people who
who will always hate each other]
disloyal to
me on
onaa number of
ofoccasions.
Fergus has been disloyal
to me
occasions.
OK,II was
I'm sorry, but
butII didn’t
didn't want tohurt
OK,
was dishonest
dishonest with
with you. I’m
to hurt\you.
Sam has
has been very distant
me recently. [not friendly, col
Sam
distant towards
towards me
cold]
Jamie has always been scrupulously honest in his dealings with us.
II would expect complete
complete and
and unswerving
unswerving loyalty
loyalty froma
from a true frie
friend.
my staunchest ally at work.I
can always rely on
on her
her to
me.
Monica has always been my
work. I can
to support me.
II was
my friend could be so deeply critical of
of me.
me.
was amazed that someone who
who called herself my
C
Breakdowns: expressions and
and collocations
break down
down because of
ofgenuine
misunderstandings.
Unfortunately, relationships sometimes break
genuine misunderstandings.
[collapse] [not understanding something correctly]
correctly]
[collapse]
A A rift
rifi can
can develop
develop between two people or groups. [serious disagreement that divides people]
peoplej
There's
beenaa lot
lotofdiscord
and discontent]
discontent]
There’s been
of discord in the
the office
office lately. [disagreement and
My father and
and II don’t
don't see
eye to
eye on
on most things. [have diff
different
opinions]
My
see eye
to eye
erent opinions]
and his
hissister
been on
on bad
bad terms
[haveaa poor relationship]
relationship]
Jack and
sister have been
terms for
foraa long time. [have
His love aff
affair
hasturned
up. [become bad] [separate]
[separate]
His
air with Anna has
turned sour.I
sour. I think they'll
they’ll split up.
Our marriage has
has had
had its
its ups
ups and
and downs,
butbasically
Our
downs, but
basically we're
we’re OK. [had good and bad times]
aa bumpy
bumpy relationship
relationship [up
[upand
likea a car
car on
on a a road with bumps]
and down like
aa broken
broken home
home [family split up
up by
by divorce]
aa family
ina a family causing bad
bad feeling for many years]
family feud
feud [[/fju:d/
/fjuːd/ quarrel in
30
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
12.1
adjectives.
Give the opposites of these adjectives.
11 loyal
2 2 truthful
3 3 honest
44 supportive
55 distant
66 respectful
12.2
12.2
inthese
Some words in
these sentences have been used incorrectly. Rewrite the sentences using
the correct word from A.
A.
11 We
own the company: we're
We both own
we’re business rivals.
2 2 I’ve
I've made several casual colleagues since moving to
to London, but no close friends yet.
3 3 Were Britain and
and the
USA colleagues in the
the USA
the First World War?
44 The two companies hate each other: they're
they’re acquaintances.
12.3
12.3
Fill the
the gaps with suitable adjectives or adverbs from theopposite
the opposite page.
yntdlet you down.
21 You
Hou need ....
k who won’t
allies at work
ttr
”
hones ’.e
o
2 His
honesty
is a quality
I greatly admire.
33 I I don’t
don't know why she
shewas
of him; it seemed very unfair.
was so
so ........................... critical of
d
t to
O him
i
S
H betrayed
E'
h end.
4 Her
and
loyalty
was a mistake.
He
her in the
4 5 Tom
HSE and
and Amy
rivas at
t wo
rh bu
ee
ta
et on
n well
era outside
utsh e the
ne.
Amy wer
were’I
rivals
work,
but seemed
to get
the office.
6 6 When all my
my other so-ca”lled"friends
remainedaa ........................... friend
so-called friends drifted away, Jack always remained
to me.
me.
12.4
12.4
Fill the
the gaps witha
with a suitable preposition.
not perfect, but
11 I I know I’m
I'mnotperfect,
but I’ve
I've never been dishonest ........................... you.
22 She’s
She's very critical ........................... her
her colleagues.
Why are you
you always so disloyal ........................... me?
33 Why
me?
4 4 A A true friend would never talk ........................... your back.
55 I I hate being ........................... bad
bad terms ........................... people.
two-faced ........................... their boss.
66 I I realise that people can often be
be two-faced
1L5
12.5
opposite meaning.
Rewrite the underlined phrases to give the
the opposite
11 Mia
Mia and her
hersister
onaa lot of
of things.
sister shared the same opinion on
22 Carla’s
Carla's affection for Andrew has
haserown
lately.I I expect they'll
eet engaged.
eneaeed.
grown stronger lately.
they’ll get
33 Our
Our relationship stayed firm because we
we were truthful to
to each other.
4 4 Henry’s
Henry's brothers are close friends.
12.6
12.6
Useexpressions
Use
expressions from theopposite
the opposite page to describe these situations.
11 Harry has phoned –— he’s
he's still at
at the
He thoughtI
him up
up and
and I I thought he was
the station. He
thought I was
was picking him
was
gettingaa taxi. It was
getting
wasa a .......................................................................................................................................................... .
2 2 The
The kids have been unhappy since their parents divorced. They come froma
from a .........................................
.
3 3 Her
Her marriage has been both good and bad at
atdifferent
has
different times. It has
.
4 4 The
hadaa serious disagreement which has split them.A
The two
two union leaders have had
them. A serious .................
.
5 5 Two
of the
ofsomething
Two of
the brothers have not spoken totheir
to their other brother for20
for 20 years because of
something bad
that happened.
happened.I I think it’s
it'sa a
.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
31
lb
13
Emotions and
and reactions
A
Strong desires
Pregnant women crave// have
haveaa craving for strange things like tuna and
and banana pizza! [want very
strongly]
strongly]
Young children often seem tothirst/
haveaa thirst for knowledge. [feel very strongly that you
to thirst / have
you want]
my cousin just yearns to be on her
herown
no family responsibilities. [if you
Sometimes my
own with no
you yearn to
do// yearn for
do not have
do
for// haveaa yearning forsomething,
for something, it means that you
you want something that you
you do
can never have]
haves
and, often, can
An
An Olympic gold medal is probably the most coveted sporting prize. [[to
to covet something means to
to
want topossess
to possess it very much]
B
people's emotions
Reacting to other people’s
Lottie tried to
to defuse the tension by changing the subject. [makeaa dangerous ortense
or tense situation calmer]
Tim
hisdaughter
and it took her
heraa long time to placate him. [stop someone
Tim was
was very angry with his
daughter and
feeling angry]
angryj
An
has been brought in to
and the employer.
An independent advisor has
to conciliate between the
the unions and
[endaa disagreement between two people or groups by acting in
ina a friendly way
[end
way towards both sides; formal]
Although appeasing the
did not
not ultimately prevent
the enemy postponed the war foranother
for another year, it did
[endaa disagreement by giving the
an advantage that they are demanding
it from happening. [end
the other side an
ina a disapproving way); formal]
forma
(normally used in
Language help
AA useful adjective from placate is implacable. It is used about someone’s
someone's opinions and
and feelings and
and
theimplacable
means that they cannot be changed, e.g.I
e.g. I cannot understand the
implacable hatred that he
he still
feels for his old
old rival. (Note: placable doesn’t
doesn't exist.)
exist.)
C
Being extremely happy
and happiness,
exultant: feeling great pleasure and
ofaa success (more formal than
usually because of
ecstatic) Sarah was
an exultant mood// was
ecstatic)
was in an
was
her great exam results.
ecstatic after her
to
be extremely happy; formal Everyone
to rejoice: be
ofherrecovery.
rejoiced at the news of
her recovery.
jubilant: expressing great happiness, especially
ataa victory; formal There were jubilant shouts as
at
the results of the
the referendum were announced.
bliss: perfect happiness (often collocates with
and sheer; adjective = blissful; the
utter and
the adverb
y
blissfully often collocates with happy, ignorant and unaware) We
hadaa fabulous holiday on
onaa beautiful island —– seven days of
ofutter/sheer
and
We had
utter/sheer bliss.
They are
areblissfully
blissfully happy even though they're
they’re poor.
There are
areaa number of
ofinformal
informal expressions which mean tobevery
to be very happy:
You
of the
You look full of
the joys of spring today. Why
Why are you
you smiling all the
the time?
My daughter’s
daughter's just had
had aa baby girl. We're
My
We’re thrilled to
to bits at the
the news.
II feel on
It's great to have
haveaa job again.
on top
top of the
the world. It’s
I've been floating/walking on
on air
airever
sinceI I heard
heardI I got
got into drama school.
I’ve
ever since
A: How
How did you
you feel when youscored
you scored the winning goal?
B:II was
B:
was over the moon!
32
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
13.1
13.1
Choose one ofthe
of the words below each sentence to fill the
the gaps.
11 I I often findI
I'mstudying,
butI I try
find I ........................... sweet things when I’m
studying, but
try to
to resist!
A A thirst
BB crave
CC hunger
22 Martha is very good at
at ........................... difficult situations.
situations.
A A placating
BB appeasing
CC defusing
33 Everyone is ........................... toto bits that Karim was
was so successful in the
the competition.
AA blissful
B B thrilled
C C exultant
4 4 If he
he has
has a a tantrum, you
mustn't tryto
Don't give in!
you mustn’t
try to ........................... him. Don’t
A A conciliate
BB appease
CC defuse
for what must be themost
the most
55 When Jess retires, there will probably be
beaa lot of internal applicants forwhat
the company.
........................... jobjob in the
AA yearned
BB craved
CC coveted
66 Fortunately, her
her parents were ........................... ignorant of what was going on.
AA jubilantly
BB blissfully
C C exultantly
13.2
13.2
Read thecomments.
the comments. Then answer thequestions.
the questions.
Rowan
Katie
I'mjust
I’m
just longing to return to
my homeland again. But
ButII
my
don't thinkI
don’t
think I ever will.
I I just want tolearn
to learn more
and more about science,
and
history, everything.
William
Ashley
I'd give anything to own
I’d
own
that motorbike of
of Nick’s.
Nick's.
It's so
It’s
so fantastic!
fantastic!
11 Who
do something?
Who is yearning to do
22 Who
Who is placating someone?
13.3
13.3
33 Who
hasaa thirst for something?
Who has
44 Who
Who covets something?
lefi with the endings on
Match the sentence beginnings on
on the left
on the right.
11 Lucy has been walking
22 Beth is full
33 Eva seems tobe
to be blissfully
44 Everyone rejoiced
55 Sam
Sam is feeling
66 His
His parents were thrilled
thrilled
13.4
13.4
no need to
Calm down, there's
there’s no
to
’/ be
be soso cross.
aa on
on top of
ofthe
he got his PhD.
the world since he
b b unaware of
ofall
all the
the problems.
c c to
hewon
to bits when he
won themedal.
the medal.
dd on
on air since she
she got her promotion.
ee when they heard that the war
had ended.
war had
f f of the
the joys of spring.
Answer these questions.
11 Ifa a politician talks about someone appeasing someone else, is he/she expressing approval?
22 Would fans be
be more likely to
be called jubilant or blissful if their team won
to be
won theWorld
the World Cup?
33 If someone tried to
to conciliate between two
two neighbours who
who each claimed the other was
was too noisy,
do?
what would that person be trying to do?
4 4 If you
are trying to placate someone, is it likely that they are (a) angry or (b) over-excited?
you are
s5 If, after
afteraa conflict, someone is thirsting for revenge, is it likely they are ready to forget the
the conflict
or not?
or
13.5
13.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Think of
of an occasion (a) when youfelt
you felt ecstatic about something, (b) when youhadtodefuse
you had to defuse
a difficult situation, and (c) when you had to placate someone.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
33
14
Negative feelings
A
Antipathies and
and aversions
Antipathy is
feeling of
strong, often
Antipathy
isa a feeling
of strong,
often active,
active, dislike
dislike or
or opposition
opposition
towards something or
or someone, e.g. Antipathy
Antipathy towards the
increased during the economic crisis. Aversion
isa a
government increased
Aversion is
feeling of intense dislike or
or an
an unwillingness to do
do something. It can
can
also refer to
to the
the person or thing which causes that feeling. It is often
have/feel an
an aversion
aversion to,e.g.I
an instant
instant
used in the
the phrase have/feel
to, e.g. I felt
felt an
aversion
to the
the new
Arrogance has
aversion to
new manager.
manager. Arrogance
has always
always been
been my
my pet
pet
aversion. [the thingI
ofall]
aversion.
thing I dislike most of
all]
Averse
not, e.g. I’m
I'm not
not
Averse to
to means opposed to, usually used with not,
averse toa
enjoyaa good night out]
averse
to a good night out. [I enjoy
B
** Remember, the-ing
the -ing form
refers to
to the
the person or
thing that causesaa feeling;
the
-ed form refers to
the -ed
to the
the
person experiencing the
feeling, e.g. The
The news
distressing.II felt
ie/t
was distressing.
distressed.
distressed.
Negative feelings
noun
meaning
adjective
verb
examples
I I just loathe people who
who tell lies.
We
her behaviour abhorrent.
abhorrent.
We all find her
There wasa
was a scornful note in his
loathing
intense hatred
loathsome
loathe
abhorrence
intense disgust
abhorrent
abhor
scorn
lack of respect for
something
aa feeling of being annoyed
scornful
scorn
irritating
irritated’
irritated*
irritate
aa feeling of being
extremely upset or worried
aa feeling of being very
worried or frightened
distressing
distressed’
distressed*
distress
alarming
alarmed*
alarm
irritation
distress
alarm
C
Language help
voice.
Her comments gave me
me an intense
Her
feeling of irritation.
irritation.
my best friend was
Being told that my
was
was very distressing.
seriously ill was
distressing.
The
ofthe
The advance of
the enemy troops
an alarming
across the river was
was an
development.
development.
Adjectives with negative connotations
She was
offhand with everyone. [showed
[showedaa rude lack of interest in others]
othersj
She
was very offhand
The
Director's personal assistant can
be very officious.
The Director’s
can be
officious. [too eager to tell others what todo]
to do]
He makes very ostentatious
ostentatious displays of his
hiswealth,
He
wealth, with big, flashy cars, designer clothes, etc.
ina a vulgar way]
[displaying wealth or possessions in
She's become very pompous
pompous since she
she was
and showing that you
She’s
was elected to Parliament. [too formal and
you
think that you
you are more important than other people]
She boasts about reading philosophy books –— she’s
she's so
pretentious. [tries to
She
so pretentious.
to appear more serious or
important than she is]
What puerile
puerile behaviour! Grow up!
up![silly
and childish]
[silly and
BecauseII rushed it, my
my essay wasa
bitsloppy.
Because
was a bit
sloppy. [not taking care in the
the way
way you
you work; informal
informal]
Jo can
can be
be very fickle.
Jo
fickle. [changes her feelings suddenly without reason]
Oh, stop being so nit-picking!
nit-picking! [too concerned about unimportant details; informal]
Oh,
informal]
The
and rude]
The customs officer was
was such an obnoxious
obnoxious man. [unpleasant and
D
Being extremely unhappy
II felt utterly dejected
didn't get the
and disappointed]
disappointedj
dejected whenI
when I didn’t
the job. [unhappy and
She looked forlorn,
and not cared for]
She
forlorn, gazing into the
the distance. [sad, alone and
II was
ofthe
ofaa good friend of mine. [very shocked and
and upset]
was devastated
devastated whenI
when I heard of
the death of
The
child's parents were distraught.
distraught. The
The missing child’s
The neighbours tried to
to calm them. [extremely worried
and upset]
and
You're
lookingaa bit
bitdown
You’re looking
down today. Anything wrong? [unhappy; informal]
He always looks so miserable
miserable and
and never seems tosmile!
He
to smile! [very unhappy]
34
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
14.1
14.1
oftheword
inbold
any
Rewrite the sentences using the form of
the word in
bold indicated in brackets. Make any
other necessary changes.
11 I I am
am strongly averse to people who
who always want tobe
to be thecentre
the centre of attention. (noun)
22 He’s
He's always scornful of our amateur theatrical productions. (verb)
3 3 She
She has
has an
an abhorrence ofinjustice,
of injustice, wherever it occurs. (verb)
4 4 I I do
do not
not have an aversion toaa vegetarian diet. I’ve
I've just never tried it. (adjective)
(adjective)
5 5 His attitude irritated me
me very much. (adjective)
(adjective) (two
[two possible answers)
66 The
The news was alarming to us all. (adjective ending in -ed)
14.2
14.2
Answer thequestions.
the questions.
11 If you
are distressed
distressed by
byaa piece of news, are
areyou
you are
you (a) angry, (b) upset, or (c) depressed?
22 If you
you find something loathsome, what emotion do you feel towards it?
3 3 If someone feels antipathy towards another person, do
do they (a) just not
not like them, (b) feel
and strongly dislike them?
annoyed by them, or (c) actively and
44 If someone irritates you, do
do you
you feel (a) deep anger, (b) annoyance, or (c) hatred towards them?
14.3
14.3
Match the sentence beginnings on
on the left with the endings on
on the right.
11 We
We were distraught
2 2 She
She felt dejected
3 3 He
He was
lookingaa bit down
was looking
4 4 They were utterly devastated
55 She
She was
quiteaa miserable person
was quite
14.4
14.4
aa soI
buy him
him aa coffee.
so I offered to buy
bb by the death of
ofso
so many good friends.
cc who rarely laughed or enjoyed herself.
dd when our
ourcat
cat went missing.
ee because she failed the
the exam.
Add words tocomplete
to complete the sentences.
11 The
and marble statues everywhere.
The palace was
was very ..........................., , with gold ceilings and
22 One
One of my
my friends is
isa a bit ...........................; ; he
he has
has a a new
new girlfriend
girlfriend every week!
that’s unfair.
33 She thinks I’m
I'm ........................... because
becauseI I like opera, but
butI I think that's
unfair.I I like pop
pop music too.
4 4 The
Carson's
The lawyers were very ........................... - ........................... when they were dealing with old Mrs Carson’s
complicated will.
The decorators were very ........................... and
the kitchen properly.
5 5 The
and didn’t
didn't paint the
66 He’s
He's an
an ........................... person; absolutely nobody thinks he’s
he's nice.
The receptionist was
was very ........................... with me,
to take me
7 7 The
me, and
and didn't seem totake
me seriously.
8 8 The
madeaa very ........................... speech, and
and seemed full of
of his own
own importance.
The Minister made
99 Their behaviour was
was silly and
and .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .... .II wish they would act
actmore
more maturely.
10 The
man at the museum wasvery
us to
be quiet and
and not to touch
10
The man
was very ..........................., , telling us
to be
the
E' exhibits.
s
Sh e olooked
her friends had
had gone
one toa
art and
and she
she was
was not
not invited.
invited
11 She
a bit
because all her
to a party
hbed a
12 We
our friends didn’t
didn't arrive and
and we
we heard there'd
on
12
We were ..........................."when
when our
there’d been an accident on
the motorway.
14.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
•• Name three things that you
you loathe doing.
•• Are there any
any ideas that you
you find abhorrent? Why?
•• Have you ever felt an
an instant antipathy to someone?
•• Do you haveaa pet
petaversion?
aversion? If so, what is it?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
35
15
Birth and death: from cradle to grave
A
At the
the beginning
Pregnancy‘1 is the
expectingaa baby. It begins with
Pregnancy
the nine-month period whena
when a woman is expecting
conception
egg is fertilised
and an
an embryo
implants55 in the
mother's
conception22,when
, when themother's
the mother’s egg
fertilised33 and
embryo44 implants
the mother’s
6
7
womb,
oruterus
but some are
arehelped
drugs88 or
womb, or
uterus .. Most mothers conceive
conceive naturally but
helped by fertility
fertility drugs
0
9
10
11
IVF.. As the foetus‘
mother's placenta
placenta“.
other procedures such as IVF
foetus grows, it is fed
fed through the mother’s
.
2
12
After 40
into labour
labour‘ .. If this doesn’t
doesn't happen naturally, she
she may
may
40 weeks, the mother usually goes
goes into
be induced
inducedl133.. Usually,
Usually,aa mother is helped to give
give birth
birthl144 by
byaa midwife
midwife‘155.. Sometimes
Sometimesaa surgeon
be
6
7
16
17
caesarean section‘
is needed todeliver‘
to deliver the
the baby by caesarean
section ..
11
(adj. == pregnant) 22 time when sperm and egg meet andaa baby starts to
to form 33 made tostart
to start developing
44
55
6
new life
fixes itself
egg develops
developing baby
organ inside the
the mother where thefertilised
the fertilised egg
into new
intoa a baby; uterus isa a more medical word than womb 77 become pregnant 88 drugs that helpaa woman
into
tobecome
eggina
fertilises a woman's
woman’s egg
in a laboratory; babies
to become pregnant 9 in vitro fertilisation: process that fertilisesa
the embryo developing in the
the uterus
born this way
way are
are sometimes referred to as
as test tube babies 110
’ what theembryo
1
organ connecting the developing baby tothemother
to the mother and giving it
is known as
from eight weeks onward 111
asfrom
food 1122 goes into the
outof
the last stage of pregnancy, where thewomb
the womb starts the
the process of pushing the baby out
of
3
thebody
behelped
be
helped medically to start the
the process
the body *13
Language help
4 have her
herbaby
baby
of labour (noun = induction) 114
115
’ person medically trained to help women when
Expect when it means ‘expect
‘expectaa baby’ is only
they are giving birth 116
‘ help the mother togive
to give birth
7
17
used
in
the
continuous
the
form, e.g. Helena and
and
mother's
(noun = delivery) * operation in which the mother’s
hersister
are
expecting
expect).
her
sister
are
both
(NOT
andwomb
arecut
cutopen toallow
abdomen and
womb are
to allow the baby to
to
be removed
B
At the end
end
are living toa
ripe old
old age
age .1. My
My aunt, for
for example, that's
More and more people these days are
to a ripe
that’s
22
33
my late
Iate father's
93. She’s
She's been
beenaa pensioner
pensioner formore
She
my
father’s sister, is 93.
for more years than she worked. She
sheltered accommodation
accommodation44 but
butshe's
not at all doddery
doddery’5 or
orgaga
She's lucky still to
lives in sheltered
she’s not
gaga66.. She’s
to
have all
allher
herwits
about her
her7 because
becauseaa lot
lotofelderly
dementia.8. Funerals are
have
wits about
of elderly people develop dementia
changingaa lot too.I
changing
too. I went toone
to one recently where there was
wasaa coffin’
coffin9 in the
the colours of the dead
0
10
11
man's football team. And
atthe
hissister
me she'd
her will
will“
that her own
own
man’s
And at
the wake,‘
wake, his
sister told me
she’d put it in her
l2
12
ashes are
are to be sent up
up in
ina a rocket! Funerals now
now are often more about celebrating
celebratingaa person’s
person's
ashes
mourning‘133.As
forme,I
I'd prefer an
an ordinary cremation
cremation‘144..
life rather than just about mourning
. As for
me, I think I’d
5
15
I'd quite like to
my ashes scattered
scattered‘ at sea, as
asII love sailing.
But then I’d
to have my
11
tive toa
old age
age 2 2 now
now dead 33 elderly person,
living well into old
old age; usually used in the
the phrase to live
to a ripe old
an old
old age
age pension from thestate
old people, where care staff also
receiving an
the state 4 4 special housing, usually for old
live ^ 5 weak and unable to walk well, usually because of
ofoldage;
old age; informal 6 unable tothink
to think clearly because
7
ofoldage;
and offensive ’ is still able to think and
and react quickly 8 an
an illness that causes problems
of
old age; informal and
with memory loss 9 box
box where thedead
put *100 gathering of family and
and friends aftera a funeral
the dead person is put
111
1
2
ofaa body after
legal document saying what is to
to happen toyour
to your possessions after your death 112
remains of
3 expressing sadness after someone's
cremation (see 14‹)) 113
someone’s death (the mourners have been bereaved)
114
4
ata a place called
calleda a crematorium, whereaa dead body is burnt (as opposed to
service at
toaa burial, where thebody
the body
is buried in the
the ground) 115
^ spread around
C
indifferent
Death in
different registers
my condolences.
(formal)II was
expressions of sympathy: Please accept my
condolences. (formal)
was so
so sorry to hear/learn of your
loss. (informal)
loss.
pass away,
away, to
pass on,
pass over
over
euphemisms for‘to
for ‘to die’: to
to pass
to pass
on, to
to pass
very informal expressions for
be at
at death’s
death's door,
door, to
be on
last legs
legs
for being close to death: to
to be
to be
on your
your last
My laptop’s
laptop's on
on its last legs)
(often used about machines, e.g. My
peoples,, perished
perished [died]
[died],, slaughtered
killed]
newspaper words: fatalities
fatalities [dead people]
slaughtered [violently killed]
deceased [the dead person]
person],, to
bequeath [to leave something in
ina a will; noun =aa
legal words: the
the deceased
to bequeath
bequest],], to
inherit [to receive something from someone who
hasdied;
an inheritance
inheritances,], to die
bequest
to inherit
who has
died; noun = an
intestate [without having madeaa will]
intestate
36
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
15.1
15.1
Complete these sentences with words fromAA opposite.
11 Iflf Liz doesn’t
doesn't ........................... soon, she's
foraa fertility test.
she’s going to ask her doctor for
2 2 Karen went into ........................... at
at midnight and
and gave ........................... only four hours later.
3 3 Did
Did Amy
haveaa natural ........................... or
or a a ........................... section?
Amy have
44 The
mother's ........................... with all the
The ........................... provides the baby growing in the
the mother’s
the food it
needs.
55 The
The first test ........................... baby was born in 1978.
66 As
birth,a a trained ........................... usually visits the
and aft
after
As well as helping with the birth,
the mother before and
er
the
the birth to check that everything is going well.
7 7 Laila’s
Laila's ...........................a a baby –— it’s
it's due
due in the
ofOctober.
the middle of
October.
88 During the nine months of
of ..........................., , the
often
the baby developing inside the
the mother is oft
en referred
to as
asaa
.
15.2
15.2
inBB and
and C.
C.
Correct these sentences, which use the vocabulary in
11 The
after
President's death.
The whole country is in morning aft
er the
the President’s
22 I’d
I'd like my
my dust scattered in my
my favourite forest.
3 3 My
My extinct grandfather was
wasaa shepherd all his life.
4 4 I’m
I'm afraid her
her elderly step-mother has just passed off
off..
5 5 My
My car
car is on
on its last leg.
6 6 My
My father inherited me
me his gold watch in his will.
7 7 Mrs
Mrs Wilson seems tohave
atdeath’s
to have been at
death’s window for
for years.
88 Over 2,000 people were perished in the
the earthquake.
99 It was
was amazing there were no fertilities when thebridge
the bridge collapsed.
10 My
My aunt left me
me a a request of £500 in her
her will.
10
15.3
15.3
Write sentences with the same meanings, using the word in
inbrackets
and making any
brackets and
appropriate changes.
11 Both my
my sisters are
are pregnant at
atthe
the moment. ((EXPECT)
expect)
2 2 Twins were born to Shona Harrison last Monday. ((BIRTH)
Birth)
3 3 She
She has
has been taking medication
medication to help her conceive. ((FERTILITY)
Fertility)
4 4 All my
my grandparents lived to
to their 80s
80s or 90s. ((RIPE)
ripe)
5 5 My
My neighbour is 90
but she
she is still very mentally alert. ((WITS)
90 but
wits)
6 6 Unfortunately, the deceased died intestate. ((wiLL)
will)
7 7 John bequeathed £1,000 to each of
of his three nephews. ((iNHERlT)
inherit)
8 8 I I was
was so
ofyour
so sorry to hear of
your loss. ((CONDOLENCES)
condolences)
15.4
15.4
Choose words orexpressions
or expressions from the
the box to
to
complete these texts.
deceased
inherited
perished
perished
bequest
slaughtered
slaughtered
passed away
THE DAY IN REVIEW
bequeathed
bequeathed
pensioner
fatalities
NEWS
Yesterday was indeed a black day for our country.
Twenty-five people 1
in an earthquake.
Five more people were 2
in a terrorist
bomb attack and there were ten road accident
3
. Among the 4
was
one of our most popular young politicians.
ROI
Reply
Forward
Sm1t:h
Charles Smith
I'm very sad
my
I’m
sad to have totell
to tell you
you that my
5
He
grandfather5...........................
last month. He
he had
had been
beenaa
retired 20
20 years ago, so
so he
66
...........................
He had
had
for some years. He
and 77 . .. ...... .. .... ..... each
considerable savings and
of his grandchildren quite
quiteaa large sum
sum of money.
of
8
I'd love to spend themoney
I’d
the money18I...........................
on something really special. He
He also lefta a very
on
9
to the
large9...........................
the university where he
worked for most of
ofhis
his life.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
37
16
16
Free time: relaxation and
and leisure
A
Adjectives
describing free-time
activities
Adjectives describing
free-time activities
adjective
meaning
possible examples
rewarding
gives you
youaa lot of positive
experiences
doing'voluntary
doing
voluntary work, helping charities
fruitful
produces good results
an activity
collaborating/cooperating with someone in an
lucrative
of money
makesaa lot of
selling designer jewellery, writing apps for
for
smartphones
therapeutic
makes you healthy in body
and/or mind
gardening, yoga, jogging
relaxing/calming
givesaa
reduces stress, gives
peaceful feeling
reading, listening to music, meditation
time-consuming
takesa
do
takes a long time to do
beingaa member of
of
aa
being president ofaa club, being
committee
/0era'pju:tik/
/θerəˈpjuːtɪk/
II enjoyed being secretary of the
had to
up two
the sports club but it was
was very time-consuming.I
time-consuming. I had
to give up
two
eveningsa
week
todo
it.
evenings a
to do
The
do is very rewarding.
rewarding.II feel I’m
I'm doing something good and useful.
The conservation workI
work I do
Photography has been
beenaa lucrative
lucrative pursuit for her. She
She often sells her
her pictures to magazines.
Painting is such
suchaa therapeutic
activity.
It
makes
me
feel
good,
and
me patience.
therapeutic
me
and teaches me
B
how people spend their leisure
Informal expressions: how
Rob'saa real culture
culture vulture;
he goes tothe
Rob’s
vulture; he
to the
theatre regularly and
and to every art
artgallery
he can
can
gallery he
find.
cultural]
find. [big fan
fan of anything cultural]
I'ma a bit of
ofa a couch
couch potato;
potato;II spend hours every
I’m
day just watching TV.[physically
day
TV. [physically very inactive
person]
but only as
Lucy loves playing tennis but
an amateur
amateur —
an
– she'd
she’d never want tobe
to beaa
professional. [someone who
professional.
who does something asaa
hobby, notaa job]
Fatima'saa bit
bitofa
dabbler; she takes up
upaa
Fatima’s
of a dabbler;
ofweeks,
hobby for
foraa couple of
weeks, then she gets
and starts something different. [person
bored and
who
one activity for long]
who never keeps doing one
doesaa lot
lotofchores
atthe
and mowing thelawn.
Matt does
of chores at
the weekend –— things like shopping and
the lawn. [boring tasks
that have to be done]
donej [grass]
[grass]
Laura'saa shopaholic.
She buys all sorts of things she
doesn't need. [person addicted to shopping;
Laura’s
shopaholic. She
she doesn’t
alcoholic:: addicted to alcohol]
compare alcoholic
Joe is
is heavily into
into downhill skiing these days. [is very involved in]
Joe
II went
o'ft football and
and II took up golf instead. [stopped liking, lost interest in]
went off
She locks
locks herself
herself away
away for
her room and listens to
She
for hours in her
to music. [isolates herself from the world]
He's totally hooked
hooked on
on motor racing these days. [is addicted to]
He’s
What do you getup
get up toatweekends,
to at weekends, Mariana? [do]
Do you
haveaa hectic social life?
life?II have
haveaa pretty full
activities]
Do
you have
full diary.
diary. [a lot of activities]
isa a keen
keen participant
participant in all the
Mark is
the community activities in his town. [takes part enthusiastically]
Language help
and chocaholic are used in
ina a light-hearted
light-hearted way
and are
are different
Words like shopaholic, workaholic and
way and
isa a serious and
and medically recognised condition.
from alcoholic, which is
38
38
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
16.1
16.1
may be more than one
Fill the
the gaps witha
with a suitable adjective fromAA opposite. There may
possible answer.
11 I I find writing poetry very............................
me to geta
of myself and
and
very
. It helps me
get a truer understanding of
me aa good feeling inside.
gives me
2 2 I I enjoy selling the
picturesI I paint, but
but it’s
it's not
not very .. .. ... .................. .I I only made £300 last year.
the pictures
3 3 Gardening is very ............................ . It reduces stress levels and
and calms you
you down.
44 I’ve
I've had
had a a ........................... partnership with Jane forseveral
andI I play
for several years: she
she plays the piano and
the violin. It’s
It's been very good forboth
of us.
for both of
5 5 Doing unpaid work at
atthehospital
has been
beenaa ........................... experience forme.
the hospital has
for me.
66 I I would like to
be on
on the
I've heard it’s
it's very ..........................., , and
and I I don’t
don't have
to be
the club committee, but I’ve
aa lot of free time.
16.2
16.2
inBB opposite.
Solve these riddles, based on words in
11 I I am
am a a vegetable that sits where humans sit. What am
am I?
2 2 I I enjoy shopping
shoppingaa bit too
am I?
too much. What am
3 3 I I am
am a a bird that eats the flesh of art. What am
am I?
4 4 I I do
do some of
ofthis
and some of
ofthat,
but never all of
of this or all of
of that. What am
am I?
this and
that, but
16.3
16.3
Answer thequestions.
the questions.
11 Which of
ofthese
these is your least favourite chore –— washing your clothes or tidying your room?
22 How
How often is it usually necessary to mow
mow aa lawn?
33 Does an amateur footballer get paid for
playingaa match?
for playing
44 If you
say that someone ‘dabbles in photography’,
photography’, are theyaa serious photographer?
you say
55 When it comes tosport,
do you
beaa spectator or
oraa participant?
to sport, do
you prefer to be
16.4
16.4
Give alternatives for the
the underlined words.
11 My
My daughter’s
daughter's extremely interested in folk music. She
She downloadsa
downloads a lot of traditional folk songs.
22 He
He isolates himself in the
and plays with his model railway for hours on
on end.
the attic and
33 She’s
She's totally addicted to football these days. She
She watches every match on TV.
TV.
44 I I have
haveaa long
lone list of
of social appointments forthe
for the rest of the
the month.
you engage
you aren’t working, Nigel?
55 What do you
eneaee in when youaren't
66 Martine performed with enthusiasm in the
the end-of-term concert.
16.5
16.5
orexpression
page.BB agrees with
Complete the dialogues witha
with a word or
expression from the
the opposite page.
AA by saying the same thing in
inaa different way.
11 A:
doesn't it?
A: Going for
foraa swim helps you
you forget your everyday worries, doesn’t
it's very ............................ .
B: Yes, it’s
2 2 A:A: Dan
Dan spends every evening watching rubbish TV.
He'saa terrible ............................ .
B: That's
That’s true. He’s
3 3 A:A: I’m
I'm not
not so
so keen on
on playing in the
asII used to be.
be.
the school orchestra as
I've. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... it too.
B: Yes, I’ve
4 4 A: I’d
I'd like to
up lots of evenings and
and weekends.
to joina
join a drama group but it would mean giving up
can be
be a a very ........................... activity.
B: Yes, it can
5 5 A:I
don't thinkI
ina a tennis match with you
foranother
ofweeks.
A: I don’t
think I can
can fit in
you for
another couple of
weeks.
No problem. I’ve
I've got
got a a very .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. too.
B: No
66 A: Someone said
saidII could make some money out
outofthose
necklacesII make in my
my spare time.
of those necklaces
B:I I agree.
agree.II think it could prove very ........................... for
B:
for you.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
39
17
All the rage: clothes and fashion
A
Dressing forwork
for work
Many students, both male and female, would agree that they often look scruffy!
scruffy1 in their T-shirts and
and
jeans. However, those who
and learn
who go into the
the world of
of business have to makeaa rapid transition
transition and
about dress codes22 in the
the workplace. Business attire33 needs to project
projectaa professional image, and
and
44
oryour
midri@6 is not
not
clothing that reveals too
too much cleavage
cleavage55 (for women), or
your back, your chest or your midriff
appropriate, even in
ina a casual business setting. For
For women, see-through fabrics77 should be avoided,
appropriate,
and skirts should not be too tight or too
Formen,
and
too short, though nobody wants to
to look frumpy.
frumpy8. For
men,
9
trousers should not be too tight, or
or shirts too
needaa good choice of outfits
outfits’and
too open. Women often need
and
10
111
10
men finda
ofsuits
and casual trousers and
and jackets invaluable
invaluable *.Accessories*
men
find a good range of
suits ,ties
, ties and
. Accessories122,e.g.
, e.g.
jewellery, shoes and
and cuminks
cufflinks1133,can
, can also enhance the
the professional look. Some offices have dresscan wear more casual clothes. In other jobs, of course, people
down days
days1144,often
, often Fridays, when staff can
15
16
are required to wear uniforms, or protective clothing such as overalls
overalls!’
and safety helmets
helmets16
..
are
and
11
untidy [noun: scruff=
scruff = person who
who dresses in an
way of dressing in
an untidy way] 22 accepted way
ina a particular social
33
4
55
group
clothing; formal 4 shows
space between
woman’s breasts 66 part of the body between
betweenaa woman's
the chest and
thechest
and the waist 7 materials 8 old-fashioned
old-fashioned and
and boring 99 set
set of clothes fora a particular occasion
110
11
the same material
jacket and
and trousers in the
** extremely
useful *122 extra items added toclothing
to clothing for useful or
Language help
3
decorative purposes 113
decorative objects used to fasten
Invaluable means extremely valuable.
the cuffs on
the
on men’s
men's shirts 1144 days when people wear less
The
The opposite of valuable is valueless or
formal clothes 1155 (plural noun) piece of clothing covering
U/ithout value.
without
all the
the body, usually worn over other clothing to protect it
to protect the head
when working 16
*‘ hat
hat to
B
Words and expressions about clothes
can be
be described as revealing
revealing‘,1, skimpy
baggy33,clingy
Clothes can
skimpy22,, baggy
, clingy44,or
, or chic5.Sometimes
. Sometimes an invitation
66
toa
ask people to dress in smart-casual clothes. To
be dolled (up)
(up)// dressed
to a more formal party will ask
To be
up// done up tothenines
ina a very fashionable or very formal way. Some people
up
to the nines means tobe
to be dressed in
buy clothes more cheaply on
on the
choose to
to buy designer (label) clothes but most people prefer to buy
the
8
made-to-measure’,
High Street7.People
. People who
who can afford to sometimes have clothes made-to-measure
, but more often
buy their clothes o'ft
peg/rack’.9.
people buy
off the
the peg/rack
1
showinga
of flesh
showing a lot of
short, using little material
33
e.g.a a sweater
loose, e.g.
22
C
44
close-fitting
’ 5 //i:k/
/ʃiːk/ modern, stylish
66
clothes that are informal
butclean,
and stylish
but
clean, tidy and
77
from ordinary, much less expensive shops
made especially for them
’9 ready-made
8
infashion
Being in
fashion
the rage. [very fashionable]
The woman wasdressed
was dressed in the
the very latest
These jackets are all the
The
the height of fashion.
fashion. [very fashionable]
fashionable]
fashion. [an extremely fashionable way] Dresses like this are
are the
The magazine has up-to-the-minute fashion articles. [dealing with the most recent trends]
The
The
The
set a new
for the silk top
top the
the star wore. [[starteda
started a new
fashion] A A trend-setter is
film has
has seta
new trend forthe
new fashions
isa a
person whose style is followed by others.
High heels are on
on trend this year. [fashionable]
Large
[fashionablej
handbags are
this year's
year’s must-have item. [thing that everyone wants
wants]1
Ifa a fashion/trend
fashion/trend catches on,
arethis
it becomes popular. A A slave to fashion is someone who
who is strongly influenced by
by fashion. [used in
a a disapproving way] Your new
new outfit really suits you. [looks good on you]
D
in metaphors
Clothes in
tospeak
anything]
to
be hand in
inglove
to speak o'ft
off the
the cuff [without having prepared anything]
to be
glove with someone [to
relationship with someone] to do
do something ona
as
haveaa close working relationship
on a shoestring [spending as little as
possible]
no frills [simple and
and plain]
plainj to
put someone in
in
aa straitjacket [restrict someone’s
someone's freedom]
possible]
no
to put
to drawaa veil over something [not to talk about something] to
to have something up your sleeve [to
idea]
haveaa secret plan or idea]
40
40
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
17.1
17.1
Answer these questions.
11 what
What do you mean if you
you call someone ‘scruffy’?
2 2 What is the
ina a workplace you
arefamiliar
the dress code in
you are
familiar with?
33 What kinds of clothes are not appropriate for
foraa job interview?
44 What might be appropriate clothes to wear for
man and
and foraa woman?
foraa jobinterview
job interview foraa man
55 What is your favourite outfit?
6 6 And
And what accessories would be required forthis
for this outfit?
7 7 What would you put
puton
had a a dress-down day at
atwork?
on if you
you had
work?
88 What sorts of work require staff to
to wearaa uniform?
99 What kind of jobs need protective clothing to be
be worn?
findsaa particular outfit ‘invaluable’,
’invaluable’, does she mean it’s
it's very expensive,
10 Ifa a woman says she finds
extremely useful or absolutely useless?
17.2
17.2
orphrases
Fill the
the gaps with words or
phrases fromB
from B or
orCC opposite.
11 Wow, you're
. .. !! Where on earth are you
you’re done up to.
to .
you going?
22 The
no jeans or trainers.’
The sign outside the bar said: ‘Dress code: ........................... –— no
3 3 I’m
I'm surprised to see
see girls wearing such ........................... dresses in this cold weather.
44 I I can’t
can't afford ........................... clothes.
clothes.I I buy
buy most of
ofmy
on the
my outfits on
the
.
5 5 Lucy is always dressed in the
of fashion —– she
the ........................... of
she always looks very.
very . . . . . ! !
6 6 As
asAmy
hersmart
As soon as
Amy gets home from work, she changes from her
smart suit into tracksuit bottoms
andaa comfortable, ..........................., , old
old jumper.
and
77 Very high heels remain ........................... trend this season.
88 These bracelets were last year's
year’s ........................... -have item.
17.3
17.3
Rewrite the underlined parts of these sentences using phrases fromD
from D opposite.
11 I’m
I'm no
no good at
atspeaking
haven't had
had time to prepare whatI
speaking ifII haven’t
what I want tosay.
to say.
2 2 Simon is bound tohave
for tomorrow’s meeting.
to have some plan in readiness fortomorrow's
33 I I think we
don't you?
we should keep quiet about what happened on Monday, don’t
44 Be careful what you say
saytoHelen
to Helen –— she works very closely with the boss.
55 The
new legislation
legislation means we
arenotable
we are
not able to act as we
we wish.
The new
66 We'll
haveaa great party even if we
do it as
as cheaply as possible.
we have to do
We’ll still have
17.4
17.4
are more metaphorical uses of clothes words. Explain the
and metaphorical
Here are
the literal and
Useaa dictionary if necessary.
meanings ofthe
of the underlined words and expressions. Use
11 We'll
our belts if you
We’ll have to tighten our
you stop working full-time.
2 2 We
but were hemmed in by
by the
couldn't escape.
We wanted to
to leave but
the crowd and couldn’t
33 Phil’s
Phil's got
got so
so many books –— his room is bursting at the seams.
44 The
The negotiations have been cloaked in secrecy ever since they began.
55 If she
it'll be
be a a real feather in her
her cap.
she wins the prize again this year, it’ll
17.5
17.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
•• What is all the
the rage in your country at the moment?
•• When wasthelast
up to the nines?
was the last time you
you got dressed up
•• What do you think about people who
who areaa slave to fashion?
•• what
onaa dress-down Friday at work?
What would you wear on
•• What sort of people start new
new fashion trends?
•• What item of clothing would you most like to
to have made-to-measure?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
41
18
18
Home
Home styles, lifestyles
lifestyles
A
Home styles
Home
styles
AA squat
an empty building where people start living without the owner’s
owner's permission.
squat /skwDt/
/skwɒt/ is an
AA hovel
hovel /'hDvol/
isa a very small, dirty house or
orflat
ina a bad
bad (or run
run down)
down) condition.
/ˈhɒvəl/ is
flat in
unfurnished. [with or without furniture]
Rented accommodation can be either furnished
furnished or unfurnished.
A A penthouse
penthouse is
isa a luxury flat at
at the
ofa a building.
the top
top of
Council or social
housing is rented accommodation provided by the state for people who
Council
social housing
who have low
incomes.
council estate
such housing.
incomes.AA council
estate is
isa a large
large group
group of
ofsuch
housing.
High-rise (flats)
(flats) or
or tower
blocks are flats in
inaa tall, modern building witha
lotof
High-rise
tower blocks
with a lot
of floors.
A A granny
isa a set
set of
of rooms for
foran
relative's house.
granny flat
flat is
an elderly person, connected toaa relative’s
B
C
and expressions relating to hotise
and home
Idioms and
house and
home
expression
meaning
example
get
get onlikea
on like a
house on fire
get
onvery
get
on
very well with someone
a a household
word/name
something/someone everyone
knows
my mother-in-law and
andI I have always
Happily, my
got on
likea a house on fire.
on like
becomeaa household name.
Nike has become
on
house
on the
the house
free of charge
home truths
home
truths
information that is true but not
information
pleasant or welcome
It's time he was
It’s
was told some home truths
he's been behaving!
about the way
way he’s
nothing to write
home about
nothing special
hithome
hit
home
become fully understood or
fully felt
make yourself
at
make
yourself at
home
make yourself feel comfortable in
else's home
someone else’s
The
but nothing to write home
The town is OK
OK but
about.
The
of managing withouta
The difficulty of
without a regular
salary is hitting home now.
Please just make yourself at home while
II get
get dinner ready.
and metaphors relating to file
Idioms and
life
expression
meaning
example
of activity and
and
life in the
the fast lane aa way
way of life that is full of
excitement
Asa
Joe lived life in the
As a rock star, Joe
the
of
have thetime
the time of
your life
haveaa wonderful time
Paula's having the time of
ofher
Paula’s
her life
in Canada.
geta
new lease
get a new
of life
a a dog's
dog’s life
and active
become more energetic and
than before
aa very unhappy and difficult life
When Georgie moved jobs, she
she seemed
toget
new lease of life.
to getaa new
hadaa dog's
Ryan had
dog’s life in the
the army.
leadaa sheltered
lead
life
protected from
haveaa life that is protected
leadaa busy/
unpleasantness (also lead
quiet/normal, etc. life)
quiet/normal,
ledaa very sheltered life and
and
Kyoko has led
may find it hard to adapt tothe
bigcity.
may
to the big
city.
bea a matter
(not) be
of
and death
of life and
take your life in
be very serious
(not) be
new life
breathe new
into
new ideas and
and energy to
bring new
something
it's not
not a a matter
If we
we miss the last train, it’s
of life and
and death.
You're
You’re taking your life in your hands
go to the
if you
you cross the road here –— go
zebra crossing!
crossing!
When Orla joined the staff, she
she breathed
new life into the school.
new
your hands
42
42
The restaurant owner offered
offered us
us coffees on
on
the house.
the
do something very dangerous
do
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
fast lane.
Exercises
18.1
18.1
inAA opposite.
Complete the following table about the types of accommodation in
accommodation
accommodation
What kind
kind of
of person
person lives
lives there?
there?
What
Would
like to
to live
live there?
there? Why/
Why/
Would you
you like
Why
not?
Why not?
squat
Example:
Example:
a homeless person, or someone who
wants to make a political statement about
property ownership
I wouldn’t like it because you never know
when you might be evicted.
furnished accommodation
social housing
granny flat
high-rise
hovel
penthouse
18.2
18.2
inthese
andCC opposite.
Fill the
the gaps in
these sentences with words and phrases fromB
from B and
11 From themoment
on like
likea a house ............................ .
the moment we met, we
we got on
2 2 Jenna’s
Jenna's so selfish, she
she deserves to be tolda
told a few
few
.
33 The
new restaurant is OK
OK but
but nothing really to
The new
to ........................... .
4 4 So
So what that you
didn't get the
it's not
not a a matter of
of
you didn’t
the promotion –— it’s
.
55 I’m
I'm not sure I’d
I'd like to
haveaa celebrity lifestyle, living life in the
to have
the .. ... . .. .. ... .. ..... .
6 6 AsAsa a child, the
sheltered life in
ina a small village in the
of beyond.
the writer ...........................a a sheltered
the back of
77 We
and ........................... some new life into the
We need someone tocome
to come and
the project.
8 8 We
our holiday cottage.
We soon managed to
to ........................... ourselves at home in our
18.3
18.3
andCC opposite to replace the
in
Choose expressions fromB
from B and
the underlined words in
these sentences.
11 We
had the most marvellous time on
on holiday this year.
We had
2 2 As
as spring comes,I
as if I’m
I'm becoming energetic and
and active again.
aeain.
As soon as
comes, I feel as
33 The
makine themselves fully felt now.
The problems caused by the floods are only making
44 I I imagine that being
beingaa servant in the
and tedious.
the past must have been very hard and
55 All over the world, everybody knows about McDonald’s.
McDonald's.
66 He’s
He's takinea
bie risk if he
he gets in
ina a car
car with Ben
Ben at the wheel!
taking a big
77 Because we
we were such frequent customers, the restaurant gave usaa meal free.
8 8 Our
Our holiday apartment was
not particularly special in any
any way.
was quite adequate but not
18.4
18.4
aresome
andlife.
Use the
outwhat
Here are
some more expressions with home and
life. Use
the context to work out
what
theunderlined
the underlined expressions mean.
11 The poet said that he
he had
had had
hadaa period of depression but that he
he had
had never considered
takine
own life.
taking his own
2 2 The
duo's superb performance brought the house down.
The comedy duo’s
33 Our customers come from many different walks of
of life —– we
we have doctors, shop assistants,
computer programmers, you
you name it!
4 4 The
beaa house of
ofcards
didn't take much tobring
The system turned out to be
cards –— it didn’t
to bring it down.
55 Whenever my
my nephews arrive for
foraa visit, they eat us out of
of house and home.
66 I I love having George around –— you can rely on
on him
him to
be the
and soul of the party.
to be
the life and
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
43
19
Socialising and networking
A
Nouns forsocial
for social events
Real
Reply
Forward
Hi Rebecca,
How's life? Things have been really hectic on
on the
How’s
the social front here. It seems to be nothing but parties! Frankie and
and
Joe
had their
housewarming11 last week,
now that
in.A
lotof
our
week, now
that they've
they’ve decorated and
and got
got all their
their furniture
furniture in.
A lot
of our
Joe had
their housewarming
friends
lately:Josh
Mick's stag
stag party
party*2 last weekend
friends seem to
to be getting
getting married lately:
Josh went
went to
to his friend
friend Mick’s
weekend —– they
they went
went to
to
3
my old
old schoolmate Angela's
her hen
hen night
nights.
It's fancy
dress44 too.I
I'll
Spain for it! And
And next week, my
Angela’s having her
. It’s
fancy dress
too. I think I’ll
gogo asas Cleopatra.
Cleopatra.The
end of the month.
month.II think the
party55 will include
includeaa lot
lot of our
The wedding's
wedding’s at the end
the wedding
wedding party
our year
6
from school; that'll
be nice.
nice.They’re
reception atthe
posh.The
that’ll be
They’re having the
the reception
at the Royal Hotel, very posh.
The following week Josh
It'sa a black-tie
black-tie77 affair.
has got his annual company ball. It’s
I've got
launch party
party8 formy
new book coming up next month and
Meanwhile, I’ve
got the
the launch
for my new
andII have the
the usual girls'
girls’
99
night out
out with
and Izzie
Izzie every
every few
Oh, and
and there'sa
leaving do
do'100 atthe
office
next week.We’re
night
with Amy
Amy and
few weeks.
weeks. Oh,
there’s a leaving
at the offi
ce next
week. We’re
going to be exhausted by the end
end of
of the year!
Hope to
to hear from you soon,Jessx
soon, Jess x
11
aa party to celebrate moving to
new house or
orflat
beforeaa wedding for the
toaa new
flat 2 2a a party before
the future husband
and his male friends 3aa party night out
out before
beforeaa wedding forthefuture
and her female friends
and
for the future wife and
the main group of
close family and
° 4 everyone dresses up
up in costume 5 the
ofclose
and friends at
ataa wedding, rather than
6
to the reception aft
after
after
ortomeet
er the
the wedding ^a
a formal party, e.g. aft
era a wedding or
to meet an important visitor
77
a a formal event at
atwhich
men have towear
and black bow
bow ties and
and women wear evening dresses
which men
to wear dinner jackets and
8
aa party to celebrate the
new book orproduct
an evening out just for female friends
the publication ofaa new
or product 9 an
110
0
aa party to celebrate somebody leavinga a job
institution (do
(do is an
an informal noun)
job or institution
B
Networking
CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS
Advice on networking
HOME | ABOUT US | CONTACT
We
We interviewed some successful business people about networking. Here are
are
some of
oftheir
their comments.
Do lunch
lunch22 with useful people. Don’t
Don't be afraid to
to
‘Exchange11 business cards. Do
3
Go for it!’
hobnob with*
with the boss. Go
rub shoulders
‘Make sure you
you rub
shoulders with^
with4 the
the people who
who really matter. Every
networking.*
moment counts in networking.’
‘Socialising is meeting people purely for pleasure but networking is making
be useful to
or career, so,
contacts that
that are
are going
going to
to be
to your
your business or
so, don't
don’t just
just
leave it to
to chance —– plan your
your networking.’
be proactive
proactive5 in the
‘Try to
to be
the workplace.’
C
11
give each other
have lunch; informal
33
be friendly with someone
be
who
who is important or
famous, sometimes with
negative associations
44
mix socially with people;
mix
informal
55
taking action yourself
for
rather than waiting for
something to
to happen
22
Expressions forsocial
for social activity
the people
out with/
with / knocks
with. [spends social time with; informa
informal]
II don’t
don't like
like the
people Chris
Chris hangs
hangs out
knocks around
around with.
(Said
your host)I
host) I hope
not outstaying my
too long]
[Said to
toyour
hope I’m
I'mnotoutstaying
my welcome.
welcome. [staying too
Jamie’s
who loves going to parties]
Jamie'saa real
real party
party animal.
animal. [someone who
job –— everyone’s
foraa small group of
of
II hate
hate it
it at
at my
my new
new job
everyone's so
so cliquey.
cliquey. [a clique
clique is
isa a disapproving word for
people who
who spend time together and
and do
do not allow others to join them]
It
the club last
there with
crowd. [his group offriends/
of friends / the
the
It was
was good
good at
attheclub
last night.
night. Pete
Pete Esterhaus
Esterhaus was
was there
with his
hiscrowd.
people he socialises with; informal]
Lizzy
together. Are
Are they
they an
Lizzy and
and Rob
Rob are
are always
always together.
an item?
item? [having
[havingaa romantic relationship;
relationship; informal]
Joel
very happy
stood him
Joel isn’t
isn't very
happy because
because Molly
Molly stood
him up
up last
last night.
night. [didn’t
[didn't arrive foraa date they had
had made]
44
44
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
19.1
19.1
atAA opposite and
and decide what kind of party you
Look at
you might be invited to if:
1 1 a a friend of yours is about to
and is having
havingaa party before the wedding
to getmarried
get married and
on whether you are
are male or
orfemale).
(depending on
female).
22 you
helpaa friend celebrate on
day of their wedding.
you are going to help
on the
the day
33 some friends have just moved into
intoaa new
new flat.
4 4 a a friend has
has just had
had aa book published.
55 your local council is arranging for
for important people in the
the area to meetaa visiting dignitary.
6 6 you
up as characters from famous films.
you have friends who
who love dressing up
19.2
19.2
Rewrite these sentences by replacing the
the underlined words with an expression from the
the
may be more than one possible answer.
opposite page that means thesame
the same thing. There may
11 It’s
It's always good toseeTheo,
healways
to see Theo, but somehow he
always
manages tostay
to stay too
too long.
22 I’m
I'm going toaa dinner at the Royal Plaza Hotel tonight. It’s
It's an
an
and bow
bow tie.
event where vou
you have to wearaa dinner jacket and
3 3 Don’t
Don't forget your old
oldfriends
becomesaa hit
friends when your film becomes
and you're
and famous.
and
you’re socialising with the rich and
44 We're
haveaa night
nieht out
out just for us
us girls on
on Friday.
We’re going to have
5 5 We
do.She'sa
We must invite Jasmine to
to our do.
She’s a real lover of
parties!
6 6 Don’t
Don't always wait for
forpeople
do things for
foryou.
people to do
you. You
You
should be more prepared to take actionvourself.
yourself.
77 It’s
It's good toseeyou!
to see you! We
We must have lunch together sometime
and discuss business.
88 It irritates me
me the
he's always being
beine so friendly with
the way
way he’s
the managers.
19.3
19.3
one mistake in
each ofthese
of these sentences. Correct the mistakes.
There is one
ineach
11 He
He usually hangs over with his college friends at the
the weekend and they go to football matches
and things.
22 Nella and
and her
her friends are very clique. They don’t
don't mix
mix with anyone else.
3 3 I’d
I'd better go
go home now. You've
butI I don’t
don't want tostay
out my
my welcome.
You’ve been very kind, but
to stay out
44 She said she
she wanted togo
outwith
me, then she stood me
me down!
to go out
with me,
55 Rita and
and Nick are an
an article. They've
Didn't you
They’ve been together formonths.
for months. Didn’t
you know?
66 Laurie’s
Laurie's crowds are
arereally
people.I I often meet up with them in town.
really fun
fun people.
19.4
19.4
0Over
v e r tto
o you
•• Which of
ofthetypes
inA A have you had personal experience of? How
How did you
the types of party listed in
you
enjoy them?
•• Who
any of your friends party animals?
Who do you mostly knock around with? Are any
•• Have you ever rubbed shoulders with anyone famous? If not, who
who would you most like to
to
rub shoulders with?
rub
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
45
20
The performance arts: reviews and critiques
A
Useful adjectives for describing works and performances
That TV
TV series
overrated. [not as good as
That
series is
is overrated.
as people say]
The
so hackneyed! [done so often it is boring]
The plot was
was so
The
disjointed and
and difficult to
[unconnected and
and not in
ina a clear order]
The play was
was disjointed
to follow. [unconnected
The
bit far-fetched.
believe]
The film Green Aliens from iviars
Mars was
wasa a bit
far-fetched. [impossible to believe]
The
bitrisqué,
and some religious leaders criticised
criticised it. [/rɪˈskeɪ/
[/ri'skei/ against accepted social
The play was
wasaa bit
risqué, and
standards and
and likely to
to shock some people]
and keeping your attention the
It was
wasa a gripping film from start to finish. [exciting and
the whole time]
and refugee camps. [extremely upsetting]
upsetting]
It was
wasa a harrowing documentary about war and
It'sa a moving
moving story about
aboutaa child whose mother dies. [making you
It’s
you feel pity or sadness]
What
memorable/unforgettable performance.
performance. [you remember it long after]
Whataa truly
truly memorable/unforgettable
The ballerina’s
was understated.
The
ballerina's performance
performance was
understated. [done or expressed in
ina a simple but attractive style]
styles
The play was
was long and
The
and tedious. [boring]
[boring]
That new
new stand-up comedian is hilarious.
hilarious. [extremely funn
funny]
y1
Language help
The adjectives above can also be
The
be used about writing, e.g.
The plot of the novel is far-fetched/hilarious/gripping,
far-fetched/hiIarious/gripping, etc.
The
B
and failure
Success and
The
applause was
The audience clearly loved the play —– the applause
was
So it’s
it's not
not surprising
deafening. [clapping to show enjoyment] So
that it got
got glowing
reviews. [excellent reviews]
reviews]
glowing reviews.
The
The audience called for several encores
encores after his concert.
[/'oqko:z/ calls from the audience to perform some more]
[/ˈɒŋkɔːz/
She got
gotaa standing
andJuliet.
up and
and applauded at
atthe
She
standing ovation
ovation as Juliet in Pomeo
Romeo and
Juliet. [the audience stood up
the
end of the performance]
performance]
end
Her latest album has
has already won
awards. [prizes/honours, e.g. ‘Best album of
oftheYear’]
Her
won three awards.
the Year’]
Sam Dell won
up-and-coming actor’.
actor’ [likely to
successfulj
Sam
won the
the award for‘Best
for ‘Best up-and-coming
to become very successful]
The
critics generally
generally agree
agree that
her new
new symphony
symphony is
isa a masterpiece.
masterpiece. [very great work ofart]
The critics
that her
of art]
She
typecast as
TV drama
She has
has become
become typecast
asaa middle-aged
middle-aged mother
mother in
in TV
drama series.
series. [always associated with that
type of
of role]
His
was panned/slated
the critics,
which is
His latest
latest opera
opera was
panned/slated by
by the
critics, which
is strange,
strange, since
since all
all his
his previous
previous works
works have
have
been
been universally
universally lauded.
lauded. [very negatively criticised]
criticised] [highly praised]
The
bombed in London’s
London's West End, although it had
had been really successful in New
New York. [wasaa failures
The play bombed
failure]
The
audience]
The show was booed on thefirst
the first night. [got disapproving noises from the audience]
The
new TV
beaa total
The new
TV soap has turned out to be
total flop.
flop. [complete failure]
failure]
miscast as the father in that film; he
he was
unconvincing. [was the wrong
Novak was
was definitely miscast
was very unconvincing.
or true]
person forthe
for the role] [not seeming real or
C
Nouns relating to performing
didwell
audition and
and is now
now busy going to rehearsals
rehearsals forthe
Megan did
well in the
the audition
for the play. [short performance
where actors show what they can do,
do, hoping to get
getaa role] [practice performances]
performances]
II liked her
her interpretation
interpretation of the song ‘Yesterday’.
’Yesterday! [way of
ofunderstanding
and performing it]
it]
understanding and
II prefer the
exist] None of
ofthecovers
the original version
version by the Beatles. [one of several performances that exist]
the covers
are as good, in my
my opinion. [versions of songs that are not the original]
original]
are
The actor’s
of the
the mother
the film
very tender.
tender. [the picture she
The
actor's portrayal
portrayal of
mother in
in the
film was
was very
she created]
46
46
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
20.1
20.1
an adjective fromAA which is opposite
opposite in meaning tothefollowing
Give an
to the following words.
11 credible, believable ...........................
22 original, innovative . ... .. ... .. .. ... ...
3 3 underrated
...........................
20.2
20.2
4 4 exaggerated
5 5 coherent, smooth-flowing .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ...
6 6 fascinating
Now use
useother
inthese
Now
other adjectives fromAA instead of the
the underlined words in
these sentences.
any other changes that are necessary.
Make any
11 The
and was
The musical shocked some people because they thought it was
was immoral and
was attacked by
and religious figures.
several politicians and
2 2 Her
Her dance performance was
one of
ofthose
was one
those you
you will never forget, simply marvellous.
33 I I can’t
can't remember thelast
saw such
suchaa film that keeps you
and totally absorbed
the last timeI
time I saw
you in suspense and
all the
the time.
44 It was
me.
wasa a play that aroused very deep emotions in me.
5 5 It’s
It'sa a film that is difficult to
setting very upset.
to watch without getting
66 His first stand-up routine had
had the
the audience falling off their seats with laughter.
20.3
20.3
inthis
Fill the
the gaps in
this paragraph with words from the opposite page. The
The first letter is given
to help you.
Two
new musicals opened last week. The
beaa total 1’f............................
Two new
The first, Dogs, turned out to be
f
. It was
was loudly
3
bb ........................... by
by the
by critics, who
had praise only for the
lead's
the audience and
and3p...........................
p
by
who had
the male lead’s
22
4
4i
his role.
role. The
other show,
show, Danger,
Danger, has,
has, however,
however, received
received55gg ........................... reviews
reviews and
i ........................... ofof his
The other
and
6
has been
been givena
standing ^o
performance so
so far.
has
given a standing
o ........................... atat every
every performance
far.
20.4
20.4
and underline the
Read thetext
the text and
words or
orphrases
phrases that match the
the
Use aa dictionary
eight definitions. Use
if necessary.
11 the way
an actor creates
createsaa picture
way an
ofaa person
of
22 he/she is the
the wrong actor for
for
that part
33 aa film/book/play that keeps
you
you in suspense
44 keep you in suspense//
constantly excited
55 up-and-coming
66 aa film which huge numbers of
of
go and
and see
see
people will go
7 7 a a police or crime theme
88 aa very great work of
ofart
art
20.5
Cliffhanger not to be missed
In this latest blockbuster cops-and-robbers movie from the Holdart
Studios, budding Hollywood star Fletch Packline plays country-boy
Ricky Smart, who gets involved with a gang of criminals intent upon
stealing ten million dollars from a Chicago bank.
Packline’s portrayal of the
confused small-town boy caught
up in big city crime is convincing,
but Julia Fischer as his long-lost
sister is somewhat miscast.
Not a masterpiece, but it will
certainly keep you on the edge
of your seat.
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Think about performances that you
you have seen. What words from this unit could you
you use to
describe them or to talk about them?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
47
21
21
The visual arts
The
A
Changing tastes
T
Throughout
the the
centuries,
people
havehave
tended
to be
hroughout
centuries,
people
tended
to be
suspicious
of
the
new
art
movements
of
their
period.
suspicious of the new art movements of their period.
At At
thethe
end
of of
thethe
19th
century,
forfor
example,
people
were
end
19th
century,
example,
people
were
1 1
shocked
byby
Impressionism
, criticising
itsits
practitioners
shocked
Impressionism
, criticising
practitioners
2 2
3
asas
careless
daubers
. Later,
when
faced
with
Cubist
careless
daubers
. Later,
when
faced
with
Cubist3
paintings,
the
public
were
puzzled
by
those
too.
The
paintings, the public were puzzled by those too. The
4 4
5 5
6 6
Surrealists
initially
deemed
Op-art
Surrealistswere
were
initially
deemedcrazy.
crazy.
Op-artwas
was
7 7
criticised
because
itsits
subject
matter
said
to to
consist
criticised
because
subject
matterwas
was
said
consist
of of
nothing
of of
significance.
However,
nowadays,
liking
nothing
significance.
However,
nowadays,
liking
8 8
Surrealism
or
Op-art
is
considered
perfectly
acceptable,
Surrealism or Op-art is considered perfectly acceptable,
9 9
and
images
from
these
schools
of of
artart
appear
and
images
from
these
schools
appear
everywhere,
from
posters
to to
advertising
campaigns.
everywhere,
from
posters
advertising
campaigns.
Perhaps
because
of of
thethe
ubiquity
of of
advertising,
people
Perhaps
because
ubiquity
advertising,
people
10 10
tend
to
be
more
visually
literate
than
they
used
to to
be,be,
tend to be more visually literate than they used
11 11
and
so
are
perhaps
inured
to
surprises.
Perhaps
new
and so are perhaps inured to surprises. Perhaps new
movements
in in
artart
will
meet
with
less
hostility
in in
future.
movements
will
meet
with
less
hostility
future.
11,33,44, 6, 8
’ , ’‘’ types of
of artist and
and schools of art
artof
150 years 22 someone who
and carelessly
of the last 150
who paints quickly and
77
0
5
artmovement
art
(disapproving) ^ considered; formal
content 99 art
movement ‘10
educated with regard to art
11
by
not affected by
B
for commenting on art
Words forcommenting
art
new in
ina a special and
and interesting way
predictable)
original: new
way (opp. ——= predictable)
disapproving) (opp. =—— lowbrow)
highbrow: intended foreducated,
for educated, intelligent people (often disapproving)
[opp. ——= transparent)
impenetrable: extremely difficult to
to understand (opp.
and understanding (opp. =—— primitive)
sophisticated: showing advanced skills and
challenging:
to be
challenging: demanding considerable effort to
be understood (opp.
[opp. ——= undemanding)
pedestrian)
dazzling: inspiring great admiration because it is brilliant in some way (opp. ——= pedestrian)
up images and
and memories (opp.
[opp. ——= uninspiring)
uninspiring)
evocative: calling up
thought-provoking: making people think (opp. ——= unstimulating)
exquisite: having rare beauty or delicacy (opp. =—— clumsy)
intriguing: interesting because it is strange or mysterious (opp. ——= dreary)
[opp. ——= run-of-the-mill)
peerless: better than any other (opp.
tongue-in-cheek: not intended to be taken seriously, despite appearing serious (opp. ——= earnest)
priceless: extremely valuable (opp. ——= worthless)
skilful: clever, masterly, done well (opp. ——= poorly done)
C
Art and metaphor
Artand
how words connected with art
artcan
literature.
Notice how
can be used when talking about literature.
The
ina a fascinating light. Minor characters are more shadowy or
orsketchy
The writer paints his hero in
sketchy
but they are also depicted quite powerfully, even though thefocus
is,
inevitably,
on
the
the focus
on the two
two
central characters. These are
areportrayed
portrayed with great sensitivity. The
The heroine is particularly
colourful and
and we
we see how
how her character is shaped and moulded by
byevents.
saytheauthor
events. Some say
the author
illustrates his motifs in
ina a black-and-white fashion, but
but the
image
he
creates
to
illuminate
the
the
evils of slavery will remain with me
me forever.
for ever.
48
48
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
21.1
21.1
Chooseaa word from thetext
Choose
the text inA A opposite to answer thequestions.
the questions.
11 what
artwhich
What is the
the early 20th century school of art
which shows unusual or impossible things happening?
22 What is the
mid 20th century school of art
artwhich
the mid
which has its origins in optical illusions?
3 3 What is the
artwhich
asaa set of geometric
the early 20th century school of art
which depicts people or objects as
shapes?
44 What is the
on
the late 19th century school of art whose aim was torepresent
to represent the effects of light on
people or scenes?
55 What phrase can
can be used to mean thecontent
ofart?
the content ofaa painting or other work of
art?
6 6 What phrase can
can be used to describe someone with an
an educated understanding of
of art?
21.2
21.2
and answer thequestions.
Read thesentences
the sentences and
the questions.
11 Finn enjoys painting but
but he’s
he'saa dauber not
not an artist.
low opinion of Finn’s
Finn's work?
Does thespeaker
the speaker haveaa high or low
22 Curious as it now
now seems, the artist’s
artist's work was deemed morally dangerous.
Is this sentence more likely to
to come froma
from a formal or informal source?
33 The
now inured to criticism.
criticism.
The sculptor is now
How is the
by criticism?
How
the sculptor affected by
4 4 While at
at art school, Matilda was
was particularly interested in the
the Cubist school of art.
What is the
artschool
and school of art?
the difference between art
school and
21.3
21.3
attheadjectives
Look at
the adjectives inBB opposite. Divide them into these categories:
usually positive associations
21.4
21.4
usually negative associations negative or positive associations
inBB and
and think ofaa work ofart(of
Choose one ofthe
of the words from each pair of opposites in
of art (of
any kind) that you
any
you could apply it to.
to. Writea
Write a sentence explaining why
why it applies.
example I think that the paintings by Salvador Dali could be called intriguing, because he uses such curious and surprising images.
21.5
2L5
Choose the correct word to complete these sentences.
highbrow / drearyf/ lowbrow as
11 I I think that the artist’s
artist's cartoons are usually rather highbrow/
as they are
intended to appeal toaa mass audience.
artist sent in an
one was
was sure whether it was
was
22 When an
anartist
an ordinary red brick to an
an exhibition, no
no one
impenetrable
impenetrablel/ run-of-the-millf / tongue-in-cheek or intended as
asaa serious statement.
his later pieces are surprisingly
33 Although the artist’s
artist's early work is very sophisticated, some of
ofhis
primitivef / thought-provokingl/ original in style.
4 4 I I find pictures of dull grey street scenes rather dreary
dreary// peerlessf / dazzling.
The design on
earnestl/ exquisite/
exquisite / transparent —– however did
they manage to
to
55 The
on that china plate is Iarnest
didthey
paint such fine detail?
6 6 Although his photographs are
are quite Ihallengingl
challenging / evocativef / intriguing, it is worth making the
the
effort to
to understand them.
2L6
21.6
Makeaa verb-noun-adjective
verb–noun–adjective word formation table with these words fromC
from C opposite.
paint
21.7
sketch
depict
portray
colour
shape
illustrate
illuminate
Over to
to you
Over
the websites of well-known museums and
of the works of
Visit the
and art galleries and
and look at some oftheworks
of
art in them. Use words from this unit to describe the works you see.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
49
22
Talking about books
A
Blurbs
AA blurb
blurb is
isa a short text, usually printed on
ofaa book, describing what thebook
on the
the back cover of
the book is
about
from critics.
about and
and sometimes
sometimes including
including quotes
quotes from
critics. Here
Here are
are some
some examples.
examples.
Women of
ofSnow
Sno+I' isa
Woman
is a poignant'
poignant1
chronicle’
inaa small
chronicle2 of childhood in
American town. Nora Delaye is the
the
youngest child in a…
a... as•n
read nose
more››
The third novel by
by this acclaimed’
acclaimed3
writer, this isa a compelling‘
compelling4 tale
of mystery, love and
and betrayal ina
in a
lugubrious’
lugubrious5 setting reminiscent of
the..
. as•n
the…
read uoee›
more ›
A A macabre‘
macabre6 and chilling77 account
of an
an unsolved
of
unsolved murder
murder that
that tearsa
tears a
village
apart... read
se•o more
roes››
village apart…
A A page-turner'
of brilliant
page-turner8 full of
ofinsight’
and an
moments of
insight9 and
an
isa a
unparalleled depth offeeling,
of feeling, this is
11
gripping'100 and
and enigmatic
enigmatic''
tale that
gripping
in... read
aeon more
uonz››
unfolds in…
AA breathtaking'
achievement,aa
breathtaking122 achievement,
journey ofself-discoverythat
of self-discovery that enchants
and
of
and saddens, withaa combination of
wry"
andevocative"
wry13 humour and
evocative14 scenes
of life in…
in... read
eean more
uoae››
eponymous'155
Jim Lawless, the eponymous
protagonist"
protagonist16 of Arkrow's
Arkrow’s latest novel,
isa a confused young man
man seeking
seekingaa
is
inlife.
meaning in
life. It is an
an engaging"
engaging17 tale,
which.
.. ez»n
which…
read uoez
more››
1
/'poinjant/
/ˈpɔɪnjənt/ moving and sad
ofevents
description ofaa sequence of
events
33
by the
praised by
the public
4 4 very interesting and
and engaging
22
55
and gloomy (lugubrious is
rather dark, mournful and
often used of
of people too)
6 /ma'ka:bra/
/məˈkɑːbrə/ often cruel or disgusting, concerned with
death
7
causing great fear
8
powerful story that keeps you
interested
you interested
B
Some other types of books
99
the ability to
to understand what something is
really like
so interesting or exciting that it holds your
sointeresting
attention totally
attention
11
11
mysterious
12
amazing
113
3
in
the face
face of
in the
ofaa bad
bad situation
situation
114
4
which arouse memories or
or images
115
5
who has
hasthe
same
name
asthetitle
of the
the
as
the title of
the book
116
6
main character
117
7
pleasant and
and interesting
110
0
AA journal
isa a written record of what you have done each day, e.g.
e.g.a a learning journal. It is also
alsoaa
journal is
publication containing academic articles, published at regular intervals, e.g. every three months.
publication
Memoirs /'memwa:z/
person's own
own life, typically by
byaa politician
politician or
or
Memoirs
/ˈmemwɑːz/ areaa written record ofaa person’s
military figure.
An
isa a book or
orsetofbooks
An encyclopedia
encyclopedia is
set of books containing articles arranged in alphabetical order, dealing
with the whole of
ofhuman
human knowledge or
or part of it.
AnAn anthology
anthology is
isa a collection of, for
orshort
by different authors.
for example, poems or
short stories by
A A manual
manual is usually
usuallyaa technical book with instructions, for example,
example,aa car
car manual.
AA logbook
logbook is
isa a book that records events, times, etc., for
by
for example, all the
the journeys made by
aa lorry or
or ship.
C
Other expressions fortalking
for talking about books
I’m
readingaa book
the history
compulsive reading.
to stop once you've
you’ve
I'mreading
book about
about the
history of
of Ireland.
Ireland. It’s
It's compulsive
reading. [difficult
fdifficult to
started; format
formal] Or
of those
those books
you just
just can’t
down. [[informal}
informal] It’s
very informative.
Or It’s
It's one
one of
books you
can't put
put down.
It's very
informative.
[gives
[givesa a lot of useful information]
information]
Nancy
was ahead
its time.
time. [contained
Nancy Riley’s
Riley's novel
novel about
about mental
mental breakdown,
breakdown, published
published in
in 1950,
1950, was
ahead of
ofits
ideas that no
or discussed at that time] Her
Exciting Careers
no one
one else had
had yet thought of
ofor
Her 1955
1955 book
book Exciting
Careers for
for
Women
time, though
though the
the ideas
tame and
Women was
wasaa product
product of
of its
its time,
ideas seem
seem tame
and old-fashioned,
old-fashioned, even
even gendergenderbiased,
biased, now.
now. [a reflection of that time]
Bertram’s
fact
Bertram's latest
latest novel
novel is
is not
not a a difficult
difficult book;
book; in
in fact
Common mistakes
it’s
it's rather
rather lightweight.
lightweight. [not complex; slightly negative
An
An academic publication containing
connotation]
connotation] It’s
It's good
good bedtime
bedtime reading.
reading. [nice to
articles by
by different authors that is issued
read in bed] His
one was
was heavy
going and
just
His last
last one
heavy going
andII just
periodically
(e.g. three timesa
times a year) is
couldn’t
get into
to read] [become involved/
couldn't get
into it.
it. [difficult to
calleda
journal
normally
called
a
journal
(NOT magazine).
engage with] Nonetheless,
books always
Nonetheless, his
hisbooks
always attract
attractaa
wide readership.
people who
who read them]
wide
readership. [number of
ofpeople
50
50
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
22.1
22.1
Which names for
or other reading material fromB
for types of books or
from B opposite would best fit
these statements?
11 It’s
It's by
by General Rogers, who
who led the allied forces during the recent war.
22 It’s
It's so
so badly writtenI
don't know how anyone could learn how
how to use
use the
written I don’t
the machine by reading it.
3 3 I I recommend it. If you
it's excellent.
excellent.
you want toreada
to read a typical selection of modern poets, it’s
4 4 The
containsaa paper by Professor Susan Frith, in which she presents
presentsaa new
new theory of
of
The latest issue contains
the human mind.
22.2
22.2
Rewrite these sentences using words or
or phrases from theopposite
the opposite page to describe the
experience of reading particular books.
11 I I just could not seem tobecome
to become involved in the
the story, soI
so I stopped reading it.
2 2 It’s
It's not
not very serious, and
and it’s
it's easy to read.
33 It’s
It's dense and very difficult to
to read.
4 4 Take it to
bed with you; it’s
it's just right when you're
atnight.
to bed
you’re settling down at
night. All the
the timeI
time I was
was reading
it,I I just couldn’t
couldn't wait to get to the next page.
it,
55 You
it's so
so fascinating.
You find yourself wanting to read more, it’s
fascinating.
6 6 The
of useful information.
information.
The book is full of
77 Her
Her second novel did not attract
attractaa large number of
ofreaders.
readers.
88 This book contains some great moments oftrue
of how
how things are.
of true understanding of
9 9 It is
isa a pleasantly interesting tale about
aboutaa boy who
an injured bird.
who nurses an
10 Mena Harrap’s
Harrap's self-help book wasa
but what was true in the
10
was a reflection of the
the time it was
was written, but
the
doesn't necessarily apply nowadays.
1980s doesn’t
22.3
22.3
Fill the
the gaps in
these sentences with appropriate adjectives from theopposite
the opposite page,
inthese
based on
brackets.
on the meaning in
inbrackets.
11 The
againstaa rather ........................... background in 18th-century London.
The story takes place against
and gloomy)
(mournful and
22 It’s
It's full of
of ........................... comedy and satire. (humour despite
despiteaa bad
bad situation)
3 3 The
isa a ........................... documentation
documentation of
ofabuse
ina a prison. (frightening)
The book is
abuse in
4 4 The
The novel is full of
of ........................... passages depicting life in Australia at the
the turn of the 19th century.
orimages)
(arousing memories or
images)
55 It’s
It'sa a very ........................... novel; you
you never really know what is happening until right at the
the end.
(mysterious, puzzling)
66 The
isa a ........................... portrayal of life in
ina a coal-mining community during the last economic
The novel is
and very sad)
recession. (moving and
77 John Farr’s
Farr's latest novel is
isa a ........................... masterpiece.
masterpiece. (very impressive, great)
88 House of
oftheDead
isa a ........................... story of torture and
and death in
ina a medieval castle. (cruel and
and
the Dead is
dark)
99 The
novel's ........................... heroine, Maria Selune, leaves home at
attheageof18andtravels
The novel’s
the age of 18 and travels through
Asia. (who has
hasthesame
asthebook's
the same name as
the book’s title)
10 Laisha and
and Asoka are
arethe
characters)
10
the ........................... in this unusual tale of rural family life. (main characters)
22.4
22.4
Match thethings
the things you
you might find in particular kinds of books with an appropriate type of
of book.
11 aa section on
on ‘troubleshooting’// problem-solving
22 an
an article about waterfalls, with pictures
33 aa record ofaa recent examination or test of
ofaa lorry
44 aa day-to-day record of life during
duringaa war
war in 1776
22.5
22.5
Q
Q
aa encyclopedia
bb journal
c c manual
dd logbook
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Think of
ofaa book you read and
and enjoyed recently.
recently. Which words from this unit describe it best?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
51
2Ü
23
Food:
Food:aa recipe
recipe for disaster
disaster
A
Describing food products
and globalised, and
and so
so knowing what
Food production has become increasingly industrialised and
ourfood
has become more and more important. Labels do
do not always help. Adjectives
our
food contains has
1
such as ‘wholesome
‘wholesome*’,
and ‘homemade’ can be rather vague and meaningless, while
’, ‘farm fresh’ and
the international numbering system foradditives
for additives22 is often incomprehensible to people. Some
familiar descriptions, however, do
do have
haveaa clear official meaning, forexample
‘wholefoods33’,
for example ‘wholefoods
’,
44
55
no artificial colours or preservatives6!’. Clear
‘free-range eggs’, ‘gluten-free bread’ or ‘contains no
and scientifically accurate descriptions can
can be
be vital for
and
for people who
who suffer from food allergies77
88
and forvegetarians
ina a product, as well as being
and
for vegetarians or vegans who
who want toknow
to know exactly what is in
unprocessed99 foods, or those concerned about
important forconsumers
for consumers looking fornatural
for natural or unprocessed
11
may wish to avoid food produced by battery-farming
battery-farming*’
animal welfare‘
welfare100 who
who may
methods and so
112
2
on.With
on.
With the growth in popularity of convenience foods
foods ,, alongside public health concerns over
bad diet and
and obesity, simple and
and unambiguous nutrition labels
Iabels‘133 are more important than ever.
bad
144
An
ofaa simple system is traffic-light labelling
labelling‘ ,which
An example of
, which indicates high (red), medium
and salt. Finally, good labelling tells us
us
(amber) or low (green) levels of such things as fat, sugar and
5
15
where thefood
and under what conditions, for example fair trade‘
the food was
was produced and
trade products.
1
good foryou
for you
substance added tofood
to food to improve its taste or appearance or to preserve it
33
foods that have not had any of
oftheir
oranyartificial
their natural features taken away or
any artificial substances added
44 produced by farm animals that are allowed to move around outside and
and are not kept in cages or stalls
5
not containing
containingaa protein which is contained in wheat and some other grains
not
6
chemicals used to stop food from decaying
77
makesaa person become ill oror develop skin or breathing problems because they have eaten
condition that makes
certain foods or been near certain substances. The
The related adjective is allergic (to).
88
noteator
person who
who does not
eat or use any animal products, such as meat, fish, eggs or cheese
9
which have not been treated with chemicals that preserve them or
orgive
give them extra taste or colour
110
0
taking care of animals
11
system of
ofproducinga
ofsmall
producing a large quantity of eggs or meat cheaply by keepingaa lot of birds in rows of
small cages
12
foods that are almost ready to eat or are quick to prepare
113
^ labels that indicate how
how the
the food influences your health
114
4 labels with colours like traffic lights that give information on
on nutrition
115
’aa way ofbuying
and selling products that makes certain that the original producer receives
receivesaa fair price
of buying and
22
B
Food metaphors
and her ex-husband to the same party was
[situation sure to lead to]
Inviting Sophie and
wasaa recipe for disaster. [situation
When asked why
didn't turn up
up to the exam, he cooked up
upaa story about his kitchen being
why he didn’t
flooded. [made up,
up,invented]
invented]
The
has all
ingredients of
ofaa box
box office hit. [all the
The film has
all the
the ingredients
the necessary characteristics]
I'm not
not going to call him. I’m
I'm going to let him
him stew foranother
atleast.
I’m
for another few days at
least. [worry or suffer,
person's fault; you
stew in
inyour
own juice]
especially about something you think is that person’s
you can
can also say
say stew
your own
juice]
It's kind of you
me, but
but ballet isn’t
isn't really my
my cup
cup of
ofthing
liked
It’s
you to invite me,
of tea.
tea. [not the
the type of
thing thatI
that I like]
The
but eventually let him
him go.
go. [asked
[askedaa lot of questions]
The police grilled the
the suspect forhours,
for hours, but
I'm sure this is going to be another of
of his half-baked schemes that will never come toanything.
I’m
to anything.
or not
not thought through properly]
[unrealistic or
Let's hire
hireaa karaoke machine —– that'll
up the office party. [make more lively]
lively]
Let’s
that’ll spice up
has started hanging around with some unsavoury characters. [unpleasant,
[unpleasant, morally offensive]
offensive]
Rick has
They started their business with high hopes but
butthings
things soon turned sour. [went wrong]
Let's go
go fora
and you
can tell me
me all the
and interesting]
interesting]
Let’s
for a coffee and
you can
the juicy
juicy gossip. [exciting and
52
52
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
23.1
23.1
Read thecomments
the comments and then answer thequestions.
the questions.
Carlos
Beth
I I can't
be bothered cooking.
can’t be
I I just buy
buy ready-made meals
and tins of stuff.
and
II never buy
buy eggs that come
from battery farms. They
have no flavour.
Rowan
Hannah
me that farm
It worries me
animals are sometimes
treated so
so badly.
Thomas
Atsuko
II want my
my food to be
100% natural.
11 Who
Who is concerned about animal welfare?
2 2 Who
Who wants food without additives?
33 Who
usesaa fair trade product?
Who uses
23.2
23.2
can’t eat curry. It makes me
I I can't
me
come out
in red
outin
red spots.
I I always buy coffee that
gives growers in developing
countries
countriesaa decent price.
44 Who
hasaa food allergy?
Who has
55 Who
Who uses convenience foods?
66 Who
prefersaa free-range product?
Who prefers
Complete the sentences. The
The first letter of the
the missing word is given.
11 The
nonn ........................... information, so
soI I didn’t
didn't know if it was
The label gave no
was good forme.
for me.
22 The t...........................
- ........................... system of
of labelling is easy to understand with just three
t
familiar colours.
33 I I try
my diet as
as w...........................
as possible and
and not eat things whichI
arebad
try to
to make my
w
as
which I know are
bad
for
me.
for me.
44 It’s
It's sometimes difficult to
to findu
find u ........................... foods –— everything seems tocontain
to contain chemicals or
preservatives of some kind.
55 My
My sister has
has to
haveaa gg........................... - ........................... diet as
as wheat makes her
herill.
to have
ill.
6 6 The
governingbb ........................... f...........................
were changed recently and
and birds must have
The laws governing
f
larger cages now.
77 I’m
I'maa vegetarian but
butI I don’t
don't thinkI
becomeaa v............................
think I could ever become
v
.I I would find the
the diet too
too
restrictive.
restrictive.
8 8 My
My diet is mostly natural foods because
becauseI I buy
buy a a lot of w............................
w
.
23.3
23.3
Rewrite these sentences using the metaphors fromB
from B opposite. You
You are givena
given a clue in brackets.
11 My
My mother asked me
me aa lot of very searching questions about whereI
where I had been last night. (grill)
2 2 I I feel
feelI I need something more exciting to make my
my life more interesting. (spice)
3 3 What's
me in on
on all the
What’s been happening recently? You
You must fill me
the interesting gossip. (juice)
4 4 Don’t
Don't tell her
her that her phone has
hasbeen
Let her suffer fora
be
been found. Let
for a bit longer –— perhaps she'll
she’ll be
more careful with it in future. (stew)
5 5 He
He wanted me
me togo
isn't somethingI
to go tothematch
to the match with him, but rugby just isn’t
something I like. (tea)
6 6 They lived together happily for
but things changed fortheworse
for many years, but
for the worse when his mother
came tolive
to live with them. (sour)
7 7 Patience combined with interest in your pupils is bound tolead
to lead to success for
foraa teacher. (recipe)
8 8 Jake’s
Jake's ideas are never thought through properly. (bake)
99 There were some very unpleasant and
and offensive characters at that party. (savoury)
10 He
He has
has invented
inventedaa crazy scheme for
formaking
has all the
10
making money on theinternet.
the internet. It has
the necessary
ofaa complete disaster. (cook, ingredient).
characteristics of
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
53
Dinner’s on me: entertaining and
eating out
24
A
Paying the bill
We’ll split
split the
the bill,
we? [either each person will pay
the bill will be
We'll
bill, shall
shall we?
pay for himself/herself, or the
be divided equally
between all the
the participants]
participants1
Lunch
on me
today. [I am
for you; informal]
Lunch is
is on
me today.
am paying foryou;
to join us
for dinner at the City Plaza hotel? [come with us]
Would you like to
us for
We’d like
you to
to be
We'd
like you
be our
our guest.
guest. [we will pay; formal]
formal]
Let
get this.
this. [pay the bill; informal]
Let me
me get
informal]
was wined
wined and
the New
York office.
to restaurants]
II was
and dined
dined every
every night
night by
by the
New York
office. [invited
[invited out
out to
restaurants]
B
Describing service
the High Street, and
A A new
new Italian restaurant called Bella Roma has
hasjust opened in the
and
we went there the other night to try it.
couldn’t help comparing it to
to the
the Casa
we
it.I I couldn't
Italia,
we ate
last week. In the
the Bella Roma, theservice
the service was
was impeccable1
ltalia, where we
atelast
2
and
the Casa Italia
the new
and quick; at the
ltalia it’s
it's always
alwaysaa bit sluggish .. In the
new place the
33
4
and friendly without being overbearing .In
waiters are courteous and
. In the
the other place they tend to
and the
brusque66,whichI
But at Bella Roma
be sullen’
sullen5 and
the service is rather brusque
, which I find very off-putting7.. But
they'll
go out
they’ll go
out of
of their way
way8 to give you
you what you want.
11
perfect, cannot be faulted
rather slow
33
polite
44
too confident, too
too inclined to tell people what todo
to do
22
C
55
bad-tempered, unwilling to smile
^6 quick and
and rude
77
do not
not want togo
makes you feel you
you do
to go there again
88
do everything possible
Food preferences
II have
haveaa sweet tooth and
and can never say no
no to cakes or biscuits.
biscuits. [love sweet things]
won’t have dessert, thanks. You're
You’re lucky being so slim, but
II won't
but I’m
I'm afraid
afraidII have to count the calories
calories//
to be
calorie-conscious these
these days.
careful how
II have
have to
beaa bit
bitcalorie-conscious
days. [be
[becareful
how many calories
caloriesI I eat]
I’ll
just have
of dessert,
dessert, please.
ofaa particular food that is served to one
one person]
I'll just
haveaa small
small portion
portion of
please. [amount of
to end
the meal
with something
savoury, like
II like
like to
end the
meal with
something savoury,
like cheese.
cheese. [salty in flavour, or
or with herbs]
Ben’s
ofaa fussy
fussy eater.
eater. [person who
who has
Ben'saa bit
bitof
has very particular demands when eating]
eating]
No, thanks,I
won't have wine. I’m
I'm teetotal.
No,
thanks, I won’t
teetotal. [never drink alcohol]
Before
the restaurant, do
you have any particular dietary requirements? [special needs or
BeforeI I book therestaurant,
do you
or
things someone cannot eat; formal]
won’t have
wine, thanks.I
thanks. I don’t
to overdo it.
II won't
have any
any more
more wine,
don't want
want tooverdo
it. [eat or drink too much]
D
Entertaining at home
A: Why not
come home
eat with
You’ll have
to take pot
though. [eat what we're
we’re eating,
A:Why
notcome
home and
andeat
with us?
us? You'll
have totake
pot luck,
luck, though.
nothing special]
B:
Thank you.
you. Shall
B: Thank
ShallII bring
bringaa bottle?
bottle? [usually meansaa bottle of wine]
A: Should
ShouldI I wearaa suit on
on Friday?
No, no,
no, it isn’t
isn'ta a dinner party, it’s
it's just an
an informal get-together.
get-together. [rather formal dinner with guests]
B: No,
of people meeting for
meal/drinks, etc.]
etc.]
[informal group of
foraa meal/drinks,
A: Does
want seconds?
seconds? [a second helping/serving ofaa dish]
A:
Does anyone
anyone want
B: Oh,
Oh, yes
yes please. It was
was delicious.
A: Can
Can II pour you some juice? Say
Say when.
me whenI
when. [tell me
when I have served enough]
[‘That's enough, thanks’]
B: When!
When! [‘That’s
A: Help
yourself to
to some
A:
Help yourself
some nibbles.
nibbles. [things like nuts, crisps, etc., before
beforeaa meal]
A: We
can graba
eat on
on the
[haveaa quick meal]
We have to
to leave at six. We
We can
grab a bite to eat
the way. [have
Or we
getthere.
[ready-cooked meal bought totake
B: Or
we could getaa takeaway when we get
there. [ready-cooked
to take home]
54
54
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
24.1
24.1
Rewrite the underlined parts of these
sentences using expressions fromAA opposite.
11 When we eat
eatout
outas
asaa group, each person
own food and
and drink.
usually pays fortheir
for their own
(Useaa shorter expression meaning the
thesame.)
(Use
same.)
22 Let
Let me
me pay
nav for
forthis
can pay
pay next time.
this one. You
You can
an informal expression.)
(Use an
expression.)
33 Visitors to
company's head office in
to the
the company’s
arealways
London are
always taken out to the best
[Useaa phrase with two
two words
restaurants. (Use
which rhyme with each other.)
4 4 Fancy
Fancv coming
comine with us forlunch
for lunch tomorrow?
[Useaa more formal expression.)
(Use
expression.)
55 No,
No, please. Put
Put your credit card away. I’m
Fm
[Use an
expression.)
inviting you
you for dinner. (Use
an informal expression.)
66 I’d
I'd like to
pay for
at the
[Useaa formal expression.)
to pay
for you
you at
the theatre tomorrow night. (Use
24.2
24.2
Rewrite the underlined parts of these sentences using expressions from the
the opposite
and drink preferences.
preferences.
page to describe food and
11 I I never drink alcohol. (Use an
an adjective.)
adjective.)
2 2 I I don’t
don't really like sweet thines.
[Use an
things. (Use
an idiom.)
33 Are
mustn't eat? (Use
[Useaa formal/polite
formallpolite expression.)
expression.}
Are there thines
things you
you can't
can’t or mustn’t
4 4 Just
Justaa small amount of
offood
please.I I don’t
don't want toeattoomuch.
food (use one
one word) forme,
for me, please.
to eat too much.
an expression that means the
thesame.}
(Use an
same.)
55 She’s
She's become very careful about how
how many calories she’s
she's eating.
eatine. (Give two
two different ways
ofsaying
thing.]
of
saying the same thing.)
6 6 Sasha is such
suchaa choosy person when it comes tofood.
It's difficult to
she likes.
to food. It’s
to find things she
an expression that means the
thesame.}
(Use an
same.)
24.3
24.3
Give words from the opposite page which contrast with or are the opposite of these phrases.
11 aa sweet dish
22 aa friendly waiter
33 aa formal gathering
44 rude staff
5 5 quick service
66 dreadful service
24.4
24.4
Which expressions on
on the opposite page mean:
11 eat
eatwhatever
notaa special dish foryou?
whatever your hosts are eating at home, not
for you?
22 tell me
me when I’ve
I've poured enough in your glass?
33 get
getaa quick meal or
orsome
nottakea
some other food that does not
take a long time?
44 small items you
beforeaa meal, or perhaps at
ataa reception?
you eat before
55 another portion of what you have just eaten?
66 aa semi-formal party in someone’s
someone's house, probably not
notaa meal?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
55
25
On the road: traffic and driving
A
and traffic regulations
Driving and
UK, you
and at
ataa roundabout,
roundabout, where traffic
In the
the UK,
you must give way
way11 at
ataa give-way sign and
traffic coming from the
has the
right has
the right of way
way22.You
. You must give way
way to pedestrians ataa pedestrian crossing33..
sounding/beeping 44 your horn is prohibited, except in emergencies.
In some countries, sounding/beeping
emergencies.
red light is
isa a serious offence, as
as is reckless
reckless66 driving.
In most countries, jumping
jumping55aa red
can result in
ina a heavy fine
imprisonment.
fine or imprisonment.
In many parts of the world, drink-driving 7 or drug-driving88 can
10
may be
be asked by
byaa police officer
breathalyser’9 test. Hit-and-run
Hit-and-run10
accidents are almost
Drivers may
officer to
to takea
take a breathalyser
always considered to be
be grave offences and
may result in
ina a ban
ban1111 forseveral
imprisonment.
and may
for several years and/or imprisonment.
UK, less serious breaches of
oftraffic
may lead to penalty points1122 on
In the
the UK,
traffic regulations may
on the driver's
driver’s licence.
13
fines
may be
be issued forcareless
and other offences.
offences.
In many countries, on-the-spot
on-the-spot13
fines may
for careless driving and
4
and the car must be
must meet certain standards, and
In the
the European Union, exhaust emissions
emissions114
115
5
includesaa minimum depth of
oftyre
baId117’ tyre is against
roadworthy ,, which includes
tyre tread1166:: driving witha
with a bald
the law.
11
stop ataa junction before entering
enteringaa bigger road 22 is allowed to go before other traffic
often
traffic 3 3 oft
en calleda
called a
44
zebra crossing when it has
has black and
and white stripes
beeping is less formal than sounding 55 not stopping at
66
very dangerous, without any
any care forothers
after
for others 77 driving aft
er consuming alcohol above theofficial
the official limit
0
8
9
driving aft
after
er taking illegal drugs
instrument you
you breathe into to measure alcohol level 110
running into
2
11
12
notstopping
ofyour
areadded
someone and not
stopping
removal of
your driving licence ‘ negative points which are
added up over
4
time and
and which can result in the
’ given at the scene of
ofthe
offence
waste gases
the loss of your licence 113
the off
ence 114
5
15
16
ina a condition that it can
be driven safely *’ the
produced by the vehicle ‘ in
can be
the depth ofthe
of the grooves in the
the tyre
17
one
rubber
one which has lost its tread
B
Traffic problems
It was
rush hour,
hour, and
and there
long tailback.
of slow or stopped traffic]
It
was the
the rush
there was
wasaa long
tailback. [line of
traffic]
There's
always
congestion
inthe
city
centre.
[situation
in
which
there is
isa a lot of traffic
can't move.
There’s always congestion in the city centre. [situation
traffic that can’t
In some cities, cars have to pay
payaa congestion charge to go into the
city
centre.]
the
You
have to
payaa toll
on the
new motorway.
motorway. [a charge you
You have
to pay
toll on
the new
you have to pay to use the road]
There wasa
ofthe
and we
was a pile-up involving ten
ten cars, because of
the fog, so
so the
the road was
was closed and
we were
diverted
ontoa
narrow
country
lane.
[crash
between
several
or
many
cars]
[directed
away
from
our road]
diverted onto a narrow country lane.
Overnight snow caused disruption this morning on many roads, but
but it has
has cleared now. [when
[whenaa
system, process or event is prevented from continuing as usual or as expected]
II had
had stupidly parked in
ina a tow-away zone and came back to find my
my car
had gone! [area where your
car had
car may
may be
be taken away if you
illegally]
you park illegally]
II only parked for
but whenI
outmy
carhadbeen
foraa few minutes outside the station, but
when I came out
my car
had been clamped.
[fitted witha
on the wheel to
with a metal device on
to prevent it from moving]
II saw
saw two
men fighting next to their cars.I
two men
cars. I think it was
wasa a case of road rage. [anger or violence between
drivers because of
ofdifficult
conditions]
difficult driving conditions]
The
road
was
wet
andI
skidded
onaa bend
bend and
and almost
almost crashed.
crashed. [lost control of the
The road was wet and I skidded on
the steering so
so that the
car slid across the road]
There wasa
on the
and the next village last night. [two
was a head-on collision on
the main road between here and
vehicles hitting each other directly in the
the front]
[Radio announcement)
(Radio
There was
was an accident at the junction between theA476
the A476 and
theA53
involvingaa lorry carryinga
the A53 this morning involving
carrying a load of glue.
Traffic
has been stuck there forthe
Traffic has
for the last three hours.
56
56
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
25.1
25.1
inthese
Fill the
the gaps in
these sentences using words and phrases from the opposite page.
11 We
can't park here; it’s
it'sa a ........................... zone.
We can’t
22 There wasa
on the
of road works.
was a five-mile ........................... on
the motorway because of
33 Fog
Fog caused
causedaa number of
of ..........................., , one
one of
of which involved 15 cars.
4 4 Iflf it’s
it'sa a ........................... sign, you
don't have to stop if the
but if it’s
it'sa a stop sign, then
you don’t
the road is clear, but
you
you must always stop.
5 5 Who
has the
at a a pedestrian crossing in your country? Cars or pedestrians?
Who has
the ........................... at
66 It was
but the
haveaa description of the
wasa a ........................... accident, but
the police have
the car.
7 7 The
be lowered in an
an attempt to reduce air pollution in
The permitted level of ........................... is to
to be
big cities.
big
8 8 He
He was
givenaa ........................... test and
and it was
he had
had consumed
consumedaa huge amount of
of
was given
was discovered he
He was
and given three ........................... on
on his licence.
alcohol. He
was charged with ..........................., , fined and
9 9 In some countries, drivers ........................... their ........................... just because they get
getfrustrated.
frustrated. Asa
As a
are incredibly noisy.
result, the
the city streets are
10 The
bad weather caused
causedaa lot of ........................... toto traffic all over the country.
10
The bad
11 People are
are being encouraged to leave their cars at home in an
an effort to
11
to reduce ........................... in the
the
city centre.
25.2
25.2
asintheexample,
Respond tothese
to these comments as
in the example, so that your response explains the
the
ofthe
meaning of
the underlined words. Use words from the
the opposite page.
11 A:I
outandsaw
bigmetal
my wheels.
A: I came out
and sawaa big
metal thing on
on my
B: Oh,
oh,sayaur
herliedbeeu
B:
so your car
had been dawpeet!
clamped!
A: Yes.I
had to
pay a a lot of
of money togetit
released.
Yes. I had
to pay
to get it released.
22 A: AsI
on the
andI I lost control of the
As I drove round the corner, there was
was some ice on
the road and
the steering.
Oh, so
so you
B: Oh,
you
.
3 3 A: The
ofthem
The two
two women were obviously having an argument about the way
way one of
them had been
driving. Then suddenly they started hitting each other!
Oh, I I guess it was
of. ...
B: Oh,
wasa a case of
.
4 4 A: The
my tyres and
and said they were illegal.
The police officer looked at two
two of my
Oh, so
so your tyres were ......................................................., , were they?
B: Oh,
55 A: The
had come straight at each other and
and crashed.
The road was
was closed. Two
Two lorries had
Oh, so
so it was
B: Oh,
wasa a .
.
6 6 A: The
me there and
and then.I
The police officer fined me
then. I have to pay up within seven days.
Oh, really?
really?I I didn’t
didn't know they could give ... .. ... . ... . ...
B: Oh,
.
A: Yes. You
and you
can't dispute it at
at the
You have no choice. They just give it to
to you
you and
you can’t
the time.
77 A: The
man at the
my car wasn't
ina a fit condition to be
be driven legally.
The man
the garage said my
wasn’t in
Oh, so
so it’s
it's not
not ... .. ... .. ... .. ...
B: Oh,
.
8 8 A:A: They charge
chargeaa lot to
new bridge!
to drive across the new
Oh, really? Do
Do you
payaa .. ... . .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... ... ? ?II didn’t
didn't know that.
B: Oh,
you have to pay
25.3
25.3
What do youthink
inyour
own
you think the underlined expressions mean? Write their meaning in
your own
you can’t
the meaning from thecontext.
the context.
words. Use
Useaa dictionary if you
can't work out
outthemeaning
11 There were three separate accidents in the
and soon there was
the city centre during the rush hour and
was
total gridlock.
eridlock. It took about two
two hours to clear.
2 2 The
and they checked my
my lights.
The police car made me pull over and
3 3 I I had
had a a minor bump yesterday. It wasn't
but one
one of my
my lights got
got smashed.
wasn’t serious, but
44 My
My car
carconked
andI I had
had to
assistance. It cost me
me £100.
conked out on the motorway and
to ring for assistance.
55 He’s
He'saa bit of
ofa a back-seat driver, so
don't be
be surprised if he
he criticises your driving.
so don’t
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
57
26
26
Travel and
and accommodation
accommodation
A
and holidays
Booking travel and
Here are
you may
are some choices you
may make
when booking travel or holidays.
scheduled
flight
first,
first, business or economy class
route (e.g. via
via /vaia/
/vaɪə/ Amsterdam)
airline (e.g. low-cost/budget such as
easyJet or national
notional carrier such as Emirates)
Emirates)
By air
By
package/all-inclusive holiday
charter
flight
flight only
extras (e.g.
(e.g. airport taxes, insurance)
insurance)
AA scheduled flight isa a normal, regular flight;a
flight; a charter flight isa a special flight
takingaa group of
ofpeople,
destination. Some airline
people, usually to the
the same holiday destination.
tickets may
may have restrictions (e.g. you
can only travel on
on certain days). Such tickets
you can
1
can offer good value formoney
non-refundable!or
can
for money but, if you
you cancel, they are non-refundable
or
2
you
may have to payaa cancellation fee. Some tickets allowaa stopoveE.
you may
stopover A. A
e.g.a a coach or
package holiday normally includes accommodation and transfers, e.g.
aa shuttle bus
bus to and
and from your hotel. An
An all-inclusive holiday includes your flight,
accommodation and all meals, drinks and
and snacks in the
accommodation
the hotel.
11
you
can't get your money back
you can’t
22
you may
may stay somewhere overnight before continuing to your destination
Sea travel is normally on
onaa ferry, and
and the
but you
Sea
the journey is calleda
called a crossing, but
you
can
haveaa holiday on
on the sea
For some people,
people,aa luxury
can have
sea if you
you go
go on
ona a cruise. For
cruise is the
may decide to bookaa berth in
ina a shared
the holiday ofaa lifetime1.You
. You may
22
cabin ,or
haveaa single or double cabin. For more money, you can often get
, or to have
aa deluxe cabin, perhaps on
go to exotic44 islands
on the upper deck
deck33.Cruises
. Cruises often go
5
where you can getaway
get away from it all"i..
1
one you
ina a cabin with other people 33 the higher part of the
one
you will always remember 22aa bed in
the ship,
which is often bigger and
and more comfortable 44 unusual or exciting 5 escape your daily life and
and routines
Train travel allows you
as you
and look at the countryside
you to relax as
you travel and
through the windows of
ofyour
butyou
may
your carriage. Railways link major towns but
you may
are not
not able to getaa through train2..
have tochange
to change trains'
trains1 if you
you are
11
get off one
one train and
and on
on to
to another
destination
directly to your destination
2
one which takes you
or direct train, one
you
1
Car
way ofgetting
of getting around
. When youbook
you book it, you
you may
to
Car hire is another way
around*.
may have to
. There may
choose whether you want unlimited mileage22.There
may also be
be extras to pay,
you hire
you the
the freedom to come
such as accident insurance. If you
hireaa car, it gives you
and
go as you please3..
andgoasyou
11
to different places; informal
travelling to
same price
B
3
22
/ˈmaɪlɪdʒ/ you
you can travel as
you like for the
the
/'maiIid$/
as many miles as you
go
you want
go where you want when youwant
Accommodation
Accommodation when
when travelling
travelling
Some people like camping
you can
camping!1 while others prefer hotels. Or
Or you
can have
haveaa self-catering2 holiday,
3
such as staying in an
. You can
an inn5..
an apartment or
or chalet .You
can also choose to stay in
ina a guest house
house44 or
oran
77
6
Some types of accommodation offer half board
full board
board‘ or
orfull
board ..
11
ina a tent oraa caravan 22 where you do your own
own cooking 33/'/aIei/
sleeping in
/ˈʃæleɪ/ small cottage or cabin specially
44
small, relatively cheap hotel 55 similar toa
built for holiday-makers
to a pub, but also offering accommodation;
an attractive old
old building 6 usually breakfast and
and one
one other meal 77 all meals
sometimes in an
58
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
26.1
26.1
Usevocabulary
Use
vocabulary fromAA opposite to express these sentences more briefly.
11 It was
wasa a regular flight which the airline runs every day.
& N/R flight.
’ /!
It was a scheduled
I!Wfififi0 S
22 I I hate those special flights where everyone is booked tothesame
destination.
to the same holiday destination.
33 The
on the journey from London
The ticket allowed us to spend up tothree
to three nights in Singapore on
toSydney.
to Sydney.
44 You
can getaa bed
bed on
on the ferry in
ina a little room with three other beds.
You can
55 Our
Our seats were in the
the part of the
the train that was
was nearest to the engine.
66 The
bus or taxi to
The bus
to your hotel is included in the
the cost of the holiday.
77 It was
but there were some things you
notallowed
wasa a cheap fare, but
you were not
allowed to do.
88 The
can't get your money back if you
The ticket is relatively cheap, but you
you can’t
you have to cancel.
99 The
and all your food and
and drink.
The price of the
the holiday includes the flight, hotel and
26.2
26.2
Match the words on thelefi
the left with their collocations on
on the
the right.
11 holiday
22 full
33 self44 unlimited
55 exotic
6 6 value
77 shuttle
8 8 through
9 9 low-cost
10 economy
10
26.3
26.3
Q
aa catering
b b for
for money
c c mileage
dd bus
bus
ee of
ofaa lifetime
ff board
gg train
hh airline
ii class
jj island
Which expressions in
inthe
box do
do you
Useaa
the box
you associate with each ofthe
of the holidays below? Use
dictionary if necessary. Each expression may
go with more than one type of
may go
of holiday.
to rough it
to
to keep on the move
tojust
to just drift along
an exhilarating experience
to sleep under the stars
aa cosy atmosphere
to
to be out in the
the wilds
aa real learning experience
to come and
andgo
asyouplease
go as
you please
to lounge around
to
own boss
to be your own
to spend
spendaa fortune on
on entrance fees
11 self-catering holiday
22 camping at
ataa beach resort
33 staying in an
an inn
inn or
ora a guest house
44 skiing holiday, staying in
ina a chalet
55 trekking holiday, camping in the
the mountains
66 cruise
77 sightseeing holiday, staying in
ina a hotel in
ina a historic city
8 8 touring holiday, in
ina a hire car
car
26.4
26.4
—-
Complete these sentences with expressions from 25.3.
wasa a lovely cruise; we
we just .............................................................................................................................. all day.
11 It
it was
22 I I prefer self-catering because
becauseI I like to
to
.
3 3 Camping is OK
OK if you
don't mind
mind. ....... .. ....... .. ....... .. ....... .. ....... .. ....... .. ....... .. ....... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ....... ... . .
you don’t
4 4 Skiing is always such ......................................................................................................................................................... .
5 5 Sightseeing’s
Sightseeing's great but it’s
it's easy ..t................................................................................................................................... . .
6 6 The
The guided tour of the ancient ruins was
was ................................................................................................................... .
7 7 Inns and
and guest houses usually have quite
quite. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................. .
8 8 I’d
I'd hate to stay in just one
on my
my holiday –—I I much prefer ....................................................................... .
one place on
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
59
59
27
Attracting tourists
A
Describing tourist destinations
DESTI
fATIO f: SURI
fA2ittE
DESTINATION:
SURINAME
If you're
crowds11,, get
get off
offthe
beaten
If
you’re the
the type
type of
of traveller
traveller who
who wants
wants toescape
to escape the
the crowds
the beaten
22
3
track
and get
back to
natures,, takea
closer look
look at
Suriname. Suriname’s
Suriname's tourist
track and
get back
to nature
take a closer
at Suriname.
tourist
sector
is relatively
relatively modest
modest and
is on
makes thecountry
sector4 is
and theemphasis
the emphasis is
on what
what makes
the country different
different
for
discerning’5 traveller.
Other Caribbean
Caribbean nations
nations may
may boast
boast66 better
better sand,
sand, sea
sea and
for the
the discerning
traveller. Other
and
sun,
but because
because ofthat,
hordes’7 of
people in
in Suriname.
Suriname. What
sun, but
of that, you
you won't
won’t find
find hordes
of people
What youwill
you will
find
isa a wealth
huge range
range of
offlora
and fauna’.
More than
12% of
find is
wealth of
of8 wildlife
wildlife witha
with a huge
flora and
fauna9. More
than 12%
of the
the
110
country is
is given
national parks
parks and
and nature
nature reserves
reserves1111 and
and large
large tracts'
country
given over
over to
to national
tracts122 of
of the
the
13
country are
covered by
by virgin
rainforest. So,
So, ifif you
are seeking
seeking something
out of
ofthe
country
are covered
virgin13
rainforest.
you are
something out
the
ordinary114
4,, click
here formore
information.
ordinary
click here
for more information.
Low Res
1
go
go,somewhere
different/unusual
go where there are not many people 22 go to places tourists don't
don’t normally go,
somewhere diff
erent/unusual
livea a natural, rural style of life 4 4 tourist industry; formal 5 showing good judgement, especially about style
and quality 66 this use
use of boast is for
ina a negative sense
and
for listing the
the good qualities ofa
of a place; formal 77 crowds, in
10
8
and animals;
animals;aa fixed phrase (Latin) 10
by
large amount of; formal 99 plants and
areas ofaa country that are protected by
the government because of
oftheir
‘* areas of land protected
their natural beauty or because they haveaa special history 11
12
and plants that live there, oft
often
in order to keep safe the
the animals and
en because they are rare 12
areas of land; collocates
with large, vast, huge *133 original and
and natural 1144 looking forsomething
different
for something diff
erent (seek is rather formal)
33
B
Travel
advertisements
Travel advertisements
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recharge in
Taste of the bush3
4
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2
Waterfront5 villas, self-catering,
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locations, unbeatable7 prices.
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all from under
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inspiring
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national
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11
Enjoy
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Rambles, hikes
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Unrivalled10
programme
t
- ...for our. brochure.
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Ecotourism13
at
its best.
* ’ '“
"
11
14
Savou 14
Savour
therenowned
the renowned landscapes in
our heartland
heartIand'15S..
our
/an'waind/
get back your energy (like recharging
rechargingaa battery)
/ʌnˈwaɪnd/ relax, reduce your general level of stress 22 get
wild, areas covered in grass, bushes or
or trees (especially in Africa and
and Australia) 4 4 pronounced four by
by four;
vehicles with driving power on all four wheels 5 on the edge ofthe
sea or
ofaa river 6 6 extremely beautiful
of the sea
or of
77
8
no
can offer cheaper ones forthe
for the same service
it fills you
you with
the power and
no other company canoffer
withaa sense of
ofthe
99
iculty: a ramble is
beauty of
what you are
looking at
ofwhat
arelooking
these words represent
representaa scale of length and
and diff
difficulty:a
isa a
demanding;aa hike is more demanding, suggesting more difficult
long, pleasant walk, not too demanding;
difficult terrain;a
terrain; a trek is
’ no
no other holiday programme can
can match this 11
** having views of
of
usually of several days over wild country 110
112
2
the attractive, natural things in the
aa perfect place or situation (oft
(often
en collocated with tropical
the countryside
3
when describing somewhere hot
hotand
thebusiness
ina a way
the business of organising holidays in
way which helps
and sunny) ‘13
14
and does not
not damage theenvironment
*4 enjoy or taste (oft
(often
en used in advertisements)
local people and
the environment
115
’ theinland
the inland areas furthest away from the sea orfrom
or from borders with other countries
3
60
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
27.1
27.1
and collocations in these sentences, using words from A.
Complete the expressions and
A.
11 Malaysia ........................... some oftheloveliest
of the loveliest beaches in Asia.
2 2 The
ofmany
countries.
The tourism ........................... is very important to the economies of
many developing countries.
33 It is vital that tourism should not damage theflora
and ........................... of
of beautiful areas of this
the flora and
spectacular landscape.
44 Most tourists like to
to feel free to ........................... off the
the
.......................... track.
5 5 Most
Mosbpeople
don't like fo
taces where there
people don’t
tothavel
travel top
to places
will be
of other tourists.
66 People who
e inn'bg
who spend”all
spend all their itime
big cities often like
to
to ........................... back to ........................... when they go
away for
foraa holiday.
77 If you're
ofthe
you’re ........................... something out of
the
,, why
nottry
why not
tryaa snowboarding holiday?
It's certainly different!
different!
It’s
8 8 WhenI
When I travel,I
travel, I always tryto
try to ........................... the
the crowds
and find somewhere quiet.
9 9 There are
arevast
of unspoilt land in the
vast ........................... of
the
and
north of the country, with ........................... rainforests and
aa ........................... of
of wildlife.
10 The
and
10
The country has fabulous national ........................... and
orstay
nature ........................... where you can camp or
stay in
_.
basic accommodation.
27.2
27.2
Usewords
in brackets.
Use
words fromB
from B opposite to fill the
the gaps, based on the words given in
11 This company is excellent and
and their prices are ............................ . ((RIVAL)
rival)
2 2 The
ofthe
The ........................... beauty of
the coastline is unforgettable. ((scENE)
scene)
3 3 There are
are some absolutely ........................... beaches in the
the north. ((STUN)
stun)
4 4 I I think SunTravel Vacations is ........................... when it comes tovalue-for-money
to value-for-money holidays. ((BEAT)
Beat)
5 5 The
The mountains were so ............................ . Some were over 5,000 metres high. ((AWE)
awe)
6 6 We
rentedaa .. ... .. . .. villa. It was
be so
so near the beach. ((WATER)
We rented
was nice to be
water)
7 7 I I just want somewhere quiet and
and relaxing to ........................... for
fora a week. ((WIND)
wind)
8 8 Everyone needs to
now and
and again. ((cHARGE)
to ........................... their batteries now
charge)
27.3
27.3
Answer thequestions.
the questions.
11 Order these words from the most physically demanding totheleast
to the least physically demanding:
ramble, trek, hike.
2 2 What verb might you find in travel advertisements meaning enjoy?
33 What adjective can
can be
be used with traveller to
onewho
orshewants
to mean one
who knows exactly what he or
she wants in
terms of
ofquality
and style?
quality and
4 4 Where would you find the
the bush?
55 How
How do
do you
and what does it mean: 4x4?
you say this and
66 If somewhere was described as
asaa ‘paradise’, would that be
be positive or negative?
27.4
27.4
0ve r to
to you
Over
Think about holidays you
How would you describe them? Then think about your
you have had. How
perfect holiday. What words from this unit can you use to describe it?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
61
28
Describing the world
A
Climate
"
you pass througha
through a fascinating series of
Travelling from north to south in Nigeria, you
landscapes. Rainfall1 in the
the south-east can
the wet
wet season,
can be
be extremely high in the
the northern part of the country is arid22 and
drought44 during the
whereas the
and prone to33 drought
dry season.
1
the amount of
ofrain
ina a month orina
rain that falls, for example in
or in a year
negative characteristic 4 4 long period without rain
B
22
dry
33
tending to haveaa particular
Vegetation
ofthe
of Canada lies inside the
More than 30%
30 % of
the landscape of
the Arctic Circle, where theland
the land can
can
stay frozen for
up to nine months of
oftheyear.
asthetundra
for up
the year. In these regions, known as
the tundra11,,
vegetation22 is limited. Further south, dense, coniferous33 forests known as
astaiga
taiga cover
large areas of land. Towards the
the border with the United States are the
the grasslands of the
and the
prairies44 and
the mixed, temperate forests.
11
area in the
no trees and
and permanently frozen ground 22 plant life 33trees
the north with no
trees that are evergreen
[in leaf all year round] and
and produce cones, unlike deciduous trees, which lose their leaves in winter 44 flat
grasslands in Canada and northern USA
USA (similar to
to steppes in Asia or pampas in South America)
C
Agriculture
of China, along with tea, cotton, fruit and
and
Rice is the
the main crop grown in the
the south of
vegetables. The
of
The rice is planted in flooded paddy fields*.A
fields1. A good year can see two
two crops of
'.•:j, rice and
and one
one of vegetables harvested. In the
and west, farmers generally
the drier, hillier north and
tt harvest
harvestaa single crop of
of cereals22 and, in addition, tend33 sheep and cattle.
11
fields planted with rice growing in water
rice, wheat ormaize
or maize 33 take care of
D
22
type of
ofgrass
cultivated to produce
produceaa grain, e.g.a
grass cultivated
e.g. a food plant like
Industry
one of
of the
manufacturing22,,
France is one
the world's
world’s leading developed‘
developed1 nations. It is home tolarge
to large manufacturing
steel and
and chemical industries. The
an important and
and major producer of
of aircraft
The country is an
and cars and
and is at
at the
and engineering. Its sizeable nuclear
and
the forefront33 of technology and
nation's electrical power. Like many
industry generates44aa significant proportion of the nation’s
developed countries, France provides
providesaa lot of help and
and aid to developing 55 countries.
countries.
developed
11
44
E
2
witha
an important position
with a modern, industrial economy
producing goods in large numbers 33 in an
55
describesaa country that is poor and
and does not
not have
haveaa modern, industrial economy
produces/creates
describes
Population
isa a vibrant mixture of peoples. Some are
aredescended
indigenous 22 tribes, others
Brazil is
descended from‘
from1 indigenous
from the Portuguese, who
who were thecolonial
the colonial power in Brazil for 300
300 years. Many Brazilians have
African ancestors3 brought over in the
the 17th century as slaves to work on sugar plantations.
ofEuropean
migrants44 settled’
During the 20th century, large numbers of
European migrants
settled5 in the
the south.
11
are related to someone who
who lived in the
the past 22 existing naturally in that place 33 relatives from earlier
times: we
ancestors' descendants ^4 people who
we are our
our ancestors’
who move tolive
to live in another country or another part
own country (often for reasons of economic need; an
an emigrant is someone who
leavesaa country, an
an
of their own
who leaves
ina a country)
country) 55 made their homes
immigrant is someone who
who moves tolive
to live in
62
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
28.1
28.1
arenot
Match the two
two parts of the
the collocations from the opposite page. Note the words are
not
all in bold.
11 coniferous
22 developed
developed
33 paddy
4 4 chemical
5 5 sugar
28.2
28.2
Q
Q
Q
Q
aa plantation
bb industry
cc forest
dd field
ee nation
aresome
inthe
in
Here are
some other words which collocate with the words in
the right-hand column in
theexercise
Can you
the exercise above. There are three for
for each ofthe
of the five words. Can
you match them?
coffee deciduous dense developing
rain
magnetic
rubber tea textile
28.3
28.3
manufacturing oil
pharmaceutical
wheat independent sovereign
usingaa word from the box. There may
may be more than one
Complete the sentences using
possible answer.
descendants
ancestors
migrants
emigrants
immigrants
11 I I believe my
my ........................... came toBritain
to Britain from France in the
the 17th century.
22 Many ........................... left Russia for
for France after the
the Revolution in 1917.
33 The
USA has
has traditionally welcomed ........................... from all over the world.
The USA
44 Our
Our largest cities are
are full of
of ........................... looking forwork
andaa better life.
for work and
5 5 Some Scots are said to be
be the
the ........................... ofof 16th century Spanish sailors shipwrecked off the
the
Scottish coast.
28.4
28.4
Rewrite the underlined words using words and expressions from the opposite page.
11 Recently, the
country's economy has
hassuffereda
makine thines.
the country’s
suffered a decline in industry concerned with making
things.
22 The
has long been in
ina a very important position in agricultural science.
The university has
33 The
onaa regular basis.
The river delta tends to suffer catastrophic flooding on
4 4 One
One can
see local shepherds looking after large flocks of sheep on the
hillsides.
can often see
the hillsides.
5 5 In the
uncultivated lands towards the north of
the late 18th century, migrants made their home in the
the uncultivated
the country.
66 In the
the extremely dry southern provinces, plant life is sparse.
77 In the
of permanently frozen ground
eround with
the cold northern regions, the
the landscape consists mostly of
no trees.
no
8 8 The
now facing threats to their
The tribes that have always existed naturally in the
the eastern jungles are now
way
way of life.
9 9 The
The farmlands are dotted with woods that lose their leaves in winter, while the large forests of
trees that are always in leaf provide the country with much-needed timber.
10 The
USA experienced
experiencedaa severe long
lone period with no
no rain last year.
10
The flat grasslands of the northern USA
28.5
0ve r to
to you
Over
not one
one of
of the
If your country is not
the ones on the opposite page, writea
write a short paragraph about it
in the same style, or else choose another country and do the same.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
63
29
29
Weather and climate
A
Weather
conversations
Weather conversations
Here are
nonetheless useful
are some less common but
butnonetheless
you can
words about weather, so that you
can have typical
weather conversations where you agree with
by using
usingaa near-synonym.
near-synonym. In these
someone by
examples,BB replies using more informal language.
examples,
A: Bit cold today, isn’t
isn't it?
it's chilly/freezing/nippy, isn’t
isn't it?
B: Yes, it’s
A:
It's hot, isn’t
isn't it?
A: It’s
it's boiling/sweltering/roasting!
B: Yes, it’s
A: It’s
It'sa a bit windy today!
isn't it?
B: Yes, really blowy/breezy, isn’t
A: What oppressive/sultry weather!
A:
B: Yes, isn’t
isn't it stifling/heavy/close?
A:
A: Whataa downpour/deluge!
it's chucking it down// it’s
it's pouring!
B: Yes, it’s
A:A: Isn’t
Isn't it humid today?
B: Yes, horrible muggy/clammy/sticky weather!
B
”
”
-
.tt”
.,‹
.•:”” '*””
”
”
””
Climate and
and metaphors
areoften
Climate metaphors are
often used, particularly in written English.
The
orsituation
The word climate can refer to
to the
the general atmosphere or
situation in society.
and dishonesty created
createdaa climate of distrust.
His secrecy and
The
The government reforms have contributed toa
to a climate of change.
The
and prevailing all
The words cultural, current, economic, financial, moral, political, social and
collocate strongly with climate in this social sense.
She has
hasaa very sunny disposition —– she's
She
she’s hardly ever miserable.
Though they won
won the championship last year, the
the outlook forthe
for the team is less sunny this year.
our plans met
met witha
Unfortunately, our
with a frosty reception.
I'm snowed under with work –— I’ll
I'll never get
getthrough
I’m
through it all in time.
After the
the company accounts were examined, the manager left underaa cloud.
Don't let your love for him
him cloud yourjudgement.
Don’t
your judgement.
The soldiers were hit witha
with a hail of bullets.
The
The Prime Minister was
was greeted witha
with a hail/storm of abuse.
I've onlya
ofmy
day at
at school.
I’ve
only a hazy memory of
my first day
The
inthe
The truth is hidden in
the mists of history.
The
ofspeculation.
The article sparkeda
sparked a whirlwind of
speculation.
They had
hadaa whirlwind romance and gotmarried
got married justa
just a
,
month after they met.
The
The horses thundered down theracetrack.
the racetrack.
Thunderous applause followed his speech.
(Note that thundery is used to describe stormy weather
while thunderous describes
describesaa loud, deep noise.)
The
are
,.
The winds ofchange/discontent/democracy
of change/discontent/democracy are
blowing across the country.
64
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
29.1
29.1
Respond tothese
to these statements about the weather. Agree using slightly more formal
inthe
on the opposite page.
language like that of speakerAA in
the conversations on
11 It’s
It'sa a bit nippy outside, isn’t
isn't it?
2 2 Whataa sweltering day!
33 Isn’t
Isn't it muggy here?
4 4 It’s
It's blowy, isn’t
isn't it?
29.2
29.2
What are
arethemetaphorical
ofthese
the metaphorical meanings of
these words fromB
from B opposite?
11 sunny —/P/msa
‹’/ir
– pleasant/aa#/oo
and positive
22 frosty
33 to cloud
29.3
29.3
29.4
29.4
4 4 snowed under
55 whirlwind
whirlwind
66 hail
77 climate
88 hazy
9 9 to
to thunder
Find collocations for these words. You
You will find some on theopposite
the opposite page, but use
useaa
dictionary to find more if necessary.
11 climate
44 the winds of
of
22 prevailing
55 aa frosty
33 to cloud
66 aa hail of
init
Read thetext
the text below and find words in
it which mean thefollowing.
the following.
11 average
22 dry
33 height above sea
sea level
44 distance from the equator
5 5 rain and
and snow
Schemes for
for dividing the
the Earth
into climatic regions are based on
on
aa combination
combination of
ofindices
indices of mean
annual temperature, mean monthly
temperature, annual precipitation
precipitation
totals and
and seasonality. The
The climate
ofaa place is affected by
by several
factors. Latitude affects the
the amount
ofsolar
of solar radiation received, with
the greatest in equatorial regions
29.5
29.5
5 5 Close today, isn’t
isn't it?
66 It’s
It's chucking it down!
77 It’s
It's clammy today, isn’t
isn't it?
8 8 Whataa sticky day!
66 rays from the sun
77 make less extreme
8 8 situated very far from the sea
99 differing weather conditions at different
times of
ofthe
the year
and the least in polar regions.
and
Elevation affects both temperature
and precipitation; mountainous
and
and
areas are generally cooler and
wetter. Location close to the
the sea
sea or
to large bodies of
ofwater
water moderates
temperature; continental areas
and
are generally more arid and
by extremes of
of
more affected by
temperature.
temperature.
0Over
v e r tto
o you
•• what
usetodescribe
What words can you use
to describe the climate in your country?
•• How
How would you describe the economic climate?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
65
30
Brick walls and glass ceilings
A
Buildings
To build something/someone up can
to praise someone or
To
can be used metaphorically to mean topraise
or
something in
way that will increase expectations of them: The
The press has
the young
ina a way
has built up
up the
so much that it must be extra pressure on
footballer so
on him.
how cement is used to fix bricks firmly in place and
and to make relationships more solid. It can
can be
be
Note how
way both asaa noun and
andaa verb: Let’s
Let's have
haveaa drink together to cement our
ourpartnership.
used in this way
partnership.
To
To come up againstaa brick wall is used metaphorically, meaning to
to meetaa barrier: WhenI
When I tried to
to
find out
out who
who had
had opened my
my letters,
letters,I I came up againstaa brick wall.
can be
be used to suggest
suggestaa limit to
putaa ceiling on
on the
ofplanned
Ceiling can
to something: They put
the number of
planned
redundancies.
The glass ceiling is
to an
The
isa a phrase used to refer to
an invisible barrier that stops people, especially
women, from rising to
to top
top positions at work.
ina a number of
ofcommon
in on
on my
my world on
on the day he died.
Roof is used in
common metaphors: The
The roof fell in
...]
[My world collapsed …]
can give way
Conversely, the
the floor can
way metaphorically when youfaint.
you faint.
The
ina a rapid,
The informal phrase go
go through the roof is used about prices, meaning toincrease
to increase in
uncontrolled fashion.
uncontrolled
getvery
My mother will hit
hit the
Hit the
the roof means get
very angry: My
the roof when shesees
she sees what we've
we’ve done.
Window, both literally and
and metaphorically, means an opening.
AA window of
ofopportunity
isa a chance to
do something special: If you
see a a window ofopportunity,
opportunity is
to do
you see
of opportunity,
then take advantage of
of it.
Ifa a quality or idea goes out (of) the
the window, it means it departs: Once theboys
the boys started going
around together, common sense went outofthewindow.
out of the window.
Asaa very tall building, tower conveys an idea of distance from ordinary people. If someone lives in
an ivory tower, he/she does not
not know about the unpleasant and
and ordinary things that happen in life:
an
Academics are
areoften
criticised for living in their ivory towers.
often criticised
isa a tower ofstrength,
are extremely strong (in an
an emotional rather thana
Ifa a person is
of strength, they are
than a physical
Our friends wereaa tower ofstrength
ourhouse
sense): Our
of strength when our
house burnt down.
or someone, they are
are either outstandingly tall or
Ifa a person or thing towers above something or
or
her classmates, although she is
outstanding in some other positive way: Lauren towers above all her
one of the
actually one
the youngest students.
B
Entrances
Gateway is used metaphorically in the
the
beaa gateway to, meaning give an
an
phrase be
opportunity to get somewhere:A
somewhere: A degree in
law is
isa a gateway to
law
toaa well-paid job.
can also be
be used in
ina a similar way
'
Door can
way to
gateway above, but it is also used in many
other metaphorical phrases as well: Failing
his final exams closed/shuta
closed/shut a lot of doors
forhim.
for him. Knowing several languages opens
doors when it comes tofinding
to finding work. The
The
new year gives us the
new
the opportunity to close
the
and make
makeaa fresh start.
the door on thepast
the past and
. ”
”
Doing something through/by the back door
suggests doing it unofficially: Jack came into
the
by the
himfrom
the business by
the back door –— themanager
the manager knew him
from university. Doing something behind
closed doors suggests secrecy: Unfortunately, the
the decision was
was taken behind closed doors and no one
knows exactly why
why it was
was made.
ofsomething:
may provide/hold
Key can be used asaa noun tosuggest
to suggest the importance of
something: This research may
the key to developing
developingaa cure forcancer.
key to
for cancer. Knowing theright
the right people is the
the key
to success in that country.
66
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
30.1
30.1
Match up the words tomake
to make metaphors. Explain what each metaphor means.
11 glass
22 ivory
33 brick
4 4 back
55 window of
of
66 tower of
of
30.2
30.2
Q
Q
Q
aa strength
bb opportunity
cc ceiling
dd tower
ee wall
ff door
Complete these sentences with the appropriate verb.
11 The
has ........................... through the roof.
The price of fuel has
2 2 We
scientist's work may
may ........................... the
key toto solving the
We hope that this scientist’s
the key
the problem.
33 AA degree in economics ........................... the
ofinteresting
the door to
toaa number of
interesting job
job opportunities.
44 Whenever you trytoinitiate
try to initiate something in this company you find that, sooner or later, you
you
.......
up against
againstaa brick wall.
up
5 5 Lucy’s
Lucy's father ........................... the
hesaw
she'd dyed her
herhair
the roof when he
saw that she’d
hair purple.
66 Ben
Ben ........................... over all the
He is by
by far
the other lawyers in his firm. He
far the
the most able.
77 Her
Her argument with the board last year has, unfortunately, ...........................a a lot of
of doors forher
for her in
this company.
88 The roof ........................... in on
day that war
on their world the day
war was
was declared.
30.3
30.3
Rewrite the underlined parts of these sentences using one
one of the expressions on
on the
opposite page.
11 My
My brother is always enormously supportive wheneverI
haveaa problem.
whenever I have
22 We'll
met in private.
the US and Russian Presidents said to each other when they met
We’ll never know what theUS
3 3 The
but cannot be more than $20,000.
t20,000.
the time it takes, but
The fee
fee for this work will depend on thetime
44 The
has risen dramatically in the
the last six months.
The cost of petrol has
55 Having children often makes
makesaa marriage stronger.
66 Winning an Olympic medal can provide an
an opportunity to develop
developaa career in the
the media.
77 The
now is where tolocate
our business.
The most important decision we
we have totake
to take now
to locate our
88 The
has spent all his life in one
one university or another and
and really finds it very difficult to
to
The professor has
cope in the
the real world.
99 Lena has always said what an incredible person Max
Max is —I
hopeII won't
– I hope
won’t be disappointed whenI
when I
meet him.
30.4
30.4
aresome
Can you
Here are
some more metaphors based on aspects of buildings. Can
you guess what the
the
andrewrite
underlined expressions mean and
rewrite them?
11 He earns very little, barely enough to
to keep the wolf from the door.
22 The
speaker's request forquestions
met with
withaa wall of silence.
The speaker’s
for questions was
was met
3 3 Working on this project together should help to lay
laythe
the foundations for
foraa good relationship in the
the
future.
4 4 Nathan’s
Nathan's prolonged illness left his business in ruins.
5 5 This government should clean up
up its own
own backyard before criticising other countries.
countries.
30.5
30.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Which ofthe
asmetaphors
of the metaphors in this unit also work as
metaphors when translated literally into
your own language? Look at exercise 30.4 as well as the opposite page.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
67
31
Taking root and reaping rewards
A
Parts ofaa plant
Here are
on parts of trees and
are some metaphors based on
and plants:
Seed(s) is oft
en used to talk about the start of an
the seeds of success, the
the seeds of
often
an idea or feeling: the
discontent, the
the seeds of
of revolution.
Root(s) is used to suggest the origins of something. You
You can
can talk about going back to your roots,
for example, meaning going back tothe
can also talk about
to the place where your family came from. You
You can
the root ofaa problem or
orthe
and
the roots ofaa tradition. Putting down roots means settling down and
one place: After
ofyears,I
making your home in one
After travelling the
the world for
foraa couple of
years, I was
was ready to go
andputdown
home and
put down some roots.
When an
anidea
oraccepted,
can be
be said to take root. The
idea becomes known or
accepted, it can
The grassroots supporters
of an organisation or society are the
not the
of
the ordinary people in it, not
the leaders.
are firmly/deeply rooted in the
Deeply and firmly collocate with rooted: Its origins are
the 19th century.
Her discontent stems
Stem is used asaa verb to signify that something originates in something else: Her
froma
she had
had last year.
from a traumatic experience she
bud
bud
Bud is used in the
expression nipped in
inthe
bud [flower
Bud
the expression
the bud
opensj [stopped before it develops into something]
something]::
before it opens]
branch
He's showing signs of neglecting his
hiswork
He’s
work —
– we'd
we’d better
nip that in
inthe
nip
the bud.
seed
The
of
The adjective budding can also mean showing promise of
future development: She’s
She'saa budding young actor.
A A branch is something that grows off or
or branches out
stem
stem
froma
from a main organisation.
organisation. We
We talk about branches ofaa
oraa business branching out into new
new directions:
directions:
shop or
root
root
We
don't have the blue sweater in your size here, but
but you
We don’t
you
could tryour
try our Oxford Street branch.
B
Metaphorical verbs connected with plant growth and gardening
out older or less experienced
experienced staff.
staff. [get rid of]
The new
new boss is planning to weed outolder
The government will probably have to prune back its proposals. [cut/limit]
The
[cut/limit]
At last she
of all her
At
she is reaping the rewards of
her years of study. [is getting results from]
Because we
we are now
we sowed. [experiencing the
the
we didn’t
didn't protest about the change, we
now reaping what we
logical results of our
our actions —– usually used in negative contexts]
The journalists have dug up some interesting facts. [have discovered]
discovered]
The
The idea was
was germinating while we
we were on holiday. [was beginning to develop]
The
develop]
Out-of-town shopping centres have been sprouting up
up all over the country. [have been appearing
numbers]
quickly in large numbers]
Our
Our business is flourishing. [is doing very well]
We are
economic recovery. [first
We
are beginning to see the green shoots of
ofeconomic
signs that the economy is improving]
improving]
A A deciduous tree sheds its leaves. [loses] Companies can shed
employees/jobs. People can shed worries/inhibitions/weight.
Plants can
can thrive; so
so can
can people and
and things [grow/develop well and
and
successfully]
The language school is thriving —– student numbers are
up
successfullyj:: The
areup
to thrive on
on
from last year. She
She loves her high-powered job and
and seems tothrive
stress and
and crises!
Plants fade, wither, shrivel and
and wilt when they die. These verbs can
can be
used metaphorically: Hopes of
finding survivors are fading. [becoming
offinding
smaller]
smaller] Revenues/Donations/Profits have shrivelled in recent years.
[become less] It was
was so
so hot
the classroom that the students were
hot in the
starting to wilt. [lose energy]
energy]A A glance/look/remark can wither or
or be
the recipient feel scorned]
withering [make therecipient
scorned]:: She
She gave him
himaa withering look.
68
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
31.1
31.1
Match up the pairs to make collocations.
11 nipped
22 aabudding
budding
33 grass
44 the root
31.2
31.2
55 toreap
to reap
66 totake
to take
77 theseeds
the seeds
Q
Q
aa of the problem
bb root
c c Olympic athlete
dd of
of discontent
Q
Q
Q
Q
ee roots
ff in the
bud
the bud
gg rewards
inthese
Fill the
the gaps in
these sentences.
11 Alec has
has spent most of
ofhis
getback
he
his life in London, but he is keen to get
back to
to his ........................... when he
His family came from Scotland, so
he'll move there.
retires. His
so he’ll
22 The
The business is firmly ........................... in Western Australia.
3 3 The
but it’s
it's very fashionable now.
The idea took some time to ........................... root, but
44 His
Hisgrandfather
of the
business's success.
grandfather sowed the
the ........................... of
the business’s
55 The
US bookshop chain is opening
openingaa number of
UK.
The US
of ........................... in the
the UK.
6 6 It’s
It's about time she ........................... down some roots.
7 7 The
her interest in mountain climbing.
The idea for her novel ........................... from her
88 The
outaa hundred ........................... actors every year.
The West Side Drama College turns out
313
31.3
inthe
box into two
Divide the
the verbs in
the box
two groups: verbs associated with growth and health
and verbs associated with decline and
and death.
and
fade
3L4
31.4
flourish
germinate
shrivel
sprout
wilt
thrive
wither
ofthese
Suggest three nouns that each of
these adjectives could describe.
11 budding
22 flourishing
33 withering
44 fading
55 deeply rooted
66 thriving
3L5
31.5
Rewrite the sentences using plant metaphors instead of the
the underlined words.
11 My
My hopes of
ofgettinga
disappearing. Unemployment is at
at an
an all-time record.
getting a job
job are disappearing.
22 The
cuttin the
The firm is cutting
the labour force in order to reduce costs.
3 3 She
She got
eot rid of
of her
her inhibitions at the
and danced with everyone!
the party and
44 He
He and
and his wife are now
now receiving
receivin the
of many years of hard work building up
up their business.
the rewards of
5 5 The
eet rid of
of the
and create for itselfa a more moderate political
The party is trying hard to get
the extremists and
image. They want toreflect
to reflect the
the views oftheir
of their ordi______ynar
ordinary supporters.
66 Some people seem toerow
on difficult challenges.
to grow and develop on
77 A A blogger found out some alarming facts about government spending.
88 Well, if you
don't be
be surprised if you
you won't
won’t study foryour
for your exams, don’t
you suffer the
the negative consequences
ofyour
of
your actions.
99 After three years of recession, we
siens of an
an economic recovery.
we are beginning to see the first signs
31.6
31.6
0ve r tto
o you
Over
•• Do
Do you
atthe
you have any responsibilities that you
you would prefer to shed at
the moment?
•• Can youthink
situation where you reaped the rewards of
you think ofaa situation
of something you did?
•• What in your life is flourishing at the
the moment?
•• Where are
areyour
your family's
family’s roots?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
69
32
The animal kingdom
A
and birds
Describing animals and
mammal: animal that gives birth to live babies, not
not eggs,
and
own milk (e.g. cat, cow, kangaroo);
and feeds them on its own
kangaroo);aa
kangaroo is
isa a special kind of mammal called
calledaa marsupial [its
young grow in
ina a pouch
pouch in front of the
°
the mother]
rodent: e.g. mouse, rat reptile: e.g. snake, lizard
carnivore: animal that eats
eatsaa diet that is mainly or exclusively
meat (e.g. lion, tiger, hyena)
herbivore: animal that eats
eatsaa diet that is mainly or exclusively grass/vegetation (e.g. deer, cow)
predator: animal that hunts/eats other animals (e.g. eagle, lion, shark)
on dead animals which it has
has not
not killed itself
scavenger: animal that feeds on
warm/cold-blooded: warm-blooded animals (e.g. mammals) have temperatures that stay the same;
cold-blooded animals (e.g. reptiles) have to control their temperature by taking in heat from outside
or by being very active
B
Describing typical
animal behaviour
behaviour
Describing
typical animal
Our old
oldcatisa
docile creature.
creature. [behaves very gently]
Our
cat is a very
very docile
These
birds are
are so
so tame,
hand. [not afraid of humans, usually because oftraining
These birds
tame, they
they will
will sit
sit on
on your
your hand.
of training or
long involvement with humans]
ofyears
Dogs and horses became domesticated thousands of
years ago. [live with or are used by humans]
There
arewild
cats in
in the
mountains. [opposite of domesticated]
There are
wild cats
the mountains.
domesticated]
A A savage
wolf killed
killed three
of the
sheep. [extremely violent or wild]
savage wolf
three of
the farmer's
farmer’s sheep.
A A fierce
dog guarded
guarded the
gates. [behaves aggressively]
aggressively]
fierce dog
the gates.
C
and birds
Life of animals and
As
and roads are constructed, the
As more buildings and
the natural habitat formany
for many species is shrinking.
[preferred natural place for
and breeding]
[preferred
for living and
The
isa a bird which migrates from the Arctic to the
The arctic tern is
the Antarctic,a
Antarctic, a round trip of over 70,000
km. Migration
I\Migration is when animals travel long distances to get toa
km.
to a different habitat.
The
dado wasaa large flightless bird which was
on one
one island in the
butbecame
The dodo
was found on
the Indian Ocean but
became
extinct in the
the 17th century. [died out]
You
can see
see lots of animals in the
big game reserves// game parks in Africa. [areas of land where
You can
the big
canbe
beused
hunted]
animals are protected from hunting, etc.; game
game can
used to mean animals or birds that are hunted]
There is
isa a bird
bird sanctuary
sanctuary near here. [protected natural area where birds can
can live and
and breed]
We
dog there. [place where stray
We went tothelocal
to the local animal (rescue) shelter to see if we
we could getaa dog
aregiven
andaa place to live]
lives
cats, dogs, etc., i.e. pets that have lost their home, are
given food and
Language help
A A dodo is now
now used to mean someone or
orsomething
oftouch
something out of
touch or obsolete.
D
70
Human exploitation of animals and
and birds
are opposed to
and bullfighting.
bullfighting. [sports whose purpose
Many people are
to blood sports such as foxhunting and
animals]
is to
to kill or
or injure animals]
ofnatural
Some people refuse to wear clothing made of
natural animal fur, since they are opposed tothe
to the fur
fur
trade.
etc.]
trade. [the selling of animal furs for coats, jackets, etc.]
Poachers kill hundreds ofelephants
of elephants every year to supply the ivory trade. [people who
who hunt animals
illegally] [the buying and
and selling of ivory from elephants’
elephants' tusks]
illegally]
Animal rights activists often demonstrate outside research laboratories where animals are used in
experiments. [people who
and rights of animals]
experiments.
who actively campaign forthe
for the protection and
fortheir
horn,, which is said to have healing powers. [hard, pointed, often curved part
Rhinos are hunted for
their horn
ofan
growing from the head of
an animal]
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
32.1
32.1
inthese
Rewrite the underlined phrases in
these sentences using words from the
the opposite page.
11 There are
areaa lot of
of different types of squirrels,
squirrels rats,
rats mice and
and thines
things like that living in the
the woods.
22 AA whale isn’t
isn'ta a fish, as
as it doesn’t
doesn't lay
layeggs.
It's actually an
an animal that gives
eives birth directly.
eggs. It’s
3 3 There are
are some interesting tu
es and
and crocodiles
crocodi es and
and that so
turtles
sort of thin
thing near the river.
4 4 Everyone thinks these animals eat meat, but in fact they only feed on
on certain kinds of leaves.
5 5 The
The mother bird protects her eggs from animals that attack them.
66 Many different species have died out because their habitat has
has been destroyed.
32.2
32.2
inthese
Fill the
the gaps in
these sentences using adjectives fromB
from B on the
the opposite page to describe
and humans.
gentle or aggressive behaviour, or the
the relationship between animals and
11 Sheep are
aregenerally
dayaa ram
ram attacked our dog.
generally rather ........................... animals, but the other day
22 Lions can
can look very ........................... with their huge teeth and
and large heads.
33 Horses were probably first ........................... many thousands of
ofyears
years ago.
44 Some dolphins are very ........................... and
and will swim along with human beings.
55 I I don’t
don't think ........................... birds should ever be hunted. They should be left in peace in their
natural surroundings.
32.3
32.3
Here are
the beginnings of some words related to animals and
you fill in
the
arethe
and birds. Can
Can you
in the
missing letters? You
You are
the meaning.
are given
givenaa clue as to the
11 hh ............................ (natural home)
E'
2 s
(protected place)
23 r” ”” ”” ”” ”""”"”" (protected area,
ar often
ften for big game)
‘thyehhtw
‘ flesh of, e.g., birds
rd killed
d by other animals)
animals)
4 s
(creature
that eats
:5 :s i::t that has wandered
a ndeee awayffrom
o
h\fee
(pet
home)
:t carries
: ' its young in a pouch
ue until hthe young
hn )are
6 m
(animal that
are fully developed)
67 m
***
(tnavetin a long way
a t to oie
eJ'h rh else
ensef forr a while)
(travelling
lives somewhere
88 dd ...t....................... (an
(an extinct bird or an
an out-of-touch
out-of-touch person or idea)
32.4
32.4
Answer these questions.
11 What do we call sports that deliberately injure or kill animals forpleasure?
for pleasure?
22 What name is given to the activity of buying and
and selling elephants’
elephants' tusks?
33 What do we call people who
who illegally hunt or
or catch animals or fish?
fur trade?
4 4 What arguments would animal rights activists have against the furtrade?
the most valuable part of the
the rhino and
55 What is the
and the reason why
why it is hunted?
you go to get
you want togivea
to give a home toonethat
to one that no
66 Where might you
getaa pet
pet if you
no longer has
has one?
77 Where might you
see wild animals?
you go in Africa to see
you call creatures like mammals that always have approximately the same temperature?
88 What do you
the opposite of the answer to
to 8?
99 What is used to describe creatures like reptiles and
and is the
8?
3L5
32.5
Do not
not fill the
Useaa dictionary if necessary.
Complete the following table. Do
the shaded boxes. Use
In the
the noun and adjective columns, mark which part of the word is stressed.
noun
noun
verb
adjective
carnivore
herbivore
predator
poacher
migration
domestication
domestication
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
71
33
Our endangered world
You
lotof
ofwords
and so
on. In
You probably already knowaa lot
words fortalking
for talking about the
the environment, pollution, and
so on.
this unit we
on collocations (words that are often
we focus particularly on
often used together). Try
Try to learn these
and use them in your writing.
and
A
the environment
Threats and
and potential threats to the
habitats*1 are
areaa threat to biodiversity2,in
ofboth
and animals, and
and
Shrinking habitats
, in terms of
both plants and
33
endangered species need legal protection
protection if they are
areto
to survive. Although some climate change
sceptics44 disagree, most scientists believe that global warming’
warming5 will increase. This will encourage
iceto
sea levels and
and climatic changes. Carbon (dioxide) emissions66
polar ice
to melt, resulting in rising sea
from the burning of
offossil
effect.
the greenhouse eff
ect8. In addition, population
fossil fuels77 are contributing to the
110
0
9
11
, and the ecological balance
may
growth exerts severe pressure on
on’ finite resources ,and
balancell
may be upset
13
13
by uncontrolled
uncontrolled deforestation 12.Demographic
projections
suggest
the
world
population
will
. Demographic projections
16
on depleting resources15.Waste
disposal16
. Waste disposal
continue to grow exponentially 1144,, putting extra pressure on
17
18
17
18
an increasing problem and toxic waste
contaminating many rivers and
and seas. Safe water may
may
is an
waste is contaminating
20
commodity119
’,, leading to issues of water security20
.One
. One of the
the
become an increasingly precious commodity
21
worst-case scenarios
be no
no tropical rainforests left by
by the
Our only hope
is that there will be
the year 2050. Our
scenarios21
22
such as Antarctica
Antarctica can
is that pristine environments
environments22
can be
be protected from development and damage,
sothat
so
that at least these habitats are preserved.
11
and breed which are
aredecreasing
places where animals live and
decreasing in size 2 2 variety of different
different types of biological
3
types of animals/plants which are
arein
ofno
do not believe
species
in danger of
no longer existing 4 4 people who
who do
that climate change isa a serious issue 55 steady rise in average world temperatures 66 carbon dioxide gas
gas
from factories, cars, etc. 7 7 coal, oil, etc. 8 warming of
oftheEarth's
the Earth’s surface caused by pollution, where
0
9
and redirect heat back down totheEarth's
gases trap and
to the Earth’s surface
puts great pressure on; formal ‘10
limited
11
out/ / be
be exhausted “balance
ofnatural
resources that will eventually run out
balance of
natural relationships in the
the environment
112
* unrestricted
unrestricted destruction/clearing of forests ‘133 forecasts about the population *144 grow extremely rapidly
115
’ resources that are reducing 16
*‘ getting rid of
of waste 117
’ poisonous waste materials 118
’ poisoning
19
20
(something) "very
(something)
very valuable substance
ability to
to ensure thataa population has safe drinking water
21
22
22
the worst possibilities for the
the future
perfectly clean/untouched/unspoilt areas
B
and problems
Responses to environmental issues and
Look at
atthese
newspaper headlines
headlines and
and note
note the
useful phrases.
phrases.
Look
these newspaper
the useful
GOVERNING PARTY IN BID TO IMPROVE
GREEN CREDENTIALS1
PROPHETS OF DOOM AND GLOOM2 SHOULD LISTEN TO SCIENTIFIC
EVIDENCE, SAYS PRIME MINISTER
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT3 THE ONLY ANSWER FOR
EMERGING COUNTRIES, SAYS UN COMMISSION
RENEWABLE ENERGY4 – GOVERNMENT DEVELOPS
NEW STRATEGY
11
ofthe
and for making policies that reflect this
reputation for positive support of
the environment and
people who
who always make themost
the most depressing or pessimistic predictions about the future
3
development of
ofindustry,
notdamage
and economic stability, and
and
industry, etc. which does not
damage theenvironment
the environment or social and
which can continue overaa period of time
44
energy produced using sun, wind orcrops
or crops rather than coal or other fuels which cannot be replaced once used
22
Common mistakes
People cause damage totheenvironment
to the environment (NOT damages).
72
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
33.1
33.1
Make these sentences formal by using words and phrases fromAA opposite instead of the
the
underlined words, making any other necessary changes.
11 All that carbon-what’s-it-called gas
eas put
put out
out by
by cars and
and factories is
isa a major problem.
22 These flowers here areaa type there's
not many left of, so
so it’s
it's illegal to
there’s not
to pick them.
33 AA lot of wild animals have to survive in smaller and
and smaller areas where they can live.
4 4 A A lot of Patagonia is
isa a completely spotless area that's
that’s never been touched.
55 We
use on
on this planet because they won't
We have to
to look after the
the thines
things we
we use
won’t last for ever.
6 6 Iflf the
oftrees
be no
no forest left ten
the cutting down of
trees continues, there will be
ten years from now.
77 Burning coal and
and oil and
and stuff like that causes
causesaa lot of pollution.
8 8 The
sea will get
eet higher
hieher if this heating up
up of the world continues.
The sea
99 Increasing population puts really big
bie pressure on
on economic resources.
10 The
one another in nature is very delicate.
delicate.
10
The way
way thines
things all balance one
33.2
33.2
usingaa dictionary if necessary. Do
Do not
not fill the
Complete the following table, using
the shaded boxes.
noun
verb
adjective
adverb
climate
demography
project
sustain
contaminate
tOXÏC
toxic
deplete
33.3
33.3
inthis
Correct the mistakes in
this paragraph.
andgloom
arealways
Profits of boom and
gloom are
always saying that we
we are heading for
for
and that unless we
an environmental catastrophe, and
we adoptaa policy of
attainable development, we
we will cause irreparable damages tothe
to the
ofa a world choked by overpopulation,
planet. The
The worst-place scenery is of
the greenhouse affect and
and traffic gridlock. Much of
ofwhat
what is claimed is
are influenced by
by such voices and
and are always
exaggerated, but politicians are
trying to improve their green potentials in the
ofthe
the eyes of
the voters.
33.4
33.4
Match words on the
the left with words on the
the right
to make collocations about the environment.
11 renewable
22 demographic
33 precious
4 4 polar
55 waste
66 greenhouse
77 worst-case
88 climate change
33.5
33.5
aa scenario
bb sceptic
cc effect
dd energy
ee projections
ff disposal
gg commodity
hh ice
0ve r to
to you
Over
To find more vocabulary connected with environment and
and conservation
conservation issues, visit the
the
websites of major conservation organisations such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
(www.worldwiIdIife.org) or Friends of the Earth International (www.foei.org).
(www.worldwildlife.org)
English Vocabulary
Vocobulary in Use
Use Advanced
73
Ü4
34
Here
Here to help:
help: customer
customer service
A
Good service
Read
these comments
someone about
they recently
Read these
comments by
bysomeone
aboutaa company
company they
recently used.
used.
They'rea
prompt!1 reply to any
any
They’re a good company. They always make sure you
you getaa prompt
22
33
query and
and they're
responsive to
query
they’re very responsive
to complaints. WhenI
When I rang to ask ifII could
accommodating 44 and got
back to
me
change thedelivery
the delivery date, they were very accommodating
got back
to55 me
66
within ten minutes witha
new date. WheneverII ring,
ring,II get
get impeccable
impeccable service;
with a new
they're
and obliging
obliging7,whatever
they’re always very helpful and
, whatever the problem is.
11
22
quick, without delay
/'kwiari/
/ˈkwɪəri/ question or enquiry
3
they listen, take things seriously and
and act
4 4 willing to understand
understand and
and help
B
5
66
77
called (or wrote) with an
an answer
100% perfect
willing and
and happy todo
to do things forsomeone
for someone
Adjectives connected with bad
bad service
adjective
meaning
incompetent
failing through insufficient skill,
bad service; they were completely
It wasn't
wasn’t just bad
ortraining
knowledge or
training
incompetent.
lackingaa personal element or
II find some big
bigshops so impersonal.
lacking
feeling of human warmth
repaired my
my car but
but the
poor quality (of service or of goods) They repaired
the work was very
shoddy.
below the standard expected (often It was
wasa a substandard performance altogether for
suchaa big
bigcompany.
used about actions)
such
company.
not supportive, unwilling to work
The secretary was
soII ended
not
was very uncooperative, so
together
up doing it myself.
impersonal
shoddy
substandard
uncooperative
example
There'sa
backlog of
oforders
and they can’t
can't deliver for three weeks. [number which are
arewaiting
There’s a huge backlog
orders and
waiting to
be dealt with]
be
They never seem tohave
urgency when you
It's exasperating.
exasperating. [feeling that
to have any sense
sense of
of urgency
you ring them. It’s
your request is important or urgent]
They have
haveaa helpline,
helpline, but
but it’s
it's useless; they always put
put you
on hold
hold every time you
you on
you ring. [telephone
number where you can gethelp
get help if you
you have problems] [make you waitj
wait]
The
on my
my tablet stopped working but it was
under guarantee/warranty
Io
The home button on
was still under
guarantee/warranty so
lI didn’t
didn't have to pay to get
getit
byaa company torepair
replaceaa
it repaired. [havingaa written promise by
to repair or replace
faulty product]
product]
C
Service encounters on
on the internet
bigcompanies
offeraa secure
site where you can setup
an account,
and they have
haveaa privacy
privacy
Most big
companies offer
secure site
set up an
account, and
policy guaranteeing secure
details]
policy
secure transactions.
transactions. [web address where no outside person can read your details]
private] [business
[enter all the
the details necessary to open an account] [set of rules to make sure your account is private]
exchanges which protect, e.g., your credit card from use by someone else]
The
availability and
and has
has all the
home
The hotel website lets you
you check availability
the information you
you need on its home
page. [whether they can supply something, e.g.a
it] [main or first page of
ofaa website]
page.
e.g. a room for
for when youwant
you want it]
This site has
has a a very good FAQ
FAQ link where you can find answers to the most important questions.
asked
(pronounced as initials)]
initials)]
[[frequently
frequently a
sked questions
questions (pronounced
This online bookshop is excellent: you
can browse
browse and it has
has a a very good site
index. [look at the
of
you can
site index.
the list of
of contents of website]
goods/services offered before buying] [alphabetical list of
immediate dispatch
dispatch and
andaa nationwide
nationwide service. [goods will be
be sent at
Most large online stores offer immediate
can also track
be delivered.
once] [covering the
the whole country]
country] You
You can
track your order so you
you know when it will be
[follow]
[follow]
Do you
buy clothes online or do
do you
buy them in-store?
in-store? [in
[ina a real shop]
Do
you buy
you prefer to buy
74
74
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
34.1
34.1
orphrases
may be
Fill the
the gaps with appropriate words or
phrases from the opposite page. There may
more than one possible answer.
11 II rang to complain and
and they put me
me ........................... for
for about 15 minutes. ThenI
Then I spoke to someone
who
me again, but
but they never got ........................... me.
me. I’ll
I'll have to call them again.
who promised to ring me
22 They promised immediate ........................... of
of the
goodsI I ordered, but I’ve
I've been waiting overaa week
the goods
and nothing has arrived.
now, and
3 3 I’ve
I've always found the company very ........................... toto complaints and
and enquiries.
4 4 II was
expectingaa ........................... reply to my
my email, but
but I’ve
I've been waiting two
and still
was expecting
two weeks now, and
haven't had
had an
an answer.
haven’t
55 II asked why
hadn't dealt with my
my order yet and
and they said there was
of orders
why they hadn’t
wasaa ........................... of
which had built up
up over the New
New Year's
Year’s holiday.
66 In my
my opinion, the
.I. I would have expected
the goods and theservice
the service were both pretty
better quality from sucha
such a famous firm.
inhhat
areso
an
acre genuinely
genuinb helpful.
7 Staff in
that shop are
so
;dthey
they are
-vthey couldn’t solve my problem.
O
,bbut
8 I rangtthe
9 9 Ithnnk
musitaeins
uumentbefoe
y it, so
so II would recommend you buy
buy
I thinkyou"need
you need to try”a
try a musical
instrument
before yo
youbbuy
your guitar ........................... rather than online.
10 Most online stores ask
ask you
an account before you
can buy
buy things.
10
you to ........................... an
you can
34.2
34.2
aresome
Here are
some links from internet sites. Match them with the list of
of functions.
your orders
order
11 Track your
44 cneck
Check availability @
77
At a glance site map
2 2 Returns
Returns policy
policy
55
88
YOUr
Your basket
basket \Y
33
66 Gallery
FAQ
Browse our
our categories
99 Privacv
cookies@
Privacy and
and cookies
aa look through the range before buying
ee goods you have chosen but not yetpaid
yet paid for
for
bb the most commonly asked questions
ff see if the
can be supplied
the goods you want can
cc rules for protecting your personal details and
and g g look at pictures of something or
or someone
whether the
may leave tracking and
and other hh rules for sending back goods you are
arenot
the site may
not
software
on your computer
satisfied with
soft
ware on
satisfied
dd with one
one look you
can see what thewebsite
ii follow the progress of your order
you can
the website
contains
34.3
34.3
Replace the underlined words with words from theopposite
the opposite page.
11 The
got lacked the necessary skills and
and he
he caused
causedaa flood in our
our kitchen.
The plumber we
we got
2 2 If you
can ring.
you have any questions about the service, there'sa
there’s a helpline you
you can
3 3 The
new TV
replaceaa faulty item.
The new
TV came witha
with a two-year promise to repair or replace
4 4 The
has no
no feeling of human warmth about it; they just treat you
asaa number.
The service has
you as
55 Do
Do they off
offera
er a service that covers the whole country?
66 The
me couldn’t
couldn't have been better.
The service they gave me
7 7 It’s
It'sa a website which safely protects all your personal details.
8 8 It didn’t
didn't feel like
likea a business exchange that was
cancelled it and
and logged off
off..
was safe, soI
so I cancelled
34.4
Over to you
To
on the
To find more vocabulary connected with customer service on
the internet, visit the
the websites
and read their terms and
and conditions, privacy policy, etc. Note down useful
of online stores and
words that you
you find.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
75
75
Ü35
Authorities: customs
Authorities:
customs and
and police
police
A
Enteringaa country
Entering
On
possiblyaa landing
On arrival in most countries, you
you have to show your passport or national identity card, possibly
card‘
and oftena
may need
needaa visa and
and a a vaccination certificate3,,
card1 and
often a customs declaration form22.You
. You may
depending on entry regulations4.Alternatively,
can use e-passport gates which make
. Alternatively, some passengers can
useoffacial
out spot checks‘
people's baggage to
use
of facial recognition technology’.
technology5. Customs officers carry out
checks6 on
on people’s
7
find banned or
orrestricted
goods’ and
and tocheck
haven't gone over your allowance
allowance’.8. They may
may
restricted goods
to check that you
you haven’t
10
usesniffer/detector
dogs’9 to detect
detect*’
use
sniffer/detector dogs
drugs, tobacco, cash or explosives. In most cases, you
you have toclear
to clear
customs“
attheport
may wish to be recognised
recognised as refugees
refugees‘133 and
and claim
customs11 at
the port of entry‘
entry122.Some
. Some passengers may
asylum‘4.
are sometimes called asylum-seekers.
asylum14. People who
who claim asylum in this way
way are
11
what goods you
form with your personal details and
and date of arrival 2 2 form showing how
how much money and
andwhat
33
are
carrying
paper proving you
you have had the necessary health injections ° 4 rules about who
who can enter
arecarrying
for how long 55 computer application that can
can automatically identify
from a visual
aa country and
and forhow
identifya a person froma
6
image
checks done as
asaa sample, rather than checking everyone or everything 77 items that are forbidden
8
or only permitted in specified quantities
amount permitted by law 99 specially trained dogs who
who locate
110
specific items using their sense of
of smell ’ find something hidden 11 successfully get through baggage
13
checking 12 the port or airport where you first enteraa country
people who
who have escaped from their
114
own country for political reasons 4/a'sailom/
own
/əˈsaɪləm/ to request permission to stay in another country to avoid
or political beliefs]
beliefs]
persecution back home [cruel treatment because of
of race, religion or
B
Policing the
the streets
The
The police enforce
enforce the law. [make people obey]
A A police officer can
can stop
and search
isa a suspicion
stop and
search you
you if there is
suspicion you
you
orstolen
are carrying drugs, weapons or
stolen property. [belief that something
may be the case]
casej
,
”
may
The
¿
The police cannot normally enter your home against your wishes
withouta
without a search
search warrant.
warrant. [official permission froma
from a judge or magistrate .
to search
searchaa home]
’
,
cameras toensure
aren't
Many roads have safety/speed
safety/speed cameras
to ensure people aren’t
exceeding the
limit. [going faster than the permitted
permitted speed]
exceeding
the speed
speed limit.
Traffic
parking tickets,
Traffic wardens
wardens issue parking
tickets, with fines for illegal parking.
not leave their cars where it
[people whose jobit
job it is to
to make sure drivers do
do not
not allowed]
allowed]
is not
The
use surveillance
CCTV (closed-circuit television)
The police also use
surveillance /sa'veilans/
/səˈveɪləns/ techniques, including CCTV
television)
to monitor public areas such as town centres and
and airports. [television
[television system sending signals toa
to a limited
ofscreens]
number of
screens]
C
Other types of policing
security
oftenaa name for
security forces:
forces: often
for thearmy
the army and police working together
plain-clothes police:
police: police who
do not
not wear uniform
plain-clothes
who do
undercover police:
police: police who
usingaa false identity
undercover
who are working secretly, using
drug squad:
drug
squad: police specially trained to fight the
the illegal drug trade
anti-corruption squad:
and fight bribery/corruption
bribery/corruption [dishonest
anti-corruption
squad: police specially trained to discover and
behaviour usually involving using money illegally to
to gain favours]
cybercrime: computer crime (there are
are many types, including cyberterrorism,
cybercrime:
cyberterrorism, cyberwarfare,
cyberwarfare,
phishing = tricking people on
up personal information, particularly bank
phishing
on the internet to give up
details)
account details)
Common mistakes
isa a plural word: The police ore
Police is
are trying to combat crime.
76
76
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
--
Exercises
35.1
35.1
and collocations fromAA opposite instead of the
Rewrite these sentences using phrases and
the
underlined words.
11 You'll
You’ll have to showaa paper proving that you
you have had injections for infectious diseases when you
you
enter the country.
22 People entering from war-torn countries often ask
ask for permission to stay to avoid political
own country.
oppression in their own
33 You
baeeaee through customs if you
on an
an international flight at
at San
San
You have to
to take your baggage
you arrive on
are flying on
on within the USA.
Francisco airport, even if you
you are
44 You
may have tofill
ina a paper saying
sayine how
how much money you're
brineine into the
You may
to fill in
you’re bringing
the country before
going through customs control.
5 5 At the
useaa system that checks that the photo in the
the airport now, they use
the passport is actually of hte
the
usine the passport.
person using
66 Passenger to
toairline
me one
one of those papers forfilling
my
airline cabin attendant: Could you
you give me
for filling in my
passport number and personal details before we
we arrive, please?
77 At the airport, the
had those special does
can smell drugs.
drues.
the security guards had
dogs that can
88 You'll
needaa visa; the
You’ll need
the rules about who
who can enter the country are very strict.
9 9 You
box here.
You have to
to fill in the
the city where you first entered the country in this box
35.2
35.2
Match the words toform
to form collocations.
11 detector
22 landing
33 cyber
44 speed
55 search
35.3
35.3
66 spot
77 closed-circuit
88 drug
99 parking
10 restricted
a a squad
ff ticket
bb television
television gg dogs
cc goods
hh crime
dd check
i warrant
ee camera
jj card
we call:
What do we
11 aa police officer who
notwear
who does not
wear uniform?
22 aa person whose jobit
no one
one is parked illegally?
job it is to
to check that no
3 3 police officers engaged in combating dishonest use of public funds?
44 the official paper you
on your windscreen when youpark
you sometimes find stuck on
you park illegally?
5 5 the
of police officer who
infiltratea a group suspected of
ofterrorism?
who might tryto
try to infiltrate
terrorism?
the type of
66 the
and army considered as
asaa single body?
the police and
35.4
35.4
Chooseaa word from the
Put it in
in the
Choose
the box to
to complete each sentence. Put
the correct form.
detect
suspicion
exceed
search
enforce
refugee
persecution
allowance
An official stopped the man
11 An
man because
becauseaa sniffer dog
dog had
had ........................... something in his suitcase.
2 2 During the Civil War
War many ........................... crossed the border into neighbouring countries.
for their religious beliefs.
33 Throughout the centuries many people have suffered
suffered ........................... for
was fined for ........................... the
the speed limit.
4 4 Ella was
do all he
to ........................... the
the law.
5 5 It is
isa a police officer’s
officer's duty to do
he or
or she
she can
can to
you come into this country, the tobacco ........................... is 200
66 When youcome
200 cigarettes per
per person.
on the
the powers the police have to
to stop and
77 There are
are restrictions on
and ........................... people.
The police have had
for some time now.
88 The
had ........................... about the activities at that address forsome
35.5
35.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
up information concerning entry and
and immigration
immigration formalities
If you
you have internet access, look up
for different countries, which are
areoften
and note any new
new vocabulary.
often available in English, and
vocabulary. For
see
example, for regulations about the UK, see www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk or for Australia, see
www.immi.gov.au.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
77
Š6
36
Beliefs
Beliefs
A
and their beliefs
People and
person
definition
related words
adherent (of)
aa person who
supportsaa particular idea or party
who supports
hastaken
onaa new
new set
setof
someone who
who has
taken on
of beliefs
(disapproving) someone witha
with a very strong belief that
something is great
someone who
who believes there should be extreme change,
often political
or new
new
(disapproving) someone opposed tochange
to change or
ideas
adherence, to adhere to
convert
(to)
convert (to)
fanatic
radical
reactionary
conversion, to convert
fanaticism, fanatical
radicalism, to radicalise
reaction, to react
B A A definition of one
one belief
PACIFISM Pacifists
Pacifists seek
conflict, and
believe that
never be
be justified.
PACIFISM
seek to
to eradicate
eradicate1 violence
violence and
and conflict,
and they
they believe
that war
war can
can never
justified.
A A key
key tenet
by proponents
proponents33 ofthis
is that
life is
is precious
precious and
never be
be wasted.
tenet22 shared
shared by
of this way
way of
of thinking
thinking is
that life
and should
should never
wasted.
Some pacifists’
pacifists' beliefs
beliefs derive
religious views,
some pacifists
pacifists go
in
Some
derive from
from44 their
their religious
views, and
and some
go as
as far
far as
as to
to oppose
oppose violence
violence in
all forms,
including in
in self-defence.
have been
been several
several very
pacifists throughout
history, such
as
all
forms, including
self-defence. There
There have
very well-known
well-known pacifists
throughout history,
such as
5
Mahatma Gandhi,
Gandhi, who
Indian independence
independence through
using non-violent
non-violent civil
civil disobedience
disobedience^.
His
Mahatma
who campaigned
campaigned for
for Indian
through using
. His
success has
has inspired
inspired others
use peaceful
peaceful resistance
resistance to
achieve their
including Martin
Martin Luther
Luther King
King Jr.,a
success
others to
to use
to achieve
their goals,
goals, including
Jr., a
key figure
in the
Civil Rights
Rights Movement
Movement in
in the
United States
in the
1950s and
60s.
key
figure in
the Civil
the United
States in
the 1950s
and 60s.
11
abolish or get rid of
of
4 have their origins in
4
C
22
a a principle on
on whicha
an opinion
which a belief is based 33 person who
who publicly supports an
5
^ when
whenaa group of
ofpeople
people express disapproval of laws by refusing to obey them
Other words and expressions relating to believing
Emma’s
viewpoint// point
view is
that we
we should
just wait
wait and
what happens
of
Emma's viewpoint
point of
of view
is that
should just
and see
see what
happens next.
next. [way of
thinking about
aboutaa situation]
situation]
The
boy produced
producedaa barely credible
credible excuse forarriving
incredible]]
The boy
for arriving late. [believable; opp. --= incredible
was incredulous
when she
told me
she was
was quitting
job to
to go
to New
II was
incredulous when
shetold
me she
quitting her
her job
go to
New Zealand.
Zealand. [not wanting or
something1
able to believe something]
He’s
very gullible
you tell
tell him.
He's very
gullible —– he
he believes
believes anything
anything you
him. [easily tricked into believing things that may
may
be true]
not be
You should
should tryto
try to be
subjective about
the situation.
or feelings rather than
You
be less
less subjective
about the
situation. [influenced
[influenced by
by beliefs or
facts; opp. ——= objectives
objective]
Can't you
findaa more plausible
plausible excuse than that? [convincing; opp. ——= implausible
implausiblej]
Can’t
you find
attribute this anonymous poem toDante.
Many scholars attribute
to Dante. [consider something to be caused or created by]
II presume
presume that Meena told you
you what happened. [believe something to be true although you
you are not
totally certain]
certain]
We
her the
benefit of
doubt. [accept that someone is telling the
We should give
give her
the benefit
of the
the doubt.
the truth even though it is
not certain]
certain]
not
You should
should take
take what
what he
with a pinch
salt –— he’s
to exaggerate.
exaggerate. [do
You
he says
says witha
pinch of
of salt
he's inclined
inclined to
[do not totally believe
what you are
aretold]
told]
78
78
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
36.1
36.1
Completed the word table. Do
Do not
not fill the
Complete
the shaded boxes.
noun – person
noun – abstract
verb
adjective
adherent
convert
radical
reactionary
fanatic
36.2
36.2
inthe
Find words and expressions in
the text inBB with the following meanings.
11 want toachieve
to achieve ... ......................
22 have their roots in .. ... .. .. ... .. ......
3 3 completely get rid of
of ...........................
4 4 supporters ...........................
36.3
36.3
5 5 organised
organised activities to
to try to
to achieve
something ...........................
6 6 principle ..........................
7 7 campaign ofprotest
of protest ..........................
inthesentences
Choose the correct word in
the sentences below.
11 AA gullible person believes everything even if it is plausible/
plausible / implausible.
22 I I don’t
don't find his story at all credible
credible// incredulous.
33 When marking exams, tryto
advantagef/ benefit of the
try to give candidates the advantage
the doubt.
44 AA fanatic is someone witha
with a very objectivef
objective / subjective point of view.
55 The
law says that you
The law
you must be Ierived
derivedl/ presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
66 It is better to take her promises witha
with a pinch of salt/
salt / pepper.
77 In the
ofthis
and conclude by giving your
the essay you
you must summarise theeconomic
the economic problems of
this area and
own point of view
view// tenet about what thegovernment
do to solve them.
own
the government should do
88 The
has been Iresumed
Shakespeare.
The play has
presumedl/ attributed to Shakespeare.
36.4
36.4
Choose words from the box to
to complete the sentences below.
adherents
subjective
attribute
converts
eradicate
justified
justified
objective
pinch
resistance
11 The
The charity aims to ........................... poverty in this region within five years.
22 It has
has been said that.
can often be
be much more active supporters of the
that ... .. .. ... .. ....... toa
to a religion can
religion than people who
who were born into it.
3 3 The
The group felt their protest against the unfair laws was
was completely .. ...... .. ... .. .. .... .
4 4 TheThe criteria for judging the Poem of
oftheYear
the Year competition are, inevitably, to
to some extent
.
55 Many of
oftheself-professed
of this philosophy have never even read its basic texts.
the self-professed ........................... of
6 6 Historians ........................... the
the origins of this philosophy to Ancient Greece.
77 A A judge must trytoremain
and not
not let personal values influence his or
or her
her
try to remain ........................... and
decisions.
88 The
no ...... .. ...... .. ... .. toto thethe rebel takeover.
The Government troops offered no
99 I I take anything said by
by an
an election candidate witha
of salt.
with a ........................... of
36.5
36.5
0ve r to
to you
Over
upaa world view that interests you, e.g. feminism, Marxism,
If you
you have internet access, look up
orany
humanism, Buddhism or
any -ism that you
you want toresearch.
to research. Make notes about (a) the
the
and (c) what differences there are between
origins of the
the -ism, (b) what its basic beliefs are, and
has them).
its different branches (if it has
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
79
Ü7
37
Festivals in their cultural context
A
Describing festivals
Read
this short
text about
cultural festival.
festival.
Read this
short text
aboutaa Kenyan
Kenyan cultural
TRA¥EL
TRAVEL
AFRICA Mombasa Carnival
*
The
The Mombasa Carnival falls
falls in November each year in this
and the
Kenyan city. People from all over the country, and
the world,
travel to
to Mombasa toparticipate
to participate in the
the festivities. The
The carnival
features
features people dressed in spectacular costumes parading
through the city's
and
city’s streets, performing traditional songs and
dances to celebrate their cultures. Promoting integration
integration within
this multicultural
multicultural region remains the focus of the carnival.
. '
“, '
noun
verb
adjective
There are
are big
bigcelebrations
on New
New
celebrations on
Year's
Year’s Day.
New Year's
Day is celebrated
New
Year’s Day
in many ways. The
The festival
New Year.
celebrates the New
and
It was
wasa a public holiday and
ina a celebratory
everyone was
was in
mood.
The
The festival is held in March.
day(s)/event]
[special day(s)/event]
The
The festivities go
go on
on for days.
activities]
[enjoyable activities]
The
The parade in the
the town square was
was
aa very colourful spectacle.
attendsaa
Everyone in the
the village attends
big feast in the
the evening [big meal
tocelebrate
to celebrate something].
There wasa
was a festive mood in the
the
village during the spring holiday.
On the anniversary of the
On
battle, soldiers paraded
through the streets.
streets.“ *
During the national holiday,
there is
isa a whole week of
of
feasting and
celebrations.
feasting
and celebrations.
Many ofthecustoms
of the customs have their
origin in ancient ceremonies.
The
The festival isa a time of
of renewal.
The
The parade is always very
spectacular.**
spectacular.
Each year, the
the festival renews
thenational
of the
the national spirit of
the
people.
A A ceremonial procession goes
through the streets of the
the city.
The
end of the
The celebrations at the end
war
war brought renewed hope tothe
to the
people.
** There is no
no verb forspectacle
and no
no adjective for parade.
for spectacle and
B
Other words and phrases connected with festivals
A A lot of people are
arevery
very superstitious,
superstitious, especially about numbers and colours. [have illogical beliefs
nature]
about hidden forces in nature]
The
centenary/bi-centenary ofthe
country's independence. [100th anniversary
The festival celebrated the centenary/bi-centenary
of the country’s
/ / 200th anniversary]
anniversaryj
The
Rio de
de Janeiro Carnival is always
alwaysaa very flamboyant
raucous event. [extremely colourful and
and
The Rio
flamboyant and raucous
exaggerated] [very noisy]
exaggerated]
The
sombre and atmospheric.
atmospheric. [serious, heavy and
and sadj
[hasaa special feeling
The Festival of the
the Dead is very sombre
sad] [has
atmosphere] It can
can be
be traced
back to
pagan times.
may be
be found in]
ink [the times when people
or atmosphere]
traced back
to pagan
times. [its origin may
believed that nature had
had special powers]
believed
The
commemorates all those who
country's civil war. [respects and
and
The annual holiday commemorates
who died in the
the country’s
officially;
formal]
remembers off
icially; formal]
80
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
37.1
37.1
Usewords
Use
words and phrases fromAA opposite to rewrite the
the underlined words. Use the word
and make any
anyother
class indicated and
other necessary changes.
11 For
ForChristians,
isa a celebration of the
Christians, Christmas is
the birth of Jesus Christ. (verb)
2 2 The
and musical gatherings.
gatherings. (noun, plural)
The festival events included parades, sports and
3 3 There wasa
(adjective)
was a feeling of celebration about the whole weekend. (adjective)
4 4 For
For people who
of the
who live in the
the country, the
the spring festival renews the fertility of
the land. (noun)
55 There was
ofceremony
asthemilitary
ina a parade around the
was an atmosphere of
ceremony as
the military bands took part in
main square. (adjective, verb)
66 People were in
ina a mood for
andaa huge
foraa festival when theharvest
the harvest was
was successfully completed and
meal was
was held in the
the village. (adjective, noun)
77 You
and see the lantern festival. It’s
It's always spectacular. (noun)
You should go and
88 The
on the first Monday in July. It is in memory of
of
aa famous battle. (verb, verb)
The festival is always on
99 It was
anniversar of the founding of
ofthe
and the
anniversar of the
was the
the 100th anniversary
the university and
the 200th anniversary
city itself. (noun, noun)
300 children was
(adjective)
10 The
The gymnastic display involving 300
wasaa real spectacle. (adjective)
37.2
37.2
an extract of someone talking aboutaa festival using rather informal language.
Here is an
Write it as
as a a more formal description, using words and expressions from the box instead
any other necessary changes.
of the
the underlined words. Make any
parade
sombre
atmospheric
superstitious
focus
associate trace back to
flamboyant renewal
raucous
pagan
symbolise
Well, it was
and it was
was called the
the Festival of Flowers, and
was to
to do
do with the
ofspring,
after
dark serious winter months. It was
coming of
spring, aft
er the
the dark,
wasa a time
ofeverythin
bein new
ne aagain.
ain. Its origin can
be seen in the
of
everything being
can be
the religious
tradition
offer
tradition of taking flowers to off
er them tothegods.
to the gods. Spring flowers
were themain
and there was
alwaysaa big
bigrow
the main thine
thing in the
the festival, and
was always
group
of people marching through the streets. It was
and
of
was all very lively and
and probably rather noisy,
noisv, and
and there was
ereat
extremely colourful and
wasaa great
new life, and
and people thought they would
atmosphere. The
The flowers meant new
guaranteedaa good harvest later in the
be guaranteed
the year if they were offered
offered to
the
don't have such funnv
the gods. Nowadays, most people don’t
funny beliefs about
but there are still some festivals that are all about nature’s
nature's
nature, but
nowers celebrated every year.
special powers
37.3
37.3
Over to
to you
Over
• • Which of
ofthese
are celebrated in your country? What happens on them?
these important days are
Mother's Day
Day
May Day Valentine's
Day
Mother’s
Independence Day
May
Valentine’s Day
• • What is the
day of
ofthe
the most important day
the year in your country? What does it symbolise or
areits
commemorate? What does it feature? What are
its origins? What sort of atmosphere does
it have?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
81
81
38
Talking about language
A
Specialist terms fortalking
for talking about language
Syntax: the grammar and word order
Different
express modality
ways. [meanings such as possibility and
Different languages
languages express
modality in
in different
different ways.
and necessity]
necessity]
English does it with modal verbs like mUst,
must, could and
and should.
Phonology: the sound system, i.e. pronunciation and
and intonation
All languages
/v/. [different sounds that distinguish meanings]
All
languages have
have phonemes,
phonemes, such
such as
as /b/ and
and /v/.
meanings] English
English
has
ten diphthongs
combining vowels, such as /ei/
/eɪ/ and
/aʊ/]
has ten
diphthongs.. [sounds made by
bycombining
and /au/]
Lexicon: specialised
for vocabulary
specialised term forvocabulary
Orthography: specialised
for writing systems and
specialised term forwriting
and spelling
The English alphabet has 26 characters. [letters or
symbols] Some writing systems, such as Chinese,
The
or symbolsj
are
or ideograms.
are not
not alphabetic
alphabetic but
but have
have pictograms
pictograms or
ideograms. [characters representing pictures] [characters
representing ideas/concepts]
how words are
areformed
Morphology: how
formed
and able. [units of meaning]
In English, there are three morphemes in unthinkable: un, think and
B
Other useful words fortalking
for talking about language
polysemous. [they haveaa number of
ofdifferent
Many words in English are polysemous.
different meanings] The
The meaning will
be clear from its context.
usually be
context. [the language or situation around it]
Words are
areoften
ina a metaphorical way
not literal, e.g. to see
the light, meaning
often used in
way –—aa way
way that is not
see the
‘to understand something’ rather than literally to
to see
seea a light.
areused]
Language usage inevitably changes with time. [the way
way words are
used] Some words become obsolete
while new
new words are
arecoined.
out of
coined. [fall out
of use] [of words, created]
Any
hasaa number of
ofdifferent
registers. [style of language used in
ina a particular situation, e.g.
Any language has
different registers.
formal, informal]
informal] Jargon is used to describe
describeaa specific type of
of language that is used by
byaa particular
ofpeople
group of
people sharinga
sharing a job or interest, e.g. military jargon, computer jargon.
C
Using language well or badly
can be
be described as articulate
Someone who
who uses language well can
articulate [able to express their ideas clearly in
wordsj
eloquent. [able to express ideas or opinions clearly, in
ina a way
may influence others] They may
may
words] or eloquent.
way that may
ina a succinct way
and using few
and they may
may always be able to
express something in
way [clearly and
few words],
words], and
think of the mot
mot juste.
orphrase
juste. [French for ‘correct word’ —– exactly the
the right word or
phrase fora
for a particular situation]
situation]
not use language well can
can be
be described as inarticulate.
inarticulate. [unable to express their
Someone who
who does not
are speechless or lost for words, you
areso
ideas clearly in words] If you
you are
you are
so surprised that you
you are
put your foot in
in it, you
say something without thinking carefully and
and
unable to say anything. If you
you put
you say
may upset or embarrass someone.
may
82
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
38.1
38.1
Rewrite these sentences using more appropriate technical terms fromAA opposite instead
of the
the underlined words.
11 The writing system of
of Burmese is quite difficult fora
for a foreign learner.
2 2 Japanese uses several different writing systems, with hundreds of
of letters and
and symbols.
33 The
ofa a language like English is constantly changing.
The vocab________yular
vocabulary of
44 Unlike English, some world languages have very few
ofvowels.
few vowel sounds and no combinations of
vowels.
55 This ancient and
and beautiful alphabet uses characters that symbolise pictures to express meaning.
66 Meanings connected with probability and
and obligation are expressed
expressed in different forms in different
languages.
38.2
38.2
Complete the word formation table below. Use
Useaa dictionary if necessary. If your
dictionary gives pronunciations, mark any
differences in
stress between the
the noun form
anydiWerences
instress
and the adjective form.
noun
adjective
change in stress?
orthography
lexicon
modality
metaphor
polysemy
38.3
38.3
The sentences below are
areexamples
inthe
examples ofthe
of the different types of language in
the box. What is
each an example of?
of?
obsolete language
computer jargon
metaphor
polysemy
11 Life is
isa a journey and
and sometimes your path will be
be rocky.
22 Marry, thou are
are roinish, forsooth.
33 It’s
It's not
not fair that boy
boy with the fair hair won
won all the
the prizes at the
the fair.
4 4 What kind of external storage device do
do you
you have access to?
38.4
38.4
inthebox.
Complete the sentences with the words in
the box.
eloquent
foot
inarticulate
mot juste
mot
speechless
succinct
words
11 Sam
Sam is so
so good with words –— he can always find the
the
.
2 2 I I love listening to
her –— she’s
she's such an ........................... speaker.
to her
33 I I couldn’t
couldn't believe it when shesaid
my money —
she said she'd
she’d lost all my
–I I was
was completely ........................... !
4 4 WeWe don’t
don't have much time, so I’ll
I'll be
be as
as ........................... as
as possible.
55 I I thinkI
put my
my ........................... in it whenI
how Tom
didn't realise they'd
up!
think I put
when I asked Sara how
Tom was.I
was. I didn’t
they’d split up!
6 6 I I was
was completely lost for ........................... when Adam told me
me he’d
he'd quit his job.
7 7 I I couldn’t
couldn't understand
understandaa word of
ofwhat
he was
what he was saying –— he
was completely ............................ .
38.5
38.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
• • How
How is your language written –— in letters, pictograms or ideograms?
•• Do
Do learners of your language find the
the syntax difficult? Why?
•• Does your language have diphthongs?
•• Does your language have modal verbs? If not, how
how does it express modality?
•• Do
Do you
you know anyone who
who is very eloquent?
•• Have you ever been lost for words? When?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
83
83
39
History: since the dawn of civilisation
A
and the ordinary
History -– the
the great and
Archaeologists’
of past civilisations,
Archaeologists1 patiently work among theremains
the remains of
trying to understand
understand once-powerful vast empires22,kingdoms
, kingdoms33 and
dynasties44.Since
. Since the dawn
dawn55 ofcivilisation,
of civilisation, societies have recorded the
66
and emperors, the fate of their heirs
heirs’7 and
and successors’
and
successors8 and
reigns of kings and
0
9
10
conquests‘ .All
can be
be
. All this can
major events such as coronations,
coronations , wars and conquests
manuscripts‘111 or on
on stone tablets. When an
an heir succeeds to the
recorded in manuscripts
throne and
and is crowned, we
how long he/she reigns. Meanwhile,
we usually learn how
13
, the pattern
the ordinary people, the peasants
the lives of
of the
peasants*122 and
and labourers13
,the
4
14
often go
of their days, the migrations
migrations* of social groups, often
go unrecorded, and
and
and historians have
haveaa tougher task in interpreting whatever
archaeologists and
shreds*’
and
for many, this is the
the real history and
shreds15 of evidence remain. But formany,
our past.
archaeology, the true key to our
“
* .
•
•"
11
of past societies 22 group of
ofcountries
byaa single person
person who
who studies the material evidence of
countries ruled by
byaa king or queen 44 diff
different
are all from the same family, or
oraa period
individual countries ruled by
erent rulers who
who are
by them 55 beginning 66 period thata
of time thata
that a country is controlled
controlled by
that a king, queen oremperor
or emperor rules
77
ofsomeone
person who
who is legally entitled to continue the work of
someone important who
who has died or who
who has the same
8
had
position as they had
person who
who takes over from another person 99 event whena
when a king or queen receives
0
when someone or
oran
and takes over another country 111
‘ texts written by
by
his/her crown *10
an army defeats and
2
12
and earns little, usually having
havingaa low social status 113
^ person who
hand * person who
who works on the land and
who
unskilled manual work 14
*4 moving from one
one place to another in large numbers 15
*’ very small amounts
does unskilled
33
B
Historical eras
Bronze Age
and tin
In ancient Egypt, the
the Bronze
Age began about 5,000 years ago. [period when themetals
the metals copper and
began to be used to make weapons, tools, etc.; we
we also talk of the
the Stone Age, the Iron Age]
medieval times was
or from the European Middle Ages, i.e. 1000–1500
1000—1500 ADj
Life in medieval
was hard. [of or
AD]
II love the
Renaissance art
artof
new growth of
ofinterest
and activity in the
the great Renaissance
of Italy. [period of new
interest and
the arts especially
in Europe in the
the 14th to 16th centuries]
and works of
ofartwere
pre-colonial era.
Magnificent architecture and
art were created in Central America in the
the pre-colonial
opp.. ——= post-colonial
post-colonial]]
[period before Europeans arrived in large numbers and took power; opp
C
Military history
infantry: soldiers on
on foot (uncountable)
(uncountable)
infantry:
cavalry: soldiers on
on horseback (uncountable)
(uncountable)
cavalry:
(suit of)
armour: metal protective clothing worn by soldiers
(suit
of) armour:
chariot: two-wheeled vehicle pulled by
byaa horse and
and used in ancient times forracing
and war
chariot:
for racing and
war
galleon: large sailing ship with three or four masts, used in the
galleon:
the 15th to 18th centuries
D
People
warlord:a
often,
an area withina
warlord: a military leader who
who controlsa
controls a country or, more oft
en, an
within a country
slave: person legally owned by
bysomeone
and who
has to work for
slave:
someone else and
who has
for them (noun = slavery)
slavery)
ruler: leader ofaa country
ruler:
explorer: someone who
no one
one is thought ever to have visited, in order to find
explorer:
who travels to places that no
out what is there
out
merchant: someone who
and sells things in large amounts, especially by
by trading with other
merchant:
who buys and
countries
monarch: neutral term for
atits
be
monarch:
foraa king or queen (a country witha
with a king or queen at
its head can also be
calledaa monarchy)
monarchy)
called
the
nobility: collective term forpeople
ofthe
ina a society
the nobility:
for people of
the highest social rank in
84
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
39.1
39.1
Which words on theopposite
arethese
the opposite page are
these definitions of?
11 The
The period during which someone is king or queen ...........................
2 2 A A family that rules during different generations
33 Someone who
orcontrol
who is legally entitled to take power or
control when someone dies ...........................
4 4 A A text written by
by hand .. ... .. .. ... .........
€'
C V S a crown
5 The€'event whenEIa king or queen
receives
”ntries ruled
6 6 Several
Shee r edtffehent
uu led bbyAn
e person
s n ’I
different cku
countries
one
7 7 A A metaphorical expression meaning ‘the beginning’
beginnin”g ”of”something
of something ...........................
8 8 A A small amount
99 Abhi
rical era
era when theuseofcopper
and tin to
historical
the use of copper and
to make weapons and implements
a
began
period”in”the”history
10 The
The period
in the history of many countries before European conquerors arrived ...........................
39.2
39.2
usingaa dictionary if necessary. Do
Do not
not fill the
Complete the table, using
the shaded boxes.
person
noun
verb
kingdom
emperor
successor
crown
conquest
archaeologist
reign
labour
migration
ruler
monarch
39.3
39.3
and endings of the sentences.
Match the beginnings and
11 The sailors
22 The
The emperor drove
3 3 The
The infantry
4 4 The
The nobility
55 The
The cavalry
66 The
The warlord
77 The
The merchant
88 The
The explorer
39.4
39.4
a a marched forthree
for three days.
bb led
led his army into battle.
cc drew
drewaa map
map of
oftheisland.
the island.
dd boarded the galleon.
ee traded with the local tribespeople.
tribespeople.
ff lived in large, expensive houses.
gg aa chariot with two
two black horses.
hh galloped across the field.
aresome
ofthewords
inaa metaphorical way. Read the
Here are
some of
the words from theopposite
the opposite page used in
the
and answer thequestions
sentences and
the questions about the underlined phrases.
11 The
likea a galleon in full sail. Was
and awkward
The princess swept into the
the room like
Was the
the princess (a) small and
or(b)
and stately?
or
(b) large and
2 2 He
He doesn’t
doesn't mind criticism
criticism and
and it’s
it's often hard to penetrate his armour. Is the
the person described
be (a) thick-skinned
likely to
to be
thick-skinned or (b) physically strong?
33 There has been
beenaa renaissance of interest in the
Has interest (a) increased or (b) decreased?
the harp. Has
44 No
No one
one should be
beaa slave to tradition.
tradition. Does thewriter
the writer think people should (a) always follow
tradition or (b) not
not always follow tradition?
55 Mike has
hasaa positively medieval attitude towards the role of women in society. Does Mike have (a)
(a)a a
(b)a a very old-fashioned, conservative attitude?
liberal, open-minded attitude or (b)
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
85
85
40
40
The haves and
The
and the have-nots
A
Definitions of poverty
1
‘Fundamentally‘,
isa a denial
and opportunities,
opportunities,aa
United Nations definition: ‘Fundamentally
, poverty is
denial2 of choices and
44
33
violation
dignity ...’
violation of human dignity
…’
11
44
ina a basic and
and important way
in
way
worth
22
not allowing people to have
33
actthat
act
that spoils or destroys something
type and aspect
of poverty
definition
comments
absolute poverty
being poor according toaa fixed
minimum standard; sometimes
called the
the poverty line
relative poverty
being poor in relation to others
around you
extreme poverty
living below the
the poverty line
human poverty
ina a range of ways,
being poor in
not only financial
f1.90 to live on
on a a day
day
In 2015, people with less than $1.90
were defined as being below the
the poverty line. This
sum does, of course, regularly change.
sum
This kind of poverty depends on
onaa person’s
person's social
context1.It
no
. It takes into account that there is no
income equality between countries.
be lacking in
People living in extreme poverty will be
and money. Another word for
material possessions and
extreme poverty is penury.
This kind of poverty takes into account such social
factors as
as shelter2,nutrition
, nutrition3 (people living in
4
poverty are more likely to
to be
),
be malnourished
malnourished4),
literacy55 levels (people living in poverty are more
be illiterate), sanitation
sanitation‘,6, access to
likely to
to be
and healthcare.
healthcare. People lacking these basic
education and
are said to be
be deprived7..
aspects of life are
11
situation 2 2 havingaa place to live that is protected from theweather
the weather 33 food that people take into their body
4 suffering from ill health because of
of poor food (noun = malnourishment/malnutrition) 55 ability to
and
to read and
66
write
systems for taking dirty water and
and waste from homes toensure
to ensure good hygiene 77 noun = deprivation
life]
[lacking in things considered necessary fora a pleasant life]
4
B
and poverty
Other expressions relating to wealth and
Most
the world’s
Most of
ofthe
world's population
population can
can be
be classed
classed as
as poor.
poor. [categorised]
[categorised]
Only
the world
world enjoy
Onlyaa small
small minority
minority of
of people
people in
in the
enjoy affluence
affluence// are
are affluent.
affluent. [wealth; wealthy]
The super-rich
super-rich are
who are
The
are people
people who
are exceptionally
exceptionally rich.
rich.
It’s
very poor
the population
or below
the breadline.
It'sa a very
poor country
country —– over
over 60%
60% of
ofthe
population live
live on
on or
below the
breadline. [having the level
of income of
an extremely poor person]
ofan
persons
When your
your income
to make
ends meet.
to buy all you
you need]
When
income is
is low,
low, it
it is
is hard
hard to
make ends
meet. [have enough money tobuyall
Many
the poverty-stricken
to go
go to
to the
the city.
Many people
people left
left the
poverty-stricken countryside
countryside to
city. [affected by
by poverty]
poverty]
The charity’s
to improve
the world.
world. [poor, without
The
charity's main
main aim
aim is
is to
improve healthcare
healthcare in
in impoverished
impoverished areas
areas of
of the
much money tolive
to live on]
on]
Everywhere
the city
you see
destitute people
or under
Everywhere in
in the
city you
see destitute
people living
living in
in shop
shop doorways
doorways or
under bridges.
bridges. [without
money, food, home or
possessions; noun = destitution
orpossessions;
destitution]]
When we
we were
were first
first married,
we were
were living
from hand
to mouth, so
to be
to spend
When
married, we
living from
hand tomouth,
so it’s
it's nice
nice to
be able
able to
spendaa
bit
more now.
to live without suffering]
bitmore
now. [having just enough money tolive
suffering]
Ever
job, money
been tight.
tight. [there has
Ever since
sinceII lost
lost my
my job,
money has
hasbeen
has not
not been much money]
We’ll have
to tighten our
our belts
that Mum
job. [spend less than before]
We'll
have totighten
belts now
now that
Mum has
has lost
lost her
her job.
before]
Many
the people in
this area
the lowest
Many of
ofthepeople
in this
area are
are in
in the
lowest income
income bracket.
bracket. [range of income with upper and
and
lower levels]
Common mistakes
We say
the riches and
the poors).
We
say the
the rich and
and the
the poor, meaning rich people and
and poor people (NOT the-riches
and tire-paars).
86
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
40.1
40.1
asthefirst
Complete the second sentence so that it means thesame
the same as
the first one.
11 The
ofdeprived
The number of
deprived children is increasing.
The
ofchildren
The number of
children facing .. ...... .. ............. is increasing.
22 There is much less illiteracy in the
be.
the world than there used to be.
There are
arefar
be.
far fewer ........................... people in the
the world than there used to be.
33 Our family enjoyed relative affluence at that time.
Our family enjoyed
enjoyedaa relatively ........................... lifestyle at
at that time.
Our
44 It is wrong todeny
to deny people their basic human freedoms.
of people’s
people's basic human freedoms is wrong.
of
55 There are
are more destitute people in the
the city than before.
The
of ........................... in the
The problem of
the city is increasing.
66 Poverty could be said to violate human dignity.
beaa ........................... of
of human dignity.
Poverty could be said to be
40.2
40.2
inthebox
ofthe
Choose one ofthewords
of the words in
the box tocomplete
to complete each of
the sentences below.
absolute
impoverished
impoverished
line
relative
fundamental
shelter
super
11 Some people in
ina a middle income bracket claim that they are
are living in ........................... poverty simply
because they have fewer material possessions than their neighbours.
22 Millions of people still live below the
the poverty
.
33 Food and ........................... are
are two
of the
two of
the most important human needs.
44 There is
isa a ........................... difference between not
not having
havingaa lot of
of money and
and being destitute.
destitute.
5 5 It is not
not very meaningful to talk in terms of
of ........................... poverty when youcompare
you compare people who
who
live in very different contexts.
66 His family were once quite affluent, but
but in the
the last few
few years they have become increasingly
.
77 The
oftheworld's
The ............. ............. -rich control much of
the world's wealth.
40.3
40.3
Complete the sentences.
11 An
offamilies
are living on
on the
families are
the bread
An increasingly large number of
.
22 Most of
ofthe
are in
ina a higher income ...... ..................... .
the people who
who live in this street are
3 3 It all depends on your social ........................... whether you feel poor or
or not
not because you
don't
you don’t
own aa car.
own
4 4 It can
be hard forstudents
can be
for students to make ........................... meet.
55 If we
our ..........................., , wewe should be able to manage all right.
we all tighten our
6 6 I I was
was surprised how
how povertypoverty-........................... the
the villages looked given the richness of the
the
surrounding farmland.
40.4
40.4
Choose the best word tocomplete
to complete each ofthese
of these sentences.
who sleeps in
for money canbest
can best be
11 AA person who
ina a cardboard box on
on the street and
and begs formoney
be described
as impoverishedl/ destitute.
we were very much living from hand tomouth
to mouthf/ foot.
2 2 Without my
my husband’s
husband's income, we
3 3 When we were children, money was always smalll/ tight.
can be
deprivedl/ destitute in terms of
4 4 Even children with rich parents can
be Ieprived
of love and
and affection.
An increasing number of
people live below thepenury
the penuryf/ poverty line.
5 5 An
ofpeople
The table shows theproportion
the proportion of people in each income sectionf
section / bracket.
6 6 The
the children here are classedf/ grouped as
77 Many of
ofthechildren
as living in poverty.
The country has great extremes of
of poverty and
influence / affluence.
88 The
and influence/
affluence.
malnourishment.
9 9 Children who
who don’t
don't get enough food will suffer ill health as
asaa result of nutrition
nutrition/ / mo/nourishment.
10 Inadequate sanitationf
sanitation / deprivation can
can have serious health consequences.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
87
41
British politics
A
Influencing political decisions
1
y y y
www.parliament.uk
UK can
can have their say
Ordinary citizens in the
the UK
say in
ina a number of
ofways.
political life in
ways. They can:
• • Lobby
Lobby‘1 MPs
MPs and Members of
oftheHouse
ofLords
the House of
Lords
areknown
aspeers)
(who are
known as
peers) aboutaa particular issue.
• • Petition2 the House ofCommons
MPs about
of Commons totell
to tell MPs
views on
on an
an issue and
and request action.
• • Comment on
onlegislation
legislation33 going through
stages4 ofaa
Parliament during the committee stage
Bill’5 in the
ofCommons.
Public Bill
the House of
Commons.
•• Submit evidence toaa Select Committee
Committees6 inquiry
7
scrutinising’
scrutinising the
the work and policies of the
the
government.
B
,
”'’-
tryto
try to influence the
the opinions of
MPs and
and Lords
MPs
22
formal process involving
sendingaa written appeal to
sending
an MP, followinga
an
following a set format,
which is then presented to the
bytheMP
Commons by
the MP
33
possible future laws
44 period aft
after
era a proposed law has
discussed by Parliament
been discussed
when it is looked at in detail by
by
a a group of
ofpeople
people
5
proposal for
foraa law currently
under discussion
66
and
committee that checks and
on some aspect of
reports on
government work
7
looking very closely at
"
and petitioning
Lobbying and
1
oflobbying
varyand
and can
canrange
fromsending
and making
to providing
Methods of
lobbying vary
and
can
rangefrom
sendingletters,
lettersmaking
and
presentations
lobbying
presentations,
providing
briefing1briefing
material
22
2
to Members
the result
for
MP or
ora certain
material
and organising
rallies
Oftenlobbyists
seeking
for the
the
MP
peer toway
to Members
and organised
rallies . Often
the ..Often
result
arelobbyists
seeking are
for the
MP orisLord
to vote
33
3
votea
way However,
onaa specific
this decision
decision
beLord’s
to44 judgement
the MP
MP or peer’s
peer's
vote
a certain
way
on
issue. However,
will ultimately
be
downown
on a specifi
c issue.
this decision
will ultimately
be down
to4 the MP or
and the
ownuence
judgement
that
own
the
influence
any)will
existing
party policy will have on them.
infl
(if any) and
that theinfluence
existing
party (if
policy
have
on them.
11
informational
22
large political meetings or demonstrations
33
end
in the
the end
4 4 the
the responsibility of
The
can petition the
ofCommons
oftheir
on an
an issue and
and to request
The public can
the House of
Commons tomake
to make MPs aware of
their opinion on
out*1 and
and has the signature and
and address of
of at
at least
action. All that's
that’s needed is that the petition is properly set out
one person.
person.AA petition can
can also be
be created and
and submitted online, as
as an
an e-petition. The
one
The text of the
the petition is
Hansard*.2. There is
isa a procedure forpetitions
but it is very rarely used. Generally,
published in Hansard
for petitions in the
the Lords, but
4
MPs will present
present*3 all petitions they receive from their constituents
constituents^.
MPs present petitions by
by either giving
givingaa
MPs
. MPs
oftheHouse
ofCommons
orbysimply
short statement in the
the debating chamber of
the House of
Commons or
by simply placing the petition in the
the
Bag (which hangs behind the Speaker’s
Speaker's 5 Chair). Ifa a petition gets 100,000 signatures, the
Petition Bag
the government
will respond and
and it will be
be considered fordebate.A
for debate. A copy ofthe
of the petition is sent to the appropriate government
department. Government departments are
areexpected
offer
observations^6 on
department.
expected to off
er observations
on all substantive’
substantive7 petitions.
11
in the
official
the correct format 22 the off
icial record of parliamentary business 33 make something known
people who
voted
for
them,
people
in their constituency [political region] 5 MP
MP with responsibility for
who
77
6
controlling the
way
parliamentary
business
is
done
comments
ofsignificance
the way
of significance
44
C
Select Committees
for each government department, examining three aspects: spending,
There is
isa a Commons Select Committee foreach
policies1 and
and administration. Some Select Committees have
haveaa role that crosses departmental boundaries22,,
33
such as the Environmental Audit Committee. Other Commons Committees are
involved in
ongoing
areinvolved
ina a range of
ofongoing
investigations, such as allegations44 about theconduct’
the conduct5 of
individual MPs. Lords Select Committees do not
ofindividual
not
6
shadow
the work of
government departments. Their investigations look into specialist subjects, taking advantage
shadow‘the
ofgovernment
of
the wide-ranging77 expertise
time (compared to MPs) available to them
ofthewide-ranging
expertise’8 of the Lords and
and the greater amount of
oftime
to examine issues. Committees in the
the House of
Lords concentrate on
on six main areas: international
the
toexamine
ofLords
international relations, the
European Union, science and
and technology, economic aff
affairs,
UK constitution9..
airs, communications and the
the UK
11
official
environmental consequences
official plans of action 22 deals with different
different departments 3 closely examines environmental
of
government decisions 44 complaints that have not been proven 5 behaviour 66 follow closely to see
ofgovernment
see how
how aa
job
orskill
set of
of laws ofaa country
job is done 77 covering many subjects, diverse 8 high level of knowledge or
skill 9 9 full set
88
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
41.1
41.1
Arethese
Are these statements about the texts true or false? Explain why.
11 AA lobbied MP
MP has
has to do
do what his or
or her
her constituents request.
22 MPs
MPs make
makeaa statement in the
the Commons about all the
the petitions they receive.
3 3 You
can read Hansard to find out
out what has
hasbeen
You can
been happening in Parliament.
44 Government departments should comment on all the
the petitions they receive.
5 5 The
shadowsaa specific department.
The Environmental Audit Select Committee shadows
66 Select Committees do not
not look at how
how individual MPs
MPs behave —– that is up
up to
law courts.
to the
the law
77 Lords are felt to
to have more time to give to committees than MPs.
88 Lords Select Committees focus on
on the same key
keyareas
ofthe
areas as those of
the Commons.
41.2
41.2
areinbold
on the
Match up the words to
to make collocations. Note that not all the
the nouns are
in bold on
opposite page.
11 debating
Q
22 select
33 committee
4 4 government Q
41.3
41.3
55 wide-ranging
66 Speaker’s
Speaker's
Q
77 party
Q
88 briefing
Q
aa chair
bb department
cc material
d d chamber
ee stage
ff policy
gg expertise
hh committee
Now
of the expressions from 41.2 to complete each sentence.
Now choose one ofthe
11 MPs
MPs discuss proposed legislation
legislation in the
of the
ofCommons.
the ................................................ of
the House of
Commons.
22 Before Question Time in Parliament, Ministers have to read
readaa lot of
of ................................................
provided by their advisers.
33 She
She was
ofLords
of her
her
was elected to the
the House of
Lords because of
.
44 Many journalists gave evidence toaa ................................................ investigating the
of
the behaviour of
the press.
5 5 I I am
am not
not quite sure what.
on renewable energy.
what ... . ... . . ... . ... . is on
66 The
has had
had two
ofCommons
andis
now going through the
The bill has
two readings in the
the House of
Commons and
is now
of procedures.
of
77 The
The.. . .. . . ... . .. . . is situated between thetwo
the two sets of benches in the
the Commons sothat
so that
its occupant can more easily control the
the debates.
88 The
UK is the
The Treasury in the
the UK
the ................................................ which deals with the country's
country’s finances.
4L4
41.4
Complete these sentences with words from theopposite
the opposite page.
11 The
of individual MPs
MPs may
may be
be investigated
investigated if it is thought they have not behaved
The ........................... of
honestly.
22 There have been
beenaa number of
of........................... claiming that the Speaker is not
not doing his or
or
her job
her
job properly.
33 On
On this particular issues, it is ........................... toto the
MP how
how he
he or she
she votes.
the individual MP
4 4 It is the
of
the role of the
the Health Select Committee to
to ........................... the
the work done in the
the Department of
and to deal with any
any relevant issues arising from that.
Health and
5 5 A A petition to Parliament has to be ........................... out
out in accordance with strict rules.
6 6 The
ofthis
The work of
this committee is complex because it ........................... departmental boundaries.
77 There is
isa a lot of
of ........................... in the
ofLords
ofthe
the House of
Lords because of
the very different professional
backgrounds among its members.
88 This committee ........................... the
bytheDepartment
ofTransport.
the decisions made by
the Department of
Transport.
415
41.5
Over to you
Answer these questions about politics in your own
own country.
•• How
How easy is it for ordinary citizens to
to lobby MPs?
•• How
How easy is it for ordinary citizens to
to petition MPs?
•• Does the
the legislative process haveaa committee stage?
•• Do
Do ordinary citizens play any
any part in committee decisions in relation to government?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
89
42
International politics
A
United Nations
The UN is an international organisation
constituted1 in 1945 to make the world a better
place for humanity2. From its foundation3, it has
pursued4 these key aims:
• To keep peace throughout the world.
• To establish5 friendly relations between
countries.
• To work together to improve people’s lives by
conquering6 poverty, disease, illiteracy7 and
environmental destruction, and to encourage
respect for each other’s rights and freedoms.
• To be a centre for supporting nations in
achieving
these goals.
achieving these
goals.
UN stresses the
of negotiation
negotiation88 when there are disagreements
In other words, the UN
the importance of
9
10
and upholds
upholds10
the rights of minorities
minorities111! but it will
between countries. It is opposed toinjustice’
to injustice and
2
13
12
intervention* if its Security Council agrees that this is justified
..
only support military intervention
justified13
11
formed (used about an off
official
organisation) 22 all people 33 time when it was
[founded]
icial organisation)
was established [founded]
tryto
[pursue with this meaning collocates with words like aim, goal, career, strategyj
up,
try to achieve (pursue
strategy) 5 5 set up,
8
put in place 66 beating, getting rid of
of 7 7 inability to
an attempt to reach
put
to read or write
discussions in an
an agreement 99 unfairness ‘100 supports 11 groups of
ofpeople
differ
or in some other way
an
people who
who diff
er racially or
way
from most ofthepeople
of the people in the
the place where they live (minority collocates with adjectives like ethnic, religious,
2
ina a diff
difficult
situation in order to improve it 113
’ caused by
byaa good reason
oppressed) 112
involvement in
icult situation
44
B
Political movements
AA political movement
movement is
isa a group of
ofpeople
people with the same beliefs who
who work together in the
the attempt to
often
useof
people's attention
achieve something. They oft
en make use
ofaa slogan,a
slogan, a short phrase that catches people’s
and is easy to remember. The aim of
ofaa political movement might be the liberation
liberation of
ofaa minority,
and
integration of one
one particular social group into the
or feels
perhaps, or the integration
the society from which it is, or
be, excluded. Members of
onaa march,
march,aa walk where
itself to
to be,
ofaa political movement sometimes go on
they can demonstrate their solidarity
and aims.
solidarity with others sharing the same attitudes and
C
International conferences
NEWS
AA major international conference is currently meeting inRio.
in Rio. Delegates
Delegates1
from 60 different countries are attending. Their aim
aim is to
to determine
ways in
in which each country can minimise the
the energy requirements of
its infrastructure
to slowing the rate of global warming.
infrastructure2,, witha
with a view to
The
The governments of each country recognise3
recognise3 the importance of these
and have undertaken
any programme of
of
discussions and
undertaken44 to
to support any
measures agreed on
on by
by the conference. Although some of
of theissues
the issues
under discussion are undeniably’
undeniably5 delicate
delicate6,, the conference has so far
far
77
atsuch
shown more unity
unity than is customary
customary8 at
such gatherings.
11
66
90
90
and services such as transport
representatives 22 basic systems and
one
needing to be handled with great skill 7 7 being together as one
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
33
8
accept
usual
44 promise
5
certainly
Exercises
42.1
42.1
Chooseaa word from the
Choose
the box to
to complete each sentence.
pursue
humanity
justify
conquer
negotiations
injustice
establish
establish
minorities
11 The
organisation's aim
aim is to
The organisation’s
to ........................... illiteracy throughout the continent.
22 There is still too
too much ........................... in the
the world today.
33 The
are sometimes neglected by national governments.
The rights of ethnic ........................... are
44 The
The government wants to
to ...........................a a committee towork
to work on reducing poverty.
5 5 It is hoped that the current ...... .. ...... .. ...... will lead toa
to a positive outcome.
66 The
of ........................... is that nations should get
get better at respecting each other.
The best hope forall
for all of
77 It is impossible to ........................... the
use ofof force in such
suchaa situation.
the use
8 8 Lesley is determined to ........................... her
her goal of becoming
becomingaa barrister.
42.2
42.2
aretwo
Complete the word formation table. There are
two nouns forfive
for five of the
the verbs.
verb
noun
constitute
foundation
undertake
negotiation
justify
conquest
liberation
unity
delegate
recognise
42.3
42.3
Choose the correct word tocomplete
to complete each sentence.
11 Are you
go on
on the protest ........................... tomorrow?
you planning to go
AA slogan
BB march
CC unity
DD movement
22 It’s
It's quite
quiteaa ........................... subject, so
so take care how
how you
up.
you bring it up.
A A customary
BB deniable
CC delicate
DD justified
justified
3 3 The
country's economy can
canonly
has a a good
The country’s
only develop once it has
.
AA humanity
BB liberation
liberation
C C solidarity
D D infrastructure
4 4 The
not toto reduce spending on
on international aid.
The party ........................... not
A A integrated
BB undertook
CC conquered
DD recognised
recognised
55 It is now
now nearly 100
100 years since the
organisation.
the organisation.
the ........................... ofof the
A A foundation
BB negotiation
negotiation
CC infrastructure
DD movement
66 Chris is going to the conference as our ........ ......... ......... .
A A humanity
BB solidarity
C C slogan
DD delegate
42.4
42.4
inbrackets.
Complete each sentence witha
with a word from thesame
the same root as the word in
brackets.
11 It is ........................... true that the project is likely to
opposition. ((DENY)
to meet with some opposition.
deny)
2 2 Is it ........................... in your country to takea
take a gift if you
you visit someone's
someone’s house? ((cUSTOM)
custom)
3 3 It is wrong that there is still so
so much ........................... in the
the world. ((JUST)
just)
4 4 The
by organisinga
The workers expressed their ........................... by
organising a huge demonstration. ((sOLiD)
solid)
5 5 Left-wing political ........................... were particularly powerful in the
the early 20th century. ((LOVE)
move)
6 6 On
On the
the whole this society is very well ............................ . ((iNTEGRATE)
integrate)
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
91
91
4Š
43
The
law
The letter of the
the law
A
Legal verbs
the law/rules: to break the law/rules in
way that is considered not to be
to bend thelaw/rules:
ina a way
be very harmful
contravene a law: to break
to contravenea
breakaa law (noun = contravention)
to infringe
infringeaa law/rule: to breakaa law/rule (noun = infringement)
infringement)
that a person in public office
to impeach
impeachaa president/governor: to make
makeaa formal statement saying thata
has committed
committedaa serious offence (noun = impeachment)
impeachment)
has
that a previous judgement should be changed
to lodge an
an appeal: to make an official request thata
say thata
that a previous decision in court was
was correct/incorrect
to uphold/overturn
uphold/overturnaa verdict: to say
to pervert the course ofjustice:
of justice: to make it difficult for
for justice to be
to
be
perversion)
done (noun = perversion)
to quasha
changeaa previous official decision that
quash a conviction:
conviction: to change
someone was guilty
to
establishaa decision which must usually, in
to seta
set a precedent: to establish
be taken into account in future decisions
English law, be
to award/grant custody to: to
one parent or adult the main
to give one
responsibility foraa child, especially after separation or divorce
to annul a(n) agreement/marriage/law: to declare that it no
no longer
and never existed (noun = annulment)
exists and
to sue someone: totake
to take legal action against someone
toallege:
say that someone has
hasdone
‹‘
to allege: /a'Ied$/to
/əˈledʒ/ to say
done something illegal
without giving proof (noun = allegation)
to amend
amendaa law: to make changes toaa law (noun = amendment)
B
C
Crimes
crime
meaning
verb
criminal
discrimination
on grounds of
ofsex,
unfair treatment on
sex, race or
nationality
discriminate
(against)
embezzlement
stealing money that belongs to an
organisation that you
organisation
you work for
for
embezzle
harassment
on someone, e.g.
putting undue pressure on
forsexual
for sexual reasons or to getaa debt repaid
harass
insider trading/
dealing
and selling of shares by
illegal buying and
who has
hasspecialist
someone who
specialist knowledge of
of
aa company
do/practise
insider trading/
dealing
insider trader/
dealer
money laundering
so that its
moving money obtained illegally so
origin cannot be traced
launder money
money
launderer
perjury
lying when under oath
commit perjury
perjurer
stalking
following someone or
orgiving
giving them
unwanted or
orobsessive
obsessive attention
stalk
stalker
trespass/
trespassing
go onto someone else’s
else's land without
go
permission
trespass
trespasser
embezzler
Words and expressions with low
law
who always obeys the law.
AA law-abiding person is someone who
who —
– often and
obey thelaw.
the law.
A A law-breaker is someone who
and deliberately –— does not
notobey
If you
you take the law
own hands, you
you do
to punish someone because you
you
law into your own
do something illegal to
the legal system will not
feel the
not punish that person.
If you
you lay
the law, you
you say with great force what you think should happen.
lay down thelaw,
If someone is
way which is independent and
isa a law
law unto himself/herself, he
he or she
she behaves in
ina a way
and not
way in which most other people behave.
the way
92
92
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
43.1
43.1
Put the verb in
inthe
Choose the correct verbs fromAA to
to fill the
the gaps. Put
the correct form.
11 The
on the province was
The governor on
was ........................... for
for wrongful use of state money.
22 The prisoner decided to ........................... an
an appeal against the court’s
court's decision.
33 The
and the prisoner was
The appeal court ........................... the
the verdict of the
the lower court and
was released.
4 4 In English law,
law,aa previous legal decision usually ...........................a a precedent forfuture
for future decisions.
5 5 Judges often ........................... custody to the mother rather than the father.
6 6 I’m
I'm not
not asking you
you to break the rules, just to ........................... thema
them a little.
7 7 You
my legal rights by
by not
not allowing me
me to vote.
You .... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. my
88 Witnesses charged with perjury are accused of
of ........................... the
the course ofjustice.
of justice.
9 9 The
man had
had never properly divorced his first wife.
The marriage was
was ........................... because the man
10 The
and the
man was
10
The Supreme Court ........................... the
the murder conviction and
the man
was freed.
43.2
43.2
Which of
ofthecrimes
inBB might each of
ofthese
the crimes in
these people be charged with?
11 AA camper who
spentaa night ona
who spent
on a farmer's
farmer’s land without asking permission.
22 AA businessman who
ofthe
own
who diverted funds from the account of
the company he worked forinto
for into his own
personal account.
33 An
gaveaa job toaa man
man although he was
An employer who
who gave
was less suitable for the
the post thana
than a
woman applicant.
4 4 A A witness who
who gave false evidence in court.
55 A A person who
aboutaa colleague’s
colleague's personal appearance.
appearance.
who kept making inappropriate comments about
66 AA board member who took advantage of
ofwhat
business's plans to make
makeaa
what they knew about the
the business’s
on the
profit on
the stock market.
77 AA person who
orcalls
day and
and buys them gifts even though they are
who follows someone or
calls them every day
ina a relationship.
relationship.
not in
43.3
43.3
Choose
of these verbs to complete each sentence.
Chooseaa noun from each ofthese
impeach
allege
contravene
annul
harass
infringe
pervert
amend
of..
on citizenship.
tothe
the current laws on
1 Parliament is currently discussing a number of
22 AAmy ao
ertoc
in”the”work
a
tookkher
hereemployer
to court foa
for
in
the workplace.
3 3 Some people consider ...........................”of
others'”rights
as being as serious
seriousaa crime as theft.
of others’
rights as
4 4 By
By taking on
on work for
was in ........................... of
of the
of his contract.
foraa competitor Nathan was
the terms of
E' trial was
I criticised
i
St CE'
5 The
by many as a
of justice.
66 Th
s e that
th r Leahtobk
n y”is"a
seriou,”u '
To suggest
Leah took thn
the money
is a very serious
.
77 The
may”agree”to
of their
The circumstances are such thatI
that I think the judge may
agree to a(n) ........................... of
marriage.
88 The
of a a president has
has only taken place
placeaa couple of
oftimes
US history.
The ........................... of
times in US
43.4
43.4
Choose an expression fromC
from C to
to complete each sentence.
You should let the
the police deal with the situation –— it’s
too risky to.
to .. .. .. .. .. ... ... . .
11 You
it's far too
got in witha
with a gang of
habitual ............................ .
2 2 Sam
Sam started getting into trouble when he
hegotin
ofhabitual
You shouldn’t
3 3 You
shouldn't start ........................... on
on your first day
day in
ina a new
new job.
to conform –— he’s
.
4 4 Masha will never be able to get Vadim toconform
he's
too ........................... toto agree to bring extra cigarettes into the
the country.
5 5 Isabelle is far too
43.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
atthewebsite
UK. Note
Look at
the website www.britishlaw.org.uk to find out
out more about the law in the
the UK.
down at least ten more useful legal words and expressions.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
93
93
44
44
War and
War
and peace
A
War
and violence
War and
War
last resort
resort!1 when relations between states break down totally and
and diplomacy
diplomacy22
War is often seen asaa last
33
and such measures as economic sanctions
sanctions have failed. The
The decision to take military action is
out with the benefit of
rarely made lightly, since even the best-planned military operations, carried out
the
casualties5.. Military intervention
intervention66 may
may
the latest hi-tech weaponry
weaponry44,, inevitably result in civilian
civilian casualties
77
out with the goal of regime
regime change
change ,, but it is often the
be carried out
the leaders of tyrannical
tyrannical88 regimes
who
overthrow99.. Even more tragic than wars between states is civil
civil war*
who are the most difficult to
to overthrow
war100,,
112
2
13
4
11
13
14
which often begins with civil unrest
unrest!! and
and clashes
clashes between rival
rival ethnic
ethnic! religious or political
and may
may escalate*
all-out!166 war
and end
end in the
brutal suppression
suppression!177 of
of one
one group by
groups, and
escalate155 into all-out
war and
the brutal
19
20
and massacres
massacres*.
Conflict resolution
resolution20
may take
another or, in extreme cases, ethnic
ethnic cleansing!
cleansing188 and
. Conflict
may
221
1
222
2
years to bring into effect, and
and mistrust
mistrust and
and hatred
hatred between groups within the same country may
may
formany
continue for
many years.
11
something you
do when everything else has
has failed 2 2 activities concerning the relationships between
you do
33
againstaa country to make it obey
governments
official orders, such as the stopping of trade, taken against
law 44 weapons in general
general/ / of different types 55 people injured or killed who
are not
not members
international law
who are
ofthemilitary
ina a difficult situation to improve it or
or stop it
of
the military or the
the police 66 intentionally becoming involved in
from getting worse 77 changing the government or
or leader ofaa country, especially by
by force 8 using power in
a a cruel way
ina a country or group 99 remove somebody from power using force ‘100 warbetween
way over people in
war between
11
disagreement or fighting between groups ‘122 fights or
or arguments
groups who
who live in the
the same country
113
14
’ who compete against one
*4 national or racial *155 become greater or more serious ‘166 complete
one another
7
17
18
and total ‘ violent and
and cruel ending ofthe
or freedom to
*’ organised attempt by one
one
and
of the right or
to do something
or political group to completely remove froma
racial or
from a country or area anyone who
who belongs to another particular
of large numbers of
ofpeople
end
racial group, using violence to achieve this *199 thekilling
the killing of
people 20 findinga
finding a way
way to end
221
2
and the
‘ lack or absence of
oftrust
feeling of intense dislike
conflict and
the negative feelings between groups
trust 222
B
Other words and expressions relating to war
war and
and peace
waged war
on their neighbours in the
[foughtaa war
againstj
Powerful West African rulers waged
war on
the 19th century. [fought
war against]
Hostilities finally ceased after five years of bloodshed. [acts of wan
Hostilities
war]
The
besieged the city. [attacked by
by surrounding it fora a period of time (noun = siege)]
The invading army besieged
siege)]
The
ambushed onaa remote highway. [attacked
[attacked unexpectedly from secret positions
The patrol was
was ambushed
ambush)])]
(noun = ambush
The two
duringaa war
two armies signeda
signed a truce
truce in 2016. [agreement during
war to stop fighting fora a time]
A A ceasefire
ceasefire was
was declared in 2015. [agreement between two armies or groups to stop fighting]
fighting]
A A peacekeeping
peacekeeping force
ina a
force entered the country in 2016. [neutral soldiers who
who keep the peace in
divided society]
International observers
International
observers monitored the ceasefire. [outside, neutral people or body]
The
rebellion lasted ten
The rebels foughta
fought a long campaign
campaign against the
the dictatorship. The
The rebellion
ten years before
the dictator was
activities] [people fighting against their government]
government]
was defeated. [planned group ofmilitary
of military activities]
AA suicide
bomber killed 25
ataa military base yesterday. [person who
suicide bomber
25 people at
who lets off explosives,
deliberately killing themselves in the
the process]
C
ofwarfare
Metaphors of
warfare
The
government is
is waging
on drink-driving.
drink-driving.
The government
waging war
war on
Paparazzi are
are besieging
besieging the
star's Hollywood
Hollywood home.
home.
Paparazzi
the star’s
AA major
major advertising
advertising campaign
campaign was
planned to
launch the
new cosmetics
cosmetics range.
range.
was planned
to launch
the new
Several companies
companies are
arebattling
market supremacy
supremacy in
in sales
sales of
of smartphones.
smartphones.
Several
battling to
to win
win market
We
haveaa major
major fight
on our
hands if
if we
are to
save the
company from
bankruptcy.
We have
fight on
our hands
we are
to save
the company
from bankruptcy.
AA fleet
of bullet-proof
bullet-proof cars
President's limousine.
limousine. [a fleet normally consists ofaa large
fleet of
cars followed
followed the
the President’s
ofships]
number of
ships]
94
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
44.1
44.1
Fill the
the gaps with words fromAA opposite.
11 When ........................... and
and economic ........................... had
had failed, the
the Cabinet voted to take
military action.
22 Occasional violence between thetwo
all-........................... civil
the two groups eventually ........................... into allwar.
33 The
ofcarrying
out ethnic ........................... by
by executing members
The government forces were accused of
carrying out
oftherival
of
the rival tribe.
4 4 During the war,a
ina a village near the border. Some 150
150women
and
war, a ........................... occurred in
women and
children were shot by enemy troops.
5 5 The
and forced to
The war
war brought about ........................... change. The
The former dictator was
was ........................... and
flee from the country.
66 The
and the
now been at
atpeace
The process of conflict ........................... was
was successful and
the country has now
peace for
for
ten years.
77 War
beaa last ........................... when all other avenues have been explored.
War should always be
88 There were many civilian ........................... as
as a a result of the
the bombing raid.
9 9 There were violent ........................... between police and
and demonstrators in the
the capital city.
10 The
movedaa large amount of
of........................... toto the
10
The armed forces moved
the battlefront, including tanks,
and missile launchers.
artillery and
44.2
44.2
an appropriate form of
ofthe
inbrackets.
Replace the underlined words using an
the word in
brackets.
11 The
one of
of the
ofconflict.
The irrational dislike of people ofother
hate)
of other ethnic groups is one
the root causes of
conflict. ((HATE)
2 2 The
ofthe
The involvement of
the United Nations in the
the situation helped to restore peace. ((iNTERVENE)
intervene)
3 3 The
negotiatedaa peace agreement. ((RIVAL)
The political groups that opposed one another finally negotiated
rival)
4 4 The
and violent dictator who
18 years. ((BRUTE)
The general was
wasaa cruel and
who ruled for 18
Brute)
5 5 There had
had been
beenaa longstanding feeling of not
not trusting each other between thetwo
the two tribes. ((TRUST)
trust)
6 6 The
Government began in 2010. ((REBEL)
The fight against the
the government
reBel)
44.3
44.3
Choose
the box to
to complete the sentences below, using an
Chooseaa word from the
an appropriate form.
ambush
observers
truce
suicide
wage
siege
peacekeeping
campaign
ceasefire
11 A A ........................... bomber disguised
disguised as
asaa police officer killed 15
15 people in an
an attack today.
• ... force tb
E' in the civil
i war apart.
l
2 The
to keep theE' two sides
h UN sent in a
No of
f lorries
lor es was
wdiers in
n an!he
te vvalley
ae yesterday.
3 A co
convoy
was
by
enemy soldiers
remote
yesterday.
keee
4 4 International ........................... monitored the election and
and concluded that it had
had been fair.
E'r
E
thhas
r on theddrug cartels
s for h
5 The government
war
the last ten years.
6 6 The
a months
nhhs befo
e
tro
pe were
eea pushed
pushed back.
back.
The’CI\/ ’I I af
of the”city”lasted
the city lasted six
before the
the eenemy
troops
77 After aa”year”of
year of fighting, the
the two
two sides agreed toaa ........................... toto enable peace negotiations to
[two possible answers)
start. (two
88 The
The army foughta
fought a long ........................... toto free the
the country from the enemy forces.
44.4
44.4
lefi with the endings on
Match the sentence beginnings on
on the left
on the right.
The President was
11 The
was besieged
22 Our
Our team is battling
33 He
He had
had aa fight on
on
The company planned
44 The
plannedaa major
The government set
out towage
to wage
5 5 The
setout
The band arrived in
6 6 The
ina a
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
to launch the new
aa advertising campaign to
new phone.
bb war
war on
on child poverty.
c c fleet of white limousines.
dd by reporters as she
she stepped out of
of her car.
to reach the semi-finals.
ee toreach
semi-finals.
to convince everyone he was
f f his hands to
was right.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
95
95
45
45
Economy and finance
on collocations (words that are often used together).
In this unit we
we focus particularly on
together).
A
International aid and
and development
attention to supporting real and
and sustainable
European countries have, in recent years, turned their attention
development‘
aremany
development1 in Africa. There are
many encouraging signs that such projects have taken root2.In
. In the
the five
years up
up to 2015,
2015,aa score of
ofAfrican
ofmore
peryear.
African countries achieved economic growth of
more than 4%
4% per
year. Foreign
now shows real signs of recovering froma
direct investment also rose. Africa's
Africa’s share in world trade now
from a long
decline. From Ghana in the
Ethiopia in the
and Mozambique in the
the west to Ethiopia
the east and
the south, Africa's
Africa’s economies
of almost any other region of the world.A
have consistently grown more rapidly than those of
world. A dozen countries’
But many millions of
economies have expanded by more than 6%
6%aa year overaa period of six or
or more years. But
and more determined efforts are needed totackle
people in Africa still live in deep poverty33 and
to tackle the
the problem.
The
and allocating44 funds and
and development grants5 to those
The European Union is committed tosupporting
to supporting and
African governments which are
arepursuing‘
and eradicate7 poverty and
and improve access
pursuing6 policies to reduce and
to healthcare, education and
and clean water supplies.
11
development which can continue overaa long time 22 started to be
be accepted 33 abject poverty
5
alsoaa collocation 44 giving to be
be used for
is also
foraa particular purpose
money tohelp
to help development
66
77
following policies is also
alsoaa collocation
collocation
completely get rid of
of something bad
B
Collocations related to the
the noun debt
Countries often find it impossible
to repay
repay debt;
debt; the debt
burden is
debt burden
too
Easing the
debt burden
burden
too great. Easing
the debt
orcancelling
debt helps debtor
or
cancelling debt
debtor
countries/nations free themselves
countries/nations
from the
ofincurring
the problem of
incurring more
debt//
and more debt.
debt. Alleviating
Alleviating debt
Debt relief
relief for poor countries should
Debt
beaa priority.
be
C
Trade and
and cooperation
repay
relief
alleviate
burden
DEBT
ease
cancel
incur
onecountry
Free trade agreements often cause disputes between countries, especially when one
country thinks the
practices*.1. Occasionally,
Occasionally, trade wars erupt, and
and sanctions22 or embargoes33
other is engaged in restrictive practices
areimposed
may not be
be lifted for long periods. On
On the
are
imposed on countries that may
the other hand, countries closely
and enjoying good relations have the possibility of entering into monetary union and
and
related economically and
havingaa single currency.
11
33
D
the
on whataa country may
may import/export
the placing of unfair restrictions, e.g. limiting imports 22 restrictions on
total prohibitions on
on importing/exporting certain goods
Economic difficulties
an economy is badly affected by
by war, we
may refer
If an
we may
Common mistakes
to
as a a war-torn
ina a bad
bad
to it as
war-torn economy. Economies in
as ailing
ailing economies.
state are often referred to as
The
The verb meaning to
to reduce the value of
Devaluation/Revaluation of
ofthe
may be
Devaluation/Revaluation
the currency may
aa currency is to
to devalue (NOT decal-uate).
devaluate).
necessary. [reduction/increase in value against other
currencies] Economies may
may go
go into
into recession
recession and
and
currencies]
outof/emerge
recession forseveral
may even suffer
sufferaa
not come
come out
of / emerge from
from recession
for several years. Indeed, countries may
double-dip!1 recession.
recession.A A country may
may suffer froma
slump in
inprices*
Lower taxes
may
from a slump
prices2 for its goods. Lower
taxes may
double-dip
boost the
economy33 when it is in recession.
be introduced to boost
the economy
11
33
96
96
recession which ends and then begins again aftera a short time
give the economyaa lift
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
22
serious fall/collapse in prices
Exercises
45.1
45.1
Trytoremember
inthese
Try to remember thecollocations
the collocations inA A opposite. Fill the
the gaps in
these sentences.
11 Development is important, but it should be ........................... development, not the kind that only
lastsa a short time.
lasts
22 The
The government is ...........................a a policy of giving aid only where it is used to ...........................
two answers for
forthefirst
one.}
poverty. (Give two
the first one.)
33 There have been some ........................... signs that development projects are ........................... root in
many countries.
4 4 Millions of people still live in ........................... poverty. (Give
[Give two
two answers.)
55 The
has ........................... from its decline and
and is now
now doing well.
The economy has
6 6 The
isa a constant one.
The struggle to ........................... economic growth in developing countries is
77 Governments often ........................... funds forspecific
for specific overseas development projects.
8 8 The
and education forthe
The goal should be to improve ........................... toto better healthcare and
for the poor.
45.2
45.2
Rewrite these sentences about debt using more appropriate language from the opposite
page to replace the
the underlined words.
11 Overaa period of five years, the
pay back.
the country got huge debts which it could not pay
22 Countries in debt are
arecompletely
ofwealthier
completely at the mercy of
wealthier nations.
33 The
ofdebt
arecollapsing.
The weight of
debt is so
so great in some countries that their economies are
collapsing.
4 4 Wealthier countries could do
doaa lot to
of poor countries less heavy, and
and indeed, in
to make thedebt
the debt of
two answers for
forthefirst
some cases, could forget the
the debt altogether. (Give two
the first one.)
55 Overaa period of three years, the
the country suffereda
suffered a two-staee
two-stage recession.
66 The
The following year, there was
wasaa severe collapse in the
the price of crude oil.
7 7 While some countries lowered the value of their currencies, one
one country alone increased the value
due to its strong economy.
of its currency due
88 Urgent measures were needed to
to improve the economy.
45.3
45.3
the questions using vocabulary from the
the opposite page.
Answer thequestions
11 What kind of war
can break out between countries concerning imports and
and exports?
war can
22 Which two verbs are used with sanctions and
and embargoes to
and (b) ‘removing’?
to mean (a) ‘placing’ and
33 What is the
or impossible between countries?
the name for
for activities which make free trade difficult or
44 What kind of agreement is it when two
ormore
shareaa single currency?
two or
more countries decide to share
55 What do we
ofmoney
money given to poor regions to assist their economic growth?
we call sums of
66 What can
canwe
an economy that is devastated by armed conflict?
we call an
7 7 What adjective beginning with the letter ‘a’ can
can be
be used to describe an
an economy in
ina a bad
bad state?
88 What noun can follow ‘debt’ to
createaa phrase meaning ‘removing debt’?
to create
45.4
45.4
Now use
usetheanswers
inbold.
Now
the answers from 45.3 to rewrite the
the words in
bold.
was agreed between thefive
the five countries in 2003.
11 Sharing the same currency was
The government introduced
of measures to
to rescue the economy, which was
was in
22 The
introducedaa package of
inaa
bad state.
The two
two Trade Ministers got
try to abolish activities that made trade difficult.
difficult.
33 The
got together to tryto
4 4 A A major dispute concerning exports and
and imports broke out between thetwo
the two countries in 1999.
55 The
aWected by the war, is slowly recovering now
now that
The economy, which has been seriously affected
peace has come.
66 The United Nations placed sanctions on
on the country in 1995 and
and did not remove them until 2008.
77 The
receivedaa large amount of
ofmoney
The region received
money tohelp
to help it grow economically from the
World Bank.
88 Removing debt has
has been crucial for some developing nations.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
97
97
46
Personal finance: making ends meet
A
Cash, cheques and cards
was broke/skint
the end
end of
very
II was
broke/skint at
at the
of last
last month.
month. [had no
no money left
left]] (broke
(broke == informal;
informal; skint
skint== very
informal)
I'm rolling
rolling in
in it
it this month;
month;II got
gotaa payment of
of£3,000
[haveaa lot of money;
I’m
£3,000 forsome
for some workI
work I did. [have
informa
informal]
It’s
icult to
to make
with three
three children
working. [to
It's sometimes
sometimes diff
difficult
make ends
ends meet
meet with
children and
and only
only one
one parent
parent working.
survive financially]
financially]
Things
areaa bit
bittight
[myfinances
Things are
tight at the
the moment. [my
finances are not good; informal]
was strapped
strapped forcash
for cash and
to borrow
from my
II was
and had
had to
borrow money
money from
my parents.
parents. [needed cash and
and had
had very
little; informal]
She
for what she
owed me
it bounced.
She gave
gave me
me aa cheque
cheque forwhat
sheowed
me but
butit
bounced. [the bank refused to pay
pay it]
Who shall
this cheque
to// payable
to? [What name shall
to == slightly
slightly
Who
shallII make
make this
cheque out
out to
payable to?
shallII put
put on
on it?] (payable
(payable to
more
formal)
more formal)
The easiest
way to
to pay
your household
direct debit
debit or
electronic transfer.
transfer. [a regular
The
easiest way
pay your
household bills
bills is
is by
by direct
or by
by electronic
ofmoney
accounts]
automatic payment, e.g. every month] [movement of
money online between two bank accounts]
Shall
we put/stick
this meal
on my
Then we
we can
forget it.
Shall we
put/stick this
meal on
my credit
credit card?
card? Then
can forget
it. (informal)
(informal)
Could
you charge
charge it
to my
Could you
it to
my credit
credit card,
card, please?
please? (formal)
(formal)
The APR
APR for
for this
this credit
which is
2% lower
than my
annual p
ercentage
The
credit card
card is
is 23%,
23%, which
is 2%
lower than
my other
other card.
card. [[annual
percentage
rrate
ate of interest]
My card expires
expires in
in 05/19. The
expiry date
date is 05/19. [is not
not valid aft
after]
My
The expiry
er]
Credit card
card fraud
use of
someone's card or account]
Credit
fraud has increased in recent years. [illegal use
of someone’s
A: Is thisa
oraa debit
card? [card where themoney
this a credit card or
debit card?
the money is taken directly from your bank account]
it'sa a store
byaa store/shop for that store]
B: Actually, it’s
store card.
card. [credit card issued by
went towithdraw
to withdraw some
get some money
butII forgot
forgot my
the ATIg
ATM swallowed
II went
some money
money// getsome
money out
outbut
my PIN
PIN and
and the
swallowed
my card aft
after
my account; get money out=
informal] [[personal
my
er three wrong attempts. [take money from my
out = informal]
personal
numbers
machine,
often
calleda a ‘cash machine’ or ‘cashpoint’]
‘cashpoint’]
iidentification
dentification n
umber] [[automated
automated teller
teller m
achine, oft
en just called
don't like
contactless cards
they think
think they
they are
vulnerable to
to
A A lot
lot of
of people
people don't
like using
using contactless
cards because
because they
are more
more vulnerable
fraud. They
They prefer
to use
their phones
to make
contactless payments.
fraud.
prefer to
use their
phones to
make contactless
payments.
B
Savings, pensions, etc.
Victims of last year’s rail
crash will receive lump
sum1 compensation
payments, following a High
Court decision today.
A golden handshake2 of ten million
pounds was paid to the boss of one
of Britain’s biggest companies today.
This was in addition to an annual
bonus of two million pounds.
The thieves stole Mr and
Mrs Bateson’s life savings6,
which they kept under their
bed in a metal box.
11
Johan Carslow left only a very
small sum to his family in his
will7. It was hardly enough to
cover8 the cost of his funeral.
People with well-managed
share portfolios3 have done
better on the stock market4
than individuals who buy
stocks and shares5 privately.
Ms Rafstedt had borrowed9
heavily to finance the building
of a new house and found
herself deeply in debt, which
led her to commit the robbery.
single, large payment 22 large payment tosomeone
of investments of
to someone on leavingaa job
job 33 combination of
44
different
organisation which controls the
diff
erent kinds
organisation
the buying or selling of parts of the
the ownership ofcompanies
of companies
5
buy as investments in the
ofmakinga
parts of the
the ownership ofcompanies
of companies which people buy
the hope of
making a profit
66
official
ofwhat
money saved over many years 77 off
icial statement of
whataa person has decided should be done with their
8
9
and property aft
after
money and
er their death
be enough money topayfor
to pay for it
borrow money, e.g. froma
from a bank
(used without an object)
98
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
46.1
46.1
Complete these sentences using words from theopposite
the opposite page.
11 This is
isa a credit card. If you
you want one that takes the
money directly from your bank account, then you
you need
aa
.
22 She never used her
hercard
on99 April, but
but someone did
did
card on
ofpounds'
ofgoods.
and bought hundreds of
pounds’ worth of
goods. It was
was
a a case of
of ........................................................ .
3 3 I I haven’t
haven't got enough cash to pay forthis
shallII
for this meal; shall
just ....................................................... on
on my
my card? (Give two
two
answers.)
44 I I pay
pay my
my rent by
by ....................................................... every
don't have to do
do anything.
month, soI
so I don’t
55 WhenI
ran out
out of
of money in Thailand, my
my parents made
When I ran
an ....................................................... from their bank account
an
to mine.
66 I’m
I'm sorry,
sorry,I I can’t
can't lend you
I'm absolutely
you anything at all. I’m
...................................................... . . (Give
tGive two
two answers.)
77 I I couldn’t
couldn't pay
pay for
asII wasa
for it last month as
was a bit ....................................................... for
for cash.
88 I I have to
how II spend my
my money because things are
areaa bit
to be very careful how
...................................................... right now.
99 You can now
now use your phone tomake
to make ....................................................... payments on the
the bus and
underground system in the
the city.
46.2
46.2
inthese
Correct the mistakes in
these sentences using vocabulary from the
the opposite page.
11 She
She gotaa huge golden hand when sheleft
she left the
the company.
22 My
My old
oldaunt
go to
see her
her she
she gives me
me £100.
aunt Jessie is rich in it. Every timeI
time I go
to see
33 My
My father got
gotaa bump sum when he
he retired, so
so he
he bought
boughtaa weekend cottage.
4 4 She
She put
put her
her living savings into an
an online company and lost everything when it collapsed.
55 The
me to put my
my money into
intoaa share folio, with stocks and
and shares in
The bank tried to
to persuade me
different companies.
66 If you
needaa very large sum
it's not
not a a good idea to lend from friends or neighbours.
you need
sum of money, it’s
46.3
46.3
and endings of the sentences.
Match the beginnings and
11 Students often find it difficult to
to make
2 2 She
She invested
investedaa lot of money on the
the
33 If you
you need cash, there'sa
there’s a
4 4 I I use
use 1-9-8-7 as my
my
55 She
She left
lefta a million euros
66 The
notenough
The money was not
enough
46.4
46.4
aa in her
her will.
bb PIN, as that's
that’s whenI
when I was
was born.
cc to cover the cost of the holiday.
dd ends meet.
ee cashpoint in the
the supermarket.
ff stock market and
and lost it all.
0Over
v e r tto
o you
• • Look in your wallet or purse. What different types of card do
do you
you have?
•• Give the date on
on which one ofyour
of your cards expires.
• • Approximately what is the
on your credit card?
the current APR
APR on
What can
you do toprevent
to prevent credit card fraud?
•• what
canyou
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
99
99
47
47
The media: in print
The
A
Typical sections found in
innewspapers
newspapers and magazines
One
thing I always read in the
the paper is the
the obituaries1 page; it’s
One thingI
it's so
so interesting to read about
other people’s
people's lives.
lives.I I also read the editorial22 (or leader); it helps me
me form my
my opinion on
on
the important news,
you just want
things. Although national papers cover3 all the
news,II find that if you
to sell your car
or something, the classified ads
classifieds) in
the
tosell
caror
ads°4 (or
(orclassifieds)
ina a local paper is the
5
best place.
the Sunday papers, especially the
the supplements’
supplements with articles on
on travel, food, fashion and
place.II love the
and
wasaa fascinating feature66 on
on new
new technology in one
one of
of them. My
My daughter prefers
so on. Last week there was
8
magazines, especially the
the agony columns
columns77..II just can’t
. It amazes me
can't imagine writing to an
an agony aunt
aunt’.
me
how
how people are
are prepared to discuss their intimate problems publicly, but
butII know this sort of article really
increasesaa publication’s
publication's circulation9..
increases
11
descriptions of the
the lives of people who
who have just died
an article giving the
editor's opinion
an
the newspaper editor’s
33
deal with (noun = coverage)
44
ofadvertisements
pages of
advertisements in different categories
5
separate magazines included with the newspaper
66
or set
set of articles devoted toaa particular topic
an article or
77
sections in
ina a paper or magazine that deal with readers’
readers' private emotional problems
8
person, typicallya
typically a woman, who
who answers letters in the
the agony column
9
ofcopies
byaa newspaper or
or magazine
number of
copies sold by
22
B
100
Some types of
of printed material
name
description/definition
example sentence
journal
aa magazine containing articles about
aboutaa particular
academic subject
John's doctoral research
Part of John’s
was
an international
was published in an
chemistry journal.
aa book where you write about what happened to
to
you each day
I I kept
keptaa journal while
whileI I was
was working
in Zambia.
newsletter
aa regular report with information for
for people
belonging toaa particular group
of producing
producingaa
Laura is in charge of
monthly newsletter forher
for her tennis club.
pamphlet
small book with
withaa soft cover, dealing witha
with a
specific topic, often political
The
publishedaa
The Conservative Party published
pamphlet on thefuture
the future of private
education.
press
release
official written statement with information for
for
the public
The
issueaa
The company is going to issue
press release about its takeover plans
later today.
leaflet
single sheet or folded sheets of paper giving
information about something
I I picked up
upaa leaflet about the
the museum
whenI I was
when
was in town.
brochure
small, thin book like
likea a magazine, which gives
ora a company, etc.
information, often about travel, or
Do you
Do
you have any brochures about
Caribbean holidays?
prospectus
small, thin book like
likea a magazine, which gives
information aboutaa school, college or university,
ora
or a company
chooseaa university,
university,
Before you
you choose
you
you should send away for
for some
prospectuses.
prospectuses.
flyer
single sheet giving information about some event,
special offer, etc., often given out in the
the street
I I was
givenaa flyer aboutaa new
new
was given
nightclub which is opening next month.
booklet
withaa soft cover, often giving
small thin book with
information about something
The tourist office has
hasa a free booklet of
of
local walks.
manual
ofdetailed
how to use
book of
detailed instructions about how
something
This computer manual is impossible to
understand!
understand!
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
47.1
47.1
Without looking atAA opposite, test your memory for
for words that mean:
11 thesmall
newspapers. ...... ...
the small advertisements in different categories found in newspapers
2 2 a a person you
ataa magazine to
you write to at
to discuss intimate emotional problems
33 the section of
ofaa newspaper which pays respect to people who
who have just died ...........................
4 4 an
an article in
ina a newspaper which gives the
editor's opinion .. ...... .. ... .. .. ...
the editor’s
5 5 a a separate magazine that comes free witha
with a newspaper ...........................
6 6 an
an article or
or set
set of articles devoted toaa special theme
77 thenumber
buyingaa magazine .. ...... .. ... .. .. ...
the number ofpeople
of people buying
8 8 thethe waywaya a newspaper deals witha
with a particular subject
47.2
47.2
inthese
Fill the
the gaps in
these sentences with appropriate words fromB
from B opposite.
11 I’ve
I've decided to do
do my
my own
own car
car maintenance, so I’ve
I've bought the ........................... for
my particular
for my
model.
22 Someone was giving out
out ........................... in the
aboutaa festival that's
the town centre today about
that’s going to
take place on
on Saturday.
33 I I love looking through holiday ........................... and
and dreaming about flying off to
to exotic places.
4 4 I I never read political ...........................; ; they're
they’re so
so boring.
55 I I wish I’d
I'd kept
keptaa ........................... whenI
when I first started teaching.
66 The
has issued
issuedaa ........................... announcing some changes in personnel.
The Central Bank has
77 I’ve
I've read the ........................... and
and II like that university;
university;I I think I’ll
I'll apply.
88 My
My son’s
son's school publishes
publishesaa termly ........................... for
on the
for parents, which reports on
the previous term
us about upcoming events.
and tells us
47.3
47.3
ofvocabulary
and those with
Sort this group of
vocabulary items into those connected with books and
magazines. Use
magazines.
Useaa dictionary if necessary.
spine
47.4
47.4
blurb
subscription
foreword
issue
index
edition
quarterly
oftheexpressions
in bold.
From thecontext,
the context, guess the most likely meaning of
the expressions in
There’s a new
the footballer Troy Sutton, but
was written by
11 There'sa
new autobiography of
ofthe
but it was
byaa ghost writer.
A A someone who
who didn’t
didn't have
BB someone who
who wrote it on
on his C C Sutton wrote it but
but he
he used
Sutton’s
behalf
Sutton's permission
permission
aa different name
any sports club’s
22 It makes sense to use desktop publishing for
forany
club's newsletter.
A A published
published by
byaa school or
BB published
published only on
on the
CC published
published usingaa home
college
internet
computer todesign
to design it
3 3 This book is
isa a facsimile of an
an original edition published in 1693.
A A an
an exact reproduction in
B Ba a modernised edition
CCaa copy made on
onaa fax
fax
or photocopier
every detail
machine or
47.5
47.5
aresome
in bold not on
how different
Here are
some expressions in
on the opposite page, which refer to how
types of
of printed material present their information. Match the sentences with the type
of
Useaa dictionary if necessary.
of printed material. Use
11 It lists entry requirements.
requirements.
Q
the industry.
22 It exposes serious problems in the
33 It draws attention to the fundamental issues. Q
you all you
you need to
to know about
4 4 It tells you
main sights.
5 5 It’s
It's packed with useful tips.
contains a lot of small print.
6 6 It containsa
aa aa political pamphlet on poverty
bbaa guarantee leaflet with
withaa new
new camera
cc aa university prospectus
ddaa newspaper article
e e a a tourist brochure
ff aa booklet about buying
buyingaa house
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
101
48
48
The media: internet and
The
and email
A
The
and cons of
use
The pros and
of internet use
Here
the internet.
Here are
are some
some possible
possible advantages
advantages (pros)
(pros) and
and disadvantages
disadvantages (cons)
(cons) of
of the
internet.
11
aa kind of email where both people are online at the same time
pros
22
conversation between
betweenaa group of
of people on
on topics
an online conversation
1
messaging*,, chat
email, instant messaging
any
chosen by them, where you can enter or leave the ‘room’ at any
2
2 newsgroups3
3 social
room
rooms , newsgroups ,
time
networking sites4,
sites4, webinars5
33
aa website where people with shared interests can
can get
get news and
e-commerce‘
e-commerce6 (e.g. internet banking,
information
information
44
travel booking), e-books, e-learning
websites that enable you
you to connect with other people, make
people's
new friends, exchange photographs, keep up with people’s
accessing vast amounts ofuseful
of useful
personal news, etc.
information, fun
ofjust
information,
fun of
just browsing77 and
55
online seminars
surfing the
the web’
web8
66
all kinds of business done on theinternet
the internet
images'9 and
and
ability to
to transfer graphic images
77
websites,
with no
no particular goal
looking
at
different
sound files
8
from
website
web
to another, usually
moving
one
or
web
page
as attachments
attachments110
^,,
ability to
to send files as
for
looking
something
11
usefulness of file-sharing11
99
technical term forpictures,
for pictures, icons, diagrams, etc.
10
gaming —– you can
canplay
play video games
*’ files you
you send with email messages
11
with anyone in the
the world
** the
onaa network
the practice of sharing computer data or space on
cons
12
ISP“
be high for heavy
ISP
charges can
can be
met may
may get
get
users, people you've
you’ve never met
your contact details, your account may
may
hacked‘133
be hacked
download
upload‘155 times can
download1144 and upload
don't feel the
as
be slow, e-books don’t
the same as
may miss
missaa ‘live’
real books, e-learners may
teacher
17
spam“
andjunk
mail"
spam16 and
junk mail
can be
annoying
addictive'188
can become addictive
cookies"
on the
cookies19 track your activities on
the
web
web
many sites contain offensive
21
material220,, parental control21
may
may be
necessary for children
B
*122 (pronounced
(pronounced I-S-P) Internet Service Provider:
Provider:aa company that
and services such as news,
offers users access to the internet and
email, shopping sites, etc., usually fora a monthly fee
fee
*133 someone may
may access it illegally
*144 bringing files to
to your computer from the internet
15
*^ sending files from your computer tothe
to the internet or to another
internet user
16
*‘ unwanted advertisements and
and other material sent to you
you by
email from companies
*177 another term for spam
18
*’something
outof
something you
you cannot stop doing, which has become out
of
your control
19
*’ pieces of software that are sent from the internet to your
and record what you do,which
computer, which can follow and
do, which
websites you
you visit, etc.
20
20
pornography, or extreme political views, or
material such as pornography,
and violence against people
material that encourages hate and
221
* ability of parents to control which websites their children
can visit
can
Email and
and internet
internet communications
communications
Email
I’ve
the CNN home
to get
the latest
I've bookmarked
bookmarked theCNN
home page,
page, as
asII use
use it
it regularly
regularly to
get the
latest news.
news. [put it in
ina a list of
of
immediately1
websites I can
websitesI
can access immediately]
IfIf you
you subscribe
to newsgroups,
you often
of messages.
subscribe to
newsgroups, you
often get
get hundreds
hundreds of
messages. [become
[becomeaa member of]
Some
you to
to screen
screen out
filter out
out unwanted
Some ISPs
lSPs allow
allow you
out// filter
unwanted mail.
mail. [prevent from reaching you]
Our
server at
was down
down yesterday,
yesterday, soI
so I didn’t
your message
till today.
today. [central computer that
Our server
at work
work was
didn't get
get your
message till
and other services toa
ofusers]
distributes email and
to a group of
users] [not working]
Do
you have
worth updating
frequently. [protection
Do you
have good
good anti-virus
anti-virus software?
software? It’s
It's worth
updating it
it frequently.
[protection against
computer viruses]
She
email address
the email
She must
must have
have changed
changed her
heremail
address —– the
emailII sent
sent her
her bounced.
bounced. [came back to me]
me]
She
social networking
sites. [adds them]
She often
often posts
posts ridiculous
ridiculous details
details about
about her
her life
life on
on social
networking sites.
See
See also
also Unit
Unit 56.
56.
102
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
48.1
48.1
inthebox
Match the words in
the box with the explanations.
attachment
cookie
spam
chat room
ISP
ISP
webinar
11 website where people with common interests can
can email each other online
22 aa sort of class held live on
on the
the web
web
3 3 company that gives you
and offers news pages, shopping, etc.
you access to the internet and
4 4 program sent to your computer from the internet, used to follow your activities
5 5 file sent at the same time as an email message
66 unwanted material (e.g. advertisements) sent to you
you viathe
via the internet
48.2
48.2
48.3
48.3
ofthese
of internet/computer
Some of
these pairs of opposites exist in the
the language of
do not. Tick the box
box for
or ‘doesn’t
‘doesn't exist’
Use aa search
communications, others do
for ‘exists’ or
exist’. Use
engine to find the
the answer on theweb
the web if you're
you’re not sure.
word
opposite
delete
undelete
download
upload
update
downdate
inbox
outbox
online
offline
install
uninstall
exists
doesn’t exist
Usethecorrect
Use
the correct words from thetable
the table above tofill
to fill the
the
inthese
ofthe
gaps in
these sentences. You
You are givena
given a paraphrase of
the
inbrackets.
meaning in
brackets.
11 I I sentaa photo of
of my
my house by email toaa friend in Canada,
and I I spent nearly five minutes
but it took ages to ........................... (transfer from here to there) and
go.
(connected to the internet) just waiting for
for it to
to go.
2 2 I’ve
I've had
had your message in my
my ........................... (a place where unread emails are stored) for two
two days,
haven't had
had time to read it yet.
but haven’t
3 3 I I had
had a a lot of
of trouble trying to ........................... (add to the programs already on
on my
my computer) that
new software
softwareI I bought.
new
44 How
How do
doI I ........................... (restore something accidentally erased) on
on this computer?
55 I I edit my
my pictures ........................... (while disconnected
disconnected from the internet) and
and then connect to
send them.
66 This is an
an old
(getaa new
new version) it online for
forfree.
old version of the
the software. You
You can
can ........................... (get
free.
48.4
48.4
In your own
own words, say what thewords
inbold
inthese
In
the words in
bold mean in
these sentences.
11 AA new
new law has given e-signatures the same legal status as handwritten ones.
22 E-learning will become more and more common as
asanalternative
learning.
an alternative to traditional learning.
3 3 We
on the internet.
internet.
We have e-enabled everything you
you need to
to study on
4 4 E-books are
areselling
selling faster than traditional books.
55 The
hasattracted
new businesses hoping to make
makeaa fortune.
The dotcom economy has
attracted hundreds of
of new
66 With this smartphone, you'll
needaa tablet oraa laptop!
you’ll never need
77 Parental controls provided by ISPs
lSPs are vital these days.
88 I I send about 40 texts per
per day. It’s
It's very addictive.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
103
49
Advertising
A
Promoting quality
Advertisers like language that suggests their product is of
of especially high quality.
Check
smartphone —
– you'll
you’ll love
features. [original and
Check out
out our
our latest
latest smartphone
love its
its innovative
innovative features.
and interesting]
interestingj
The
unsurpassed. [the best there is]
The design of our beds is unsurpassed.
Our dishwashers leave
leave other
dishwashersj
Our
other dishwashers standing.
standing. [are much better than other dishwashers]
up forexam
put/leave other courses in
in the
Sign up
for exam courses that put/leave
the shade.
shade. [make other courses
seem insignificant]
B
Promoting value formoney
for money
Advertisers like language that suggests things give you
formoney.
you good value for
money.
Rock-bottom prices in our
our sale! [extremely low]
Rock-bottom
Prices slashed!
slashed! [dramatically reduced]
Bargains galore!
ofproducts
on sale at ridiculously low
low prices]
Bargains
galore! [a huge number of
products on
now and
and get
getaa 10%
10% discount.
[reduction in the
price]
Order now
discount. [reduction
the price]
C
Promoting luxury and
and comfort
Advertisers like language that suggests luxury and
and comfort.
Pamper yourself
luxurious]
Pamper
yourself witha
with a full-body massage. [treat yourself to something luxurious]
Indulge yourself
Indulge
yourself with our smooth, rich, perfectly blended coffee. [let yourself do
do or have something that
you
may be bad foryou]
you enjoy but which may
for you]
opulent surroundings. [both adjectives mean rich and
and special: sumptuous
Enjoyaa sumptuous
sumptuous meal in opulent
and furnishings, and
and opulent with words relating to lifestyle]
lifestyle]
collocates most strongly with words relating to food and
in the
lap of
of luxury
luxury fortwo
[ina a very luxurious way]
Live in
the lap
for two weeks. [in
D
Promoting scientific backing
Advertisers like language that suggests scientific backing for their product.
This ergonomically
by studying people
ergonomically designed
designed reading lamp provides the perfect light. [designed by
and their working or
or living conditions, especially in order to improve effectiveness]
and
Our health drink is medically proven
proven to
Our
to boost energy levels. [shown by research]
All our
our computers are
arestate-of-the-art.
state-of-the-art. [use the
the very latest technology]
E
Promoting attractiveness
Advertisers
like language
language that
products make us
usmore
Advertisers like
that suggests
suggests their
their products
more attractive.
Ties
will make
make youstand
inthe
crowd. [be
[benoticed]
Ties that
that will
you stand out
out in
the crowd.
noticed]
In our
our new
new styles,
styles, you're
guaranteed to
heads. [be
[benoticedj
In
you’re guaranteed
to turn
turn heads.
noticed]
Our new
new lipsticks
lipsticks are
are tantalisingly
appealing. [temptingly]
[temptingly]
Our
tantalisingly appealing.
Use our
our range
range of
of hair
hair and
and skin
skin products
products forglossy
hair and
and radiant
radiant skin.
skin. [both adjectives mean
Use
for glossy hair
and healthy-looking]
attractive and
F
Common ways
ofadvertising
Common
ways of
advertising
Magazine and
TV and
and newspaper advertisements/adverts; classified ads; TV
and radio commercials; posters;
1
billboards
; flyers
flyers2;trailers
; trailers3;; sports
sky-writing44;sandwich
; sandwich boards
billboards*;
sports sponsorship;
sponsorship; banners;
banners; sky-writing
boards55;;
66
brochures;
websites. In
brochures; carrier
carrier bags;
bags; logos
logos on
on clothing
clothing and
and other
other products;
products; pop-ups
pop-ups on
on websites.
In addition,
addition,
personalities
TV interviews
to plug
or film.
personalities often
often use
use TV
interviews to
plug77aa new
new book
book orfilm.
11
very large boards
sheets of printed information
33
or radio programme
brief excerpts froma
from a film, TV
TV or
44
words written in the
sky using smoke froma
the sky
from a plane
55
attheback
and front of
ofaa person, who
aroundaa busy area
advertising posters hung at
the back and
who then walks around
^6 advertisements that appear on your screen suddenly
77
advertise
22
104
104
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
ourl
ca t
ris
Exercises
49.1
49.1
one missing word from theopposite
Complete each ofthese
of these sentences with one
the opposite page.
11 Enjoy
Enjoyaa weekend in the
of luxury.
the ........................... of
2 2 Don’t
Don't just follow the herd –— take the chance to
to stand out in the
the
.
3 3 Don’t
Don't miss the ........................... -bottom prices in our
our special May
May Day
Day sale.
4 4 For
For the
state-of-........................... laptops and
and tablets, visit our
the best in state-ofour website.
55 Why
new foam bath?
Why not ........................... yourself this Christmas with our new
66 Takea
new fabric designs.
Take a look at our ........................... new
77 Our
Our cosmetics ........................... all others in the
the shade.
nd bargains ..
8 You’ll find
in our new discount superstore.
yourself withCour
99 wh
’
deledtablenh
upl eddesserts?
sserts*
Why’nnot
delectable
chocolate
10 We're
oneweek
reductions!
10
We’re ......I.I.tt.I.ttt..."our
our prices this week for
for one
week only! Huge reductions!
49.2
49.2
and endings of the sentences.
Match the beginnings and
11 The
The armchair is ergonomically
22 She
She was
was distributing
3 3 He
He was
was wearinga
wearing a sandwich
44 There wasa
billboard
was a huge billboard
55 It containsa
contains a herb proven
66 Did you
you see that trailer
77 My
My software is good at
atblocking
blocking
8 8 She
She went on TV toplug
to plug
49.3
49.3
aresome
ofthe
Here are
some phrases typical of advertising language. Which of
the categoriesA
categories A toE
to E
opposite do
do they fit into? Some of
them may
ofthem
may fit into more than one category.
11 colossal discounts
22 fit for
fora a king
3 3 tantalisingly elegant
44 go
go on
on –— spoil yourself
49.4
49.4
aa to boost the immune system.
bb for the
new James Bond film?
the new
cc pop-up ads.
dd designed to ease back pain and
and provide comfort.
ee her new
new book.
f f advertising
advertisingaa new
new soft drink.
gg board advertising
advertisingaa clothing store.
hh flyers for
fora a charity concert.
55 developed by
byaa team of
ofinternational
international experts
66 we
we outshine the best of the rest
77 glossy hair and
and aa radiant, youthful look
88 outstanding value
atFF opposite. What are
arethese
of?
Look at
these examples of?
11
22
33
CAFE
44
-
55
66
r
r
Youal
Youal
c t
Locrist Lo
s
i
r
Flo
Flo
49.5
49.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
r
Youal
Locrist
Flo
For
oflanguage
restaurants,
For
more examples of
language used in advertising, visit the
the websites of companies, restaurants,
and see
how they describe their products. Match the language to the categories in
inA A toE
etc. and
see how
to E
opposite.
orur
YoYuoacl al
L
c
o
L loisrtist
FloFr
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
105
50
The news: gathering and delivering
A
Gathering the news
80’?
NEWS TODAY
There are
areaa number of
ofdifferent
ofjournalism:
different types of
journalism: print
journalism‘,
journalism1, broadcast journalism2,onlinejournalism*—and,
, online journalism3—and,
use
increasingly, citizen journalism: this is where ordinary citizens use
social media to
and share news with others.
to report, photograph and
ina a number ofdifferent
Professional journalists gather news in
of different ways.
They may
may get
getstories
to air their
stories from pressure groups4 which want toair
views’
conferences6 where
views5 in public. Journalists also attend press conferences‘
7
may issue
issueaa statement or
or press release
release.A
politicians or others may
. A person
8
9
publicity’ will try to
includeaa soundbite
soundbite’ in what they say.
seeking publicity
to include
,*
“
and
Journalists also hunt for"stories
for10 stories by tapping useful sources‘!
sources11 and
by monitoring
monitoring‘122 international news agencies like Reuters. The
The more
by
13
importantaa story is, the
airtime‘*
and the more
important
the more airtime
it will achieve and
14
inches‘^
be given in the
oron
column inches
it will be
the newspaper or
on thewebpage:
the webpage:
15
coverage"
Paparazzi‘166 follow
it will receive. Paparazzi
in other words, the more coverage
and try to get photographs of
ofthem
celebrities or
or public figures and
them for
for
newspapers and magazines.
11
and magazines 22 radio and
and TV
newspapers and
TV 3 news websites 44 people trying to influence what other
55
and answer
express their opinions 66 meetings to give information to and
people think aboutaa particular issue
7
give a formal announcement tothepress
to the press 8 wanting to reach
questions from the press
givea
reachaa wider audience
9
be repeated in news bulletins and
and articles 110
’ look for
short memorable sentence or phrase that will be
for
11
12
3
12
useofpeople
making use
of people or organisations which regularly provide news
regularly checking 113
minutes
5
on radio or TV
4 space 115
^ an
an informal and
and sometimes disapproving word
media attention 116
given to it on
TV 114
forpress
for press photographers
B
Delivering the
the news
AA rag
ragis
an informal word for
not of
of very high quality. The
is an
foraa newspaper and it suggests that it is not
The
isa a disapproving term used about the kind of newspapers and magazines that are
gutter press is
and sex than serious news.
more interested in crime and
Journalists produce copy, which has to be ready for
foraa deadline. With printed newspapers, when
everything is ready, the
the newspaper goes to press.
areknown
asback
areusually
an online archive.
Previous issues ofaa paper are
known as
back copies. These are
usually accessible in an
A A story that is only to be
be found in one
one newspaper is an
an exclusive or scoop. All newspapers or
orTV
TV news
no one
one else has
has discovered.A
can be
be said to hit the
channels hope torun
to runaa story that no
discovered. A major story can
the
on the day
day it is published. At that time, the
headlines on
the story breaks or becomes public knowledge.
AA newspaper may
may be taken to court for
or defamation of
ofcharacter
an untrue
for libel or
character if it publishes an
ofsomething.
story that, for example, wrongly accuses someone of
something.
put their own
onaa story. [present it in
Journalists of different political persuasions will put
own gloss/spin on
their own
own way]
by muck-raking. [collecting scandal]
Some journalists gather stories by
and
Generally, newspapers like to
to make stories sound more dramatic by using words like heroic and
triumph, even forsome
for some occurrence that is quite ordinary. [happening, event]
Language help
iviedia
The media areblamed
Media isa a plural noun and should be used witha
with a plural verb, e.g. The
are blamed fora a number
ofsocial
as if it wereaa singular word, e.g. Social media has
of social problems. However, some people treat it as
hadaa huge impact on our lives. Media is often used as an adjective in phrases like media reports/
coverage
coverage/attention/interest/hype.
lattention/interest lhype.
106
106
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
50.1
50.1
Match the two
two parts of the
the collocations from the opposite page.
11 air
22 issue
33 muck
4 4 press
55 pressure
66 citizen
77 sound
88 tap
50.2
50.2
Q
Q
Q
Q
a a groups
bb conference
cc bite
dd journalism
journalism
ee raking
f f sources
gg aa statement
hh your views
Fill the
the gaps with words from theopposite
the opposite page.
The
haschangeda
The way
way journalists work has
changed a lot over the last twenty years. When
I I started out
out as
asaa junior reporter, we
had to
we had
to produce all our
our 1‘................ toto very
22
tight ................
,, because we
had to make sure it was
we had
was all in place before the
3
to
Now
paper3................
to press, ready to be in the
the shops the next morning. Now
aa lot of what we
canpublisha
we do is online, which means we
we can
publish a story onlyaa
4
few
It's much easier to find old
old articles to
few minutes after it4.................
. It’s
to check
5
facts, too, because most newspapers have an online
online’................
that you
you
can access. People expect
expectaa lot more photos these days, though, which
can
6
on the
so
is why
why we
we rely on
the6................
so much.
50.3
50.3
Answer these questions about the words and expressions in
inBB opposite.
11 Would you write toa
on his or
or her
her ‘rag’? Why
to a chief editor asking for
foraa job on
Why/ / Why
Why not?
22 What do you think about newspapers if you
asthegutter
you refer to
to them as
the gutter press?
33 What is it very important forjournalists
not to miss?
for journalists not
44 What two words might describe the kind of story thata
ofgetting?
that a journalist dreams of
getting?
5 5 What two expressions refer to the
ofaa big story?
the moment ofpublication
of publication of
66 Which two crimes are mentioned in
inB B and
and what do they consist of?
50.4
50.4
inbrackets.
Rewrite these sentences so that they mean thesame
the same thing, using the word in
brackets.
11 Every news report inevitably gives its own
own particular view ofevents.
of events. ((sPiN)
spin)
2 2 I I have tofind
The Times. ((BACK)
to find some articles from some previous editions of The
Back)
3 3 The
my favourite singer. ((RAN)
The TV
TV news yesterday broadcast something about my
ran)
4 4 The
The floods took up more space in the
the papers than any other story this week. ((COLUMN)
column)
55 Politicians are
are always ready and
and willing to give their opinions to the press. ((AIR)
air)
6 6 The
on her wedding day. ((HIT)
The story about the scandal surrounding her uncle broke on
hit)
7 7 Any
can toto prevent being sued forlibel.
Any newspaper does all it can
for libel. ((CHARACTER)
character)
8 8 Muck-raking is
isa a characteristic activity of an
an inferior kind of newspaper. ((PRESS)
press)
50.5
50.5
Choose the best word tocomplete
to complete each sentence.
11 The
be holding
holdingaa press Ieleasel
The President will be
release / conference this afternoon.
22 The
on the TV
The story Iroke
brokel/ hit last night when it was
was the
the first item on
TV news.
33 Politicians are
are usually not
not slow to seek coveragel/ publicity.
4 4 The
has had
hadaa lot of
of printf / media attention.
The story has
55 The
receivedaa lot of
of airtime
Iirtimel / soundbite on
on the radio.
The story received
6 6 Sociall / Print media have encouraged the development of
ofcitizen
citizen journalism.
77 Ricky deserves to be called
calledaa hero
Ierol/ rag –— he acted with great courage.
88 Unfortunately, muggings are
arean
an everyday occurrencef/ triumph in this part of town.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
107
S1
51
Healthcare
A
Healthcare professionals
ms
Many professionals are trained to help people
and to treat health problems.
stay healthy and
Primary care
care is provided by the doctors (also
Primary
asphysicians)
who the patient
known as
physicians) or nurses who
haveaa problem. This may
may
goes to first when they have
atthedoctor's
happen at
the doctor’s surgery or, sometimes,
duringaa home
home visit.A
locum is
isa a doctor who
during
visit. A locum
who does
thejob
ofanother
who is ill or
or on
on holiday.
the job of
another doctor who
an acute
acute
,
Most medical care, whether it is for
for an
condition!1 or
oraa chronic
chronic condition, is provided
condition
through the primary care system. Secondary
Secondary care
—*
”°
care
or hospitals. Patients are referred
referred toa
by
is provided by specialists in special clinics or
to a specialist by
their doctor. These may
may specialise, for example, in
ina a particular organ
organ22 or
oraa specific age
age group.
brackets) include, among many others: ophthalmologists
Specialists (what they specialise in is in brackets)
ophthalmologists
psychiatrists (the mind), dermatologists
dermatologists (skin), gynaecologists
(eyes), cardiologists
cardiologists (heart), psychiatrists
gynaecologists
(women's reproductive systems), obstetricians
obstetricians (pregnancy and
and childbirth), paediatricians
paediatricians
(women’s
and anaesthetists
anaesthetists (anaesthesia
(anaesthesia or stopping people from feeling pain during surgery).
(children), and
There are
are also healthcare workers who
who focus on
on what is sometimes referred to as
as alternative
alternative
medicine or
or complementary
medicine33,, including: acupuncturists
acupuncturists44,chiropractors
, chiropractors55,,
medicine
complementary medicine
homeopathic doctors
doctors66 and
and aromatherapists
aromatherapists 77..
homeopathic
11
2
one that is severe and
and sudden in onset
part of the
the body, e.g. stomach, liver
approaches that differ from conventional western approaches
44
/'akjupxqkt/arists/
by using needles at special points around the skin
/ˈækjʊpʌŋktʃərɪsts/ people who
who treat patients by
55
/'kairauprxktaz/
by pressing joints in places where two joints are
are connected,
/ˈkaɪrəʊpræktəz/ people who
who treat patients by
e.g. the
the spine, or backbone
66
/,haumiau'pa0ik/
ofnatural
an illness
/ˌhəʊmiəʊˈpæθɪk/ doctors who
who use tiny amounts of
natural substances to treat an
77
/a,rauma'6erapists/therapists
and massage
/əˌrəʊməˈθerəpɪsts/ therapists who
who use aromatic oils and
3
B
Health systems
healthcarel1 is paid forthrough
and national
national insurance
insurance2 payments taken
In Britain, healthcare
for through taxes and
how much will be
be spent on
on the
directly from wages and salaries. The
The government decides how
National Health
Health Service
Service3,, but
butaa lot
lotof
do not spend enough. Hospital treatment
National
of people feel they do
and visits toa
(orGP
ataa surgery
clinic‘6 are
are free, but
but there is often
oftenaa
and
to a family
family doctor
doctor (or
GP44)) at
surgery55 or clinic
77
prescription charge
and aa large number of
ofinsurance
schemes
prescription
charge .Private
. Private healthcare is available and
insurance schemes
‘go private’
private’8..
exist to
to enable people to ‘go
11
general expression forall
by hospitals, clinics, dentists, opticians, etc.
for all of
of the
the services offered by
tax
tax paid by most working adults which covers the costs of healthcare for
for everyone
33
British name for
for thestate-funded
the state-funded service that covers hospitals, clinics, dentists, etc. (often abbreviated to
22
the NHS)
44 doctor who
people's general health (GP
(GP = general practitioner)
practitioner)
who looks after people’s
5
small centre offering primary care, run
run by
byaa single GP
ora a group of
ofGPs
[surgery can
can of course also mean the
GP or
GPs (surgery
the
of medicine that involves carrying out
operations)
branch of
out operations)
66
centre which specialises in treatinga
treating a particular condition or group ofconditions
of conditions
charge forthe
ataa pharmacy
for the medication the doctor prescribes, which you pay at
88
choose private healthcare
77
108
108
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
s1.1
51.1
What kind of medical specialist is each of
ofthese
these people?
11
22
44 ..............................................
51.2
51.2
33
55
66
Chooseaa word from the
Choose
the box to
to complete each sentence.
acute
chronic
condition
locum
organ
prescription
prescription
refer
surgery
11 I I need to
to phone the
the ...... .. ...... ...... .. toto make an appointment for
foraa blood test.
2 2 He
He suffers from ........................... bronchitis –— it comes back year after year.
3 3 The
me aa ........................... for
painkillers.
The doctor wrote me
for some painkillers.
4 4 The
GP
decided
to
...........................
Alex
toa
specialist.
The GP
to a
I asskin
5 Chris has
whichiis taking a long time to clear up.
6 6 II saw
haw h a very
e y ktne
t.. today
hdhy be
k se our
ur'Inormal
n rmalG
p'leave.
nice .............
because
GP was on
leave.
S
El
U
7 The heart is the
which pumps blood around our bodies.
d her
heh appendix
p”pendix”removd
aher an
n p ..b.! .d. .r. attack
dtaukb of dp
endicitis.
8 Thdihh
Lydia had
removed after
appendicitis.
513
51.3
inthe
healthcare.
Correct the mistakes in
the collocations in these questions about healthcare.
11 What is the
the name ofyour
of your familiar doctor?
22 Is therea
there a prescription price in your country?
33 In your country is therea
and second care?
there a similar structure of primary care and
44 Do
Do doctors often do
do home visitors in your country?
55 Are there insurance societies for private healthcare in your country?
66 When it comes tohealthcare,
do many people in your country make private?
to healthcare, do
77 How
How popular is complimentary medicine in your country?
88 Have you ever been to
toaa specialist who
who practises some kind of alternating medicine?
51.4
51.4
Over to you
Answer the questions in 51.3 about yourself and the healthcare in your country.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
109
52
Illness: feeling under the weather
A
Feeling unwell
Some informal expressions that mean ‘not well, but
but not
not seriously ill’.
ill'
A:A: You
off-colour today. Are
You lookaa bit off-colour
Are you
you all right?
B: I’m
feeling a bit out
out of
sorts, it’s
I'm just feelinga
of sorts,
it's nothing to worry about.
feeling a bit under
the weather,
weather, so
II was
was feelinga
under the
soI I stayed at home yesterday.
Katy’s
feeling poorly
foraa while.
Katy's been feeling
poorly for
I'm fighting off
offaa cold at the
get rid of]
I’m
the moment. [trying to get
isn't in today; she's
down with flu. [has caught, usually
usuallya a non-serious illness]
illness]
Rani isn’t
she’s gone down
I'm not
not going to work today. I’ve
I've come down witha
(we usually say
not
I’m
with a dreadful cold. (we
say come down, not
go down with, when talking about ourselves)
hayfever
and sneezesa
he's near grass or flowers. [used for more long-term
Harry suffers from hay
fever and
sneezes a lot if he’s
problems]
B
Minor health
health problems
problems
Minor
hurt is different from ache:
ache:
Note that hurt
My arm
arm hurts
hurts whereI
My
where I banged it against the
the car
injury]
door. [gives pain caused by an injury]
My back aches
aches after all that digging yesterday.
My
Language help
You
can call
calla a physical pain
painaa dull/nagging/
You can
butthe
throbbing ache but
the noun hurt refers to
to
The break-up of
oftheir
emotional pain, e.g. The
their
relationship caused them both deep hurt.
painj
[persistent low-level pain]
The
(the usual)
usual) aches
aches and
and pains
pains
The fixed expression (the
ina a non-serious way
Mum's feeling fine, apart from the
is often used to refer in
way to minor problems: Mum’s
aches and
and pains
pains (NOT pains and aches).
).
usual aches
The
and bruises
bruises can
can refer to
injuries: Jason had
hadaa few cuts and
and bruises
bruises
The fixed expression cuts and
to minor injuries:
when he
hefell
).
fell off his bike, nothing serious (NOT bruises and cuts).
Some other kinds of physical discomfort:
My hand’s
hand's been stinging ever sinceI
My
since I touched that plant. [sudden, burning pain]
My head is throbbing. [beating with pain]
My
II have
haveaa stiff neck
neck from sitting in
ina a draught yesterday. [pain and
and difficulty in moving your neck round]
She tripped on
on the uneven pavement and twisted her
her ankle. [injured by
by turning it suddenly]
suddenlyj
She
II feela
dizzy.I I thinkI
and can't
feel a bit dizzy.
think I should sit down. [a feeling that you
you are spinning round and
can’t balance]
She was
her to stay in bed. [with
[witha a high temperature/feverj
She
wasa a bit feverish this morning, soI
so I told her
temperature/fever]
II feel quite shivery// hot
hot and
and cold.I
haveaa temperature. [shaking slightly, usually
cold. I thinkI
think I must have
ofaa fever]
because of
I've had
had a a lot of sleepless nights recently.
recently. [without sleeping much]
I’ve
II had
had a a terrible nauseous
nauseous feeling after taking the medicine, but it passed. [[/'no.zias/
/nɔziəs/ feeling that you
you
want tovomit]
to vomit]
He was
over;II knew it must be something serious. [shaking]
[shaking]
He
was trembling all over;
My nose is all bunged
bunged up
up today with this horrible cold. [blocked; informa
My
informal]
C
Getting
Getting better
better
II had
had a a virus last week, butII got
got over
recovered]
over it quite quickly. [got better, recovered]
Jo's recovering
recovering froma
illnesses]
Jo’s
from a major operation. [getting better: used for more serious illnesses]
Dan felt terrible last week, but he’s
he's on
on the
mend now. [getting better]
better]
Dan
the mend
It's taking Hania some time to recover from her
heraccident,
but she’s
she's over
It’s
accident, but
over the
the worst
worst now.
[past the
the most difficult period]
She'll be
be back
back on
herfeet
She’ll
on her
feet again soon. [fully healthy again]
110
110
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
52.1
52.1
Correct the mistakes
mistakes in
inthese
sentences.
Correct
these sentences.
11 She
She was
out of the
andaa bit fevering, so
so she
she took the day off.
was feeling out
the weather and
2 2 I I felt really off my
my colour yesterday and
and my
my head was
painkiller.
was throwing, soI
so I tookaa painkiller.
3 3 I I felta
and seemed tohave
and aches than usual.
felt a bit off the
the sorts and
to have more pains and
4 4 Maria has back hurt after carrying that heavy suitcase of yours.
55 Freddie has
has been fighting out
out cold for
forthe
few days.
the last few
66 I’m
I'm sorry
sorryI I won't
I've gone down with flu.
won’t make it to
to your party because I’ve
7 7 Do
Do you
any allergies?
you suffer of any
8 8 How
How did
did you
get all those bruises and
and cuts?
you get
52.2
52.2
Rewrite the underlined
underlined parts
parts of
of these sentences using
using words and phrases
phrases
Rewrite
fromB
from B opposite.
11 I I was
had a a high temperature.
was feeling quite as ifII had
22 The
herfeel
she wanted tovomit.
The smell of paint always made her
feel that she
to vomit.
33 I I felt as
as if my
my head was
soI I went and lay
laydown
an hour.
was spinning, so
down for
for an
4 4 My
My nose was
gota a spray from the chemist.
was blocked, soI
so I got
55 I I gota
my neck from driving foraa long time in an
an awkward position.
got a pain in my
6 6 Laura was
hot and
and cold and
and looked unwell, soI
her to go
was feeling hot
so I told her
go to bed.
T7 My
My knee hurts today because
becauseI I moved it awkwardly getting out
out of Andrei's
Andrei’s sports car yesterday.
88 I I didn’t
didn't sleep at all last night.
52.3
52.3
Sort
these everyday
everyday phrasal
verbs and
and expressions
with health
Sort these
phrasal verbs
expressions connected
connected with
health and
and illness
illness into
into
two groups,
on whether
whether they
they have
positive or
or negative
negative meanings
with regard
two
groups, depending
depending on
have positive
meanings with
regard
to health.
to
health.
be on
on the
suffer from
be over the worst fight off
be
the mend
get over
come down with
under the weather
positive
52.4
52.4
beback
be
back on your feet again
negative
Now fill the
gaps using
using expressions
expressions from 52.3.
52.3.
Now
the gaps
I1 (Someone speaking to
toaa colleaguejust
colleague just returned to work after an
an illness)
illness) Hello, Dan, good
toseeyou
to see you
.
22 (Person ringing their place of
of work) Nadja,
Nadja,I I won't
I've
won’t be in today, I’ve
a a cold.
3 3 (Person in hospital, just
toget
Oh, I’m
I'm OK.
OK. I’m
I'm
just beginning to
get better, talking toa a visitor) Oh,
now.II still feel bad, but
butI I should be out withina
orso.
now.
within a week or
so.
4 4 (Parent toaa child with
withaa cold) Don’t
Don't worry, darling. Everyone hasaa cold now
now and
and then. You'll
You’ll
it.
...................................................... it.
5 5 (Someone ringing
ringinga a workmate) I’m
I'mtrying
but nothing
trying to ....................................................... the
the flu, but
don't think I’ll
I'll be
be at
at work tomorrow.
seems tohelp.I
to help. I don’t
66 Lily was
now and
and should be back at
at
was quite ill last week, but she's
she’s ....................................................... now
work on Monday.
77 I I feela
but I’m
I'm sure I’ll
I'll be
be fine tomorrow.
feel a bit ..................................... ................. today, but
88 I I used to .......................................................a a dust allergy, but
but I I don’t
don't thinkI
do any
any more.
think I do
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
111
53
Medical language
A
Medical information leaflets
Read
this extract
extract froma
from a leaflet
Read this
leaflet included
included in
ina a packet
packet of
of painkillers.
painkillers.
tahing this
titis medicine,
talk
ifyou:
Before taking
taking
your
if
you:
Before
medicine,talk
talktotoyour
yourdoctor
doctorororpharmacist
pharmacist
if you:
1 1 aspirin (up
•• are
takinglow-dose
low-dose'
(up toto75
75 mg
mg daily)
75
mg
daily)
aretaking
low-dose
aspirin (up
3 3 of asthma
••• suffer
sufferfrom
asthma*,
haveaaapast
history’
fromasthma
asthma2,2,ororhave
have
pasthistory
history
of asthma
•• have
haveaaaconnective
connectivetissue
tissuedisorder
disorder°
have
disorder4 4
5 5 or suffer from bowel
6 6 problems
••• have
haveaaahistory
gastrointestinaldisease
disease’
bowels
have
historyofofgastrointestinal
disease
or suffer from bowel
problems
7 7
•• are
areelderly
therisk
adversereactions
reactions’
are
elderly,asas
asititincreases
increasesthe
riskofofadverse
reactions
8 8 or think you
••• have
problems,have
hadaaaprevious
stroke"
haveheart
heartproblems,
problems,
havehad
had
previousstroke
stroke
youmight
mightbe
be
or think you
99
at
these
conditions"
at
risk
of
conditions
at risk of these conditions
Do not
not exceed
ezcee&100 the
thestated
or duration
duration*111 of
oftreatment
Do
stated dose or
treatment
12
Like all medicines,
medicines, these tablets may
may sometimes cause side effects,
effects,"
though not
not everybody gets them.
Stop taking this medicine and
and seek medical help if you
you suffer
from any of
of the following:
13
•• allergic reactions
reactions"
14
•• are sick and
and it contains blood or dark particles
particles"
that look like
coffee grounds
15
•• pass blood in your stools
stools“
•• stiff neck, headache, feeling sick (nausea),
(nausea), being sick (vomiting),
(vomiting),
fever and
and disorientation (not knowing where you are).
22
measured amount ofmedicine
of medicine that is relatively small
medical condition in which breathing becomes
33
diff
icult because air passages have narrowed
record of medical conditions
difficult
conditionsaa person has experienced
5
°4 illness of the
°6 tube that carries solid
the body ormind
or mind
illness of the
the stomach ordigestive
or digestive passages
8
waste out of
ofthe
’7 unwanted results
"sudden
the body
sudden change in blood supply to the brain causing loss
10
11
°9 illnesses or
‘°
take more than
“length
of function of part of the
the body
or physical problems
length
12
13
"unwanted
effects
one
“conditions
affecting
of
unwanted eff
ects in addition to the intended one
conditions aff
ecting skin or breathing because of
14
15
"small
“medical
eating or coming into contact with certain substances
small pieces
medical term for excrement
(formal) or poo
childish)
poo (informal, childish)
11
B
Medical metaphors
metaphors
Medical
Social and
and other
other problems
problems are
areoften
about as
as if
if they
illnesses: The
current spate
spate of
of car
Social
often talked
talked about
they were
were illnesses:
The current
car
thefts
isa a symptom
deeper underlying
underlying problem.
problem. [medical meaning = problem indicating an
an illness]
illness]
thefts is
symptom of
ofaa deeper
This
behaviour is
is symptomatic
symptomatic of
ofhisgeneral
lack of
of self-confidence.
This behaviour
his general lack
self-confidence.
The
causes of
ofaa problem
problem can
can be
be diagnosed
diagnosed and
and the
foraa situation
can also
also be
be referred
referred to
as
The causes
the outlook
outlook for
situation can
to as
the
prognosis. [medical meaning
meaning== identify what illness
illnessa a patient has] [medical meaning = how
how experts expect
the prognosis.
an illness to
an
to develop]
The
medical meaning
meaning of
ofthekeyword
is given
given in
in brackets
brackets before
before the
examples below:
below:
The medical
the key word is
the examples
an ailing
ailing organisation
organisation [one that has
hasaa lot of
economy has
hasbeen
[[ailing
ailing = unwell, sicklyj
sickly] an
of problems] The
The economy
been
ailing for
for some
some time,
but there
are hopes
hopes of
ofaa recovery
recovery soon.
soon.
ailing
time, but
there are
[rash =a
of small red spots on
on the skin
skin]a] a rash
rash of
of burglaries
burglaries [a number of
ofsimilar
[rash
= a lot of
similar things happening
atthe
at
the same time]
Cup fever,
excitement]
[[fever=
fever = high temperature] World
World Cup
fever, election
election fever
fever [great excitement]
at fever
pitch, to
reach fever
pitch [a point of very high intensity]
intensityj Witha
before Anne's
at
fever pitch,
to reach
fever pitch
With a week
week togo
to go before
Anne’s
wedding, preparations had
had reached fever
pitch.
fever pitch.
problem] Experts
Experts in
in the
history of
of the
area takea
[jaundiced
jaundiced = yellow-looking skin because of
ofaa liver problem]
the history
the area
take a
rather jaundiced
ofthe
likely success
success of
of the
peace talks.
of
rather
jaundiced view
view of
the likely
the peace
talks. [unenthusiastic or sceptical because of
bad experiences]
experiences]
previous bad
on skin aft
after
an injury such asaa cut] carry
scars of/
be scarred
scarred by
by [be
[bepermanently
[[scar=
scar = mark left on
er an
carry the
the scars
of / be
permanently
affected
byaa negative experiences
I'm afraid
afraid that
children will
always be
be scarred
by experiencing
experiencing war
at
aff
ected by
experience] I’m
that children
will always
scarred by
war at
aa young
age.
young age.
on an
an illness]
illness]II hope
hope Helen’s
Helen's enthusiasm
enthusiasm will
infect everyone
everyone else.
else. [pass on
on to]
[[infect
infect = pass on
will infect
as felt on
on wrist] That
really has
has his
his finger
pulse
[[pulse
pulse = regular beating of heart, e.g. as
That journalist
journalist really
finger on
on the
the pulse
of public
public opinion.
opinion. [understands how
how things are changing]
changings
of
112
112
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
53.1
53.1
Choose the
best word tocomplete
each sentence.
Choose
the best
to complete each
11 Anorexia is
isa a serious eating effect
eiiectl / disorder in whicha
eat as
as little as
as possible.
which a person tries to
to eat
22 The
me aa lot of questions about my
my medical historyl / story.
The doctor asked me
3 3 Far
Far more children these days are
areIsthmatic
asthmaticl/ allergic to
to nuts than ever before.
4 4 It is important not to overtake
Ivertakel/ exceed the number of
ofpills
pills the
the doctor tells you
you to
to take.
55 Talk to your pharmacist if you
any Iide
you suffer any
sidel/ adverse reactions to the
the tablets.
6 6 My
My grandfather had
hadaa Iowel
bowell/ stroke last year.
7 7 Doctors use the word stools but
but children talk about pool
poo / excrement.
88 If you
Ieell / are
you vomit, you
you feel
are sick.
9 9 Disorientationl / Disease can
can be
be the result of
ofa a bang on thehead.
the head.
not allowed to drive for the
of her treatment.
10 Maria is not
the Iuration
durationl / dose of
53.2
53.2
Replace the underlined
underlined expressions with one
one of
ofthe
metaphors from B.
B.Blake
any other
Replace
the metaphors
Make any
necessary changes.
changes.
necessary
11 Excitement grew extremely strong as the day
day of the final match dawned.
22 Although industry is doing well in the
the north of the country, in the
the south it is weak.
33 The
had been
beenaa sudden large
laree number of
ofcomplaints
The manager said that there had
complaints about the
the hotel.
4 4 Unfortunately, she
she is still affected in
ina a negative way
way by her divorce.
55 The
our neighbourhood
neighbourhood are
areevidence
ofwider
The problems we
we have experienced in our
evidence of
wider problems
in society.
6 6 What do you think the prospects are forthe
for the peace talks?
7 7 I I voted forthe
for the Green Party because they seem tobe
to be in touch with what's
what’s happening.
88 The
forsome
The business has been having problems for
some time now.
99 I’m
I'mafraidI
ofthe
afraid I have ratheraa sceptical view of
the banking industry.
53.3
53.3
The medical
words in
the box below
are used metaphorically
the following
following text.
text.
The
medical words
inthebox
below areused
metaphorically in
inthe
Fill
the gaps
these words.
words. Use
Fill the
gaps using
using these
Useaa dictionary
dictionary if
if necessary.
necessary.
ailing
fatal
disease
rash
paralysed
prognosis
fever
contagious
80%
National Rail
Rail Strike
Strike
National
23 November
23
November
The
the latest
strike, with
The country
country has
has been'
been 1 ........................... byby the
latest rail
rail strike,
with no
no rail
rail
2
services at
at all
all running
service has
services
running today.
today. The
The railway
railway service
has been
been2...........................
3
for
some time,
if today's
action is
is prolonged
it may
may prove
prove"...........................
for some
time, but
but if
today’s action
prolonged it
to
‘The country
to the
the rail
rail industry.
industry. The
The Minister
Minister for
for Transport
Transport commented:
commented: ‘The
country
has
suffering froma
local strikes
strikes since
since the
has been
been suffering
from a 4 ........................... ofof local
the first
first
one
in Nortown
was 5 ........................... and
strike led
led to
to
one in
Nortown last
last month.
month. It
It was
and one
one strike
6
another. Things
pitch
andwe
another.
Things reached
reached6...........................
pitch last
last week
week and
we canonly
can only
hope
will come
hope that
that this
this 7 ........................... will
come toanendsoon.’
to an end soon.’ The
The minister's
minister’s
8
. . is
start to
improve once
is that
that things
things will
will only
only start
to improve
once people
people
appreciate the
seriousness of
situation.
appreciate
the seriousness
of the
the situation.
53.4
53.4
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Learn more medical vocabulary by going to the following website, which provides information
for people who want to learn more about a medical condition: www.nhs.uk.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
113
113
54
54
Diet,
fitness
Diet, sport
sport and
and fitness
A A A healthy
healthy heart
heart
Our
areessential
but the
Our arteries circulate blood around the body and are
essential to good health, but
the blood flow
can
be impeded
impeded11 by fatty plaque
plaque22 that can
can clog*
can be
clog3 them. The
The production of plaque is associated
with high levels of cholesterol°
and clogged blood vessels can
can lead toa
oraa stroke.
cholesterol4 and
to a heart attack or
stroke5.
Some foods, such as eggs and shellfish, while nutritious
nutritious",6, are
are also cholesterol-rich, but, if eaten
do not significantly raise cholesterol
poseaa danger’.
in moderation, do
cholesterol levels or pose
danger7. ‘Bad cholesterol’
cholesterol’ is
8
counteracted by fibre"
our diet, and
and a a high-fibre diet is often recommended by
by health experts.
fibre in our
be absorbed by the
Fibre causes less fat
fat to be
the blood vessels. Fibre-rich foods include fruit, vegetables,
10
Ientils,9, oatmeal
oatmeal',
lentils
, potatoes and
and wholemeal bread.
z 2 unwanted substance that forms on
on the surface of
^ 6 containing substances that your body needs tostay
to stay
healthy
healthy (noun
(noun = nutrition)
nutrition)
the
the arteries
"cause
cause something to
to become blocked
°4 fatty substance found in the
and blood
the body tissue and
of
all animals
ofall
*5 sudden change in the
the blood supply to the brain
causing loss of function of part of the
the body
’ 7 cause
causeaa problem
^8 substance in foods such as fruit, vegetables and
and
brown
waste
brown bread,
bread, which travels through the body
body as
aswaste
9
very small dried beans that are cooked and eaten
110
° type of flour made from oats oraa grain used to make
porridge [a cooked breakfast cereal]
porridge
i1
slowed down or
ormade
made difficult
3
B
Exercise and
and calories
calories
Exercise
1
One
ofcardiovascular'
One of the most efficient forms of
cardiovascular1 exercise
is running or fast walking, which have been proved to have
aa positive effect in reducing cholesterol levels. This type of
exercise lowers your blood pressure and
and can
can help diabetics‘
diabetics2
too, by
by helping their insulin
insulins3 work more effectively. Running
orjogging
alsoaa great way
or jogging is also
way to burn calories, and
and you
you
4
don't
have
to
be
excessively
sporty°
to
do
it.
Based
ona
don’t
sporty
do
on a
calculation
calculation of your body weight in relation to
to the
the time you
you
devote to an activity,
activity,a a person who
weighs
63
kilos can
can burn
who
148 calories by
by jogging for20
for 20 minutes. The
The same person
doing half an
an hour of
ofcycling
25 kph
kph could burn more than
cycling at 25
up your metabolism
metabolism’,5,
330 calories. Exercise can
can also speed up
which helps you
to
burn
calories
more
quickly.
This can
you
can help
to lower your BMI
BMI^6 to
a
healthy
level.
If
you‘re
intent
on’7
to a
you’re
on
losing weight, running, brisk
brisk"8 walking and
and fast cycling are
excellent ways ofdoing
of doing so!
C
and blood
relating to the
the heart and
‘ people suffering from diabetes, an
an
illness in which the body cannot cope
with glucose [[sugar]
not
sugar] because it does not
produce enough insulin [hormone that
controls the
the level of sugar in the
the body]
°4 good at
atorkeen
on sports
or keen on
5
the
the rate at which your body digests food
°6 Body Mass Index —– the amount of
offat
fat in
your body, as
asaa proportion of your weight
7
determined to
^8 quick and
and energetic
3
2,3
Sport
metaphors
Sport and
and fitness
fitness metaphors
the report. Now
II scored
scored an
an own
own goal
goal when
whenI I told my
my boss it had
had only taken me
me aa day
day to write the
Now she
she
wants me
to write several
week. [tried to
to gain an
for myself rather
wants
me towrite
severalaa week.
an advantage, but made things worse formyself
than better]
better]
My
to be moving
the goalposts, which makes it very difficult to
to know what he
My boss always seems tobe
moving thegoalposts,
wants. [changing the rules]
wants.
The new
to provide
field for
The
new EU
EU laws
laws aim
aim to
provideaa level
level playing
playing field
for all
all member
member states.
states. [fair situation]
situation]
He’s
too young
young tobe
to be in
the running
for such a job.
job. [seriously considered]
considered]
He's too
inthe
running forsucha
The two
two main
the election
the opinion polls.
The
main parties
parties in
in the
election are
are still
still neck
neck and
and neck
neck in
intheopinion
polls. [level with each other
and
to win]
and equally likely to
Politicians
skate arounda
around a subject.
subject. [don’t
Politicians often
often skate
[don't talk directly about]
The students
sailed through
through their
their exams.
The
students all
all sailed
exams. [passed very easily]
114
114
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
54.1
54.1
Rewrite the underlined
underlined parts
parts of
of the
using words and expressions
expressions fromAA and
andBB
Rewrite
the sentences using
opposite.
opposite.
11 Eggs and
and shellfish are
are full of
of substances that keep our
health.
bodies healthy.
22 Foods witha
of cholesterol are fine if eaten in
with a lot of
moderation.
33 These foods do
do not necessarily cause
causeaa danger to health.
4 4 The
not to
The most important thing is not
to slow down orprevent
or prevent
the flow of blood.
55 Fatty plaque can block the arteries.
6 6 Scientists recommend
recommendaa diet with lots of fibre.
7 7 Running is
isa a good form of
ofexercise
exercise that affects the
the heart
and blood circulation.
circulation.
and
8 8 Fast
aFst walking is also good foryou.
for you.
99 Jogging is
isa a great way
use calories.
way to use
10 To
do enough of
ofthis
don't have to be
10
To do
this kind of exercise, you
you don’t
aa lover of sport or good
eood at
atit.
it.
54.2
54.2
Answer thequestions.
the questions.
11 What two serious illnesses can
can result from clogged blood vessels?
22 What word could you
‘withaa lot of’?
you connect to these words before the hyphen to
to mean ‘with
.........
-fibre
........................... -energy
........................... -calorie
3 3 What word could you
‘withaa lot of’?
you connect to these words after the
the hyphen tomean
to mean ‘with
vitaminprotein- . ... ... .
44 Why
and oatmeal good forourdiet?
Why are lentils and
for our diet?
5 5 What is another way
of saying ‘He is determined to do
do more exercise’?
way of
6 6 Which people might be interested
interested in helping their insulin to
to work more effectively?
7 7 What abbreviation is used to talk about the amount of
offat
fat in someone's
someone’s body?
88 What canyou
can you increase or speed up by exercising?
54.3
54.3
What sports
each of
the metaphors
from?
What
sports do
do each
ofthe
metaphors in
inCC come
come from?
54.4
54.4
Rewrite these
using metaphors
metaphors from
C.
Rewrite
these sentences
sentences using
from C.
11 Elsa passed her exams without any
any difficulty at all.
2 2 I I wish he’d
he'd get directly to the
the point.
for the job of supervisor.
33 I’ve
I've been told that they are seriously considering me
me forthe
4 4 I I didn't
do myself any
any favours whenI
soII could borrow
didn’t do
when I offered to help with the washing-up so
Dad’s
do it every night!
Dad's car. Now
Now my
my parents expect me
me to do
night!
The situation is hardly fair when 18-year-olds take the same exam as
15-year-olds.
5 5 The
as15-year-olds.
66 It’s
It's hard to know what todo
to do when theregulations
the regulations seem tobe
to be constantly changing.
The two
two candidates are in exactly the
the same position in the
the race to become President.
77 The
54.5
54.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
•• How
How much exercise do
do every week?
do you
you do
•• What type(s) of exercise do
do you
do?
you do?
• • Do
Do you
how to
you know how many calories you
you burn? (There are websites that tell you
you how
to
calculate this for the
the activities you
you do.)
you think you
you could improve your diet? How?
• • What about diet? Do
Do you
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
115
55
Industries: from manufacturing to service
A
and industrial practices
Industries and
expression
explanation
opposite expression
explanation
heavy industry
e.g. steel works,
shipbuilding
making things, e.g.
consumer goods
involving computers,
e.g. software industry
new and
and
involving new
innovative technology
e.g. selling off state
railways to private
companies
light industry
car
e.g. manufacturing car
parts, TV
TV sets
service industry
serving people, e.g.
tourism, banking
no
involving little or
or no
computer technology
using standard,
proven technology
when industry
bythe
is owned by
the
government
manufacturing industry
high-technology (hightech; informal)
cutting-edge
technology
privatisation
privatisation
low-technology (lowtech; informalj
informal)
conventional
technology
nationalisation/ / state
ownership
Many big
bigindustries
are run
run as
as public-private
public-private partnerships.
partnerships. [partly state-owned, partly owned by
byprivate
Many
industries are
private
businesses]
industries or businesses]
The
nuclear industry
industry receives
receivesaa huge
huge subsidy
government. [money/grants which enable it toto
The nuclear
subsidy from
from the
the government.
profits
stay in profit]
The
government tries
encourage inward
inward investment.
investment. [investment from foreign companies]
companiesj
The government
tries to
to encourage
B
Industrial practices
example
explanation
ofthe
piecework.
Most of
the factory workers are on
on piecework.
they are only paid for the
the amount they produce
they are employed byaa company, but
butthe
the number
and some
of hours they work each week may vary, and
weeks there may
may be
be no
no work for them, so they
no pay
pay
receive no
the
ofchildren
the employment of
children to do
do adult jobs
now work on zero hours contracts,
Many people now
which means they have no job security.
isa a serious problem in some
Child labour is
countries.
aa union that negotiates wages and conditions for
In many countries, the
the right to
to trade union
representation has only come after long struggles. the
the people it represents
areproduced
Many cheap electrical goods are
produced in
sweatshops in poorer countries.
and reskilling are
are necessary when an
Retraining and
economy is modernised.
factories where people work very long hours for
low wages
low
training people for new
new jobs and
and teaching them
new skills
new
The
big multinationals
multinationals'1 often
often close
close factories
asaa cost-cutting
exercise22 and
and relocate
relocate33 and
and switch
The big
factories as
cost-cutting exercise
switch
4
production° to
countries where
labour and
and costs
costs are
are cheaper.
cheaper.
production
to countries
where labour
In many
many cases,
cases, components
forcars
are imported
imported and
and then
assembled66,, rather
rather than
manufactured
In
componentss5 for
cars are
then assembled
than manufactured
in the
country.
in
the country.
bigcompanies
big
companies with operations in many different
countries
z 2 effort to
to reduce their costs
3
"move
move thecompany's
the company’s offices (or, less commonly,
production) toa
to a different place
i1
116
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
°4 move thecentre
the centre of manufacturing toaa different place
5
parts
° 6 put
put together
Exercises
55.1
55.1
Useexpressions
inAA opposite to rewrite
rewrite the
underlined parts
parts of these
Use
expressions from thetable
the table in
the underlined
sentences with more
more appropriate vocabulary.
11 The
on businesses like restaurants and
and hotels. We
The economy cannot depend only on
We need to
to
can sell.
encourage industries that make thines
things we
we can
2 2 In this area, there are
areaa lot of industries that use
use computers and
and thines,
things, while in the
the north, they
don't use
use such up-to-date technology.
depend more on industries that don’t
33 The
latest innovative technology is very expensive, so the company has
hastorely
on existing,
existin
The latest,
to rely on
standard technology.
44 The
bytheGovernment
The idea that industries should be owned by
the government is less popular than it was, but the
trend towards selling off these industries has
has slowed down.
55 Industry with big
bie factories producing thines
and so
so on
on has
has declined, and
and now
now we're
things like steel and
we’re more
and furniture.
dependent on industry that makes thines
things like radios and
55.2
55.2
Give words or
orexpressions
mean:
Give
expressions which mean:
11 aa combination
combination of
of state ownership and
and private ownership
22 payment or
orgrant
grant from the government which enablesa
enables a loss-making industry to continue
33 investment in
ina a country by foreign companies
44 system of
of paying employees only forthe
for the amount they produce
55 an economy that depends on factories producing large quantities of cheap goods based on
on long
and low wages
hours and
66 tochange
areproduced
two answers.)
to change the location where goods are
produced (Give two
T7 to train people for
fornew
and teach them new skills (Give
[Give two
two answers.)
new jobs and
88 aa big company with operations in many different countries
99 an
an effort to
to reduce costs
10 using children to do
do adult jobs
10
an employment contract which does not
notguarantee
orpayevery
11 an
guarantee you
you work or
pay every week
55.3
55.3
Here
some more
expressions relating
to problems
industry. Make
you know
Here are
aresome
more expressions
relating to
problems in
inindustry.
Make sure
sure you
know
what they
they mean,
then use
them tofill
to fill the
the gaps
the sentences
sentences below.
what
mean, then
use them
gaps in
inthe
below. Use
Useaa dictionary
dictionary if
if
necessary.
necessary.
black market
copyright infringement
money laundering
industrial piracy
industrial espionage
isa a serious problem in many parts of the
is
the world, with factories producing
illegal copies of top
top brand names.
22 It was
new aircraft were photographed
wasa a serious case of .......................................... . The
The designs forthe
for the new
and sold toa
illegally and
to a rival company.
33
isa a problem forpeople
makeaa living writing books. Illegal editions
is
for people who
who make
no payment.
mean that the author receives no
44
isa a huge international problem, as police and
and banks trytotrace
is
try to trace money
and terrorism.
from the illegal drugs trade and
55 There is
isa a big
big ......................................... in the
importation of untaxed luxury cars in some countries.
the importation
countries.
11
55.4
55.4
0Over
v e r tto
o you
•• What kinds of industries have you worked in? Which would you like to
to work in? Why?
•• Would you buy an item if you
you believed child labour was
was involved in its manufacture? Why
Why//
Why
Why not?
•• Would you buy illegal imitations of famous designer brands? Why
Why// Why
Why not?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
117
56
Technology and its impact
A
B
Technological advances affecting daily life
technology
examples of uses/applications
example sentences with associated key words
digital technology
digital photography, digital video
and audio recording; digital
and
broadcasting
wi-fi
satellite
communications
aa system for connecting electronic
devices to the internet without
using wires
[SATNAV]
satellite navigation [SATNAV]
systems; mobile phones
The sound quality of
ofaa digital voice recorder
an analogue one.
is superior to that of an
[non-digital]
[non-digital]
The
has wi-fi in every room.
The hotel has
biotechnology
modification of plants
genetic modification
artificial
intelligence (AI)
automatic translation;
identification systems
ergonomics
design of environments so
efficiently
and
people can work eff
iciently and
comfortably
Bluetooth'"
Bluetooth™
connecting electronic devices to
no wires
each other with no
She doesn’t
doesn't use
useaa road map
map now
now because her
her
She
new
has GPS
new car
carhas
GPS (global positioning system)
so she
she gave me
me her old plug-in SATNAV.
built in, so
areexperimenting
Biotechnology companies are
experimenting
with new, disease-resistant crops for farmers.
[witha a high level of protection
protection against diseases]
[with
are hoping to create
Scientists working in AI
AI are
computers that will be
be more and more like the
the
human brain.
This car has
has ergonomically designed seats.
[designed to give maximum comfort and
and
[designed
efficiency]
efficiency]
My car
has Bluetooth, so
soI I can
my
My
car has
can connect my
phone tothespeakers.
to the speakers.
How much of
How
ofaa techie”
techie* are you?
[*
who loves acquiring all the
the new
technology]
[“ person who
new technolog
y1
Today we
we are
all to
to some
technology. How
these
Today
areall
some degree
degree dependent
dependent on
on technology.
How many
many of
ofthese
things do
you own
or use?
things
do you
own or
use?
aa smartphone
smartphone [a mobile phone that can
can be
be used asaa small computer]
for your mobile
aa hands-free
hands-free earpiece
earpiece and
and microphone
microphone foryour
mobile
card forentering
for entering your
your workplace
workplace or
aa smart
smart ID
IDcard
or college
college
aa laptop
laptop (computer)
(computer) or
or notebook
notebook
for the home
office
aa desktop
desktop computer
computer forthe
home or
oroffice
an MP3
MP3 player
player
an
console
aa games
games console
tablet using
touchscreen, such
aa tablet
usingaa touchscreen,
such as
as an
an iPad
iPad
an
an e-reader,
e-reader, such
such as
asaa Kindle
Kindle
an interactive
interactive flat-screen
an
flat-screen TV
TV
to let
you connect
to the
the internet
from diff
erent devices
devices
aa router
router to
let you
connect to
internet from
different
Language help
technically) means relating to
Technical (adverb = technically)
to the
the knowledge, machines and materials used in
and industry, e.g. Removing
Pemoving the
thesalt
isa a technically complex process.
science and
salt from sea water is
Technological (adverb = technologically) means relating to or involving technology, e.g.
way behind ours. Note that technically –- NOT
NOT technologically –—
Technologically, their company isa a long way
can also be
be used to mean according to an
an exact understanding of the facts, e.g. The
The recession is
can
technically over but things are still difficult
difficult for manypeople.
many people.
See also
also Unit
Unit 48.
See
48.
118
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
56.1
56.1
Based on
onAA opposite, what types of
oftechnology
associate with the following?
Based
technology would you associate
11 aa round-the-world yachtsman/woman trying to establish his/her exact position
22 aa designer creating
creatingaa new
new type of computer keyboard which would be more efficient and
and
comfortable to use
33 aa scientist producing
producingaa new
new type of
ofwheat
not need to
wheat which does not
to be sprayed against insects
4 4 aa camera that produces photos that you
can store on
onaa computer or
oryour
you can
your phone
55 aa computer that can
can make decisions for
for itself
6 6 a a music player in your car
carthat
can connect your phone towith
no wires
that you
you can
to with no
56.2
56.2
Which type of
ofdevice
inBB opposite is
is the
about?
device in
the speaker talking about?
11 I I prefer it to
my mobile because it’s
it's much bigger, but
but it’s
it's still not
not too
to my
too heavy to carry around.
I I can
can Skype on it and
and take photos with it.
it.II can
can access my
my emails whereverI
am. I I just can’t
can't make
wherever I am.
ordinary phone calls.
2 2 The
and it’s
it's fun
atthesame
The picture is really good quality and
fun being able to send in comments at
the same time as
you're
you’re watchinga
watching a programme.
33 It’s
It's pretty small and
and light, but
but the
and keyboard are
are not very big
big and
andII find the
the screen and
the trackpad
more awkward tousethana
to use than a mouse.
44 I I always use this rather than my
my laptop when I’m
I'mathome;I
on a a special table in my
my room
at home; I have it on
my printer.
next to my
5 5 I I used to have totake
now II don’t
don't need to.I
to take so many books whenI
when I went on holiday but now
to. I just have
to remember my
my charger!
66 I I changed its position and
and now
now I I can
can get
get online from any room in the
the house.
56.3
56.3
Here
some other
other words
words and
and phrases
with computers.
computers. Not
them are
are
Here are
aresome
phrases connected
connected with
Not all
all of
of them
on
the opposite page.
the gaps
gaps in
the sentences.
on theopposite
page. Fill
Fill the
inthe
sentences. Use
Useaa dictionary
dictionary if
if necessary.
necessary.
computer nerd
app
app
thumbnail
icon
screensaver
trackpad
techie
footprint
11 There are
aresome
can look at
at
some good pictures of the
the Olympic Games on that sports website. You
You can
and then click on
on them toseethefull-size
pictures and
to see the full-size version.
22 My
My younger brother’s
brother'saa real ............................ . He
He never goes out, and
and all he
he ever thinks about is
computers, computers, computers.
e mobile
Ve getting the
op phone
one or digital camera.
3 I’m a bit of a
really; I love
theflatest
tt my phone.
44 I’ve
l'vedbw
f adedaa great new
ne gaming
gt tnj
.an
h nh
downloaded
onto
S
t
£' II
CO O picture of the
h E' night sky.
k
5 His
on his laptop
is£la really
cool
66 This
Hh is new
new printer’s
printer's got
oh a smaller
a er' . ..r . .!!y. . .’th
on e Ilhhad
'gdbebefore,
f re, which is good, since my
my
than th
the one
not very big.
desk is not
7 7 Just click on
on that ........................... there to open theprogram.
the program.
88 I I don't
on my
my laptop; I’d
I'd preferaa proper mouse.
don’t really like this ........................... on
56.4
56.4
Complete the
beginning with
with ‘techn…’
‘techn...’ in
in each
each sentence.
Not all
need
Complete
the word
word beginning
sentence. Not
all the
the words
words you
you need
areon
page.
are
on theopposite
the opposite page.
job asaa lab
techn
in the
the university.
11 Karl got
gotaa good jobas
labtechn...........................
techn
become adults at the
the age
2 2 In this country, young people techn...........................
age of 18.
techn
makes huge advances every year.
3 3 Computer techn...........................
4 4 Andrea hasaa very interesting techn...........................
for
techn
for remembering vocabulary.
celebrities have usually been techn...........................
techn
enhanced.
55 Publicity photos of
ofcelebrities
56.5
56.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
The language and
and terminology connected with computers changes very quickly. If you
you want tokeep
to keep
and magazines, or else visit the
up with it, read computer advertisements in newspapers and
the websites of
well-known hardware and
and software manufacturers, and
and note any
any new
new vocabulary and
and how
how it is used.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
119
57
Technology of the future
A
Technology
Here
things we
we are
to see
in the
the future.
future.
Here are
are some
some things
are likely
likely to
see more
more of
ofin
• t •
smart•buildings/homes
and homes where things like lighting, heating,
computer-controlled buildings and
security, etc. are
are completely automatic; the adjective smart can be used for
(e.g.a a
anything that uses computers or information stored in electronic form (e.g.
smartphone, smart TV,smart
TV, smart car)
•
interplanetary
travel
and space tourism
travel to planets in outer space, either for exploration or for tourism
•
• •_
nanotechnology
science of developing and
and producing extremely small tools and
and machines by
ofatoms
controlling the
the arrangement of
atoms and molecules
whichaa very small hole is made in
ina a person’s
person's body toreach
medical operation in which
to reach
the organ or tissue inside
• surgery
_
keyhole
B
The
and nature
nature
The environment
environment and
AA doomsday
doomsday scenario
scenario forthe
environment sees
sees our
our destiny
destiny as
asaa world
choked with
pollution, where
for the environment
world choked
with pollution,
where
many plants
plants and
and animals
animals have
have become
become extinct.
many
extinct. [the worst possible prediction, what will happen in the
the
future] [the things that will happen tous
to us in the
the futures
future]
Many experts
experts foreseea
situation where
in mega-cities
mega-cities becomes
becomes completely
completely gridlocked.
Many
foresee a situation
where traffic
traffic in
gridlocked.
of more than 10 million people]
peoples [unable to move at
atall]
[think that something will occur in the
the futures
future] [cities of
all]
The
population explosion
explosion may
may lead
lead to
and water
shortages. [rapid increase in
The population
to widespread
widespread food
food and
water shortages.
populations
population]
Genetic modification/engineering
modification/engineering is
is already
already used
used to
change fruit
and vegetables
so that
Genetic
to change
fruit and
vegetables so
that they
they
grow better.
better. However,
However, many
many people
people object
object to
idea of
of genetically
modified (or
(orGM)
grow
to the
the idea
genetically modified
GM) food/crops.
food/crops.
by changing the genes of
ofthe
ingredients]
[changing genes] [food/crops created by
the ingredients]
Gene therapy
be used
used to
eradicate some
some diseases,
diseases, thanks
our knowledge
knowledge ofthe
human
Gene
therapy will
will be
to eradicate
thanks to
to our
of the human
genome. [changing genes in order to prevent disease or disability]
disability] [the ‘map’
’map’ or index of all the
ina a
genome.
the genes in
beings
human being]
Some people
people envisage
envisageaa world
in which
babies will
be popular.
popular. [seea a possible or probable
Some
world in
which designer
designer babies
will be
situation in the
are artificially createdj
situation
the future] [babies whose genetic characteristics are
created]
Cloning of
ofanimals,
and even
even human
human beings,
beings, may
may become
become common.
common. [makingaa genetically identical copy]
Cloning
animals, and
C
Society
and people
people
Society and
The
has already occurred in some countries.
countries. In
The breakdown ofthetraditional
of the traditional family structure has
future, the
may no
no longer be
be the main type of
the nuclear family’
family1 may
of family unit, and
and more loosely defined
increase, affecting how
how things are produced and
relationships will develop. Globalisation22 will increase,
and sold,
what we
how we
becomeaa global village*
we buy and how
we communicate. The
The world has become
village3 and
and we
we will have
may even make contact with extraterrestrial
more and more contact with other people in it. WeWe may
beings°.4. The
and poor nations will widen if wewe dodo not
not take drastic measures
measures°6
beings
The gulf’
gulf5 between rich and
now to
situation.
now
to improve the situation.
i1
family with father, mother and one or
ortwo
two children
z 2 increase of trade around the world, with companies producing and
and trading goods in many different countries
ofsimilar
and cultural behaviour around theworld
or the spread of
similar social and
the world
*a3 a single community covering the whole world
° 4 creatures from other planets
5
gap/difference
^ 6 severe actions that have noticeable effects
120
120
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
57.1
57.1
Match the words tomake
Match
to make collocations.
collocations.
11 gridlocked
22 genetic
3 3 human
4 4 population
55 global
57.2
57.2
Q
Q
Q
aa explosion
bb village
cc traffic
dd genome
ee modification
Usethecollocations
in 57.1
57.1 to rewrite
rewrite the
Use
the collocations in
the
underlined parts
parts of the
underlined
the sentences.
11 Asia underwent
underwentaa dramatic increase in the
the population in the
the latter part of the
the 20th century.
22 The
had been subject to having its genes
eenes altered.
The crop had
3 3 Since the advent of
ofthe
the internet, the
the world has become one single community.
44 Times when thetraffic
cancost
the traffic cannot move can
cost the
the economy millions of pounds.
55 Scientists now
now understand how
how the human genes
eenes are
are composed.
57.3
57.3
What do
we call:
What
do we
call:
1 1 a a huge city with more than 10 million people?
people?. .. ...... .. ...... .....
2 2 medical operations wherea
where a very small hole is made in someone's
someone’s body?
33 the science of making very small tools and
and machines by controlling atoms and molecules?
44 making an exact genetic copy of
ofsomething?
something?
55 creatures from other planets? .... ......... ...... .. ..
6 6 thethe process of altering human and
andanimal
genes?. .. ...... .. ...... ....
animal genes?
7 7 thethe things that will happen tous
to us in the
the future? ...
8 8 a a baby whose genetic features have been chosen by its parents?
57.4
57.4
Rewrite the
underlined words
inthese
using expressions
page.
Rewrite
the underlined
words in
these sentences
sentences using
expressions from
from theopposite
the opposite page.
11 The
The worst possible prediction is that we
we will destroy the world with nuclear weapons.
22 Travelling to other planets for
exploration will become normal in the
for scientific exploration
the coming centuries.
33 He
He belongs toaa team ofscientists
are trying to improve our understanding of
ofthe
of scientists who
who are
the index of all
the
eenes in
ina a human being.
beine.
the genes
4 4 Governments need to
haveaa great
ereat impact to save the planet.
to do thines
things that will have
55 Many people see in their imagination
imaginationaa world in which the poor simply get poorer. (Give
(6ive two
two
answers.)
57.5
57.5
Which
phrases from
opposite page
page are
areassociated
with these
Which words
words or
or phrases
from the
the opposite
associated with
these sentences?
sentences?
11 These tomatoes will stay fresh for several months. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2 2 A A typical family is often said to consist ofa
and 2.4 children.
of a husband, wife and
33 This sheep is identical in absolutely every respect to the sheep standing next to it. ..........................
4 4 Thanks tothis,
may be
be able to cure some genetic diseases.
diseases.. .. .. .. .. ... .. ...
to this, doctors may
5 5 The
becomingaa very small place in terms of
ofeconomics
The world is becoming
economics and communication.
66 The
on the Moon. ..........................
The company is planning to market two-week holidays on
57.6
57.6
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Write five sentences about how
how you envisage the future. Consider the future in terms of
of
technology, the environment and society.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
121
58
Energy: from fossil fuels to windmills
A
Fossil fuels
Fossil fuels
and animal remains
Fossil
fuels are sources of energy which were formed underground from plant and
millions of years ago.
Several
wells1 were
were constructed
the desert
year.
Several new
new oil
oilwells'
constructed in
in the
desert last
last year.
22
Offshore
and gas.
Off
shore drilling platforms explore the ocean bed foroil
for oil and
Older, coal-fired"
coal-fired3 power stations generally cause high levels of pollution.
The
coal mines
mines°4 in the
no longer profitable.
The coal
the north of the country are no
A A new
new gas
gas pipeline
pipelines5 was
was built to
to bring cheaper energy to the capital city.
hole made in the
the ground for the
the removal of
oil
ofoil
ataa distance from the coast
away from or at
3
"using
asaa fuel
using coal as
1
22
B
° 4 deep hole or system of
of holes under the ground from
Wwhich
hiCh co
il
S removed
remoVed
coal
iis
5
or gas
very large tube through which liquid or
gas can
can flow
for long distances
Renewable energy
energy
Renewable
Renewable energy is energy that can be produced again as quickly as it is used.
Onshore wind farms to get
new government subsidies
1
2
Tidal power6 and
wave power7 may
meet future energy
needs
Solar panels3 to
be installed on all
government buildings
Government to focus on
renewables8, Minister
announces
Hydroelectric4 power
station to be closed down
Biomass5 not
the answer,
claims Energy
Minister
Three new nuclear9
power stations to be
built
Geothermal10 energy will last 1,000 years, says scientist
‘1 on theland
[opp. ——= offshore)
the land (opp.
offshore) 22 group ofwind
of wind turbines that
are used forproducing
for producing electricity 3 devices that change energy
from the sun into electricity ^ 4 producing electricity by
by the
the force
of fast-moving water such as rivers or
or waterfalls 5 dead plant
6
and animal material suitable for using as fuel "using
and
using the force
of the
the sea
sea tide to produce energy 7 using the force of waves in
8
the
sea to
be
the sea
to produce energy "note
note that renewable can also be
9
used asaa countable noun "using
using the power produced when
thenucleus
an atom is divided or joined to another nucleus
the nucleus of an
the earth
°10 using the heat inside the
C
Using energy
energy
Using
Common mistakes
Take care
care with
with the
the spelling
spelling of
Take
of
N T energie or
F energi).
6energy
'TtC'r
(NOT
What can
canordinary
do to
consumptioni1??
g› ( °
°
!
ordinary citizens do
to reduce energy consumption
Some simple
simple things
include using
using fewer
power-hungry22
Some
things include
fewer power-hungry
appliances33 around
around the
home, monitoring
monitoring°4 your
use ofelectricity
and consuming’
less energy
energy by
by
appliances
the home,
your use
of electricity and
consuming5 less
switching off
offunnecessary
lights and
and entertainment
entertainment systems
systems that
use power
power while
on standby.
standby. Is
Is your
switching
unnecessary lights
that use
while on
your
6
caraa gas-guzzler
gas-guzzler°?
about changing
changing to
more energy-efficient’
model. Think
more about
about food
car
? Think
Think about
toaa more
energy-efficient7 model.
Think more
food
miles
that fuel
fuel consumption
the transporting
transporting of
We
miles8 and
and buy
buy local
local products,
products, so
so that
consumption in
in the
of goods
goods is
is reduced.
reduced. We
can
carbon footprint
footprint99 by
travel more
can also
also reduce
reduce our
our carbon
by planning
planning travel
more carefully
carefully and
and cutting
cutting out
out unnecessary
unnecessary
journeys. Remember,
the world’s coal,
finite11M;one
; one day
day they
they will
will run
so
journeys.
Remember, theworld's
coal, oil
oil and
and gas
gas deposits
deposits'100 are
are finite
run out,
out, so
think now
you can
to consume less.
think
now about
about what
what you
can do
do toconsume
less.
1
7
how much is used of
ofsomething
how
something
using onlyaa little electricity, gas, etc.
ofenergy
usingaa great amount of
energy
equipment, especially electrical equipment, used in
thehome,
the home, e.g. washing machines, fridges
° 4 regularly watching and
and checking something overaa
period of time
5
using (e.g. energy, time), especially in large amounts
° 6 one
one that uses
usesaa lot of
of fuel; informal
22
3
122
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
^8 distance food is transported from where it is
produced to when it reaches the consumer
9
"measurement
oftheamount
ofcarbon
measurement of
the amount of
carbon dioxide that
your activities
activities create
create
110
° layer formed under the ground, especially overaa
very long period
M
11
having
end or
time
having an
an end
or lasting
lastinga a limited
limited time
Exercises
58.1
58.1
Choose words
words from the box
box towrite
labels for these pictures.
pictures.
Choose
to write labels
solar panels
58.2
58.2
wind farm pipeline
1
22
44 ....................................................
55
offshore drilling platform
coal mine
33
Rewrite the underlined
underlined parts
parts of
of the
using words fromAA and
andBB opposite.
opposite. Make
Make
Rewrite
the sentences using
anyother
changes necessary.
necessary.
any
other changes
11 AA new
new 100-kilometre metal tube has been built to
eround for
to bring oil from the holes in the
the ground
for
on the
extracting oil in the
the north of the country toaa refinery on
the coast.
22 The
one that uses coal, but
but it will soon be replaced by
byaa plant that uses atomic
The power station is one
science.
33 Fire has
has broken out on
onaa drilling platform in the
the sea.
4 4 Power from the tide or from waves could solve the
ofcountries
the energy problems of
countries with extensive
coastlines. Other parts of the
may be able to use energy from the heat inside the
coastlines.
the world may
the earth.
5 5 ‘Energy
‘Enerey sources that can
can be
be renewed are
areimportant,’
‘We intend to
important,’ the
the Prime Minister said. ‘We
for people to install devices that turn the heat of
ofthe
sun into electricity,
electricity, as
as well as
give grants for
the sun
eroups of
ofturbines
on the land that use
use wind.’
developing groups
turbines based on
66 The
use of dead plant material and
and power
two main energy sources: the
the use
The country is developing two
use the force of rivers. At
stations that use
At the
the same time, inefficient deep holes forextracting
for extracting coal will
be closed.
gradually be
58.3
58.3
Complete the sentences with words fromC
from C opposite.
11 We
and vegetables and
and tryto
We should consider the issue of ........................... when shopping forfruit
for fruit and
try to
buy local produce.
buy
22 Most recent models of
ofwashing
and other domestic ...... ......... ......... use
use less power than
washing machines and
arequite
older comparable models and are
quite
.
33 The
by allowing fewer foreign trips and
and encouraging
The company is trying to reduce its ........................... by
the use of
ofvideo-conferencing.
video-conferencing.
44 This car is
isa a real ........................... - ..
..
.. . . It has
has a a very high fuel
.
5 5 We're
our energy use at
at home and
andtrying
We’re ... ......... ......... ... our
trying to.
to ......... ............... less power.
66 The
containsaa ..... ......... ...... .... amount of
ofoil
and coal. One
One day
day the
will
The planet only contains
oil and
the
run out.
run
58.4
58.4
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Write a short composition of
the present and
Writea
of about 75–100
75—100 words on the
and future energy sources your
country uses now and is likely to develop in the future. Use words and expressions from this unit.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
123
59
Space: no room to swing a cat
A
Things
lotofspace
Things occupyinga
occupying a lot
of space
word
typical contexts of use
extensive
Edinburgh has extensive traffic-free routes.
The
The building contains extensive educational facilities.
facilities.
spacious
aa spacious garden
roomy
roomy
aa roomy
roomy car
car
The
roomy.
The house was
was roomy.
rambling
rambling
aa large, rambling
rambling building
aa rambling
rambling mansion
The
and green.
The city of Washington is spacious and
II like
like Canada
Canada because
becauseII love
love wide
wide open
spaces. [large areas without buildings or trees]
open spaces.
Little white
cottages were
across the
landscape. [randomly across
acrossaa wide area]
Little
white cottages
were scattered
scattered across
the landscape.
The
problem with
university is
is that
buildings are
are rather
rather spread
and it
it takesa
long time
The problem
with this
this university
that the
the buildings
spread out
out and
takes a long
time
to
one place
place to
another. [not close to one
another]
to getfrom
get from one
to another.
one another]
Jack's bedroom
bedroom is
is large,
large, with
ample room
room for
all his
his things.
Jack’s
with ample
for all
things. [more than enough space]
Language help
canbeused
Can you
forme?
Room can
be used as an uncountable noun tomean
to mean space, e.g. Can
you make room/space for
me?
There's plenty of
ofroomyspace
The sofa takes
to/res up
up a a lot of room/space.
There’s
room/space here. The
room/space.
B
Insufficient
Insufficient space or things occupying too smallaa space
space
word
› . contexts
eI typical
of use
cramped
cramped
poky; informal
cramped hotel rooms
cramped
cramped apartments
living in small, cramped
two
poky little
little rooms
rooms
two poky
aa poky
poky little
little flat
flat
congested
congested
tanker traffic on
on the
congested waterway
the congested
thecongested
of traffic, people, etc.]
etc.]
the congested streets [full of
compact*
aa tiny, compact refrigerator
a a compact, low, white villa
*compact
the table suggest negative connotations.
“compact has positive connotations,
connotations, whereas the other words in the
connotations.
C
Other words
expressions
Other
words and
and expressions
the carnival,
to her
by the crowds.
crowds.
II saw
saw her
her at
at the
carnival, but
but II couldn’t
couldn't get
get to
her because
becauseII was
was hemmed
hemmed in
inbythe
[surrounded
[surrounded by people and
and not able to move]
The city
tourists at
this time
time of
year. [lots of
of people busily moving around]
The
city centre
centre is
is always
always bustling
bustling with
with tourists
at this
ofyear.
There isn’t
to swingaa cat
in his
informal]
There
isn't enough
enough room
room toswing
catin
his flat.
flat. [the flat is very small; informal
We
packed in
inlike
on the
bus. [too many people in
ina a small space; informa
We were
were packed
like sardines
sardines on
the bus.
informal]
The
are an
an absolute labyrinth.
labyrinth. [[/'1abarin0/
and complex]
The government offices are
/ˈlæbərɪnθ/ vast and
The river
the boundary
the estate. [the edge of
The
river marks
marks the
boundary of
oftheestate.
ofaa large space]
We created
the rear
our property.
We
created more
more space
space by
by building
building an
an extension
extension at
at the
rear of
of our
property. [back]
In these
conversations, speaker
speakerBB paraphrases
paraphrases what
Note the
in bold.
bold.
In
these conversations,
what speaker
speakerAA says.
says. Note
the verbs
verbs in
A:
There were
16 of
ofus
inaa minibus
minibus that
seated 10,
10,and
it was
long journey.
A: There
were 16
us in
that seated
and it
wasa a long
journey.
B: Yes,
all crammed
into that
forover
five hours!
hours!
B:
Yes, we
we were
were all
crammed into
that tiny
tiny space
space for
over five
A:
There's not
not much
much room,
room, is
is there?
Can II sit
sit between
between you
and Mark?
Mark?
there? Can
you and
A: There’s
B:Yes,
can squeeze
inbetween
us.
B:
you can
squeeze in
between us.
Yes, you
A: You've
You’ve invited
of people
to your
your party
A:
invitedaa lot
lot of
people to
party and
and it’s
it's only
onlyaa small
small room.
room.
B:
Yes, it
ofaa squash!
B:Yes,
it might
might be
beaa bit
bitof
squash!
A:
ShallII put
put all those old papers into this rubbish bag?
A: Shall
B: Yes, just stuff
in and
and we'll
and
B:
stuff them all in
we’ll take it away later. (it suggests doing something quickly and
without much care)
124
124
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
59.1
59.1
Choose the
most likely
likely word from the
box tofill
gaps, based
based on
Choose
the most
the box
to fill the
the gaps,
on the typical contexts
given in
inAA andB
given
and B opposite.
compact
cramped
spacious
poky
extensive
roomy
11 You'd
me to live in that ........................... little flat!
You’d never get me
2 2 I’d
I'd preferaa ........................... car
car on
on a a long journey.
33 This camera is nice and
and . .......................... . You
can hide it in your pocket and
and not look like
likea a tourist.
You can
4 4 Her
Her mother lived in
ina a rather ........................... one-room apartment near the park.
5 5 The
The city centre is beautifully ........................... with many wide open squares.
66 The
has a(n) ........................... underground railway network.
The capital city has
59.2
59.2
Imagine you
are an
an estate agent
agent writingaa description ofa
house forsale.
Decide which
Imagine
you are
of a house
for sale. Decide
ofthe
initalics
is most
most suitable to persuade
persuade someone tobuythehouse.
Useaa
of
the words in
italics is
to buy the house. Use
dictionary for any
any words you are
arenotsure
of.
dictionary
not sure of.
10 Kingsmead Road,
10
Letchwood
Ofiers
Offers in the
the region of E620,000
£620,000
59.3
59.3
Theproperty
romd/ing/spacious/cl
The property is rambling
/ spacious / a labyrinth,
witha
cramped/compact/poky
and
with a cramped
/ compact / poky garden, and
is situated only ten minutes away from the
bustling/congested/crowdedtown
bustling
/ congested / crowded town centre.
There areexcessive/extensive/expensive
are excessive / extensive / expensive leisure
facilities nearby. Shops, banks, restaurants and
and
other services are located in the
the pleasantly
designed neighbourhood.
Viewing by appointment.
Rewrite the sentences using
using the words in
inbrackets.
Rewrite
brackets.
11 The
so small you
can hardly move in it. (cat)
(CAT)
The kitchen is so
you can
2 2 There's
plenty of
of space
space foryour
clothes in
in this
(AMPLE)
There’s plenty
for your clothes
this wardrobe.
wardrobe. (ample)
33 I I couldn't
out of my
my space in the
car park the other day. (hemmed)
(HEMMED)
couldn’t get out
the office car
44 Holidays in Australia are
are great if you
(OPEN)
you love vast landscapes without any towns. (open)
55 I I hate the London underground during rush hour. Everyone is pressing against one
one another in
the
(SARDINES)
the trains.
trains. (sardines)
66 I I droppeda
and tiny pieces went all over the floor. (scatter)
(sCATTER)
dropped a glass and
77 The
buildings in
in the
holiday complex
complex cover
coveraa wide
area. (spread)
(SPREAD)
The buildings
the holiday
wide area.
88 The
but I I just managed togeton
(sqUEEZE)
The train was
was very full but
to get on before the doors closed. (squeeze)
59.4
59.4
Using words fromB
andCC opposite, rewrite
rewrite the
underlined parts
parts of these sentences.
Using
from B and
the underlined
11 There might be
beaa lot of
on the bus at
atthis
ofday
don't mind.
of people on
this time of
day —I
– I hope you don’t
22 I I quickly puta
andaa couple of
of books in
ina a rucksack and
and set
put a few
few clothes and
set off at once.
33 The
arewhat
The Urals Mountains are
what separates Europe from Asia.
4 4 We'll
my little car; Larry hasn’t
hasn't got his with him
him today.
We’ll all have to tryand
try and fit into my
55 Your room is at
at the
ofthe
so you
the back of
the hotel, so
you won't
won’t hear any traffic.
6 6 I I don’t
don't think we
one suitcase. Let’s
Let's take two.
we should tryand
try and fit everything into one
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
125
125
60
Time: once in a blue moon
A
Informal expressions
expressions relating
relating to
Informal
to time
time
We
once in
inaa blue
blue moon.
moon. [very infrequently]
infrequentlyj
We only meet once
He's spent all
allhisborn
days in the
life]
He’s
his born days
the village. [all his life]
I'll be
be with you
inaa mo
mo // in
inaa sec/
inaa tick
in less
less than
I’ll
you in
sec / in
tick// in
than
no time
inaa jiffy.
(mo and
and sec
no
time// in
jiffy. [very soon] (mo
sec are short for
for
‘moment’
‘moment’ and
and ‘second’)
‘second’)
Clive’s
working here
for donkey’s
years// since
since the
the
Clive's been
been working
here for
donkey's years
year dot. [fora a long time]
We can
talk about
this till
till the
the cows
I’m
We
can talk
about this
cows come
come home,
home, but
butI'm
notgoing
my mind. [for ever]
not
going to change my
Are
Are you
you sure she
she gave you the book forkeeps
for keeps// forgood?
for good? [to keep forever]
for ever]
She turned up
up just in
in the
nick of
shevery
She
the nick
of time
time —
– she
very nearly missed the train. [only just in time]
He was
but now
now he’s
he's over
hill/ / past
past it.
it. [too old]
He
wasaa famous athlete but
over the
the hill
She was
but was
alreadyaa has-been
has-been by the age of
of20.[person
no longer famous]
She
wasa a child film star but
was already
20. [person who
who is no
Sue did her homework in
inaa flash/
ataa rate
rate of
knots. [very quickly]
Sue
flash / at
of knots.
B
C
Adjectives
relating to
passing of
of time
Adjectives relating
to the
the passing
time
adjective
meaning
common collocations
fleeting
or quick
brief or
glimpse, visit, smile, moment, appearance
lengthy
lengthy
continuing for
foraa long time
negotiations,
process, investigation, discussions, negotiations,
delays
transient
persistent
lasting for onlyaa short time; formal
effect, population, feeling, pleasure
lasting fora
for a long time or hard to stop
of
or get rid of
cough, problems, rumour, smell, accusations,
critic, offender, failure, gossip
inexorable
inexorable
ofbeing
continuing without hope of
being
stopped; formal
oftime
rise, slide, decline, pressure, advance of
time
incipient
just beginning; formal
panic, rage, rebellion, stages, wrinkles, dementia
protracted
lasting fora
for a long time or made tolast
to last
longer, formal
longer;
negotiations, discussions, argument
lingering
takingaa long time to leave or disappear
perfume, kiss, smile
Other useful
useful time
Other
time words
words
Terrorists
carried out
out simultaneous
simultaneous attacks
attacks on
on three
places in
in the
capital. [happening at
atthe
Terrorists carried
three places
the capital.
the same time]
Schools were
closed forthe
duration of
ofthe
President's visit.
oftime
Schools
were closed
for the duration
the President’s
visit. [amount of
time that it lasted]
We
prolong the
meeting; we've
already discussed
discussed the
matter foran
hour. [make it
We shouldn't
shouldn’t prolong
the meeting;
we’ve already
the matter
for an hour.
longer]
last longer]
I'm sorry,I
can't change
change the
date at
at such
notice. [just
[justa a short time before it is due
due to
I’m
sorry, I can’t
the date
such short
short notice.
to happen]
The
repeatedly warned
her exam.
exam. [many times]
The teacher
teacher repeatedly
warned thestudent
the student that
that she
she would
would fail
fail her
126
126
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
60.1
60.1
Putthewords
inthecorrect
order to make
make sentences.
Put
the words in
the correct order
11 since/ / they've/
in/ / dot
dot
they’ve / same// living/ / the/
the / house// year// the// been// in
2 2 you
sec/ / I’ll
I'll/ / with/
in/ / be
be
you/ / sec
with /aa// in
3 3 to/
Magda// it/ / John
John// for
to / keeps// Magda
for// gave
44 no
no// we/
in/ / together// get
get// less/ / can
can/ / done// it/ / than
we / time// in
55 never
never// all/ / he’s
he's/ / his/ / been// than/
born// town// further/
in/ / the
than / nearest// born
further / days// in
the
6 6 nick// we
hospital/ / got
got/ / in
in/ / to/
of// the
we/ / hospital
to / time// the// of
60.2
60.2
Which oftheadjectives
inBB would you be
be most
most likely
likely to
use to
describe the following?
of the adjectives in
to use
to describe
11 aa scent that remains in the
the room after its wearer has left
2 2 a a feeling of joy
joy that is short-lived
33 criticism that seems togo
to go on and on
44 aa headache that is beginning
55 aa process that takesa
takes a long time
66 the never-ending ageing process —– you
can't stop its progress
you can’t
77 aa grin that lasts only for
foraa moment
88 an
aninvestigation
investigation that takesa
takes a long time to complete
60.3
60.3
Match
the adjectives
the left
with the
the words
the right to
to make
collocations.
Match the
adjectives on
on the
left with
words on
on theright
make collocations.
11 lingering
22 fleeting
33 incipient
44 inexorable
55 persistent
66 simultaneous
7 7 protracted
88 transient
60.4
60.4
aa events
bb population
cc glimpse
dd smile
ee peace negotiations
ff refusal
gg stages
hh advance of
oftime
time
Rewrite these
keep the
meaning, using
usingaa form
in
Rewrite
these sentences
sentences so
so that
that they
they keep
the same
same meaning,
form oftheword
of the word in
brackets.
brackets.
11 We’ll
We'll be
be ready to leave in
ina a mo.
mo. (less)
the members of
the band may
they’re certainly not
2 2 Most of
ofthe
oftheband
may be in their sixties, but
but they're
not past it. (hill)
(hill)
You can
for ever, but
3 3 You
can argue with him
him forever,
but he’ll
he'll never see sense. (cow)
44 Harry promised he’d
he'd get here at
ataa rate of knots and
and he
he kept his word. (flash)
work. (repeat)
5 5 I’ve
I've told her
her many times not to phone me
me at
atwork.
(repeat)
The two
two events happened at
the same moment. (simultaneous)
6 6 The
atthesame
The hotel staff were very good; they let me
just a short time before. (notice)
77 The
me cancel the reservation
reservation justa
didn’t want tomake
to make themeeting
the meeting last longer. (long)
8 8 I I didn't
9 9 He
He had
had his moment of
offame.
Now he’s
he's no
no longer famous. (be)
fame. Now
10
The press were excluded during the delicate negotiations.
10 The
negotiations. (duration)
60.5
60.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
•• Would you like to
donkey's years?
to work for the
the same company for donkey’s
•• What could you
do happily till the
you personally do
the cows come home?
you think it’s
•• Do youthink
it'sa a good thing to spend all your born days in one
one place?
•• Can
Can you
do once in
ina a blue moon?
you think of something that you
you do
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
127
61
Motion: taking steps
A
B
Verbs
of movement
movement
Verbs of
verb
type of movement
reasons for type of movement
limp
uneven
leghurts
one leg
hurts
hop
hop
on one foot, quickly
one foot
not using one
stagger
unsteady
drunk, ill
stumble
nearly falling
uneven surface
lurch
sudden or
or irregular
drunk, ill, walking on
on moving ship, etc.
tiptoe
and on
quiet and
on toes
not to
be heard
not
to be
amble
amble
easy, gentle
no special aim
aim
pleasure or relaxation, no
stride
long steps
purposeful
strut
proud, chest held out
to look important
tramp
firm, heavy steps
walking for
foraa long time
trample
pressing repeatedly with feet
often, wishing to destroy
stamp
pushing foot down heavily
anger, or just heavy-footed
trudge
heavy, slow, with difficulty
tired
chase
quickly
wanting to catch something or someone
Metaphorical examples
examples of
ofmotion
Metaphorical
motion
The
maths lesson
lesson limped
limped to
conclusion and
and everyone
everyone thankfully
left the
room.
The maths
toaa conclusion
thankfully left
the room.
Let's hop
hop off
off the
bus at
at the
next stop.
stop. [quickly get off]
Let’s
the bus
the next
Miguel's business
business staggered
and then
collapsed.
Miguel’s
staggered on
on for
foraa few
few years
years and
then finally
finally collapsed.
Lisa did
did staggeringly
in her
her exams.
exams. [amazingly]
[amazingly]
Lisa
staggeringly well
well in
The
government has
has lurched
lurched from
one economic
economic crisis
crisis to
next.
The government
from one
to the
the next.
Maria takes
everything that
life throws
at her
her in
inher
... calmly]
Maria
takes everything
that life
throws at
her stride.
stride. [takes …
Parents and
and teachers
on children’s
children's dreams.
dreams.
Parents
teachers should
should trynot
try not to
to trample
trample on
If the
Campbells don’t
don't pay
pay their
bill this
have to
chase them.
If
the Campbells
their bill
this week,
week, you'll
you’ll have
to chase
them.
After
attempts at
at writing,
had aa poem
poem published.
published.
After several
several stumbling
stumbling attempts
writing, Theo
Theo finally
finally had
C
People
and water move
People and
move in
in similar ways
Crowds of
oftourists
across the
square all
all day
day long.
long.
Crowds
tourists flowed
flowed across
the square
As
as theschool
doors opened,
opened, children
children spilled
spilled out
out into
into the
playground.
As soon
soon as
the school doors
the playground.
People streamed
into the
lecture hall
hall and
and soon
soon there
standing room
room only.
only.
People
streamed into
the lecture
there was
was standing
People have
have been
been pouring
pouring into
into the
exhibition all
all day.
day.
People
the exhibition
AA trickle
of people
people appeared
appeared outside
outside and
and by
by midday
middayaa crowd
crowd had
had gathered.
gathered.
trickle of
We
meandered round
round the
shopping to
our hearts’
hearts' content.
content.
We meandered
the town,
town, window
window shopping
to our
Refugees have
have been
been flooding
across the
border since
since the
start of
Refugees
flooding across
the border
the start
of the
the war.
war.
D
Taking
Taking steps
steps
When
(foot)steps. Here
Here are
aresome
adjectives often
often used
used with
(a)step(s)
in
When youwalk
you walk you
you take
take (foot)steps.
some adjectives
with taking
taking (a)
step(s) in
a a metaphorical
metaphorical context:
context:
backward
big
critical
decisive
first
giant
backward
big
critical
decisive
first
giant
major
significant
unprecedented [never having happened before]
beforej
major
significant
unprecedented
Common mistakes
When talking metaphorically, people take backward/decisive, etc. steps (NOT footsteps).
128
128
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
61.1
61.1
The walking verb in
ineach
is incorrect.
incorrect. Which verb would be
beaa better
better
each ofthese
of these sentences is
choice for
Look at
help you.
choice
for each sentence? Look
atAA to
to help
11 The
man strutted wearily homeward, his shoulders hunched in the
The old man
the rain.
2 2 The
The mother trudged across the bedroom, doing her best not to wake thebaby.
the baby.
33 Look at
atall
all those baby rabbits stamping across the field!
4 4 Ever since he
he had
had an
an accident last year, he
he has
has stamped
stampedaa bit.
5 5 The
men strode unsteadily out
pub at closing time.
The drunken men
out of the
the pub
66 Please try
on the daisies –— they look so pretty in the
try not to stumble on
the grass.
7 7 The
dog tramped after the
leg in his teeth.
The small dog
the postman and caught his trouser leg
88 The
sea was
so rough that even the sailors were tiptoeing around the decks.
The sea
was so
61.2
61.2
Answer these questions
questions about
about the sentences in
inBB opposite.
opposite.
11 How
How successful and
and enjoyable was
was the maths lesson?
22 Did Miguel’s
Miguel's business come to
toaa sudden end?
33 Did
Did people expect Lisa to do
so well in her
her exams?
do so
44 Does thegovernment
and purposefully?
the government seem totake
to take each crisis smoothly and
55 What kind of person do
do you
you think Maria is?
6 6 What do parents and
and teachers do
do to children’s
children's dreams if they trample on
on them?
77 How
How exactly might this person chase the Campbells?
88 How
How confident were Theo's
atwriting?
Theo’s first attempts at
writing?
61.3
61.3
atthewater
ineach
inC.
Look at
the water words in
each ofthe
of the example sentences in
C. What does the word
suggest
the way
way the
the people
those sentences
suggest about
about the
people in
inthose
sentences are
are moving?
moving?
61.4
61.4
Complete these
C,using
Complete
these sentences
sentences witha
with a word
word from
from C,
using the
the appropriate
appropriate form.
form.
The new
11 The
new traffic system allows vehicles to ........................... across the city without major disruptions.
disruptions.
the talk that some were ........................... out
the corridor.
22 There were such
suchaa lot of
of people at
atthe
out into the
corridor.
3 3 When
WhenI I have
haveaa day off,
off,I I like to
to ........................... around town withouta
without a care in the
the world.
just a ........................... of
44 We
We expected to be very busy during the sale, but
but there was
was justa
of people
throughout the day.
As soon as thegates
the gates opened, people started ........................... into the
the football stadium.
55 As
two answers.)
(Give two
6L5
61.5
Here are
aresome
more verbs
of movement.
movement. Complete
Completeaa table
like the
one in
inA A
Here
some more
verbs of
table for
for them
them like
the one
opposite. Use
Useaa dictionary
dictionary if
if necessary.
necessary.
opposite.
verb
type of movement
reason for type of movement
file
saunter
sidle
glide
mill around
61.6
61.6
Which
inexercise
61.5 would
people probably
probably do?
Which oftheverbs
of the verbs in
exercise 61.5
would these
these people
do?
11 graceful
graceful dancers
dancers .. ..............................................................................................................................................................
2 2 guests
guests at
ataa cocktail party
party ................................................................................................................................................
3 3 schoolchildren going into
intoa a classroom
44 someone who
who is irritatingly anxious to make you
you like them .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ..
5 5 tourists exploring
exploringaa city in
ina a relaxed way
way .................................................................................................................
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
129
62
Manner: behaviour and body language
A
Manners
Courtesy is still important nowadays. [politeness and
and respect]
Courtesy
The
courteous. [polite and
and respectful]
The teacher said her students were always very courteous.
She addressed the customer in
ina a very discourteous
discourteous manner. [impolite and
and lacking respect]
respect]
She
II hope
hopeII didn’t
didn't appear oWhand
it's just thatI
was in sucha
[showingaa rude lack of
offhand with her —– it’s
that I was
such a hurry. [showing
others]
interest in others]
The
boy had
had an
an insolent
insolent expression
expression on
on his
hisface
me. [rude and
and not showing respect
The boy
face which irritated me.
discourteous)j
(much stronger than discourteous)]
What's
Do you know? I’ve
I've had
had an
an invitation to
What’s the etiquette
etiquette ataa traditional Chinese wedding? Do
to one.
situations]
[set of rules or customs for accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social situations]
no need tostand
on ceremony.
ceremony. [behave in
ina a formal way]
Here, haveaa seat. Relax —– there's
there’s no
to stand on
My elderly uncle and
and aunt are
are both rather straitlaced.
straitlaced. [having old-fashioned
old-fashioned and
and fixed morals]
My
Asking formore
ataa formal dinner party is just not
not the
done thing.
do in
for more food at
the done
thing. [what you
you are expected to do
a a social situation]
situation]
When taking part in online discussions, always follow netiquette
netiquette and
and keep your comments brief.
internetj
[code of behaviour when using the internet]
Language help
ivianners,
one another socially, is plural, e.g. We
We need to
toemploy
Manners, meaning theway
the way we
we behave with one
employ
statwith
ivianner (singular) isa a more formal alternative to
staff with goodmanners
good manners (NOT good-manner).
good manner). Manner
He greeted everyone ina a friendly manner.
‘way (of doing something)’, e.g. He
B
and non-verbal language
Body language and
Research shows
communicate more
more through
body language
language and
and non-verbal
non-verbal noises
noises than
Research
shows that
that we
we communicate
through body
than we
we
are aware.
aware. Here
Here are
aresome
examples of
ofhow
indicate emotion
emotion through
our non-verbal
non-verbal behaviour:
behaviour:
are
some examples
how we
we indicate
through our
130
verb/expression
what it indicates
comment
raise your
eyebrows
twitch
flinch
squirm
smirk
beam
sniff at something
surprise or shock (either showing
orcausing)
or
causing)
eithera a person or behaviour can raise eyebrows
nervousness
repeated small movements with part of the
the body
pain or fear
snort
disgust or great amusement
titter
nervousness or embarrassment
sudden small movement
an awkward way
move from side to side in an
smile (negative associations)
associations)
associations)
broad smile (positive associations)
ina a way
breathe air in through your nose in
way that
makesaa noise
makes
an explosive sound by forcing air quickly
make an
up or down your nose
up
small laugh
or nervousness
embarrassment or
self-satisfaction
happiness
disapproval
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
62.1
62.1
Complete the sentences with words fromAA opposite.
Complete
11 AA light kiss on
on each cheek is the
the ........................... thing in some cultures when youmeet
you meet someone you
know.
22 Some people don’t
don't seem tofollow
any kind of ........................... when posting messages on social
to follow any
and often post offensive or bullying material.
network sites and
33 She
She was
and hardly looked at
at me
me when she
shereplied.
was very ........................... and
replied.
4 4 Joanna and David always taught their children to have good . .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .
5 5 We
don't stand on
on ........................... in this house –— just help yourself to anything you
We don’t
you want from the
the
fridge.
6 6 I’m
I'm sick of your ........................... comments. It’s
It's time you
you learnt to speak politely to
to people.
You're
You’re so rude!
77 For
Foraa young person, she’s
she's very ........................... and
and old-fashioned
old-fashioned in her
her ideas and
and behaviour.
88 The
The school considers it important that students should always address their teachers in
a a ........................... manner. Anyone who
ina a ........................... way
be reported to
who behaves in
way will be
the Director.
62.2
62.2
Answer these questions.
questions.
11 Jamie was twitching all evening. Do
Do you
he was
you think he
was relaxed?
22 Kate sniffed at every commentII made atthe
How did Kate feel about my
my comments?
at the meeting. How
33 Jack flinched when
whenII touched his arm. Why
do you
he flinched?
Why do
you think he
4 4 The
The teenagers’
teenagers’behaviour
few of the other passengers’eyebrows.
behaviour on
on the bus raisedaa few
passengers’ eyebrows. What must
theteenagers'
the teenagers’ behaviour have been like?
5 5 Look at
thephoto;
ivieg's smirking and
and Tanya’s
Tanya's beaming. Who
at the
photo; Meg’s
Who does thespeaker
the speaker think looks
Meg or Tanya?
nicer —– Meg
66 There was
was an
an occasional titter at
the comedian’s
comedian'sjokes.
Do you
at
at the
jokes. Do
you think the comedian was
was pleased at
how his jokes were received?
how
77 Ritva squirmed in her
was in the
the paper. How
How do
do you
her chair when Karl said her photo was
you think Ritva felt?
8 8 Their children had
had dreadful table manners. How
How do
do you
you think the children behaved during meals?
What sorts of things did they probably do?
do?
62.3
62.3
Choose
the best
word tocomplete
to complete each
of these sentences.
Choose the
best word
each ofthese
sentences.
11 Brendan sniffed| / snorted with laughter all through the play.
2 2 Whenever I’m
I'mtired
or nervous, my
my eyelid starts to
twitchl / flinch.
tired or
to twitch
3 3 Don’t
Don't keep Iquirmingl
and behave yourself.
squirming / smirking in your chair like that –— sit still and
4 4 The
Iwitchedl/ tittered when theteacher
the teacher tripped over the wastepaper basket.
The students twitched
55 The
as soon as
as he felt me
me flinch
flinch| / snort.
The dentist stopped drilling as
6 6 She
She twitched
Iwitchedl/ beamed with happiness all through the wedding ceremony.
62.4
62.4
Draw lines
lines connecting
and expressions
right with
with the
parts of
body
Draw
connecting the
the words
words and
expressions on
on the
the right
the parts
of the
the body
mostly involved
involved in
inthe
behaviour.
mostly
the behaviour.
eyes
eyes
mouth
mouth
nose
nose
no specific
specific part
part of
of the
body
no
the body
titter
smirk
snort
flinch
twitch
raise your eyebrows
sniff
squirm
beam
62.5
62.5
Over to
to you
Over
who is going to live and
and work in your country asks you
Imagine that someone who
you about what is
be good/bad manners and about codes of
ofetiquette
considered to be
etiquette in your culture. What
things would you consider important to tell them?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
131
6Š
63
Sounds:
Sounds: listen
listen up!
up!
A
B
Adjectives indicating lack of sound and their collocations
word
definition/explanation
example
silent
without noise or not talking; used for
for
and things that are perhaps
people and
unexpectedly or surprisingly quiet
They asked him
him several questions but he remained
silent.
The
The house was
was completely silent.
silent films/movies [films made before sound was
was
introduced]
introduced]
quiet
without much noise or activity, or
or not
not
talking much
It's very quiet here at
at night. [no
[no noise]
It’s
II had
had aa quiet
quiet day
day at
atwork.
activity]
work. [not much activity]
My dad
dad was
quiet man. [didn’t
[didn't speak
speakaa lot]
My
wasa a quiet
noiseless
noiseless
without noise (usually used as an
adverb in formal or literary style)
He closed the door noiselessly
noiselessly behind him.
He
no sound at
atall]
[with no
all]
soundless
soundless
without sound (usually used as an
adverb in formal or literary style to
an unexpected lack of sound)
indicate an
Was
an alien spacecraft?
Was it an
The
The object vanished soundlessly
soundlessly into the
the night sky.
Verbs
noises
Verbs fordescribing
for describing specific
specific noises
The
door slammed
in the
wind. [closed witha
The door
slammed in
the strong
strong wind.
with a loud bang]
My bike
bike wheel
is squeaking.I
need to
getsome
oil. [high, irritating noise]
My
wheel is
squeaking. I need
to get
some oil.
We
could hear
hear our
neighbours' favourite
rock music
music pounding
pounding through
We could
our neighbours’
favourite rock
through the
the walls.
walls. [dull, beating sound]
The
old wooden
door creaked
creaked as
asII opened
opened it.
it. [noise of friction of wood and/or metal]
The old
wooden door
The
sausages sizzled
in the
pan and
and smelt
smelt delicious.
byfrying]
The sausages
sizzled in
the frying
frying pan
delicious. [sound made by
frying]
A A shot
shot rang
rang out
and the
bird fell
out and
the bird
fell from
from the
the sky.
sky. [typically used for the
the sound of
ofaa gunshot]
From our
ourcottage,
could hear
hear the
crashing on
on the
beach below.
below. [loud, heavy noise,
From
cottage, we
we could
the waves
waves crashing
the beach
typically used forwaves]
for waves]
He always
always hoots/toots
hoots/toots his
hishorn
let us
us know
know he’s
he's arrived.
arrived. [sound made by
byaa car
He
horn to
to let
car horn]
II could
could hear
hear police
police car
car sirens
all last
last night.
night. [makingaa rising and
and falling soundj
sirens wailing
wailing all
sound]
She hammered
hammered at
atthedoor
but nobody
nobody answered.
answered. [knocked very loudly and
and repeatedly]
repeatedly]
She
the door but
C
Some adjectives
noise and
and silence
Some
adjectives for
for noise
silence
There
an eerie
in the
old church.
church. [rather scary]
There was
was an
eerie silence
silence in
the old
The
noise of
of the
aircraft engines
engines was
deafening. [extremely and
and painfully loud]
The noise
the aircraft
was deafening.
He has
has one
of those
grating voices
gets on
on my
my nerves.
nerves. [unpleasant, irritating]
irritatingj
He
one of
those grating
voices that
that gets
She let
let out
out a a piercing
piercing scream
and fled
as fast
as she
could. [high noise that hurts the
She
scream and
fled as
fast as
she could.
the ears]
Zara has
hasaa very
high-pitched voice;
it can
can be
be a a bit
bit irritating
irritating at
at times.
Zara
very high-pitched
voice; it
times. [higher than most voices,
likea a whistles
like
whistle]
The
recording was
almost inaudible.
inaudible. [impossible to hear]
The recording
was very
very faint,
faint, almost
D
Some
fixed expressions
with noise
silence
Some fixed
expressions connected
connected with
noise and
and silence
Everyone was
shocked and
and silent,
have heard
heardaa pin
pindrop.
silence]
Everyone
was so
so shocked
silent, you
you could
could have
drop. [there was
was total silence]
Hey, you
kids! Be
Be quiet!I
hear myself
myself think!
noises
Hey,
you kids!
quiet! I can't
can’t hear
think! [said when people are making too
too much noise]
II need
need peace
peace and
and quiet
afteraa busy
busy day
day at
atwork.
and quiet period, aftera a noisy time]
quiet after
work. [calm and
You're
as quiet
asaa mouse!
mouse!II didn’t
didn't hear
hear you
come in
in at
at all.
all. [very quiet indeed]
You’re as
quiet as
you come
132
132
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
63.1
63.1
Fill the
appropriate forms, adjectives
adjectives or
or adverbs,
adverbs, of
of the words silent, quiet,
Fill
the gaps with appropriate
noiseless or
or soundless. Only
Only silent may
may be
be used
used more
more than once.
11 This luxury car prides itself on
on its almost ........................... engine.
22 It’s
It's very difficult to
to finda
find a ........................... place to live nowadays, even in the
the countryside.
33 Charlie Chaplin’s
Chaplin's ........................... films are
are as funny today as they were in the
the 1920s.
44 The
and rose ........................... into the
The great bird flapped its wings and
the evening sky.
5 5 The
upaa ........................... protest in front of the
laboratories.
The women kept up
the laboratories.
63.2
63.2
Writea
sentence which could come immediately
immediately before
before the following sentences, using
using
Write a sentence
verbs from the
box and theword(s)
in brackets,
brackets, as
as shown.
the box
the word(s) in
slam
pound
creak
crash
sizzle
out
ring out
toot
squeak
wail
slammed /•.loudly.
11 (door) .......The.•.. door
.•..•. z/•.zz.•.
.%........................................................................................................................................
The
The wind must have blown it shut.
22 (shot)
(shot).
on the
Somebody was firing at the
the birds on
the lake.
3 3 (door)
ofoakanddifficult
It was
was very old, made of
oak and difficult to
to open.
44 (music, walls)
as if the
our bedroom.
It was
was as
the musicians were playing in our
55 (chicken, frying pan)
The
The sound and thesmell
the smell made me even more hungry.
66 (rusty door hinges)
Iinges)
l I think they need some oil.
7 7 (horn)
I I looked out of
ofthe
hercarparked
the window and saw her
car parked outside.
88 (waves)
It was
was wonderful to be so near the sea.
99 (police sirens)
There must have been an accident, or perhaps
perhapsaa robbery.
63.3
63.3
Which adjective can
can describe the following? The
The first letter is given.
11 An
An extremely loud noise, e.g. very loud music
2 2 A A strange, almost scary silence
e that
ha hhurts your ears
rS
3 A high noise
hahhort
4 4 A harsh,
oouvoice
iea
irritating kin
kind of
55 A A voice that has
hasaa similar tone toaa whistle
6 6 A A whisper that is almost impossible to hear
63.4
63.4
dd ...........................
ee...........................
p
pg
hh ........................... -p
-p ...........................
i
Complete these
Complete
these expressions.
expressions.
was so
you could have ... ... .. .... ... .. .... ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... .
11 It was
so quiet you
2 2 I’ve
I've had
had some noisy, hectic days with all those kids, now
now I’m
I'm looking forward to some
.
!
33 Turn that music down!
down!I I can’t
can't
don’t even notice that Will is in the
the flat sometimes. He’s
4 4 I I don't
He's ...................................................................... .
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
133
64
Weight and density
A
Synonyms for
for heavy
There are
areaa number of
ofadjectives
adjectives similar in meaning toheavy.
to heavy. Note their typical contexts.
adjective
typical contexts
example
weighty
and physical things; usually includes
abstract and
the idea of ‘seriousness’
‘seriousness’
and physical things; usually includes
abstract and
the idea of ‘difficult to
to handle’
often used for machines and equipment that
are difficult to
to handle; also used for systems,
structures, etc.
ofabstract
usually used of
abstract things
slow and
of weight, but usually
and clumsy because ofweight,
and excessively serious abstract
used for dull and
things
of physical things; often
usually used of
suggesting ‘heavy movement’
aa weighty tome [large book]
discuss weighty issues
unwieldy system/bureaucracy
an unwieldy object, e.g.
e.g.a a big
big box
box
an
a a cumbersome weapon
aa cumbersome process
unwieldy
cumbersome
burdensome
ponderous
lumbering
B
aa burdensome duty
way of
aa ponderous style, e.g. way
of
writing or speaking
aa ponderous thesis
a a lumbering truck
aa lumbering bear
Phrasal verbs with weigh
II hate
hate being
being weighed
down with
heavy suitcases
suitcases whenI
weighed down
with heavy
when I travel.
travel. [carrying very heavy things]
She looked
looked tired
and weighed
problems.
She
tired and
weighed down
down with
with problems.
We'll
have toweigh
up thealternatives
before deciding.
deciding. [consider and
and compare]
We’ll have
to weigh up
the alternatives before
She weighed
kilo of
of nuts
nuts and
and put
put them
ina a bag.
bag. [weighed
[weighedaa quantity of loose goods]
goodsj
She
weighed out
outaa kilo
them in
II have
have to
confess something
something toyou.
It's been
been weighing
me for
forages.
my mind]
to confess
to you. It’s
weighing on
on me
ages. [troubling my
The
discussion was
getting heated,
heated, and
and then
Kate weighed
inwith
some uncomfortable
uncomfortable financial
The discussion
was getting
then Kate
weighed in
with some
financial
arguments. [added more points to the argument]
arguments.
C
Making things
more/less dense
Making
things more/less
dense
You
can put
putsome
in to
but you
should sift
sift it
it first,
or it
it will
go lumpy.
lumpy.
You can
some flour
flour in
to thicken
thicken the
the soup,
soup, but
you should
first, or
will go
ina a sieve to separate the grains] [have solid pieces in it]
it]
[make thicker] [shake it in
The
soup has
has been
been in
in the
so long
long it’s
it's all
all congealed.
and solid]
The soup
the fridge
fridge so
congealed. [become thick and
This
curry powder
powder is
is years
old. It
It has
has completely
completely solidified
solidified in
in the
packet. [become solids
This curry
years old.
the packet.
solid]
Do you
have some
some white
spirit?II need
need tothin
paint. [make thinnerj
Do
you have
white spirit?
to thin this
this paint.
thinner]
As
rush hour
hour ended,
ended, the
began tothin
denser
As the
the rush
the traffic
traffic began
to thin out.
out. [become less dense]
The
hairdresser thinned
my hair
hair out
out and
and it
it feels
much lighter
lighter now.
now. [made it less thick]
The hairdresser
thinned my
feels much
This
is very
strong. Let’s
Let's dilute
it/ / water
it down
downaa bit.
bit. [add water]
This fruit
fruit juice
juice is
very strong.
dilute it
water it
D
Adjectives connected with density
Many
the words above
Many of
ofthewords
above can
can be
be used
used both
both literally
literally and
and metaphorically.
metaphorically. More
More examples:
examples:
word
meaning
literal use
metaphorical use
impenetrable
impossible to move
through
liquid cannot pass
through
an impenetrable jungle/
an
forest
an impervious material,
an
e.g. glass
impenetrable jargon
impervious (to)
134
134
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
a a person who
who is impervious
to criticism
criticism
Exercises
64.1
64.1
Based on
on the typical contexts
contexts in
inAA opposite, use
use the
inthebox
below tofill
in
Based
the words in
the box below
to fill the
the gaps in
the sentences. There may
may be
be more
more than one
one possible
possible answer.
answer.
lumbering
cumbersome
weighty
unwieldy
burdensome
ponderous
11 Applying for
oftenaa rather ........................... process and
and can
foraa visa is often
can mean filling in long,
difficult forms.
22 He
He gave
gaveaa very ........................... lecture on
on economic history that just bored everyone.
33 It is
isa a really ........................... historical novel of over 1,000 pages, but it manages toinstruct
to instruct
and entertain.
and
4 4 Seeingaa great ........................... herd of elephants was
on safari.
was the highlight for the
the tourists on
5 5 She
She had
had so
so many ........................... obligations; her
her life was
not her
her own.
was not
66 The exam system was
criticised for becoming ........................... and
and overly
was being increasingly criticised
bureaucratic.
bureaucratic.
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.3
Fill the
could collocate with all
all three nouns.
nouns.
Fill
the gaps witha
with a word fromAA that could
1
dinosaur
vehicle
goods train
33
22
equipment
procedure
suitcase
44
encyclopedia
encyclopedia
topic
issue
.........................
tone of
ofvoice
voice
sermon
narrative
Correct the wrong uses of phrasal verbs with weigh in
inthese
these sentences.
11 I I weighed on
onaa kilo of flour and
and then added water to it.
2 2 He’s
He's very irritating.
irritating. When you're
haveaa rational discussion, he
he always has to weigh
you’re trying to have
through with his own
own selfish point of view.
33 I I owe
it's been weighing over my
my mind forweeks.I
herback.
owe Gina £250; it’s
for weeks. I must pay her
back.
44 We
and bags, and
and the
We were weighed up with huge suitcases and
the airport was
was terribly crowded;
it was
wasa a nightmare.
s5 I I have to weigh in the
beforeI I decide which job to accept.
the various options before
64.4
64.4
Answer these
these questions.
Answer
questions.
11 What doesa
use thinning-out scissors for?
does a hairdresser use
2 2 Iflf there is dense fog, then it gets even denser, what verb could you
you use to describe the change?
33 What happens if you
ofyour
you leave some coffee in the
the bottom of
your cup forabouta
for about a week?
44 What does ‘Do
‘Do not
notdrink
onaa bottle of juice? What must you
drink undiluted’ mean on theinstructions
the instructions on
do before drinking it?
5 5 What might you
you sift when youarecooking?
you are cooking?
66 If someone is impervious to insults, is it easy to upset them by
by calling them stupid?
77 If something is ‘unwieldy’, is it likely to
be large or small?
to be
88 If someone says
saysaa book is ‘impenetrable’, what do they mean?
99 What do you think it means tosaythat
to say that someone's
someone’s philosophy is ‘rather lightweight’?
10 Which verb can be used to describe
describeaa situation where heavy traffic is becoming less heavy?
10
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
135
65
65
All the colours
the rainbow
Altthe
colours of
of the
rainbow
Words and expressions forspecific
for specific colours
A
ginger
pitch
pitch black:
black: intensely black, used about darkness, night, etc.
(pitch is an old word for tar)
jet black: intensely black, used about hair, eyes, etc.
(jet is a black semi-precious gemstone)
scarlet: very bright red
crimson: strong deep red
crimson
shocking pink: an extremely bright pink
ginger: orangey red, used about hair and animal fur
navy: dark blue, used about clothes, not eyes
turquoise: greenish blue, used about fabrics, paint, sea, etc.
but not usually eyes
shocking pink
lime: a bright yellowish green
beige:aa light creamy brown
beige:
mousy:
mousy:aa light, not
not very interesting brown, used only about hair
scarlet
chestnut:
chestnut:aa deep reddish brown, used about hair and
and horses
auburn:
auburn:aa red-brown colour, usually used about hair
words forgemstones
for gemstones are
also used as colour adjectives, e.g. ruby
A A number of
ofwords
arealso
ruby [deep red]
red],, emerald
emerald
amber [yellowy orange]
orange],, coral [orangey pink]
pink],, sapphire [deep blue]
blue],, jade [dark green]
greens..
[bright green],
green], amber
B
Words fortalking
for talking about colour
and yellow are primary
primary colours;
colours; by
by mixing them together you
can make other colours.
Red, blue and
you can
Pastel colours
colours are pale shades ofcolour
mauve [pale purple]
purples and
and pale yellow, for example.
Pastel
of colour —– pink, mauve
Strong colours are the opposite of pastels. Harsh
Harsh colours
colours are colours that are unpleasantly strong.
Strong
Vivid colours
colours are strong, bright colours like scarlet or turquoise. Fluorescent
Fluorescent colours are very bright
Electric blues or greens are extremely bright blues or greens.
colours which seem toglow
to glow in the
the dark. Electric
hasaa tinge of green, there is
isa a very slight shade of
ofgreen
monochrome,
If white has
green in it. If something is monochrome,
one (or
(orshades
ofone)
and grey. The
and -ish
-ish show
it uses only one
shades of
one) colour, e.g. black, white and
The suffixes -y and
thata
bluey green,
green, reddish
reddish brown.
brown.
that a colour is partly present, e.g. bluey
C
Colour
Colour metaphors
metaphors
blue = depression (to feel
blue); physical or unskilled
unskilled (blue-collar workers)
blue
feel blue);
workers)
red = anger (to see
red == to
be very angry); danger (red alert,
alert,aa red
red flag);
red
see red
to be
flag); special importance
red-carpet treatment.
day we
met will always be
beaa redred(All the
the competitors were given the red-carpet
treatment. The
The day
we met
letter day
day for me.); communist or
orvery
(People's views sometimes become less
letter
very left-wing in politics (People’s
red as
as they get
getolder.)
red
older.)
green = nausea (to look
look green)
green and sometimes vomit.);
green
green) (People who
who are seasick often turn/go
turn/go green
green with
herfriend's
new car.); care forthe
envy (She turned green
with envy
envy when shesaw
she saw her
friend’s new
for the environment
Green Party)
Party)
(green tourism;
tourism; the Green
black = depressing or without hope (a black
black future);
as black
black as
as thunder);
black
future); anger (to look as
thunder); illegality
or incorrectness (black market,
market, black
black sheep
black mark)
mark) (During the war
or
sheep ofthefamily,
of the family, black
war people
on the
black market.
market. IfII don’t
don't finish this report in time, that'll
be
bought many goods illegally on
the black
that’ll be
black mark
mark against my
my name. My
My brother was
black sheep
ofthefamily,
another black
was the black
sheep of
the family, leaving
and home at
attheearliest
opportunity.)
school and
the earliest opportunity.)
grey = lack of clarity (a grey
matter, grey
grey cells)
grey
grey area);
area); brains (grey matter,
cells)
white
as snow,
white = purity (white as
snow, whiter
whiter than
than white);
white); being pale (She was
was so shocked that she
she went
white
asaa sheet.);a
[terrifying] ride at an
an amusement park such as Disneyland;
white as
sheet.); a white-knuckle
white-knuckle [terrifying]
office workers (white-collar workers)
workers)
136
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
65.1
65.1
Match the colour
colour to the picture
picture it
it is
is most
most likely
likely to
be used
used about.
Match
to be
navy
scarlet
1
65.2
65.2
ginger
2
turquoise
3
chestnut
4
5
66
Putthewords
inthebox
Put
the words in
the box under the best heading.
ruby
emerald
coral
red
65.3
65.3
pitch black
sapphire
lime
scarlet
blue
navy
jade
crimson
turquoise
green
Answer
questions about
about the
inB.
Answer these
these questions
the words
words in
B.
11 Which of
ofthefollowing
not a a pastel colour?
the following is not
AA mauve
BB pink
CC scarlet
2 2 Which of
ofthefollowing
can't be
be described as electric?
the following colours can’t
A A black
BB green
CC blue
33 Which of
ofthefollowing
isa a primary colour?
the following colours is
AA green
BB orange
CC yellow
44 Ifa a speaker comments thata
that a lipstick is ratheraa harsh red, what does thespeaker
the speaker think of
the lipstick?
A A She
She likes it. B B She
She doesn’t
doesn't like it.
C C WeWe don't
not giving an
an opinion.
don’t know —
– she's
she’s statinga a fact not
55 Which is the
ofaa bright pink material?
the closest synonym of
A Aaa material witha
BBaa vivid pink material
CCaa pinkish material
with a tinge of pink
65.4
65.4
Look at
atCC opposite.
opposite. Match
Match the
situations on
on the
left with
responses on
on the
right.
Look
the situations
the left
with the
the responses
the right.
11 That child looks
looksaa bit green.
2 2 He
He seems tohave
to have the blues most days.
33 That TV programme always makes him seered.
see red.
4 4 It’s
It'sa a bit of
ofa a grey area, isn’t
isn't it?
5 5 They seem tobetrying
to be trying to blacken his name.
66 Do
Do you
you like white-knuckle rides?
77 White-collar workers earn more.
88 They're
forthe
They’re going to vote for
the Green Party.
65.5
65.5
aa No, they make me
me feel sick.
bb Yes, it’s
it's not
not at
at all clear what we
we
should do.
cc Yes, but
but they need qualifications.
d d II think he’s
he's going to be sick.
ee Yes, they want todo
to do their bit for the
the
environment.
f f Yes, he
he can’t
can't stand the presenter.
gg Yes, ever since his wife left him.
hh II wonder what they've
they’ve got against him?
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Look up thecolours
the colours below in
new and
useful expressions in
ina a dictionary.
dictionary. Write down any
anynew
anduseful
example sentences of your own, e.g. That sharp corner isa a terrible black spot Tor
for road accidents.
black
white
red
blue
yellow
green
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
137
66
66
Speed:
fast and
Speed: fast
and slow
slow
A
Going fast
Going
fast
These verbs suggest going somewhere very quickly on
on foot or in
ina a vehicle: dash, fly, race,
race, tear.
II dashed
dashed into the
up my
my books. She
She came flying out
out of her house.
house.II raced/tore
raced/tore to
the classroom to pick up
for the last train.
the station and
and just made it in time forthe
The
nip and
and pop
pop suggest goingaa short distance quickly, on
on foot or in
ina a vehicle:I
nipped/
The verbs nip
vehicle: I nipped/
popped into
intoaa near by shop to
popped
to buyaa bottle of water.
The
suggestsaa quick, sudden movement, often by
by an
an animal:
animal:AA dragonfly darted
The verb dart
dart suggests
darted past.
II darted
darted behind the door to
to hide.
The verbs zip
whizz are
often used about vehicles going quickly: The
The bus
whizzed/zipped past
The
zip and
and whizz
areoften
bus whizzed/zipped
me
to the
the bus
me just as
asII got
got to
bus stop.
The
bolt also suggests fast movement overaa short distance but
but it also has
has the
The verb bolt
the added
bolted when thealarm
association of running away from something: The
The thieves bolted
the alarm went off.
The
and is out
out of
of control: The
and
The verb career
career suggests that something is moving rapidly and
The car
car skidded and
careered down
downaa bank. The
careering into financial ruin.
careered
The company seems tobe
to be careering
The
scamper, scurry,
scuttle suggest small rapid steps, often used to describe the way
way aa small
The verbs scamper,
scurry, scuttle
saw mice scampering
scurrying
animal runs: As
As we
we went into the
the dark shed, we
we saw
scampering away and spiders scurrying
intoaa crack in the
into corners. Cockroaches scuttled
scuttled into
the floor.
These verbs emphasise the fact that speed is increasing: speed up,
up,accelerate.
accelerate. Accelerate is used
up can also refer to movement on foot. Both verbs can
can be used
only about transport, whereas speed up
figuratively:
up if we're
get there on
on time. The
ofthe
has
figuratively: We'd
We’d better speed up
we’re going to get
The growth of
the company has
accelerated since it started exporting.
accelerated
B
Going up
up or
or down
down fast
Going
fast
These verbs suggest
suggestaa downward movement, as
aswell
plunge, plummet:
plummet: He put
putona
well as speed: plunge,
on a
and plunged
plunged into the
lifejacket and
the icy water. Notice that they are mainly used metaphorically: When
ofbusiness
plummeted. After the
of his
export sales began to
to decline, our
our hopes of
business success plummeted.
the death of
father, he
he was
plunged into despair.
was plunged
These verbs suggest
suggestaa fast upward movement: rocket,
rocket, soar.
are mainly used
soar. Notice that they are
and have strong associations with financial matters such as prices and
and share values:
metaphorically and
When our
ourexport
rocketed, our hopes soared.
soared.
export sales rocketed,
The primary association of soar
soar is with birds, and
The
and when it is used about people’s
people's feelings it
provides associations of happiness and
soared whenI
when I heard that he
and being carefree: My
My heart soared
he
was
was coming home.
The opposite of soar and
and rocket
rocket in
ina a financial context would be slump or
ortumble.
tumble. Both suggestaa
(orplummeted)
plummeted) on thestock
rapid downward movement: Share prices slumped (or
the stock market yesterday,
with telecommunications companies tumbling most dramatically of all.
C
Going slowly
These intransitive verbs emphasise that the movement is slow: crawl, creep. They are
areoften
often used
creeping up
up since May. It was
and the traffic was
metaphorically: Prices have been creeping
was rush hour and
was
crawling along.
crawling
Totter
butit
one that is particularly unsteady as well: Mina
Totter also suggestsa
suggests a fairly slow movement, but
it is one
tottered
and bags.
tottered down theroad,
the road, laden with parcels and
Sidle
to walk anxiously and
sidled up
to
Sidle means towalk
and nervously:
nervously: Sam
Sam sidled
up to the boss’s
boss's desk and
and coughed to
attract his attention.
Dawdle means tomove
Don't dawdle
dawdle on the
Dawdle
to move more slowly than is necessary, or to waste time: Don’t
the
way home.
138
138
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
66.1
66.1
Answer these questions.
questions.
11 Would you be more likely to
had plenty of time or if you
ina a hurry?
to dash tothe
to the shops if you
you had
you were in
22 Ifa a car
car accelerates, does it speed up or
or slow down?
33 If you
areyou
you stop to look in shop windows, are
you scampering or dawdling?
44 If traffic
be crawling, is it moving freely or is therea
traffic is said to be
there a traffic
traffic jam?
55 If you
you plan to sell some shares, would you prefer their price to rocket or to tumble?
66 Ifa a woman is wearing particularly high heels, is she
she more likely to
to scurry or to totter?
7 7 Ifa a car
car slips on
on ice, is it more likely to
be said to career or to dart across the road?
to be
88 Who
do you
up to greet you
Who do
you think is feeling more confident –—aa person who
who races up
you or someone who
who
up to greet you?
sidles up
99 If you
are thinking of buying your first flat, would you prefer the
you are
the price of accommodation tobe
to be
up or to be soaring?
creeping up
10 We
saythat
eatfast
or slowly?
10
We sometimes say
that people bolt their food. Does this mean that they eat
fast or
66.2
66.2
Would you be
be pleased
pleased or not
not to read
read the following headlines
headlines in
inyour
newspaper?
your newspaper?
3
1
2
et
dg
Economic growth
bu
w
ne
in
et
ck
ro
Taxes
Shares plunge in uncertainty
tumbles to new lo
w
over US presidency
44
Hopes soar for m
Olympic medals ore
6
5
Jobless figures creep up
Profits plummet
66.3
66.3
Which do you think is
is the
best verb to fill each
each ofthese
gaps?
the best
of these gaps?
11 When thecar
out of
of control and
and
the car suddenly swerved to
to avoid hitting the
the dog, it ........................... out
intoa a tree.
crashed into
A A popped
BB bolted
CC careered
DD dashed
22 When she
sheswitched
on, she
she was
catchaa glimpse of cockroaches
switched the bathroom light on,
was horrified to catch
.......................... away into cracks in the
the tiles.
A A plummeting
BB scuttling
C C creeping
DD nipping
33 I’m
I'm going to ........................... into town in my
my lunch hour. Can
Can I I get
get you
you anything?
AA bolt
BB plunge
CC totter
DD nip
nip
4 4 If you
don't ..........................., , you'll
and be late for school.
you don’t
you’ll miss the bus and
A A accelerate
BB rocket
CC speed up
DD crawl
55 Meena’s
Meena's spirits ........................... when shelearnt
she had
had won
she learnt that she
won first prize.
A A plunged
BB soared
CC zipped
DD tore
66 When theboysawthefierce
the boy saw the fierce dog, he ........................... into the
the house.
AA dawdled
BB careered
CC tottered
DD bolted
77 I’m
I'm just going to ........................... toto the
box to
the letter box
to post these letters.
A A scurry
BB totter
C C plunge
DD pop
pop
the house, trying hard not to wake his parents.
88 Richard ........................... into the
A A soared
BB crept
CC scampered
DD accelerated
accelerated
The dog
the road.
99 The
dog suddenly ........................... out
out into the
DD soared
A A tottered
BB darted
CC plunged
10 We
the cars ........................... past on
We watched thecars
on the motorway.
AA whizzing
BB tumbling
CC popping
DD darting
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
139
67
67
Cause
Cause and
and effect
effect
A
‘Cause’ verbs
and their
‘Cause’
verbs and
their collocations
collocations
The differences
these verbs
verbs are
their typical
typical collocations.
The
differences between
between these
are best
best learnt
learnt by
by observing
observing their
collocations.
CauSe usually collocates with negative results
Cause
and
and situations.
The new
of
The
new computer system has caused us
usaa lot of
problems.
Hisstomach
His
stomach cancer was
was caused by exposure
to radiation.
sadness/unhappiness
cause
an illness, e.g. pneumonia
an
aa disaster/
an accident
disaster / an
and deals with more
Produce is more neutral, and
concrete results. It is used in formal contexts.
Scientists can
produce statistics and
can produce
and figures that
can
can prove almost anything.
of)) trouble/problems
(a lot of
aa report
.produce
,.
statistics/figures
Cooking the dish fora a long time ata a very low
low heat
produces the best results.
good results/ / evidence
While cause usually collocates with negative
situations, give can
can be
be used for positive or negative
ones. Give is less formal than cause.
Our
has given usaa lot of
Our dog
dog has
of pleasure over
of)) pleasure/happiness
(a lot of
•give
the years.
of)) trouble
(a lot of
This car is giving me
me so much trouble, I’m
I'm going to
get rid of
of it.
Genercite is often used in contexts where people
Generate
areforced
and in computer
are forced to do
do more than usual, and
contexts. It sometimes hasaa rather negative feel. It
is used in formal contexts.
It‘s going to be difficult to
It’s
to generate sufficient
interest in the
the project.
The
The government will have to generate the extra
funds somehow or
orother.
other.
aa reason/motivation for
for
something
good results
revenue/income/money
work /
complaints/ / extra work/
generate
controversy
graphics/documents
interest/enthusiasm/publicity
Language help
and give are often used for
forthings
The
Cause and
things happening without people doing anything, e.g. The
damage.
hurricane caused terrible damage.
and generate usually suggest some sort of intervention
intervention by
by people, e.g. His
Produce and
His presentation
generatedaa lot of interest in the
the project.
project.
B
Other ‘cause’
‘cause’ words
Other
words
The news provoked
provokedaa feeling of despair in everyone.
The
events precipitated
precipitated// sparkeda
political crisis.
crisis. [quickly, suddenly caused]
The events
sparked a political
The
invention of
of the
car brought
brought about
about great
great changes
changes in
in society.
society. [gradually produced]
The invention
the car
Your
action has
has resulted
resulted in
inaa formal
complaint froma
member ofthepublic.
[producedj
Your action
formal complaint
from a member
of the public. [produced]
His problems
problems stem
hisdifficult
difficult childhood.
childhood. [be
[beaa result of]
His
stem from
from his
Have you
any grounds
him? [[cause,
reason]]
Have
you any
grounds forsuspecting
for suspecting him?
cause, reason
The
proposal has
has implications
implications for
in the
area. [is likely to
resultsj
The proposal
for traffic
traffic in
the area.
to cause certain results]
My argument
argument is
is based
based on
data. [has been developed asaa result of
of== the
My
on theavailable
the available data.
the available data
basis for my
my argument]
argument]
provide the basis
140
140
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
67.1
67.1
Decide which verb from theopposite
page best
best fits each gap.
gap. There may
may be
be more
more than
Decide
the opposite page
one possible
possible answer.
one
11 The
by the government to
has ...........................a a lot of investment in
The decision by
to relax the
the regulations has
the
the poorer regions.
22 We
of names and addresses by six o’clock
o'clock tonight.
We need to
to ...........................a a list of
33 Her
Her death was
by a a sign falling froma
was ........................... by
from a shop front in the
the heavy winds.
44 The
Governor's remarks almost ...........................a a full-scale war
The Governor’s
war between thetwo
the two regions.
5 5 His stupidity ........................... in none of
ofus
us being able to get home that night.
6 6 Your letters have ........................... me
me so
so much pleasure. Please don’t
don't stop writing them.
77 The
The book ...........................a a lot of
of anger amongst female readers.
88 I I don't
but I I have some bad
badnews
don’t necessarily want to
to ...........................a a crisis, but
news totell
to tell you
you all.
67.2 AA preposition
preposition is
is missing
missing from each of
ofthese
it in
in the
place.
67.2
these sentences. Add
Add it
the correct place.
11 I I have good grounds believing that he
he is lying.
2 2 My
My suspicions are based whatI
my own
what I saw
saw with my
own eyes.
33 The
government's decision has
has serious implications the
The government’s
the economy.
44 His
Hisfear
he once saw.
fear of flying stemsaa film he
55 I’m
I'm glad to say that all her
her hard work has
hasresulted
resulted success.
66 The
bringaa change of
ofgovernment.
The riots will probably bring
government.
77 AA considerable amount of
ofdamage
damage was caused the tornado.
67.3
67.3
Rewrite
these sentences
sentences using
the word
word in
brackets.
Rewrite these
using the
inbrackets.
11 Because of
ofthe
on the motorway, all traffic is being severely delayed. (caused)
(CAUSED)
the crash on
22 Thanks toyour
(RESULTED)
to your advice, we
we got there on
on time. (resulted)
33 There is
isa a lot of interest in the
minister's comments about
abOUt taxlaW.
(GENERATED)
the minister’s
tax law. (generated)
44 She
She has many problems now
now asaa consequence of
ofher
(STEM)
her previous poor decisions. (stem)
55 There were many flight cancellations because of
of bad
bad weather. (brought)
(BROUGHT)
67.4
67.4
Useanyofthewords
and expressions
page toconnect
in
Use
any of the words and
expressions from
from theopposite
the opposite page
to connect the
the events
events in
the left-hand column with those in
inthe
the right-hand column, as shown.
example Scientists have produced statistics showing a direct link between smoking and cancer.
11 scientists
scientists
stunning images and
and graphics
22 the higher taxes
showingaa direct link between smoking and cancer
statistics showing
33 icy roads
the break—up
break-up of hismarriage
his marriage
44 my
my old car
car
and involved me
lotof
endless problems and
me ina
in a lot
of expense
55 this software
riots in three cities
6 6 jealousy
aa number ofserious
of serious accidents this week
67.5
67.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Write sentences about something in your life which has:
you a lot of
•• caused youa
of problems.
•• given youa
of happiness.
you a lot of
•• provoked
provokedaa feeling of anger in you.
•• resulted
resulted in embarrassment for you.
•• brought aboutaa change in your life.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
141
68
Spot the difference: making comparisons
A
Talking about similarity
collocation
meaning
II often feel there isa a cultural affinity between London and
and
New York.I
asI I read this novel.
New
York. I felt an
an affinity with the writer as
closeness, similarity;
similarity; feeling that
different things/people have much in
common
similar in spirit/feel
see
see similarities that help us understand
Her singing is more akin to that of Rihanna than Adele.
Her
To
useaa sporting analogy, middle age is like half-time at
ataa
To use
football match.
The
notcorrespond
The picture this news article paints does not
correspond to
the truth.
It’s
the price of something with its true value.
It'sa a mistake to equate the
She
to admitting
She knew that to apologise would be tantamount to
had failed.
she had
The
The goals of the two
two sides in the
the war
war have become almost
interchangeable.
Burton's house was
Mrs Burton’s
was indistinguishable from all the
the others in
the
the street.
B
something
not equal to// does not
not match
is not
consider as the same
theequivalent
the equivalent of (normally used in
contexts)
negative contexts)
so
so similar that they could be exchanged
one forthe
for the other
so similar you
you cannot see the difference
Talking about difference: adjectives beginning with diexample
contexts/comments
The
The diverse ethnic groups living in Malaysia give the
the
country its cultural richness.
The
The disparate regions of Spain all have unique customs
and cultures.
upofdifferent
used to showaa group is made up
of different
types of something
used for different types withina
within a group, but
separation and
and difference
emphasises separation
very often used with not
often used to show contrasting opinions or ideas
withina
within a group
used to describe differences where one might be
deceived by similarities
This house is not
not dissimilar
dissimilar to the one
one I I was
was born in.
They have widely divergent
divergent opinions.
The
and Norwegian languages are quite
The Swedish and
distinct from one
one another, even though they look similar
when written.
It's easy to find our
our car in
ina a car
car park because of
ofits
It’s
its
distinctive colour.
There are
areseveral
several discrete categories of verbs in English.
used to describe something that is easy to
recognise because it is different
and separate, not
not overlapping
different and
Note the
associated with
some of
oftheadjectives
above: to
Note
the verbs
verbs associated
with some
the adjectives above:
to differentiate
differentiate [to finda
find a difference
betweenj,, to
ormake
diverge [to move away, become more different
between]
to diversify
diversify [to become or
make more varied],
varied], to
to diverge
from something],
distinguish [to notice the difference between two thingsj.
something], to
to distinguish
things].
Language help
The two
two girls are
area a comparable
comparable
Comparable (to) means similar in some way tosomething
to something else, e.g. The
size. [about the same size]
Comparative means when comparing different things. These collocations are common: comparative
comparative
silence/freedom/comfort.
silence/freedom/comfort.
142
142
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
68.1
68.1
One of
ofthese
is followed by
byaa different preposition
preposition from the rest.
rest. Which word is
is it
it
One
these words is
and which preposition
preposition does
does it
it need?
need?
and
akin
correspond
dissimilar
distinct
tantamount
Now use
use the
above and
and their
prepositions in
in these
sentences.
Now
the words
words above
their prepositions
these sentences.
11 The
The state of Maine in the
USA is not
not ........................... parts of Scandinavia. They both have lakes
the USA
and forests.
and
2 2 To
pretendI I didn’t
didn't want tobe
To pretend
to be with her would be ........................... tellinga
telling a lie.
3 3 What you say
say ........................... what I’ve
I've heard too. I’m
I'm sure it’s
it's correct.
4 4 His
His life story is more ...........................a a novel by Charles Dickens thana
than a James Bond film.
5 5 The
and it’s
it'sa a mistake
The culture of the
the north of the country is quite ........................... that of the south, and
to think they are
arethe
the same.
68.2
68.2
in the
Fill in
the missing words.
11 There is
isa a close affinity
Singapore ........................... Hong Kong;
both are crowded, vibrant cities
ina a confined space.
existing in
22 I I just cannot feel any
any affinity
it's too
his poetry; it’s
too dark
and cruel.
and
3 3 This version of her essay is
indistinguishable ........................... the
the
can't see
see any
any changes.
first version.I
version. I can’t
44 It would be
beaa great mistake to equate
his shyness ........................... coldness
or unfriendliness.
55 His ideas are not that dissimilar
.......................... mine.
mine.
66 The
are
The temperatures in Moscow are
currently comparable
those in New
New York.
68.3
68.3
_
Choose the
appropriate word
inthese
Choose
the appropriate
word in
these sentences.
sentences.
11 Spanish and
and Portuguese cultures are quite diversef / distinct, even though, to the outsider, they
may sometimes appear similar.
may
2 2 The
way they weave carpets in this region is not
not dissimilarf / divergent to the
are made in
The way
the way
way they are
neighbouring countries.
33 English verbs do
do not always fit very easily into distinctivef
For instance, is the
distinctive / discrete categories.
categories. For
the
verb used to
toan
an ordinary verb oraa modal verb like would?
44 Seen from the widely disparate
disparate// divergent viewpoints of left and
and right, the
the problem either
or in too
originates in too
too much freedom or
too much state control.
5 5 It would be very difficult to
and ethnic groups to form one
to unite the
the Iisparatel
disparate / discrete tribes and
one
coherent political force.
6 6 Her
Her CD
CD collection contains quite
quiteaa divergent/
divergent / diverse selection of music, with everything from
classical to
to heavy metal.
77 The
suitsI I liked are
area a comparable
Iomparablel/ comparative price.
The two
two suits
8 8 We
We walked part of the
and then our paths differentiatedf / diverged.
the way
way home together and
99 As
he'd been to
As he’d
toaa boarding school, John loved the Iomparablel
comparable / comparative freedom he had
atuniversity.
at
university.
10 The
but they've
now diversified
diversified// distinguished into
intoaa range
they’ve now
10
The business used only to make bicycles, but
of other cycling products.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
143
69
69
Difficulties
Difficulties and
and dilemmas
dilemmas
A
Nouns relating to difficulties
Fairly
snag, a hitch,
glitch. Glitch
to a technical
technical problem
Fairly small
small difficulties:
difficulties:a a snag,a
hitch,aa glitch.
Glitch usually
usually refers
refers toa
problem of
of
aremore
some kind; the
the other two
two words are
more general.
difficulties:
More important difficulties:
A A setback
setback means that progress has been stopped by something.
AA stumbling
block is something that prevents action or agreement.
stumbling block
the plural).
AA pitfall
pitfall is
is an
an unexpected
unexpected difficulty
difficulty (often
(often used
used in
in the
plural).
An obstacle
obstacle is
that stops
An
is anything
anything that
stops progress,
progress, either
either literally
literally or
or metaphorically.
metaphorically.
An
impediment is something that prevents free action, progress or movement.
An impediment
situation wherea
where a difficult
to be
two, sometimes
AA dilemma
dilemma is
isa a situation
difficult choice
choice has
has to
be made
made between
between two,
sometimes
unpleasant,
unpleasant, alternatives.
alternatives.
An
isa a severe experience, which is very difficult, painful or tiring.
An ordeal
ordeal is
B
Adjectives
relating to
Adjectives relating
to difficulty
difficulty
adjective
meaning
problematic
full of
of problems or difficulties
difficulties
relationship, situation, concept
abstruse
difficult to
to understand
theory, argument, philosopher
arduous
complex
convoluted
gruelling
insufferable
obstructive
tough
traumatic
wayward
collocations
difficult, tiring, needing much effort
climb, task, journey
has many parts
difficult to
to understand as it has
issue, problem, theory, process
and hard to follow
unreasonably long and
explanation, sentences, theory
and difficult
extremely tiring and
journey, work, match, expedition
as it is annoying or
difficult to
to bear, as
uncomfortable
behaviour, heat, boredom, pain,
person
difficulties
causing deliberate difficulties
person, measure, behaviour
difficult to
to deal with or do
do
time, job, climate, decision
and upsetting
shocking and
experience, past, childhood
changeable, selfish and/or hard to control
behaviour, child, person
Common mistakes
Difficulty is used in the
the singular in the
the expression to have difficulty in doing something:I
something: I had
had great
difficulty in findingaa job
).
difficulty
job at first (NOT great difficulties).
C
Informal expressions relating to difficulties
Oh dear,
dear, more
more homework!
homework! What
pain!// What
drag! [What
twhataa nuisance!]
nuisance!]
Oh
Whataa pain!
Whataa drag!
The
is good
good forediting
still images,
images, but
but editing
isa a real
real chore.
chore. [boring job
has
The software
software is
for editing still
editing video
video is
job that has
to be
be done]
What's
him?// What's
into him?
him?// What's
bugging him?
him?// What's
(up) with
him?
What’s eating
eating him?
What’s got
got into
What’s bugging
What’s (up)
with him?
[What's the matter with him?]
[What’s
II can’t
can't face
hassle of
of moving
moving house
house again.
again. [situation causing trouble or difficulty]
face the
the hassle
difficulty]
My daughter
daughter keeps
keeps hassling
hassling me
me for
new bike.
bike. [asking again and
and again]
My
foraa new
Having to
listen to
him singing
is sheer
sheer torture!
an unpleasant experience]
Having
to listen
to him
singing is
torture! [used figuratively to
to refer to an
to
(your guts
to slog
slog (your
guts out)/
out) / to
to grind/
grind / to
to graft
graft// to
to flog
flog yourself
yourself to
to death
death [to work hard]
ina a fix
ina a spot
inaa hole
hole// up
up against
against it
it/ / up
up to
neck [in
[ina a difficult situation]
in
fix/ / in
spot// in
to your
your neck
situation]
The
company's in
ina a sticky/tricky
sticky/tricky situation
situation now
now the
are going
going to
[Iifficult]
The company’s
the workers
workers are
to strike.
strike. [difficult]
lI think
I'm off
offthe
hook// in
intheclear
out of
of the
now. [freed froma
think I’m
the hook
the clear// out
the wood(s)
wood(s) now.
from a difficult situation]
situation]
The
downside ofliving
here is
is the
by.[the
situation]
The downside
of living here
the traffic
traffic thundering
thundering by.
[the disadvantage ofaa situation]
144
144
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
69.1
69.1
Choose the
best word from the
box tocomplete
Put the word in
intheplural
Choose
the best
the box
to complete the sentences. Put
the plural
if necessary.
necessary.
if
glitch
chore
impediment
dilemma
ordeal
pitfall
snag
stumbling block
11 Shona is caught in
ina a terrible ........................... —– should she move abroad with the man
man she loves or
take the promotion she has been offered at work?
22 Atfirst
but it’s
it's OK
OK now.
At first there were some ........................... with the software, but
33 Removing old
oldfiles
my hard drive was
files from my
wasaa real . . . ... . .. .. —–I I spent four boring hours doing it!
4 4 The
writingaa book about his six-month
The hostage is writing
.
55 The
isa a little expensive.
The proposal is very good. The
The only ........................... is that it is
66 Mark used to have
haveaa speech ..........................., , but
but he’s
he's overcome it and
and is now
now an
an actor.
7 7 The
new businesses information about typical . . . .. .. .. toto avoid.
The leaflet gives new
88 Negotiations were going well until the
pay became
becameaa major
the issue of sick pay
.
69.2
69.2
Which oftheadjectives
of the adjectives inBB opposite might you use to
to describe:
11 aa pupil who
who deliberately makes it hard forhis
for his teacher to continue with the lesson
22 an
an accident which affects the
the victim psychologically
33 aa book that deals with very difficult ideas without simplifying them ..........................
4 4 a a child who
who is very disobedient and
and self-willed
self-willed
5 5 pain that is almost impossible to put up
up with
66 aa speech that is very difficult to
to follow because the line of argument is very complex ..........................
7 7 an
an exhausting Arctic expedition
88 aa decision that is not
not easy to make ..........................
69.3
69.3
Fill the
gaps in
inthis
conversation using
using words
page.
Fill
the gaps
this conversation
words from
from theopposite
the opposite page.
A:
What's got 1'........................... you, Dan? You look really fed
up!
A: What’s
fed up!
2
Oh,I I don’t
don't know. I’ve
I've been slogging my
my 2...........................
out at work and it’s
it's all getting too
My
B: Oh,
out
too much. My
3
saysI I should leave rather than go on
on flogging myself to3...........................
.. But
But II really can’t
can't face
wife says
the°...........................
of looking forsomething
the 4
of
for something else at the
the moment.
5
A:
.. ...... .. ... .. .. ..! ! I’m
I'm also in
ina a bit of
ofa a° 6 .......................... .
A: Whataa ’.
7
up ’...........................
you
B: Why? What's
What’s up
you then?
88
A: I’m
I'm in
ina a ...........................
my flat. The
landlord's threatening to put the rent up. We've
situation with my
The landlord’s
We’ve
quiteaa 9 ........................... relationship for some time now, and
and I’m
I'mhaving
had quite
having great110 ........................... in
“........................... of
of living in Cambridge —– it’s
it's beautiful but
but
finding somewhere else to live. That's
That’s the
the 11
so expensive. Still, at
at least my
my economics exam is over.
accommodation is so
How did
did that go?
go?
B: Great! How
A: Well, studying forit
, , but
but the
wasn't too bad. It’s
It'sa a great
the exam itself wasn’t
for it was
was sheer1212...........................
it's over. Anyway,I
getthrough
relief it’s
Anyway, I hope you soon get
through all your work and begin to feel off the
the
13
“......................... soon.
soon.
14
I'll feel out
out of the
when this project is over.
B: Thanks.I
Thanks. I think I’ll
the1°...........................
69.4
69.4
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Answer these questions about difficulties you
may have experienced
experienced in your life.
you may
• • When have you been in
ina a dilemma? What were thechoices
the choices that were facing you?
•• Give an
an example of
sufferedaa setback.
ofaa project you
you were involved in that suffered
•• Are
any downsides to living where you do at
atthemoment?
Are there any
the moment?
•• What obstacles have you had to overcome in your life so
so far?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
145
70
Modality: expressing facts, opinions, desires
A
Expressions based
based on
modal verbs
Expressions
on modal
verbs
that I didn’t
II must
must admit/confess/say
admit/confess/say thatI
didn't enjoy the film.
You want me
to lend you
you £1,000! You
You must
joking!
You
me tolend
must be
bejoking!
You must
frightened/worried/nervous/delighted/overjoyed when you
you heard the news!
You
must have
have been
been frightened/worried/nervous/delighted/overjoyed
Don’t
Don't look so miserable —– it
it may/might
may/might (well)
(well) never
never happen!
happen!
What, may/might
was the point of throwing your pen
What,
may/mightII ask,
ask, was
pen on
on the floor like that? (rather formal)
who should
see// meet
II was
was just strolling through the park when who
shouldII see
meet// bump
bump into
into but
but my
my boss.
Don’t
the wine. Accidents
Accidents will
will happen!
Don't worry about spilling the
happen! [accidents are inevitable]
inevitable]
The car
won’t start.
The
car won't
start. What can
canI I do?
do?
That’ll be
That'll
be Sean making that noise. He
He always plays his music very loudly.
Why are
you so
You might
well be offered the
the job, you
you
A: Why
are you
so gloomy? The interview didn’t
didn't go
go badly. You
might well
never know.
B:
so lucky!
the other candidates were better qualified.
B:II should
should be
be so
lucky! [That is not
not likely!]
likely!] All the
Common mistakes
won't: The
The window won’t
won't open (NOT want).
Remember theapostrophe
the apostrophe in won’t:
wont).
B
Ways ofexpressing
of expressing probability
The
get the
The odds arehe'll
are he’ll get
the job. [it is likely that]
The
The odds areagainst
are against her passing the exam. [it is unlikely that]
They are
bound togetmarried
are bound
to get married in the
the end. [almost certain to]
She's unquestionably
unquestionably the
no doubt at all]
She’s
the best student in the
the class. [there is no
[obvious]
It was
was apparent that the negotiations were going badly. [obvious]
She'll be
be here by five o’clock,
o'clock, for
am sure] (usually comes at
attheend)
She’ll
for sure. [I am
the end)
In all
all probability
probability we'll
get the
on time. [it is very likely]
In
we’ll get
the job
job finished on
are not
not highly disciplined
disciplined when yougoon
are you won't
If you
you are
you go onaa diet, the
the chances are
won’t succeed.
[it is probable that]
probable1
There's
likelihood that the price of petrol will rise soon. [it is very probable]
There’s every likelihood
C
Ways ofexpressing
and lack of obligation
of expressing obligation and
essential that you
It is essential
you (should) take strong footwear with you.
Wearinga
Wearing a safety helmet is obligatory in this area.
The
had no
no option but to turn back.
The road was
was blocked. We
We had
We
have an
an obligation to preserve the school's
We have
school’s good name.
and English are compulsory.
compulsory.
Some courses are optional but Maths and
D
Ways of
expressing a desire
desire to
to do
Ways
ofexpressinga
do something
something
II am
am determined/anxious/eager/keen/resolved
determined/anxious/eager/keen/resolved to do
do whateverI
can to
whatever I can
to help.
He wishes/desires/yearns/longs
wishes/desires/yearns/longs to return home. (all rather formal except long)
He
She has
has ambitions/aspirations
ambitions/aspirations to become Prime Minister.
She
146
146
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
70.1
70.1
Look at
atAA opposite. Match
Match the situations on
lefi with the responses
responses on
right.
Look
on the
the left
on the right.
11 Are
Q
Are you
you going clubbing tonight?
2 2 I I painted my
my house bright green last week.
33 The
Q
The car won't
won’t start.
4 4 You
You might win the lottery.
5 5 I’m
I'm afraid I’ve
I've broken
brokenaa cup.
Q
66 Erica and
and Matt have just had
had twins.
77 Someone’s
Someone's at
atthedoor.
the door.
8 8 I I only just managed toescape.
to escape.
70.2
70.2
aa Shall
ShallII have
haveaa look at it?
bb They must be overjoyed.
c c You
You must have been terrified.
terrified.
d d It’ll
lt'll be
be the
the Patels.
ee What, may
may I I ask, was
was the
the point of that?
ff I I should be so lucky! Do
Do you
you know what the
the
odds are?
gg You
I'm much tooold.
You must be joking! I’m
too old.
hh Don’t
Don't worry. Accidents will happen!
Rewrite these sentences using
using the words in
inbrackets.
Rewrite
brackets.
11 Anna'll
(LIKELIHOOD) /a
'vb.
Anna’ll probably get the job. (likelihood)
In elll'd«liLvvdAnn•i!ged«
all likelihood Anna’ll get the job.
2 2 You
putona
(OBLIGATORY)
You must put
on a life jacket. (obligatory)
33 I I expect that Karl will take over his father's
(ODDS)
father’s job. (odds)
44 You
(OPTION)
You must do what thepolice
the police officer says. (option)
55 I’m
I'm sure they'll
eventually. (bound)
(BOUND)
they’ll settle down eventually.
66 It’s
It's likely we'll
attheparty.
(cHANCES)
we’ll meet someone we
we know at
the party. (chances)
77 We
(APPARENT)
We could see that there was
was going to be trouble. (apparent)
88 It’s
It's possible you'll
end up
up with no
no job at
at all if you
don't try. (well)
(wELL)
you’ll end
you don’t
99 There's
no doubt that this is the
(UNQUESTIONABLY)
There’s no
the most serious problem we've
we’ve encountered. (unquestionably)
be late, definitely. (sure)
(sURE)
10 With all this snow, the train will be
11 I I was
and II saw
saw Beth. (should)
(SHOULD)
was in the
11
the park today, and
She really wants togetinto
(EAGER)
12 She
to get into university next year. (eager)
70.3
70.3
Write down
three rules
foraa school
school using
the words
words in
brackets.
Write
down three
rules for
using the
inbrackets.
11 (essential)
(ESSENTIAL)
22 (compulsory)
(COMPULSORY)
33 (optional)
(oPTioNAL)
70.4
70.4
Complete these
using the
appropriate form
inbrackets.
Useaa
Complete
these sentences
sentences using
the appropriate
form ofthewords
of the words in
brackets. Use
dictionary if necessary.
11 The
The town council expressed their .......................... toto do
do what they could to help ease the traffic
(DETERMINE)
problems in the
the city. (determine)
22 The
poet's ........................... for
(yEARN)
The poem is about the poet’s
for his lost innocence. (yearn)
you make any
New Year's
Year’s ........................... this year? (resolve)
33 Did you
anyNew
(RESOLVE)
44 The
her office immediately. (desire)
(DESIRE)
The President is ........................... that you
you attend her in her
55 Her
Her ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. toto please is very touching. (eager)
(EAGER)
66 She
She would have enjoyed her year abroad more had it not
not been for
forher
her
her ........................... for
for her
(LONG)
boyfriend at home. (long)
77 Amy
isa a very ........................... person. (ambition)
(AMBITION)
Amy is
88 Liam has ........................... toto be
be a a great athlete. (aspire)
(AsPiRE)
70.5
70.5
Answer
Answer thequestions.
the questions.
11 Which verb from the opposite page could you
sentenceaa little less formal?
you use to make this sentence
lt was
was a a hard day.I
was justyearning
toget
tobedearly.
It
day. I was
just yearning to
get home andgo
and go to
bed early.
2 2 With
N/ith his qualifications, he's
to9et
the oil industry. Does this sentence mean
he’s bound to
getaa goodjobin
good job in the
he may
may work in the
he has
has no
no choice but to work in the
he's
(a) he
the oil industry, (b) he
the oil industry, or (c) he’s
almost certain to work in the
the oil industry?
33 Find four pairs of synonyms in this list of
of words. Which word is the
odd one
one out?
the odd
resolved eager desire likelihood
determined
obligation
obligation keen
wish
probability
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
147
71
71
Number:
statistics and
Number: statistics
and quantity
quantity
A
Changes in numbers and quantities
During
the five
five years
years 2010—2015,
2010–2015, internet
the world
world was
was estimated
to have
During the
internet use
use across
across the
estimated to
have increased
increased
twofold',
use grew by
byaa factor
of3
twofold1, while in China, it quadrupled
quadrupled22.. In the
the developing world, internet use
factor of
three.
three.
The
drastic44 changes in interest rates resulted in
ina a threefold
ofpeople
The drastic
threefold55 increase in the
the number of
people
unable
to keep
their mortgage
unable to
keep up
up their
mortgage repayments.
repayments.
The
ofstars
has been revised
revised upwards
upwards66 in light of
of recent
The estimated number of
stars in the
the Milky Way
Way has
discoveries.
discoveries.
The
deviated from
norm77 in recent years.
The weather patterns have deviated
from the
the norm
8
Sales fluctuate
fluctuate from month tomonth.
to month.
seesawed 9 all year.
Interest rates have seesawed
erratic10 this last month.
Share prices have been erratic
the suffix -fold means ‘multiplied
thesuffix
‘multiplied by
by that number’
increased by four times
^3 multiplied by
by
° 4 severe and
and sudden
’5 twofold, threefold, etc. can
can be
be used as an adverb
or adjective
1
22
B
toaa higher number (you can
° 6 changed to
can revise
something downwards to
toaa lower number)
7
moved away from the standard or accepted pattern
8
"keep
up and
and down
keep going up
°9 gone up and down at regular intervals
i10
° not
notregular
and often changing suddenly
regular and
More expressions
describing statistics
numbers
More
expressions for
for describing
statistics and
and numbers
When
amounts were
added up,
up,theaggregate
£600,000. [total]
When thedifferent
the different amounts
were added
the aggregate was
was £600,000.
I've aggregated
all the
up all the
I’ve
aggregated all
the figures.
figures. [added up
the different amounts]
The
Finance Minister
Minister said
said the
rise in
in inflation
inflation was
onlyaa blip.
blip. [temporary change]
The Finance
the July
July rise
was only
There
correlation between
between mathematical
mathematical and
and musical
musical ability.
ability. [connection
[connection between
There seems
seems tobe
to beaa correlation
facts or things which cause or affect each other]
The
percentage of
of GDP
GDP expenditure
goes on
on education
education varies
considerably from
country to
The percentage
expenditure which
which goes
varies considerably
from country
to
country. [[Gross
Domestic
Product:
produces] [the amount of
ofmoney
country.
Gross D
omestic P
roduct: the total amount thataa country produces]
money spent
on something]
on
There'sa
discrepancy between
between our
ourfigures
and yours.
There’s a discrepancy
figures and
yours. [difference between two things that should
be the same]
be
The
ratio of
of men
men to
in the
Engineering Faculty
Faculty was
1. [the relationship between two
The ratio
to women
women in
the Engineering
was33 to
to 1.
how much bigger one
amounts, which expresses how
one is than the other]
The
company's figures
be flawed
and the
accountant was
[inaccurate]
The company’s
figures were
were found
found to
to be
flawed and
the accountant
was fired.
fired. [inaccurate]
She suffered
multiple injuries
injuries in
in the
accident. [very many ofthesame
She
suffered multiple
the accident.
of the same type, or of different types]
Our data
data are
are inconsistent
inconsistent with
Our
with yours.
yours. [not in agreement with]
C
Assessing quantity
quantity
Let me
me give you
how much money we expect
Let
youaa ballpark figure'
figure1 of how
to make this year. IfIfI I tot
up:22,we
tot everything up
, we begin to run into six
figures*.
areaa lot of
of variables°
our projected figuress5
figures3. There are
variables4 and
and our
may not
not be
be all that accurate. So
I've erred on
may
So I’ve
on the side of caution66
77
and I’ve
down rather than up, in order to give youa
you a
and
I've rounded things down
conservative8 estimate.
1
be accurate
guess believed to be
2 2 add
add everything up
up (less formal)
3
"get
getaa figure over 100,000
44
may change
different factors that may
148
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
planned figures
° 6 been cautious
5
into2 2 rather than3
make, say, 2.5 into
than 3
8
"cautious
cautious
77
Exercises
71.1
Use words from theopposite
page to fill the
Use
the opposite page
the gaps.
11 The
ofrestaurants
The chain has increased its number of
restaurants ........................... in the
the last ten
ten years. There were
20;now
20;
now there are 80.
22 Many teachers were worried after the
the government announced it was
was going to cut its ...........................
on schools.
on
33 The
byaa ........................... of
of three, from
The number ofstudents
of students enrolling for the
the course has increased by
50 to 150 in just two
two years.
4 4 There wasa
ofserious
was a sudden and ........................... rise in the
the number of
serious road accidents during the
bad weather last winter.
extreme bad
5 5 We
We need to
to ........................... the
the estimate downwards from 3,000 to about 2,500.
66 There seems tobe
to beaa ........................... between thetwo
the two sets of data which suggests that the
experiment was
was successful.
77 International trade is important to the country and
and makes up one third of its .......................... .
8 8 The
ofoverseas
of
The company ........................... its number of
overseas branches from three to 12 in the
the space of
five years.
71.2
71.2
Rewrite these sentences using
using the words in
inbrackets
keep the same
same
Rewrite
brackets so that they keep
meaning.
meaning.
11 The two reports of the
inconsistent. (discrepancy)
(DISCREPANCY)
the accident appear to
to be inconsistent.
22 Oil prices were up one moment and
anddown
(SEESAW)
down thenext
the next last year. (seesaw)
33 Monthly average temperatures have been different from what we
we usually see
see this year.
(DEVIATE, norm)
NORM)
(deviate,
44 Thewater
didn't go
go up
up and
and down as
asmuch
aswe'd
(FLUCTUATE)
The water levels didn’t
much as
we’d expected last year. (fluctuate)
55 I I don't
me the
(AGGREGATE)
don’t need to
to know all the
the individual figures —– just give me
the total. (aggregate)
66 His moods change —– one minute he’s
he's happy, the next he’s
he's depressed. (erratic)
(ERRATIC)
71.3
71.3
Answer these
these questions.
Answer
questions.
11 If you
you give someonea
someone a ballpark figure, is it (a) precise or (b) rough?
22 If you
69 or
or (b) 68?
68?
you round up 68.7, does it become (a) 69
3 3 If you
to give a conservative estimate when forecasting profits, would you prefer to
you want togivea
(a) underestimate or (b) overestimate your figures?
4 4 If your weekly wage (in dollars) has
has just run
run into four figures, how
how much do youearn?
you earn?
55 If you
up all the
between11 and 10,
10,what
you tot
tot up
the numbers between
what do you get?
66 Name twovariables
affecta a soft drinks company’s
company's projected profits.
two variables that might affect
7 7 Iflf the
ina a school is 1.5
1.5 to
are there more girls or
or boys?
to boys in
to 1, are
the ratio of girls to
88 If you
err on
on the
do you
anymistakes,
the side of caution, do
you (a) take care not to make any
mistakes,
you err
or (c) make errors through lack of caution?
(b) adoptaa cautious attitude, or
71.4
71.4
Complete the
below. Use
Useaa dictionary
dictionary if
if necessary.
necessary. Do
Do not
not fill
Complete
the word
word formation
formation table
table below.
fill the
the
shaded boxes.
boxes.
shaded
verb
noun
adjective
deviate
discrepancy
flawed
inconsistent
err
multiple
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
149
72
Permission: getting the go-ahead
A
Permitting and
and agreeing
agreeing that
may happen:
happen: verbs
Permitting
that something
something may
verbs
All these verbs are formal and
and many are
aretypically found in newspapers.
B
verb
meaning
example
accede
but often associated
associated with initial
accept, but
unwillingness
acquiesce
/,akwi'es/
/ˌækwiˈes/
permit something to happen, but often
ofsecrecy
associated witha
with a degree of
secrecy or
conspiracy
The
workers'
The factory owner acceded to the workers’
demands.
The
The Foreign Minister acquiesced in the
the plan
to restrict imports from certain countries.
assent
associated with
agree to something, often associated
plans, proposals, ideas, etc.
The
The shareholders assented to the takeover.
authorise
give official permission
Only authorised people are allowed entry.
condone
or allow something which most
approve or
be wrong
people consider to be
countenance
consider giving assent or permission,
often used in negative contexts
endorse
give official approval to something
The judge condoned theuseofreasonable
the use of reasonable
force by
by police officers.
officers.
No government would ever countenance
No
abolishing taxes altogether.
The
The cabinet has endorseda
endorsed a proposal to
change theway
universities are
are funded.
the way universities
Permitting:
Permitting: phrasal
phrasal expressions
The
committee have
have been
been given
carte blanche
blanche to
investigate the
problem and
and come
come up
up witha
The committee
given carte
to investigate
the problem
with a
solution. [[/,ka.(r)t
'b1a:nt// complete freedom to
formal]
solution.
/kɑ(r)t blɑntʃ/
to do whatever they think necessary; formal]
The
city has
has given
given the
given the
light to
new car
car park.
park. [given permission for
The city
the go-ahead
go-ahead for
for// given
the green
green light
to the
the new
for
the building to start; informa
informal]
C
Prohibiting and
disapproving: verbs
Prohibiting
and disapproving:
verbs
verb
meaning
example
bar
bar
outlaw
officially exclude, forbid someone access
to something
useyour
use
your full power toprevent
to prevent or limit
something
make something illegal
veto /'vi:tau/
/ˈviːtəʊ/
use your official power toforbid
use
to forbid
Three students were barred from using the
had damaged books.
library because they had
The
has decided to clamp down
The government has
immigration.
on illegal immigration.
passedaa bill outlawing
Parliament has passed
smoking while driving.
The
has vetoed the
The President has
the plan to open
membership oftheclub
of the club to the public.
clamp down
Common mistakes
not an
an adjective but
but an
an adverb. It means in spite of something. It can
can be
be used on
on its
Regardless is not
Herparents
couldn't go
toit
own: Her
parents said she couldn’t
go to the party but she went to
it regardless.
Or it can
can be
be followed by
byaa phrase with of:
o/: They built the
the extension to their house regardless
Or
regardless of
of the fact
had not received formal planning permission.
that they had
150
150
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
Exercises
72.1
72.1
Fill the
meaning in
inbrackets.
may be
be
Fill
the gaps witha
with a suitable verb which expresses the meaning
brackets. There may
more than one possible
possible answer.
answer.
more
11 The
but the President
The committee were in favour of the proposal, but
it. (used his/her
official
off
icial power toforbid
to forbid it)
2 2 I I would never ........................... the
use of
of capital punishment, no matter how
how serious the
the use
the crime.
(approve or refuse to condemn)
33 The newspaper revealed that the Prime Minister had
had ........................... in the
the secret decision to sell
arms tothedictator.
to the dictator. (agreed to it, without openly admitting it)
4 4 The
new bill going through Parliament will ........................... the
use of
of unlicensed drugs by doctors.
The new
the use
(make illegal)
5 5 The
has ........................... the
ofcasual
The manager has
the wearing of
casual clothes to work on Friday. (used their official
official
power topermit)
to permit)
66 She
She has
has been ........................... from lectures because she disrupted one
one last term. (forbidden to
enter/attend)
enter/attend)
77 The
had to
after
The President finally had
to ........................... toto demands for
for his resignation. (agree aft
er being
initially unwilling)
88 The
on motorists who
The police have announced that they are to begin to ........................... on
who exceed the
speed limit. (take serious action to reduce the number of)
72.2
72.2
Find and
and correct
correct the
preposition errors in
in these sentences.
Find
the preposition
11 Alex parked his car
car outside the shop regardless to the
No Parking sign.
the No
2 2 The
he would never accede forthe
union's demands.
The Minister said he
for the union’s
33 It’s
It's time the police clamped down tocyclists
to cyclists going through red lights.
4 4 The
has assented at the latest world environment plan.
The President has
55 The
The Minister is likely to
to acquiesce with the proposal.
66 The
has given the green light on
on the
students' proposal foran
The college principal has
the students’
for an end-of-term
festival.
7 7 The
hasbeen
ataa new
new factory in the
The company has
been given the go-ahead at
the city.
8 8 The
had carte blanche forinvestigate
The inspector had
for investigate every aspect of the business.
72.3
72.3
Look
these headlines
containing further
further words
words and
expressions connected
connected with
with
Look at
atthese
headlines containing
and expressions
permission
them with
with the
the news
clips. Use
dictionary if
permission and
and prohibition.
prohibition. Match
Match them
news clips.
Use a a dictionary
if necessary.
necessary.
1
GOVERNMENT TO LIFT EMBARGO ON COMPUTER IMPORTS
2
Railway franchise extended for five years
3
POLICE TO ADOPT ZERO-TOLERANCE OF HOOLIGANISM
4
NEW TRADE SANCTIONS ANNOUNCED
a
bb
The
be
The company will be
allowed to run services
for the
the additional period,
...
provided all conditions …
The
The hope is that firms
firms
will benefi
benefitt from less
severe competition
in domestic markets
if imports are subject
to …
...
c
d
…
... atat present,
present, chips
and
and processors must
be home-produced
home-produced or
be
or
else
...
else …
... anyone displaying
…
threatening behaviour
Wwill
to
II be
be liable
liable to
immediate arrest …
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
151
73
Complaining and protesting
A
Expressions connected
connected with
Expressions
with complaining
complaining
It is important to use these expressions in appropriate situations.
given here.
situations. Some examples are
aregiven
The
orless
but much depends on who
The expressions in each group go more or
less from weaker tostronger,
to stronger, but
who
speaking to and
the situation is.
you are
arespeaking
and what thesituation
iviore common in informal situations
More
You've
got to
me awake.
You’ve got
to do
do something
something about
about that window ofyours.
of yours. It rattles in the
the wind and keeps me
Forgoodness’
I'm fed
up with
up!
For
goodness’ sake! I’m
fed up
with// sick
sick of
of all your moaning and grumbling. Cheer up!
I've just
had enough
Look here! I’ve
just about
about had
enough ofyour
of your stupid comments.
is just
not on!
o'clock and
and it’s
it's almost three! [not
Look, this
this is
just not
on! You
You promised to be here by two
two o’clock
acceptable]
acceptable]
Enough is
is enough!
enough! Please, no
no more arguments –— be nice to each other!
Enough
iviore neutral in tone
More
I'm not
not at
at all
all satisfied
satisfied with
I've received.
I’m
with theservice
the service I’ve
Something will
have to
be done
done about
can't be
be left in front of the
Something
will have
to be
about that pile of rubbish. It can’t
the house.
II wish
down.II wish
wish you
you would
would turn your radio down.
wish you
you wouldn't
wouldn’t play your music so loudly.
You
It just
do!You're
You never help around the
the house. It
just won't
won’t do!
You’re going to have to
to change your ways.
iviore common in formal situations (typically in connection with bad
More
bad service or behaviour)
II wish to complain about
about thedelay
my order.
the delay in delivering my
The
my room is stained and
and dirty. This is
is most
most unsatisfactory.
unsatisfactory.
The carpet in my
II take great exception
exception to your unfair comments about our committee.
II really
really must
must object
object to being made towait
to wait so long before seeing the manager.
The
our kitchen is leaking again. This is
is (simply)
(simply)
The water pipe you
you have repaired three times in our
unacceptable.
unacceptable.
Your bus driver left the
by the
no adult in attendance. This is
is
the children by
the roadside in pouring rain with no
shameful. [should make youfeel
and guilty]
shameful.
you feel embarrassed and
B
Verbs and
and protesting
and nouns relating to complaining and
verb
meaning
noun
complain (about)
express dissatisfaction or annoyance
complaint
complaint
protest (about) /pra'test/
protest
/prəˈtest/
strongly express complaint, disapproval or
disagreement
protest /'prautest/
protest
/ˈprəʊtest/
object (to)
be against something or
orsomeone
be
someone
objection
objection
remonstrate with somebody/
remonstrate
somebody /
remonstrate about
remonstrate
about
something
complain to someone// complain about
something; formal
remonstrance (very
remonstrance
and not
formal and
common)
find fault (with)
criticise or
or complain about even small mistakes
fault-finding
grumble
gripe
grouse
whinge, whingeing
grumble (about)
ina a quiet but angry way
way
complain in
gripe (about)
to complain continuously; informal
grouse (about)
to complain, usually often; informal
whinge (about)
complain persistently; informal
Common mistakes
The
byaa noun,
noun,aa pronoun or
or an -ing form of
ofaa verb. Don’t
Don't use the base form
The verb object to is followed by
ofaa verb:I
to being
of
verb: I object
object to
being made to wait here foran
for an hour before seeing the Principal (NOT object to be
made).
152
152
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
73.1
73.1
Where would you be
be more
more likely
likely to
hear these statements, in
in informal
informal or more
more formal
to hear
situations? Mark
Mark themI
How might
might the same idea
idea be
be conveyed
conveyed atthe
other end
end of
them I orF.
or F. How
at the other
the scale of formality?
11 Look here! I’ve
I've just about had enough of
ofyour
your rudeness! ...........................
2 2 I I am
am writing to remonstrate against some injustices in your regulations.
33 You've
do something about the state of your desk.
You’ve got to do
44 I I wish to complain about the poor facilities at
at the
the station. .. ... ...................
5 5 You
can't possibly come here not wearingaa tie. ...........................
You can’t
6 6 This behaviour is most unsatisfactory. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ...
7 7 TheThe lack of toilet facilities for
shameful.. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ..
for disabled people is shameful.
8 8 TheThe delay in completing my
my order is simply unacceptable.
unacceptable. ...........................
73.2
73.2
Complete each
each ofthese
one word.
Complete
of these sentences with one
11 What's
What’s Jodie whingeing ........................... now?
22 We
We ........................... great exception to the proposed plans.
33 They objected loudly to ........................... forced to sit on
on the
the floor because there were no chairs.
4 4 He’s
He's always writing letters to
or other.
to the
the newspaper, finding fault ........................... something or
5 5 Something will have to be ........................... about traffic problems in the
the city.
6 6 I I wish people ........................... talk loudly on
on their phones when I’m
I'mon
on thetrain.
the train.
7 7 This standard of work just won't
won’t ................ . . !!
8 8 You
You would be ........................... advised to start looking foranother
for another job.
99 I I heard her remonstrating ...........................a a police officer about the road being closed.
10 I’m
I'm tired of hearing you
10
you constantly moaning. Enough is
!
73.3
73.3
How might you complain in
inthe
How
the following situations?
11 You
they’ve been having wild
You are complaining to your flatmate about your noisy neighbours; they've
parties every weekend for
for several months now.
22 You're
ina a fairly neutral way
aboutaa tree of theirs that has
has grown
way to your neighbours about
You’re complaining in
so high it blocks out the sun.
33 You're
of noise at night froma
writing a formal email to the local newspaper about the problem of
from a
You’re writinga
factory in your neighbourhood.
44 You're
new
you have a fairly informal relationship, about new
You’re complaining to your boss, with whom youhavea
and longer working hours.
and
55 You're
You’re complaining toaa close friend about having to work longer hours.
66 You're
an official, formal letter of complaint to the top level of management about
aboutaa lack
You’re writing an
at work.
of safety procedures at
73.4
73.4
The
people below
below areall
indirectly. What
really mean
mean in
ineach
The people
are all complaining
complaining indirectly.
What do
do they
they really
each case?
case?
11 (walking intoa
doesn't smell very nice in here!’
into a room) ‘It doesn’t
too quickly.’
2 2 (on
(ona a school report) ‘Jorge tends to complete his work rather too
3 3 (in
(ina a reference letter)
letter} ‘Punctuality is not
not Simone’s
Simone's highest priority.’
4 4 (ata a work appraisal) ‘You’d
‘You'd be
be well advised to reassess your long-term plans.’
5 5 (commenting ona
on a room) ‘It would benefit froma
from a lick of
of paint.’
into a room) ‘The TV
TV seems tobe
to beaa bit loud.’
6 6 (coming intoa
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
153
74
Apology, regret and reconciliation
A
Apologies
and excuses:
excuses: collocations
Apologies and
collocations
adjective collocations
noun
sincere, heartfelt
good, perfect, lame, flimsy, weak
convincing, detailed, phoney
cast-iron,
cast-iron, convincing, perfect, phoney
flimsy, false
apology
excuse
explanation
alibi
pretext [pretended reason for doing something
rather than real reason]
He
apology forhaving
for having offended
He offered
offered his
his most
most heartfelt
heartfelt apology
offended everyone.
everyone. [most sincere apology]
It
excuse, and
It was
was a a rather
rather lame
lame excuse,
and nobody
nobody really
really believed
believed it.
it. [weak excuse]
The police
were convinced
convinced the
the suspect’s
was phoney,
could not
The
police were
suspect's explanation
explanation was
phoney, but
butcould
not prove
prove it.
it. [false]
[false]
The police
questioned her
the murder,
the whole
whole
The
police questioned
her about
about the
murder, but
but she
she had
hadaa cast-iron
cast-iron alibi:
alibi: she
she had
had spent
spent the
day
teaching at
the local
why she was
was innocent]
day teaching
at the
local primary
primary school.
school. [firm reason why
innocent]
He got
got an
an interview with her on
on the rather flimsy
pretext of being interested
interested in her
her research.
He
flimsy pretext
excuse
[weak and
very believable excuse]1
and not
notvery
B
Regretfulness in legal contexts
CRIME WATCH
When he was pronounced guilty of fraud, Jack Mosley showed no remorse1
whatsoever. He was sentenced to ten years in prison. All three of his
companions who were on trial with him were acquitted2 of the crime and
walked out of the courtroom free. Mosley later repented3 whilst in prison
and his sentence was reduced by one year.
feeling of guilt or
or regret
declared not guilty (noun = acquittal)
acquittal)
3
said he
was sorry and
for forgiveness (noun = repentance)
"said
he was
and asked forforgiveness
repentance)
1
22
The
President issued
issuedaa posthumous
posthumous pardon
pardon totheman,
it seems,
had been
been wrongly
accused of
of
The President
to the man, who,
who, it
seems, had
wrongly accused
treason.
someone's death for crimes they were unjustly convicted
convicted for]
treason. [official forgiveness after someone’s
The
Committee of
ofInquiry
exonerated the
Minister from
all responsibility
responsibility for
disaster. [declared
The Committee
Inquiry exonerated
the Minister
from all
for the
the disaster.
someone tobefree
to be free of blame]
The
man received
receivedaa last-minute
last-minute reprieve
reprieve the
day before
before he
he was
due to
be executed.
executed. [official
The condemned
condemned man
the day
was due
to be
punishment]
order stopping or delaying punishment]
It is
is hard
hard for
forthe
of crime
crime to
(these two
are always
always in
in this
order)
It
the victims
victims of
to forgive
forgive and
and forget.
forget. (these
two verbs
verbs are
this order)
C
Peace
and reconciliation
Peace and
reconciliation
type
of agreement
agreement
type of
explanation and
and example
example
explanation
treaty
written agreement between two or
or more countries:
The two
two nations signed
The
signedaa peace treaty in 2014.
agreement tostop
to stop war
war while peace discussions take place:
The
an armistice.
The generals from the opposing armies declared/signed an
agreement between two enemies to
to stop fighting fora a period of time:
The
calleda a truce, agreeing to put their differences
The two
two fighting politicians called
ofthecountry.
behind them for the
the good of
the country.
official agreement, especially between countries:
There are
arefears
fears that the current period of accord between thetwo
the two sides in the
the
at risk of collapsing.
civil war
war is at
agreement tostop
to stop fighting in order to allow discussions about peace:
are underway.
Both sides have agreed toaa ceasefire while talks are
armistice
truce
accord
ceasefire
154
154
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
74.fi
74.1
Fill the
suitable adjectives. There may
may be
be more
more than one possible
possible answer.
answer.
Fill
the gaps with suitable
11 She
She had
hadaa ........................... excuse fornot
she was
for not mowing thelawn:
the lawn: she
was allergic to
to grass.
2 2 I I thought he gave rather
ratheraa ........................... excuse and
and I’m
I'm not convinced at
at all.
3 3 He
He went around to her
herflat
on the
borrowaa book.
flat on
the ........................... pretext of wanting to borrow
44 The
had to let her
her go
go free, since she
she had
hadaa ........................... alibi.
The police had
5 5 I I want tooffer
my most ........................... apology forthe
I've caused.
to offer you
you all my
for the trouble I’ve
74.2
74.2
Choose the
correct adjective
adjective to complete
complete each
each sentence.
Choose
the correct
11 I I persuaded him
him to come on therather
false// flimsy pretext thatI
the rather false
that I needed some help repairing
my bike.
my
2 2 The
of suspects as he
he has
hasaa cast-iron
cast-iron/ / sincere alibi.
The police have struck George off their list of
3 3 Lauren’s
Lauren's excuse fornot
my party was
Ionvincingl/ lame —– you'd
for not coming to
to my
was pretty convincing
you’d have thought
up with something better than that.
she could have come up
4 4 Kate sends Ieartfelt
me this evening —– she's
gotaa
heartfeltl / perfect apologies for
for not coming with me
she’s got
bad dose of
offlu.
bad
flu.
5 5 The
explanation of the events leading up
up to
The police officer asked us for
foraa Ietailed
detailedl / phoney explanation
the incident.
6 6 I I hope you've
Ieakl/ good excuse forforgetting
it's my
my birthday today.
you’ve gotaa weak
for forgetting it’s
74.3
74.3
Complete
the second
second sentence
so that
that it
the same asthefirst,
as the first, using
the word
word in
Complete the
sentence so
it means
means thesame
using the
in
capitals.
the form
form oftheword
of the word in
capitals.
capitals. Do
Do not
not change
change the
incapitals.
11 ‘I’m
‘I'm sorry
sorryII broke your vase, Gina,’ Matt said. (apologised)
(APOLOGISED)
Matt
vase.
Matt .................................................................................................................................................................... her
her vase.
22 He
He had
had acted in
ina a very inhumane way, but the criminal did not
not seem torepent.
(REPENTANCE)
to repent. (repentance)
The
not .............................................................. the
The criminal did not
the inhumane way
way in which he had acted.
33 At the
end of the
(ACQUITTAL)
the end
the trial, the
the accused was
was acquitted. (acquittal)
The trial
trial ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............ .. .. .. ............ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............ .. .. .. ............ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ......... .. .. .. .. ....... .
The
4 4 Sam
Sam did
did not
not offer any
any explanation for
(EXPLAIN)
for his strange behaviour. (explain)
Sam ............................................................................................................................ he
he had
had behaved so strangely.
Sam
74.4
74.4
Correct the errors in these sentences.
The President granted him
was due
11 The
himaa repentance just an
an hour before he
he was
due to be
be executed.
22 He
He was
was exonerated of murder in 2014, but two
two years later was
was convicted of armed robbery in the
the
same courtroom.
the judge
33 She
She showed
showedaa complete lack of reprieve for her evil deeds and just laughed when thejudge
sentenced her.
4 4 The
The Public Inquiry pardoned him from all blame fortheaccident
for the accident at the factory.
the old man
the bad
5 5 Just before he
he died, the
man said he
he remorsed all the
bad things he
he had
had done in his life.
Ten years after his death, Daniel Taylor was
was given
6 6 Ten
givenaa humorous pardon by the government when
another man
man confessed to the crime he had
had been hanged for.
7 7 He
He treated her badly and
and she says she simply cannot forget and
and forgive.
The ceasefiring is due
due to
to start at
8 8 The
at9 9 pm.
pm.
74.5
74.5
Rewrite the
underlined parts
parts of
of the
using words
on theopposite
page
Rewrite
the underlined
the sentences
sentences using
words fromC
from C on
the opposite page
and fill
gaps witha
Useaa dictionary
if necessary.
necessary.
and
fill the
the gaps
with a suitable
suitable verb.
verb. Use
dictionary if
11 The
fighting during the religious holiday.
The two
two armies ...........................a a period without fiehtine
22 Both governments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. toto thethe terms of
ofthe
endine the war
and it
the document ending
war permanently and
was
on 15 August 1954.
was signed on
33 The
to work together between thegovernment
the government and the
the unions is in
The long-standing agreement towork
of
danger of
.
44 The
outat
The generals ........................... the
the agreement toend
to end fiehtine
fighting while peace terms were worked out
at
midday on 25 February 1996.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
155
A A pat
pat on
on the
the back: complimenting
7S
75
and praising
and
A
and praise
Collocations with compliment and
The
boss would
getbetter
results ifif she
she paid
paid her
her staff
staff compliments
compliments occasionally.
occasionally.
The boss
would get
better results
He asked
asked us
us what
of his
hissuit,
but he
he was
really only
only fishing
He
what we
we thought
thought of
suit, but
was really
fishing for
for compliments.
compliments.
Take
it as
as a a compliment
compliment that
he feels
relaxed enough
asleep at
at your
dinner party!
party!
Take it
that he
feels relaxed
enough tofall
to fall asleep
your dinner
A A back-handed
back-handed compliment
compliment and
andaa double-edged
double-edged compliment
areones
appear to
be both
both
compliment are
ones that
that appear
to be
positive and
and negative.
negative. Back-handed
Back-handed compliments
compliments tend
haveaa malicious
malicious intent,
intent, whereas
doublepositive
tend to
to have
whereas doubleedged ones
ones are
areusually
made innocently.
innocently.
edged
usually made
II took
it as
as a a back-handed
back-handed compliment
compliment when
hesaidI
looking good
good for
formy
age.
took it
when he
said I was
was looking
my age.
She paid
paid me
me the
ofsaying
my driving
driving was
pretty good
good for
beginner.
She
the double-edged
double-edged compliment
compliment of
saying my
was pretty
foraa beginner.
The
phrase give
praise to
is usually
usually used
used only
only (though
(though not
not exclusively)
exclusively) fora
god. An
action or
or person
person
The phrase
give praise
to is
for a god.
An action
that
deserves praise
praise is
is praiseworthy
praiseworthy and
and people
people are
are praised
praised for
actions.
that deserves
for their
their actions.
Other common
common collocations
collocations are
are widely/
Other
widely/
highly praised,
praised, praised
praised to
skies, to
sing
highly
to the
the skies,
to sing
Common mistakes
someone’s/something’s praises,
praises, to
shower/
someone’s/something’s
to shower/
heap praise
praise on
on someone/something.
someone/something. To
heap
To
The verb to
tocompliment
compliment is followed by on:
damn someone
someone with
praise is
is to
praise
damn
with faint
faint praise
to praise
He
on my
my guitar playing
He complimented me
me on
with such
suchaa lack of enthusiasm that you
you give
).
(NOT He complimented me my guitar playing).
the
the impression of actually having rather
negative feelings.
negative
feelings.
B
Other expressions
expressions relating
relating to
praising
Other
to praising
expression
meaning
example
pay tribute to
pay
praise; formal
formal
praise;
AtAt the'memoriaI
service,II paid tribute
the memorial service,
to his
his kindness.
give someone
someoneaa standing
ovation
up and
and clap loudly for
stand up
foraa
long time
At the
end of the concert, the
the end
the audience
gave theyoung
pianistaa standing
gave
the young pianist
ovation.
ovation.
extol the
the virtues/
benefits of
of
benefits
praise highly; formal
be
the toast
toast of
of
be the
be admired forsome
be
for some recent
achievement (often used about
and celebrities)
celebrities)
artists and
At the conference, the Prime Minister
extolled the
new trade
extolled
the virtues
virtues of the new
treaty.
AA few
few months ago, hardly anyone had
now she’s
she's the
heard of her but now
the toast of
Hollywood.
pat someone on theback
pat
the back
// give
give someonea
paton
someone a pat
on
theback
the back
praise, often children (used
mostly metaphorically)
My teacher patted
patted me
me on
back//
My
on the back
gave me
meaa pat
paton
back formy
gave
on the back
for my good
marks in the
the maths test.
earn/win plaudits
plaudits
get positive comments; formal
get
The exhibition
exhibition earned
earned plaudits
plaudits from all
The
the
the major reviewers.
laud (adj. == laudable
laudable (of
laud
behaviour), laudatory (of
orremarks))
comments or
remarks))
praise highly in official
situations; formal
The Prime Minister has
has lauded
lauded the new
new
The
peace initiative.
These
mostly informal
informal expressions
expressions imply
imply praising
praising someone
own benefit:
benefit: to
These mostly
someone for
for your
your own
to flatter,
flatter, to
to
make up
up to,
up to,to
lick someone's
boots. Someone
Someone who
behaves like
like this
can
make
to, tocrawl,
to crawl, to
to suck
suck up
to, to lick
someone’s boots.
who behaves
this can
be called
called smarmy,
oraa crawler
crawler (all
(all informal),
informal),aa flatterer
(neutral) or
or servile,
obsequious
be
smarmy, slimy
slimy or
flatterer (neutral)
servile, obsequious
(more formal).
(more
formal).
Flatter can
can also
also be
be used
used more
more positively.
positively. That
dress flatters
her figure.
herfigure
figure look better
Flatter
That dress
flatters her
figure. [makes her
than it really is]
The
noun flattery
is often
often used
used in
in the
phrase Flattery
Flattery will
get you
nowhere! [insincere praise will not
not
The noun
flattery is
the phrase
will get
you nowhere!
anything]
achieve anything]
1s6
156
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
75.1
75.1
Look at
atAA opposite and
inthese
sentences with one
one word.
Look
and fill the
the gaps in
these sentences
11 A:Do
my new
new hairstyle? B: Don’t
Don't ........................... for
A: Do you like my
for compliments.
22 At the meeting everyone was
was ........................... your praises.
3 3 He’s
He's not very good at
at ........................... people compliments.
44 Mrs Carrington is always praising her
her pupils ........................... the
the skies.
5 5 It may
may sound
soundaa bit double-edged, but
butII think you
shesays
you should ........................... what she
says
aa compliment.
66 He
He never knows what tosaywhen
on him.
to say when fans ........................... praise on
77 I I didn't
but it has
has been very ........................... praised by
by the
didn’t enjoy the film but
the critics.
8 8 Look at
atthis
It's really ........................... the
this reference. It’s
the candidate with faint praise.
75.2
75.2
Look at
atthetable
inBB opposite. Match
Match the beginning
beginning of
of each sentence with its
its ending.
ending.
Look
the table in
11 The
The performers were given
22 In the
new manager paid
the speech, the new
33 They're
They’re always extolling
44 Matt’s
Matt's design earned him
him
55 The
The teacher gave Becky
66 The
new young Czech player was
The new
was
75.3
75.3
aa tribute to her
her predecessor.
bbaa pat on
on the back forherdrawings.
for her drawings.
c c the
the toast of the
the tennis world.
ddaa standing ovation.
ee thevirtues
the virtues of living in the
the country.
ff the highest plaudits from thejudges.
the judges.
Look
the words below
the table in
Write each
of the following
following sentences
four
Look at
atthewords
below thetable
in B.
B. Write
each ofthe
sentences in
infour
different
ways. Indicate
which ofyour
of your sentences
sentences are
formal or
or informal.
different ways.
Indicate which
are particularly
particularly formal
informal.
11 He’s
He's always sucking up
up to the boss.
22 I I wish she wasn't
wasn’t so smarmy.
75.4
75.4
Complete this
Do not
not fill
boxes. Give
Give two
answers for
Complete
this word
word formation
formation table.
table. Do
fill the
the shaded
shaded boxes.
two answers
for
some of
ofthewords.
Useaa dictionary
dictionary if
if necessary.
necessary.
some
the words. Use
verb
noun
adjective
compliment
praise
laud
flatter
crawl
smarm
75.5
75.5
Choose one
one of
ofthewords
in 75.4
Choose
the words from
from thetable
the table in
75.4 to
to complete
complete these
these sentences.
sentences.
didn’t wina
win a prize, the
the judges were very ........................... about her
efforts.
11 Although she didn't
herefforts.
2 2 Jake’s
Jake'saa real
real. ... .. .. .. .. .. ...., , sosoI I never take much notice of his compliments.
discovered the size of his mistake, he
the boss.
33 When he
hediscovered
he had
had to ........................... toto the
.
4 4 Her
Her actions were foolish but
but her
her motives were
There’s no
you nowhere!
55 There's
no point saying how
how good
goodII am.
am. .. ... .................... will get
get you
we cannot but ........................... the
the skill of
we must express
66 Whilst we
of their actions, we
expressaa certain disapproval
of the risks they took.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
157
76
76
Promises
Promises and
and bets
bets
A
Promises
Promises
If you
you promise
someone theearth/moon,
the earth/moon, you promise thema
them a great deal. It is usually implied that
promise someone
suchaa promise is unrealistic: The
promises to
interesting! [the speaker expects it will be
be
such
The afternoon promises
to be interesting!
afternoon will be
be interesting]
interesting] To
interesting = We
We anticipate that the afternoon
To anticipate something is to
to expect it
before it happens.
Promise
The child already shows great
Promise can also be
be used to indicate positive future development: The
promise
violinist. She’s
promise as
asaa violinist.
She'saa promising
promising artist although her style is still rather immature.
An
isa a formal promise. In court, witnesses are put
put on/under oath
oath when they have
An oath// to swear is
to swear totell
to tell the
the truth.
how swear is often used in informal spoken English in expressions:
Notice how
II could
could have
have swornI
my purse on
Iertain]
sworn I left my
on the table. [was absolutely certain]
lI think she
she lives on
on Rose Street but
butI I couldn't
swear to
[am not
not totally sure]
couldn’t swear
to it. [am
My mother swears by
by these vitamin pills. [uses them and thinks they are
arewonderfulj
My
wonderful]
Tom
bad language.
language. [taboo expressions]
expressions]
Tom often uses swear words// bad
To
pledge (a
(apledge)
has
To pledge
pledge) means topromise
to promise something, often friendship or money: Mayor Williams has
pledged millions of dollars to improve the city centre.
pledged
To
do something: He
He vowed todiscover
To vow
vow (a vow) is to
to makeaa determined decision or promise to do
to discover
who
had killed his father. Ata
exchange vows. Both vow
and pledge
pledge
who had
At a marriage ceremony, the couple exchange
vow and
arefound
are
found more in written than spoken English.
New Year's
resolutions are special promises to turn overaa new
new leaf
leaf at the
new year.
New
Year’s resolutions
the beginning ofaa new
better]
[to change your behaviour for the
the better]
Resolutions and
and vows, like promises
promises or
pledges, can
can be
be made,
made, kept
kept or broken.
broken.
Resolutions
or pledges,
go back
back on your word, you breakaa promise.
If you
you go
Language help
Swear can
can mean either to makeaa solemn promise or to use taboo language.
B
Bets
Bets
To bet
bet (a bet)
bet) is to
to risk something, usually money, on the
the unknown result of something, in the
the hope
ofwinning
lose)a a lot of
of money betting
betting on
on horse racing or football
of
winning more money; people spend (and lose)
ofa a game of
ofsome
matches, forexample.
for example. Putting money on theresults
the results of
some kind is called gambling.
gambling.
The
ofmoney
stake. You
sum of
of money on something
The amount of
money that you
you risk is your stake.
You can
can stakea
stake a sum
at stake,
at risk: Many lives will be
be at
at stake
stake if the
happening. If something is at
stake, then it is at
the flood barrier is
not built.
built.A A more formal word forbetis
wager: She putaa wager
of£10on
not
for bet is wager:
wager of
£10 onaa horse. Both words can be
ina a non-literal sense: I’d
I'd wager
he will come to
badend.
used in
wager that he
toaa bad
end.
There are
areaa number of
ofinformal
informal expressions connected with betting.
Your
best bet
bet would be to
choice]
Your best
to look for
foraa part-time job. [the best decision or choice]
You
Stuart'll win? Don’t
Don't bet
bet on
it! [I think what you've
You think Stuart’ll
on it!
you’ve just said is unlikely to happen]
My granny enjoys having
havingaa flutter
on the
[havingaa small bet]
My
flutter on
the horses. [having
l'd put
put (good)
(good) money
money// bet
betmy
life on
[I'm sure that James will get
get the
I’d
my life
on James getting the
the job. [I’m
the job]
Do you
bet! [I certainly do!]
Do
you feel like coming tothebeach
to the beach with us? You
You bet!
You
can also hedge
hedge your
bets by investing in several companies. [protect yourself from the results of
You can
your bets
choice]
makingaa single wrong choice]
The
odds are
arethestatistical
or betting chances of
ofsomething
The odds
the statistical or
something happening.
What are
aretheodds
ofOlivia
her course, do
do you
the odds of
Olivia finishing her
you think?
The
The odds
odds areagainst
are against her getting that promotion.
1s8
158
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
76.1
76.1
Which sentence in
ineach
pair sounds more
more formal?
each pair
11 A:
A: Ricky promised to love her always.
B: Ricky pledged to love her always.
22 A: Tom
Tom swore he would take revenge.
hewould
B: Tom
Tom vowed he
would take revenge.
33 A: Lou
Lou wagereda
of money on theresult
wagered a lot of
the result of the
the elections.
Lou bet
beta a lot of
of money on theresult
B: Lou
the result of the
the elections.
4 4 A: Lina made
madeaa resolution
resolution at New
New Year to give up
up smoking.
madeaa vow at
atNew
up smoking.
B: Lina made
New Year to give up
76.2
76.2
Fill the
inthese
Fill
the gaps in
these sentences with one
one word.
11 He ........................... her
her the
butthey
ina a tiny flat in the
the moon but
they ended up in
the least attractive part of town.
22 At the trial, the
the witnesses were all under ........................... toto tell the
the truth.
3 3 When you're
bet would be tofocus
on Shakespeare. There are
are always
you’re revising, your ........................... bet
to focus on
of questions about him!
lots of
44 My
My mother’s
mother's notaa real gambler, but she does like to
on
to have the occasional ........................... on
the
the horses.
55 Rob
Rob promised to give me
me his old
old car, but
but he’s
he's gone ........................... on
on his word and sold it to
to
his neighbour.
66 Marina’s
Marina's bound topass
I'd bet
bet my
my ........................... on
on it!
to pass her driving test first time. I’d
76.3
76.3
Rewrite
these sentences
sentences using
the word
word in
brackets, so
the same.
same.
Rewrite these
using the
inbrackets,
so meaning
meaning is
is the
11 I I think you
ina a hotel near the airport. (bet)
(BET)
you should stay overnight in
2 2 My
My father drinks these herbal teas and
and believes they are
arewonderful.
(SWEARS)
wonderful. (swears)
33 John’s
John's been rather lazy with his homework, but
buthe
haspromised
(LEAF)
he has
promised totry
to try harder next year. (leaf)
4 4 I I was
(sWORN)
sure I locked the door whenI
when I went out. (sworn)
was sureI
55 The
new play sounds as if it is likely to
be as
as good as
as his last one. (promises)
(PROMISES)
to be
The writer's
writer’s new
66 I’m
I'm sure that the Democratic Party will win
(MONEY)
win the
the next election. (money)
77 Do
Do you
buy national lottery tickets? (flutter)
(FLUTTER)
you ever buy
88 Her
Her mother disliked the
badlanguage.
(sWEAR)
the film because it contained so much bad
language. (swear)
99 The
(ANTICIPATE)
The documentary promises to be controversial. (anticipate)
10 I I minimised my
my risk by
by buying shares in both of
ofthe
hadaa serious chance of
10
the companies that had
of
(HEDGE)
winning the contract. (hedge)
76.4
76.4
0Over
v e r tto
o you
•• ‘Promises and
and piecrusts are made tobebroken,
\Jonathan Sw'i/t,
to be broken, they say.’ (Jonathan
Swift, Irish writer,
1667—1745)
1667–1745)
What point is Jonathan Swift making, in your opinion, and
and how
how is his use
use of language
effective?
the surest way
way in the
the world to makeaa body want togo
to go and
• • ‘To promise not to do
doaa thing is the
1835—1910)
do that very thing.’ (Mark Twain, American novelist, 1835–1910)
Do
you agree with him?
Do you
•• Look at
atwhat
one another during
duringaa wedding service:
what some people promise one
‘... toto have and
and to hold from this day
day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in
‘…
sickness and
and in health; to love and
and to cherish, till death us do
do part.’ (part
[part of Church of
of
England wedding vows)
What wedding vows do people make in your country? Can
Can you
you translate them?
•• In the
UK and
and the
US, witnesses in law
law courts swear that the evidence they give will be
be
the UK
the US,
and nothing but the truth’.
‘the truth, the
the whole truth and
What oath do
do witnesses have to swear in your country?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
159
77
Reminiscences and regrets
A
Looking back: sharing memories
A: It’s
see you
you again. Gosh, it’s
ten years
A:
It's great to see
it's ten
we were at
school together!
together! Any
Any idea what
since we
atschool
the school is like these days?
theschool
B: No, I’ve
out of
of touch'
touch1 with things ever
I've been
beenaa bit out
since I moved away from London.
sinceI
A: I I wonder what became
became of
of2 that maths teacher.
I I think his
his name, if
ifI I recall
recall3,was
Mr Sanderson.
, was Mr
4
WhenI
back°,I, I realise now
now how
how difficult
When I think back
things must have been forhim,
_... .
for him, having to teach
the
do you
hear anything
anything of5
the likes of us! And
And do
you ever hear
James?
No,II haven’t
haven't heard
heardaa thing.
B: No,
A:
A: And
AndI I often wonder what Sanjay ended up doing.
I've lost touch with him
him too. Thinking back,
back, we
had some great times, didn’t
didn't we?
I’ve
we had
we?
reminds me
me of
of how
how we
B: Yeah. Seeing your phone there reminds
we used to text under our desks, right under
theteacher's
the teacher’s nose.
A: Yeah, that takes me
me back
back to°theday
my phone rang whena
to6 the day my
when a school inspector was
was observing our
class and
and II got
got into big trouble.
haveaa vague memory
memory’7 of
ofthat.
it's all
all coming back
back to
me now
now .8. They confiscated
B: Yes,I
Yes, I have
that. Actually, it’s
to me
your phone and you stormed out of
ofthe
classroom!
the classroom!
A: Yeah. But
ButI I must saythat
in my
my mind
mind°9 is the
say that what stands out in
the amazing freedom we
we used to have.
Me too. WhenI
look back,
back,I I realise how
how much things have changed.
B: Me
When I look
A:
reminiscing about
about'100 my
my teenage years and
and wonder if our
our children will have
A: Yes,I
Yes, I often find myself reminiscing
the same happy memories when they grow up.
up.
11
look at
atthe
rose-tinted spectacles
spectacles“,
don't we?
ButII guess
guessaa bit of
B: Yes, we
we all tend to look
the past through rose-tinted
, don’t
we? But
2
12
nostalgia' does nobody any harm!
nostalgia
‘1 not
notknowing
hashappened
knowing what has
happened recently
°10 thinking about pleasant things that happened in
22
the past
the
where he is and
and what happened tohim
to him
11
11
and
see only the pleasant things aboutaa situation and
'3 ifI I remember correctly
4
not
the
things
that
can
not
notice
the
are
unpleasant
(you
can
° think about the past
say
spectacles)
also
say
rose-coloured
spectacles)
5
receive any
any news about
12
"aa feeling of pleasure and
and sometimes slight sadness
°6 makes me
me remember
the
same
time
you
think about things that
at
the
as
you
7
not
notaa very clear memory
the
happened
in
the
past
8
"I'm
I’m beginning to remember it more clearly
9
"whatI
can
what I remember more than other things (you can
my mind)
also say
say sticks out
out in my
Common mistakes
B
160
160
Expressing regret
regret
Expressing
DDon’t
on't confuse remind and
and remember:
time with
with my
when she
was ill.
II regret
regret not
not spending
spending more
more time
my aunt
aunt when
shewas
ills
Seeing the class photo again
He
sign of
for what he
He showed
showed no
no sign
of remorse
remorse forwhat
he had
had done.
done.
reminded me
ofmy
me of
my unhappy
She
felt great
for what
what had
She said
said she
she felt
great shame
shame for
had happened
happened and
and
schooldays (NOT remembered me).
and guilt about
apologised to us all. [embarrassment and
something bad that happened]
II felt great pangs
pangs ofguilt
and remorse thinking of all the
bad things that had
had happened and my
my
of guilt and
the bad
guilt,, regret,
part in them. [sudden sharp feelings, especially of painful emotion; collocates frequently with guilt
conscience,, remorse]
conscience
ofexpressing
Some formal, rather literary ways of
expressing regret:
II rue
rue the
day we
and ‘the fact that’]
the day
we ever met. [I regret very much that we
we ever met; collocates strongly with ‘the day’ and
II lament
lament thepassing
the passing of time. [I feel sad
sad that time passes]
II mourn
mourn my lost opportunities. [I feel sad
had but
but did
not take up]
sad about opportunitiesI
opportunities I had
did not
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
77.1
77.1
Fill the
one word.
Fill
the gaps with one
11 ........................... back,
back,I I can’t
can't believe how
how I I survived the first day
my old
old job. It was
day in my
was horrendous.
22 What ........................... ........................... in my
my mind whenI
my schooldays was
when I think of my
was our class trip to
to
Edinburgh.
33 what
Did he
he ever get to be one?
What ........................... ofof that friend of yours who
who wanted to
to beaa pilot? Did
44 Do
Do you ever hear ........................... ........................... your old
oldcollege
college friend Martine these days?
55 WhenI
had quite
quiteaa hard life; my
my parents were poor.
When I ........................... ..........................., , wewe had
66 WhenI
get together with my
my old schoolmates, we
When I get
we often ........................... about thefun
the fun times we
we
had.
77 I’m
I'maa bit ........................... of
of ........................... with what's
sinceI I
what’s happening with our old hockey team since
but someone said they're
stopped playing, but
they’re doing quite well these days.
88 II got
gota a sudden feeling of ........................... as
as wewe drove past our
our old house. We'd
We’d had some happy
times there.
99 WhenI
saw the
me just whataa wonderful holiday we
had had.
When I saw
the photo, it all ........................... back to
to me
we had
spectacles. It wasn't
10 You're
You’re always looking at the past through rose- ........................... spectacles.
wasn’t all wonderful,
you
you know.
ofmy
11 II have onlyaa very ........................... memory of
my early childhood in Canada. It was
was all so
so long ago!
she wanted tostudy
didn't she? Did
12 what
What happened toyour
to your sister? IflI ..........................., , she
to study chemistry, didn’t
do that?
she ever do
77.2
77.2
Look at
atCC opposite.
opposite. Match
Match the beginning
beginning of each
each sentence with its
its ending.
Look
11 I I felt some pangs
22 I I rue
rue the
day
the day
33 I I feela
feel a certain remorse
4 4 I I regret
55 I I mourn
66 I I felt no
no shame
77.3
77.3
aa my
my lost youth.
b b because I’d
I'd done nothing wrong.
cc not contacting her earlier.
dd II agreed to go into business with him.
ee of
ofguilt
guilt about what happened.
ff about what happened. It was
my fault.
was my
Write these
these sentences
sentences in
formal language.
the word
word in
brackets.
Write
in more
more formal
language. Use
Use the
inbrackets.
11 I’m
I'm sorry thatI
didn't buy
buy her
heraa birthday present. (regret)
(REGRET)
that I didn’t
22 They didn’t
didn't seem theleast
had done. (remorse)
(REMORSE)
the least bit concerned about what they had
33 I I now
now greatly regret the
my studies. (rue)
(RUE)
the fact thatI
that I discontinued my
4 4 I I wish our relationship hadn’t
hadn't broken down. (lament)
(LAMENT)
55 The
sad about the
(MOURN)
the loss of the
the beautiful trees. (mourn)
The whole village felt sad
77.4
77.4
0Over
v e r tto
o you
•• What stands out in your mind when youthink
own childhood?
you think about your own
you ever think ‘I wonder what became of
…?’ When this happens, who
•• Do
Do you
of...?’
who or what do you
think about?
•• Is there any
any aspect or time of
ofyour
of?
your life that you
you only have vague memories of?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
161
78
Agreement, disagreement and compromise
A
Agreement: sharing views
verb + preposition
meaning
Hercomplaints
we have received from
Her
complaints tally with the comments we
other people.
oragree
match or
agree with
His opinion concurs with the general opinion of the experts on
on this
matter.
share/agree with an
an idea/opinion
idea/opinion
The
The President found herself in full accord with the opposition.
Your views coincide with mine on thequestion
and
the question of crime and
punishment.
punishment.
Hisbehaviour
doesn't conform totheschool's
expectations.
His
behaviour doesn’t
to the school’s expectations.
My parents approve of
my choice of profession and
and support me
me fully.
My
of my
be in complete agreement with
as
be the same as
fit in with
think something is right or
or good
The
noun from
is approval;
approval; an
an action
action can
can meet
meet with
approval. [be
[beliked
by
The noun
from approve
approve is
with someone's
someone’s approval.
liked by
that person]
Note the
expression to
agree to
differ, which
is used
used when
people continue
continue to
hold different
different
Note
the expression
to agree
to differ,
which is
when people
to hold
opinions but
but see
see no
no point
point in
in continuing
continuing to
argue about
about them:
couldn't reach
reachaa consensus
consensus at
atthe
opinions
to argue
them: We
We couldn’t
the
meeting, so
so we
agreed to
differ.
meeting,
we just
just agreed
to differ.
B
C
and social disagreement
Political and
noun
meaning
There is dissent in the
on the issue.
the party on
The
The general discord between thecommittee
the committee
hadaa negative impact on
on the club.
members had
The
The growing rift in the
the Democratic Party over
now public.
defence policy is now
A A major split in the
the Labour Party resulted in several
new party of
ministers taking the decision to forma
form a new
their own.
the Socialist Party over
There is (a) major division in the
economic policy.
builda a new
new airport in this area
Government plans to build
are bound tocause
to cause controversy.
opposition to the accepted way
ofthinking
opposition
way of
thinking
Compromise
Compromise
lack of agreement or harmony (suggests arguments
and rows)
and
disagreement (with different groups/factions
forming)
whena
up into two
when a larger group breaks up
two or more
smaller groups because they disagree about
something
similar to split but
but more abstract and
and formal (can be
be
countable or uncountable)
aa lot of
of disagreement about
aboutaa subject, usually
affectsa a lot of
of people
because it affects
Language help
The
have reached
reachedaa compromise
over
The two
two sides
sides have
compromise over
the
plan to
build the
new road
road across
acrossaa nature
nature
the plan
to build
the new
AA good way
has
way toagree
to agree with what someone has
reserve.
reserve.
say either Absolutely!
Precisely!
said is to
to say
Absolutely! or Precisely!
The
Minister was
not prepared
prepared to
The Minister
was not
to compromise
compromise
A: It would be risky to leave yourjob
your job without
on theissue
of raising
raising university
university fees.
on
the issue of
fees.
getting another one
first.
one first.
The
government made
made several
concessions to
The government
several concessions
to
B: Precisely!yAbsoIuteIy!
Precisely!/Absolutely!
the
protesters. [accepted some ofthedemands
the protesters.
of the demands of]
The
management and
and theunion
reachedaa
The management
the union reached
settlement
and the
strike ended.
[reachedaa decision/agreement]
settlement and
the strike
ended. [reached
In this
particular case,
case, we
exercise some
some discretion
and not
not say
anything that
cause
In
this particular
we should
should exercise
discretion and
say anything
that would
would cause
more conflict.
conflict. [be sensitive, use
use our
our judgement]
more
judgement]
162
162
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
78.1
78.1
Add theprepositions
normally accompany
accompany theverbs
usethese
the prepositions which normally
the verbs to the table. Then use
these
expressions to fill the
inthe
below. Use
Use each item
item once only.
expressions
the gaps in
the sentences below.
verb
verb
preposition
preposition
verb
verb
preposition
preposition
approve
concur
conform
compromise
tally
(bein)
(be
in) accord
coincide
11 The
of principles
to the
setofrules
The list of
the normal idea of whataa set
of rules should be trying
to achieve.
22 My
My views ......................................... completely with yours. We
on exactly the
We think on
the same lines.
3 3 This plan is in ......................................... with the proposal made by
bythecommittee
the committee in 2011.
44 Her
Her latest statement simply does not
not ......................................... with her earlier ones. She
She is
contradicting herself.
5 5 I I ......................................... of
of all the
and hope they can be made towork.
the changes suggested, and
to work.
66 For once all the
one another.
the committee members ......................................... with one
77 Even thoughI
I'm willing to ......................................... on
on your proposal to increase our
our
though I disagree, I’m
expenditure.
78.2
78.2
Match these
newspaper headlines
headlines with
most suitable
extract below.
below.
Match
these newspaper
with the
the most
suitable extract
11
RIFT OVER PENSIONS POLICY GROWS
fi
2
DISSENT MUST BE KEPT WITHIN LIMITS, MINISTER SAYS
33
PARTY SPLIT OVER TAX CUTS NO LONGER A SECRET
4
DIVISION IN EUROPE OVER RESPONSE TO AFRICAN CRISIS
5
RELIGIOUS DISCORD THREATENS SOCIAL HARMONY
a
bb
Approximately 509c
50%
of members now
now
think it would have
been better to leave
things as they were.
c
Intolerance
Intolerance towards
towards
others’ beliefs
beliefs seems
others'
seems
to
to be
be increasing
increasing
and there
and
there have
have been
been
isolated
outbreaks
isolated outbreaks
of
of violence.
violence.
d
There is
There
is increasing
increasing
pressure
on
pressure on
the Minister
to
the
Minister to
consider a change
considera
change
to her
to
her Party’s
Party's
approach tO
to social
approach
SOCi£tl
welfare.
ee
Severa1 different
di/ferent
Several
national
approaches have
emerged which
could weaken
unity.
unity.
He made
He
made thepoint
the point
that to
disagree is
that
to disagree
is
everyone's right,
everyone’s
right,
but aa sense
sense of
of
but
responsibility is
also
responsibility
is also
important.
important.
78.3 Rewrite
Rewrite the sentences using
usingaa noun
noun from thesame
root as
as the
underlined word. Make
Blake
78.3
the same root
the underlined
any other changes
changes necessary.
necessary.
any
11 The
allowedaa place on
on the committee.
The President conceded that the opposition party should be allowed
22 I I think you
people's private lives.
you should always be as discreet as possible when it isa a question of people’s
3 3 The
The landowners settled their dispute with the authorities over the proposed factory site.
4 4 The
putan
The negotiating team were able to compromise and put
an end tothelabour
to the labour dispute.
55 The
has proved very controversial.
The decision to close the
the railway line has
66 There are
areaa number of
ofdissenting
dissenting views among theBoard
the Board members.
77 The forthcoming leadership election has
has divided the Green Party.
8 8 Javier’s
Javier's parents approved of
of his decision.
English Vocabulary
Vocobulary in Use
Use Advanced
163
79
Academic writing: making sense
A
Presenting arguments and commenting on others'
others’ work
advocate something, you
He advocated capital punishment.
If you
you advocate
you argue in favour of it: He
deduce something, you
reachaa conclusion by thinking carefully about the known facts: Look
If you
you deduce
you reach
at
these sentences and
you can
deduce how
the imperfect tense is used.
atthese
and see if you
can deduce
how theimperfect
infer something, you
reachaa conclusion indirectly:
indirectly: From contemporary accounts of his
If you
you infer
you reach
can infer
infer that results were slower to come than he had
had anticipated.
research, we
we can
If someone's
someone’s work complements
complements someone else’s,
else's, it combines well with it so
so that each piece of work
Elswick's (2016) research complements
complements that of Johnson (2012).
becomes more effective: Elswick’s
If someone's
someone’s work overlaps
overlaps with someone else’s
else's work, it partially covers the same material.
You
ambiguous
You might call someone's
someone’s work: empirical
empirical [based on
on what is observed rather than theor
theory]
y1., ambiguous
interpretationsj,, coherent
coherent [logically structured],
comprehensive [covering all that is
[open to different interpretations]
structured], comprehensive
relevant],, authoritative
and expert]
expert]..
relevant]
authoritative [thorough and
B
Talking
and processes
processes
Talking about
about figures
figures and
are referred to as
as arbitrary,
arbitrary, they are based on
on chance or
or personal choice rather thana
If figures are
than a
system or data that supports them.
norm are
aredifferent from what is typical.
Figures that deviate from the
the norm
If statistics distort the
the picture, they givea
give a false impression.
incidence of something, e.g.
e.g.a a disease, you
how often it occurs.
If you
you refer to
to the
the incidence
you are talking about how
predominant, it is the
If something, e.g. the
the incidence of brown eyes, is predominant,
the largest in number.
ina a process, happen in
insequence,
ina a particular order.
If things, e.g. stages in
sequence, they happen in
can say that it is
If you
you want tosaythat
to say that something happens in many places or with many people, you
you can
widespread, e.g. widespread outbreaks of
of an
an illness, widespread alarm.
C
Words typically used
used in
in academic
academic contexts
contexts
academic verb
everyday verb
append
add (at the
the end)
conceive
contradict
demonstrate/indicate
denote
negate
perceive
reflect upon
reside
trigger
utilise
think up
up
go
go against
show
beaa sign of, stand for
be
out
make useless, wipe out
see
see
think about
lie, live
cause
use
academic expression
everyday expression
an instance
instance of
an
of something
something
an example of
ofsomething
an
something
the
converse
the converse
the
the opposite
very important
crucial
crucial
notwithstanding
notwithstanding
164
164
somewhat
somewhat
despite this
rather
thereby
thereby
in this way
way
whereby
whereby
by which (method)
by
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
79.1
79.1
Which ofthefive
inAA opposite best
best fits in
in each
each sentence?
of the five verbs in
11 The
and Swedish teams work in similar areas, but
but their research, fortunately, does not
not
The French and
.. However, the French data ........................... the
the Swedish data very well.
2 2 Look at
atthecomplete
setofgraphs
and see if you
can ........................... the
the complete set
of graphs and
you can
the rules governing the data
from them.
33 This article ...........................a a different approach tothe
to the problem.
44 AA great deal can
can be
be ........................... about the artist’s
artist's state of mind from his later works.
79.2
79.2
Which ofthefive
adjectives in
inA A best
best describes
describes each
each ofthese
of the five adjectives
of these things?
11 aa textbook written by
by the
the most highly regarded expert in the
the field
2 2 research based on
onaa survey of
ofthe
the population
33 aa poem which can be understood in two
two quite different ways
44 an argument which is well-expressed and
and easy to follow
55 aa textbook which gives
givesaa broad overview of
of an entire discipline
79.3
79.3
Answer these
these questions
which use
vocabulary fromB
from B opposite.
opposite.
Answer
questions which
use vocabulary
11 Iflf the
the incidence of asthma in children is increasing, what is actually going up: (a) the
the seriousness of
ofasthmatic
asthma attacks or (b) the
the number of
asthmatic children?
22 What are
arethenext
36?
the next two
two numbers in this sequence: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36?
3 3 Iflf the
ina a maths test was
68% and
and Ulla’s
Ulla's mark deviated noticeably from that
the average mark in
was 68%
Ulla's mark?
average, what do we
we know about Ulla’s
44 If facts are
are distorted, are
are they presented (a) accurately, (b) clearly or (c) in
ina a misleading fashion?
55 If sociologists choose the subjects of their research in an
an arbitrary fashion, do
do they take care to get
people from an appropriate balance of backgrounds?
79.4
79.4
Useitems
rewrite the
underlined parts
parts of
sentences in
inaa more
more formal
Use
items fromC
from C to
to rewrite
the underlined
of the
the sentences
formal
academic style.
style.
academic
11 The
notbe
The information lies in archives that must not
be opened until 2050.
22 He
He thought up
up his theory while still
stilla a young man.
33 Each of
ofthe
the symbols in the
the phonetic alphabet stands for
foraa sound.
44 This study went against what was previously held to be
be true, and
and so
so started
startedaa great deal of
discussion amongst specialists in the
the field.
5 5 Details of the
attheend
ofthereport.
the experiment have been added at
the end of
the report.
6 6 Jelowski’s
Jelowski's book thinks about the rise and
and fall of
of great Empires over two
She sees the
two millennia. She
Roman Empire as an example of
ofaa pattern that has
has repeated itself in other times and
and other parts
of the
the world.
79.5
79.5
Rewrite this
paragraph. Change
bold words
and use
usewords
opposite to
make it
it
Rewrite
this paragraph.
Change the
the bold
words and
words fromC
from C opposite
to make
sound
more academic.
academic.
sound more
¥aNxxmm
The
up in order to
The present study was
was initially thought up
validatea
new method ofenquiry
by which genetic
validate a new
of enquiry by
be used topredict
information could be
to predict disease. The
The study
goes against the findings of Hill (2009); indeed it would
appear to show theopposite
the opposite ofwhat
of what he claimed. It
presentsa a rather different view ofthegenetic
presents
of the genetic factors
which cause disease. Despite this, the
the study does not
wipe out
Hill's, asas his studies served the very important
out Hill’s,
purpose ofdevising
of devising symbols to stand forcertain
for certain
tendencies, in this way
way facilitating further research.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
165
80
Academic writing: text structure
A
reinforcing, exemplifying
Explaining, reinforcing,
Look at
atthese
extracts and
and note
note the
contexts in
in which
inbold
occur.
Look
these extracts
the contexts
which the
the words
words in
bold occur.
Th
The
Prime Minister
Minister reiterated'
reiterated1 her
her concern
concern that
that the
the debate
debate
e Prime
should not
not be
be dominated
dominated by
by personal
personal attacks.
summarised22
should
attacks. She
She summarised
the new
new policy
policy as
being progressive
progressive and
radical …
the
as being
and radical.••
byJohn
It was
wasa a philosophy first
first expounded’
expounded5 by
John
...
Ruskin in the
the 19th centur.
century. If human …
Several scientists have posited'a
posited7 a
link between climate change and
bird migration patterns...
patterns …
i1
The recent events underscores
underscore6 the need for
foraa
The
better understanding of the environmental impact
of
the …
of biotechnology. If this phase in the
...
In
for8 the
the lack
lack of
interest, political
political
In an
an attempt
attempt to
to account for'
of interest,
analysts
have looked
looked at
past voting
voting patterns.
the basis
of …
analysts have
atpast
patterns. On
On the
basis of...
repeated, restated
developed, proposed
^6 emphasise
’7 suggested asaa basic fact or principle
^ 8 explain, find the
of
the cause of
5
z 2 described
described briefly the
the main facts or ideas
areaa perfect example of
of
are
° saying that something is certainly true
3
4
B
Peter
comments epitomise°
attitude of
of
Peter Burnett's
Burnett’s comments
epitomise3 the
the attitude
mmany
ny
in
il
parents
schools are
are
parents nowadays
nowadays in asserting‘
asserting4 that
that schools
children
to
among children
to blame
blame foranti-social
for anti-social behaviour
behaviour among
and that...
and
that …
and including
Categorising and
Chinese visitors
comprised// made
made up
up 70%
70% of
ofthe
hotel's guests
guests last
last year.
[consisted of]
Chinese
visitors comprised
the hotel’s
year. [consisted
The
course is
iscomprised
oftwo
elements: reading
reading and
and writing.
writing. [is composed of]
The course
comprised of
two elements:
These
approaches can
can be
be subsumed
under one
one heading.
heading. [brought together, united]
united]
These two
two approaches
subsumed under
The
book embraces
embracesaa number
number of
ofissues,
economic to
religious ones.
ones. [covers, includes]
The book
issues, from
from economic
to religious
Her philosophy
philosophy is
is diff
difficult
as belonging toaa particular type or class]
Her
icult to
to categorise.
categorise. [label as
Common mistakes
is followed
followed by
by of
o/when
we refer
refer to
elements which
which compose
compose something:
something: The country consists
Consist is
when we
to the
the elements
consists
of five major regions (NOT consists on/in or
orcamistsTive).
of
consists five).
C
Structuring the
the text
aresome
and arranging the parts of an
an essay.
Here are
some words and expressions forordering
for ordering and
function
in the
text
function in
the text
example
example
beginning
to preface
with a true story. /'prefis/
/ˈprefɪs/
I I should like to
preface my
my argument witha
outthetext
mapping out
the text
I I shall return
return to this point later in my
my essay.
This brings me/us tomy
next
area
of discussion, which is finance.
to my
connecting points
focusing
ordering points
to address
I I should now
now like to
address the question of the arms race.
The
are presented in ascending/descending order of
ofimportance.
The arguments are
importance.
quoting/referring
The
be cited in support of
ofthe
The ideas of several writers will be
the argument.
The text alludes to several themes that need closer examination.
examination.
The
including/excluding
material
upon“ thebigquestion
There will only be space to touch upon*
the big question of political responsibility.
deal with all the
It is impossible to deal
the issues in this short essay.
beyond thescope
ofthis
Discussion of the roots of the
the problem is beyond
the scope of
this essay.
drawing conclusions
We are forced
conclude that unemployment will always be with us.
We
forced to
to conclude
”touch upon means toinclude
*touch
to include something only briefly
166
166
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
80.1
80.1
Look at
atthese
extracts from essays
essays and
and use
use words fromAA opposite
opposite to improve
improve their style,
Look
these extracts
making theunderlined
more formal.
making
the underlined words more
11 The
ustheimportance
of having
havingaa full investigation
investigation of
The response from the
the public really shows us
the importance of
the
the facts.
2 2 This view of
ofthe
out by
by the
philosophers.
the world was
was originally laid out
the Ancient Greek philosophers.
33 It is not
not easy to find the
the reason forthe
for the fall in population of these birds.
4 4 Economists have said there might
mieht be
beaa link between exchange rates and
and a a general lack of
confidence in the
the European Union.
55 I I should like to
say again
aeain here that the issue is not
not one
one that can
can be
be easily resolved.
to say
66 The
ofthe
The recent events are the best example of
the dilemma faced by politicians the
the world over.
7 7 In
Ina a 2010 article, Charles Plestow said with great
ereat certainty that the whole European Medieval era
had been misinterpreted.
had
88 The
ofhertalk
The lecturer briefly repeated the main arguments of
her talk at the
the end.
80.2
80.2
Rewrite these sentences using
using the verb in
inbrackets
and making
making any
any other necessary
necessary
Rewrite
brackets and
changes.
changes.
11 70%
70% of
ofthe
(COMPRISE)
the landmass is mountain ranges. (comprise)
22 AA wide variety of subjects are dealt with in the
(EMBRACE)
the book. (embrace)
33 I I think these three sections can
can all come under one heading. (subsume)
(sUBSUME)
44 The
up into different sections by
by topic. (categorise)
(CATEGORISE)
The poems in this book have been divided up
55 The
(cONSIST)
The course has five modules, from which students must choose three. (consist)
80.3
80.3
Fill
the gaps
gaps with
with words
from C that
that express
the meaning
brackets.
Fill the
words fromC
express the
meaning in
inbrackets.
11 I I shall ... ...... .. ...... .. ... toto this line of argument later in the
the book. (come back to)
2 2 The
us toto our
our next topic: the
The question of monetary union ........................... us
the idea ofaa federal Europe.
(means we've
we’ve arrived at)
3 3 Smithies just ........................... upon thesubject
but does not
notgo
the subject of internet policing, but
go into it in depth.
(mentions only briefly)
4 4 I I shall attempt to ........................... the
ofcensorship
discussion. (attend to,
the problem of
censorship later in this discussion.
consider)
consider)
55 Psychological factors in learning foreign languages are ........................... this article. (outside of the
the
topic area)
66 I I shall discuss the poets in ........................... order, that is to
to say
sayI I shall comment on theleast
the least
important ones first. (going up)
77 In the
are ........................... that there is little hope of
ofstamping
the final analysis, we
we are
stamping out illegal drugs
altogether. (have no
no choice but to believe)
believe)
altogether.
8 8 This unit has
has attempted to ...........................a a range of useful vocabulary for
forformal
formal writing. (give all
the
the necessary information about)
80.4
80.4
0Over
v e r tto
o you
orexpressions
subject(s)
Choose six words or
expressions from this unit which you could use in your special subject(s)
of study. For each word or expression, write a sentence relevant to your subject(s).
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
167
81
Writing: style and format
A
Aspects of writing
ina a hurry, you
can scribblea
If you're
you’re in
you can
scribble a note to someone. [write quickly, without much care]A
care] A note is likely
to
be in
ina a more chatty
chatty style than, say,a
to be
say, a business letter. [when used about writing; informal]
informal]
I'll just jot down (informal)
(informal)/ / make
makeaa note
note of (more formal) your phone number before
beforeII forget it.
I’ll
[write something down toremember
to remember it]
She got
got so
so bored at
atthe
and writing irrelevant
She
the meeting she spent the whole time doodling.
doodling. [drawing and
things on
on the paper in front of her]
I'll copy
on hotels for you. [copy in writing]
I’ll
copy out
out theinformation
the information on
I'm just drafting
an application letter for that jobI
I’m
drafting an
job I told you
you about. [makingaa first attempt at writing
something] (noun = draft
drafi:: the
an essay)
something]
the first drafi
draft of an
down everything the lecturer says. [copy in writing what is spoken]
Some students write
write down
She's writing up
up her dissertation
dissertation at the
she's very tired and
and stressed. [makingaa proper final
She’s
the moment, so she’s
written text based on
on previous draft
drafts]
s]
She bought the
manuscript of
ofaa famous poem at
atthesale.
authors
She
the manuscript
the sale. [original version produced by the author]
B
Type
and print
print
Type and
Learning to
one of
ofthe
most useful
useful things
I've ever
ever done.
done. [type, using all your fingers
Learning
to touch-type
touch-type was
was one
the most
things I’ve
without looking at the keyboard]
keyboard]
I've finished
my book.
book. I’ll
I'll email
email the
publisher tomorrow.
[anauthor's
has not
I’ve
finished my
the typescript
typescript to
to the
the publisher
tomorrow. [an
author’s text that has
yet been published]
published]
I'll run
run you
atthesame
outj
I’ll
you off
offa a copy at
the same time. [print out]
I've done
done thetext,
but II want
it properly
properly before
before printing
printing it.
it. [create the
I’ve
the text, but
want toformat
to format it
the page as it will appear
when printed]
II usually cut
cut and
and paste
paste or copy
copy and
and paste
paste bits of material from my
my notes when I’m
I'mwriting an
an essay,
then
link them
all together.
then link
them all
together. [move text from one place to another electronically]
The
and numbers on
onaa keyboard can all be
be called characters
often
The letters and
characters –—aa password oft
en needs to
to be
atleast
characters, forexample.
at
least eight characters,
for example.
These words
words are
in bold and
are italicisedf / in
in italics.
italics.
These
areinbold
and these words areitalicised
These
areina
shaded box.
box.
These words
words are
in a shaded
These words
words are
inaa diff
erent font
font size
from the
the rest
are ina a different
different font
These
arein
different
size from
rest and
and these words arein
or typeface.
or
typeface.
inverted commas
double quotation
quotation marks.”
marks.” ‘This one
one is in single
single
“This sentence is in double
double inverted
commas// double
quotation marks
marks// single
single quotes.’
quotes.’
quotation
margin]
This
sentence is
is indented.
indented. [begins away from the normal margin]
This sentence
*“This
**
This sentence has two
two asterisks in front of it.
• • This sentence has
hasaa bullet
bullet (point) in front of it.
Types of
ofbrackets:()
round brackets
brackets: ( ) round
< > diamond/angle
diamond/angle brackets
[][ ] square
square brackets
(}{ } curly
curly brackets
CAPITALS or
orUPPER
CASE (more technical) is the
CAPITALS
UPPER CASE
the opposite of
small letters
letters or
or lower
lower case.
person has
has written
her name
name
small
case. This
This person
written her
inblock
SEE&BE
in
block CapitalS:
capitals: A4‹7/via
MONICA KEEBLE
This is part of the
ofan
atthe
the first page of
an academic book. Look at
the
and the
ofthedifferent
structure and
the names of
the different elements. The
The numbers
on the
linej
on
the extract are in superscript.
superscript. [written above the
the normal line]
168
168
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
›,‹hoI›s,
Psychology
Today11
Todoy
An
An introduction22
Contents
Contents
Chapter 1 What is psychology?
psychology?"3
definitions'
1.1 Some defi
nitions4
1.2 Psychology vs
psychiatry
1
title 2 2 subtitle
‘title
subtitle 3 chapter
chapter heading
heading
4
sub-heading (within
°sub-heading
(withina a chapter)
Exercises
81.1
81.1
Complete these sentences. The
letter of
of the
missing word or
orphrase
is given.
Complete
The first letter
the missing
phrase is
11 Let me
me justj j ........................... ........................... your email address, or I’ll
I'll forget it.
2 2 I’ll just ss...........................a a note forPreeti
her where we've
for Preeti to tell her
we’ve gone.
33 I I spent the whole lesson justd
of my
my exercise book,
book,II was
just d ........................... in the
the margin of
was so
so bored.
44 She’s
She's been w...........................
........................... her
her PhD
PhD thesis for the
no
w
the last three months, that's
that’s why
why no
one has
has seen her.
one
5 5 I’ll email youa
of the
so you
can suggest any
any changes before we
you add ........................... of
the letter, so
you can
we send it.
6 6 In
Ina a bibliography, it is normal practice to put
put book titles in
ini i ........................... rather than inverted
assome
commas, as
some students do
do at first.
7 7 If you
use even
evenaa sentence from someone else’s
else's work in your essay, then you
putit
you use
you must put
it in
q q ........................... and
and acknowledge where it came from.
88 Your computer password should consist of at least eight cc..........................., , with at least one
one number.
99 Please rr........................... ...........................a a copy of
oftheagenda
foreveryone
the agenda for
everyone coming tothemeeting.
to the meeting.
isa a footnote.
10 Writers sometimes use an aa........................... toto indicate that there is
81.2
81.2
Circle the
Circle
the correct answer todescribe
to describe these sentences.
11 II love
love the
the summer.
summer.
2 2 WILL YOU
YOU BE QUIET!
3 3 This is crazy.
4 4 Can
Can you
read this?
you read
this?
5 5 I’ve
I've missed you.
6 6 so
soii wrote to mr
mr smith.
77 ANNETAYLDR
ANNE TAYLOR
88 {See
(See next page}
page)
99 [Not suitable for children]
children]
10 <johnjo@speedmail.com>
81.3
81.3
Match
the words
words tomake
to make compound
Match up
up the
compound nouns.
nouns.
11 bullet
22 type
33 inverted
44 square
55 font
81.4
81.4
upper case
bold
italics
upper case
bold
italics
upper case
bold
italics
new typeface new
new font size
new
new typeface new
new font size
new
upper case
lower case
block capitals
small letters lower case
block capitals
diamond brackets
curly brackets
square brackets
round brackets
curly brackets
square brackets
diamond brackets
curly brackets
square brackets
66 quotation
quotation
77 block
88 lower
99 touch
10 chapter
10
aa marks
bb typing
cc point
dd heading
ee capitals
ff commas
gg case
hh brackets
i face
j j size
Fill the
gaps in
inthese
page.
Fill
the gaps
these sentences
sentences witha
with a word
word from
from theopposite
the opposite page.
you write an
11 It’s
It's better to be
be more formal when youwrite
an academic essay and
and not use such
suchaa ...........................
style.
2 2 I I think you
it's printed
you should ........................... your CV differently if you
you want it to
to look good when it’s
out.
33 She
She works in the
the museum, conserving ancient ............................ .
4 4 Dima got
gotinto
into trouble with the teacher because his essay wasa
was a cut-and- ........................... job
job straight
internet.
from the internet.
5 5 You
You waste so much time typing with just two
two fingers –— you
you really should learn to
.
6 6 I’ll ...........................a a letter of complaint to the restaurant,
restaurant, but
but I’d
I'd like you
beforeI I finalise
you to
to check it before
it.
7 7 Mrs
Mrs Ward taught the children to ........................... the
the first line of each paragraph when they wrote
stories.
8 8 My
My PhD
PhD thesis was
and its ........................... was
The
was called Socialisation through children's
children’s literature and
was The
Soviet example.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
169
82
Whatchamacallit: being indirect
A
Vague and general words
In informal speech, we
we make frequent use of rather vague words and words with many different or
rather general meanings, like thing or get.
That's
of the
him about. [thing
[thing== subject]
subject]
That’s one
one of
the thingsI
things I want totalk
to talk to him
has got
gotaa thing about mice. [she either really likes or
or dislikes them]
Laura has
Don't make
make suchaa big
bigthing
of it!
it! [Don’t
[Don't make somuch
Don’t
thing of
so much fuss about it!]
There wasn't
we could do
do about it. [a thing = anything]
anythingj
wasn’taa thing we
For one
one thing,I
haven't got time. For
For another thing,I
can't afford it. [Firstly …,
..., secondly …]
...]
For
thing, I haven’t
thing, I can’t
The
is,II have totake
my car for
introduceaa topic ora
The thing is,
to take my
foraa service tomorrow morning. [used to introduce
or a
an explanation]
problem, or to provide an
explanation]
As
are at
at present, …
... [as the
situation is]
As things are
the situation
II don’t
don't get what you're
[understand]
you’re saying. [understand]
[send1
We must getthat
get that parcel in the
the post today. [send]
We
She had
had big plans to travel the
it together. [took positive action or
She
the world but she just never got it
herself]
organised herself]
sorted (out)
(out) today. [organise things so that the problem is solved]
solvedj
Jill will get
get things sorted
II hope
hopeI I can
can get
get her
her to
myself this evening. [be alone with her]
to myself
B
When
When youcan't
you can’t think
think of
of the
the word
word
When we can’t
can't rememberaa word or
orname,
name, we
we often replace it witha
with a vague word.
For objects: thingy, thingummy/'0Iqomi/,
thingummy /ˈθɪŋəmi/, thingumijig/'0I§9IIiad$Ig/,
thingumijig /ˈθɪŋəmədʒɪg/, thingamibob /'6IqaIzl9bob/,
/ˈθɪŋəməbɒb/,
whatsit, whatchamacallit /'wDt/amo,ko.1It/,
/ˈwɒtʃəməˌkɔːlɪt/, whatnot
Have you seen the thingy we
we use forkeeping
for keeping the door open?
Forpeople:
For
people: whatsisname /'wDtsIzneIm/
/ˈwɒtsɪzneɪm/ (fora a man); whatsername /'wotsaneim/
/ˈwɒtsəneɪm/ (fora a woman)
Didyouseewhatsisname
Did
you see whatsisname today?
use thingy foreithera
Note that these words can be written in different ways. It is also possible to use
for either a
man or
oraa woman:I
man
woman: I was
was talking to thingy about that yesterday.
C
Quantifiers
Quantifiers
For example, the
Some quantifiers are common in informal speaking but are rare in formal writing. For
following expressions mean
meanaa lot of:
bags of
of
masses of
of
dozens of
of tons of umpteen
of aa load of loads of aa mass of
II can
can help you
I've got
bags of
oftime.
you —– I’ve
got bags
time.
They can afford to go
go on
on expensive holidays as they've
loads of
of money.
they’ve got loads
I've tried phoning her
herumpteen
hermobile.
I’ve
umpteen times but she never seems toanswer
to answer her
mobile.
These expressions mean
meanaa little or
or some:a
bitof,a
of.
some: a bit
of, a scrap of.
I've got
gota a bit
bit ofa
I’ve
of a headache.
You've
but you
haven't doneaa scrap of work.
You’ve been sitting there all day
day but
you haven’t
D
Being indirect
indirect and
and less
less threatening
Being
threatening
aresome
aresaying
Here are
some expressions which we
we can use in speech to make what we
we are
saying sound less
threatening and
and potentially offensive to the
the person we
we are talking to.
It's not
not the
most practical/sensible/intelligent/appropriate thing you've
[it's impractical
impractical/ /
It’s
the most
you’ve ever done. [it’s
not very sensible/ / rather unintelligent/ / inappropriate]
not
It's not
not the
mean that in
inthe
nicest possible
possible way.
It’s
the most practical idea –—andI
and I mean
the nicest
No offence
offence intended,
intended, but
butI I think you've
misunderstood the basic problem.
No
you’ve misunderstood
If you
mind me/my
me/my saying so,
If
you don't
don’t mind
so,I I think that you
you could have handled that better.
I I gather you
[I've heard it from someone]
you feel upset by the recent changes in the
the office. [I’ve
Incidentally, have you paid your money for
introducea a new
new subject
Incidentally,
for theclub
the club outing yet? [often used to introduce
an indirect way]
into the
the conversation in an
Whataa load of idiots –— present
present company excepted,
excepted, of course. [not including you
me]
you or me]
The
myself included,
included, have not
not been working quite as hard as we
The staff here, myself
we should.
170
170
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
Exercises
82.1
82.1
Look at
atAA opposite. Explain
Explain what theunderlined
expressions with thing
thing and
and get mean
mean
Look
the underlined expressions
inthefollowing
in
the following sentences.
11 Don’t
Don't make such
suchaa big
biethine
I'm only going for
thing about it. I’m
foraa few
few days.
22 Jess has got
eotaa thine
but her
her natural frizz suits her
her much better.
thing about wanting straight hair, but
3 3 The
is,I I don’t
don't know when we'll
be at home.
The thine
thing is,
we’ll be
44 Unless thines
eet away for
things change, we
we won't
won’t be able to get
foraa holiday.
5 5 We
haveaa number of
ofthines
eet through before lunchtime.
We have
things to get
66 I I don't
eet on
on with them very well. once
For one thin
, we
ike different
di erent thin
s. For
For another,
another,II find
don’t get
For
thing,
we like
things.
them quite rude.
77 Did you
eet what thelecturer
saying?I I didn’t
didn't get
eetaa thine.
you get
the lecturer was
was saying?
thing.
88 I I hope we
eeteverything
It's time we
eot it together!
we can get
everything sorted out
out today. It’s
we got
82.2
82.2
What words do
do you think the speaker is
is looking
looking for
in each of
ofthese
for in
these sentences?
Choose from thewords
inthebox.
Choose
the words in
the box.
colander
hammer
pin
rolling pin
protractor
sieve
Daniel Craig
11 Where's
so there aren’t
aren't any
any lumps in it?
Where’s the thingummy for
for sifting the
the flour so
2 2 Look, isn’t
isn't that whatsisname? The
The actor who
who was
was in the
the latest James Bond?
33 I I can't
can’t find the
the thingumibob formeasuring
for measuring angles.
4 4 Have you got
gotaa whatsit, you
you know, forbashing
for bashing in nails?
5 5 Where's
fordraining
Where’s the thingy for
draining potatoes?
66 I I need
needaa whatchamacallit –— you
ofthose
you know, one of
those things forflattening
for flattening pastry.
82.3
82.3
Look at
atthesentences
in 82.2
82.2 again
again and
and finda
used
Look
the sentences in
find a different
different vague
vague word
word from
from theone
the one used
inthe
Where's the whatchamacallit forsifting
the flour so
in
the exercise, e.g. Where’s
for sifting the
so there aren't
aren’t any
any
fzimps in it?
lumps
82.4
82.4
Look at
atC.Rewrite
underlined parts
parts of
sentences in
inaa more
more informal
informal style.
style.
Look
C. Rewrite the
the underlined
of these
these sentences
11 The
had great
ereat numbers of
ofpink
and yellow flowers.
The garden had
pink and
22 I’ve
I've asked her out
outaa great
ereat many times, but
but she’s
she's always got some excuse.
33 He
He hasn’t
hasn't done a__yn
he first got
got the
any useful work here since he
the job.
4 4 I’ve
I've got
got a a large
laree number of
ofpapersI
papers I want togetrid
to get rid of.
5 5 Alice invited
inviteda a great
ereat many people to her party at the weekend.
66 Yasmin's
gotaa great
ereat deal of energy —I
don't know where she
she gets it all from!
Yasmin’s got
– I don’t
77 AA great
ereat many people were turned away because the lecture room was full.
8 8 She
She was
any valuables on
on her desk.
was told am
many times not to leave any
82.5
82.5
Look at
atD,and
gaps in
inthis
Look
D, and then fill the
the gaps
this text.
This is
isa a very boring party, present
present'1 ........................... excepted, of course.
2
No one, myself2...........................
, , seems tobe
ofaneffort
No
to be making much of
an effort to
to
4
chat.I^I 3 ...........................a a lot of
couldn't come. °...........................,
no
chat.
of people couldn’t
, no
5
........................... intended, but
but don’t
don't you
you think you
you could have dresseda
dressed a bit
6
me saying so,
so,II think you
more smartly? If you
you don‘t
don’t °...........................
me
you should
out of
ofyour
clothes.II mean that in the
have changed out
your gardening clothes.
the nicest
77
...........................
way, of course!
82.6
82.6
Over to you
•• Have you got
gotaa thing about anything?
•• Is there anything you
out this week?
you need togetsorted
to get sorted out
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
171
171
83
Give or take: more vague expressions
The
and phrases
phrases in
in this
unit are
are mostly
mostly forinformal
conversation, except
except where
indicated, and
and
The words
words and
this unit
for informal conversation,
where indicated,
may sound
sound inappropriate
inappropriate in
in more
more formal
contexts.
may
formal contexts.
A
for numbers
Vague expressions
expressions for
numbers and
and quantities
quantities
He left
lefta a sum
in excess
of $1
$1 million
million when
he died.
died. [more than; used in more formal contexts]
contexts]
He
sum in
excess of
when he
It'll cost
cost you
somewhere in
intheregion
£900aa month
month torent
flat. [less formal = around/about £900]
It’ll
you somewhere
the region of
of £900
to rentaa flat.
It'll take
hours, give
half an
an hour,
hour, to
informal]
It’ll
take five
five hours,
give or
or take
take half
to drive
drive there.
there. [could take 4.5 or 5.5 hours; informal]
The
second meeting
meeting is
is approximately
andaa half
half months
months after
after the
one. [could be
be between
between99
The second
approximately two
two and
the first
first one.
and 11 weeks.; rather formal]
forma
and
It'll takea
orso
repaired. [more thana
how much more;
It’ll
take a week
week or
so togetthecomputer
to get the computer repaired.
than a week, but unclear how
informal]
informal]
Quiteaa few
hadn't registered.
registered. [a surprisingly or undesirably large number]
Quite
few students
students hadn’t
There
onlyaa smattering
ofwomen
authors among
among theprize
proportion]
There was
was only
smattering of
women authors
the prize winners.
winners. [small proportion]
Would
likea a dash/smidgen
ofchilli
sauce with
kebab? [very small quantity]
quantity]
Would you
you like
dash/smidgen of
chilli sauce
with your
your kebab?
I'd like
likea a dollop
dollop of
of ice
icecream
my fruit
fruit salad.
salad. [usually
[usuallya a small amount; however, we
I’d
cream with
with my
we can also saya
say a
dollop]
large dollop]
II used
used to
have stacks
of CDs
CDs with
my files
on, but
but now
now II have
have them
all on
on one
one memory
memory stick.
to have
stacks of
with my
files on,
them all
stick. [a large
orquantity
informal]
number or
quantity of; informal]
B
Making things
less precise
precise in
in informal
informal conversation
Making
things less
conversation
More or
orless
and adverbs to make things more vague:
More
less is often used with verbs and
II think we've
more or
orless
we’ve more
less solved the problem with the computer now.
My English is more
more orless
as the
My
or less the
the same level as
the other students in the
the class.
A A bit
bit and
and a a bit
bit ofa
are used with adjectives and
and nouns tosoften
of a are
to soften the
the meaning:
I'maa bit
bitfed
up with all the
I'm getting.
I’m
fed up
the complaints I’m
We
ina a bit
bit ofa
We were in
of a panic when we heard there was
wasaa strike at the
the airport.
Or whatever,
like that
and that
kind of
of thing
Or
whatever, or
or something,
something, things
things like
that and
that kind
thing are useful expressions for
for
and actions:
referring vaguely to things and
You
orgalleries
You could work on Saturday, then spend Sunday going to museums or
galleries or
or whatever.
whatever.
activities]
[or similar activities]
If you
don't want
haveaa lemonade
lemonade or
or something.
something. [any other kind of drink you
If
you don’t
want tea,
tea, have
you want]
and things
like that
kind of
In the
the evenings we
we played board games and
things like
that// and
and that
that kind
of thing.
thing. [different kinds
activities]
of entertaining activities]
We
needaa big
bigcontainer
along those
lines would do.
do.
We need
container made ofplastic;a
of plastic; a dustbin or something
something along
those lines
descriptions
[something fitting that description]
He said he
he was
up with all the
and criticisms, or
or words
He
was fed up
the attacks and
words tothat
to that effect.
effect. [or similar words
expressing the same meaning]
Common mistakes
We
do not usually use
use more or
orless
people's ages: He's
He's mate-at-less
We do
less with people’s
He’s about 35 (NOT He’s
more or less 35).
172
172
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
83.1
83.1
Make thenumbers
inthese
sentences less
less precise,
precise, using
using expressions
expressions fromAA opposite.
Make
the numbers in
these sentences
Follow the instructions
instructions in
in brackets.
brackets.
Follow
11 The
new technology over the next five years. (formal,
The company will invest £10.3 million in new
meaning ‘more than’)
22 It will cost you
you £10,000 to have the whole house redecorated. (less formal, approximately)
33 It could take six, seven or eight hours to drive to Aberdeen, depending on the traffic. (an
(an informal
andaa more formal version)
and
4 4 Twenty-seven
exam.II was
and disappointed.
disappointed. (a surprisingly
Twenty-seven students failed the
the exam.
was rather surprised and
large number)
83.2
83.2
These sentences contain some more
more vague language
language items
items used
used in
inconversation
conversation which
arenot
presented on
on the opposite
opposite page.
page. Underline
Underline the items
items that make
make themeaning
less
are
not presented
the meaning less
precise. Make
Makeaa note
note ofthe
grammar (i.e.
(i.e. is
is the
item used
used with nouns,
nouns, adjectives,
adjectives, etc.?).
precise.
of the grammar
the item
11 Her
Her hair’s
hair'sa a sort of reddish colour, and
and I’d
I'd say
say she's,
she’s, well, forty, forty-fourish.
2 2 The
on the
big side, but
but it was
The garden wasa
was a bit on
the big
was very pretty.
3 3 There wasa
and I’ve
I've lost it.
was a kind of elasticky thing that held the two
two parts together, and
4 4 They're
and that.
They’re good shoes. They're
They’re comfortable on
on long walks and
5 5 I’ve
I've been tothe
doctor's and
and had
had treatments and
and suchlike, and
and I’m
I'm sure it helps in one
to the doctor’s
one way
way
or another.
or
83.3
83.3
inthese
Fill the
the gaps in
these sentences with suitable words fromAA opposite.
11 I I had
had a a large slice of chocolate gateau with ........................... of
of cream.
e please.
ane I klike it quite
oo
i dark.
2 uet
Just a
of milk inn my bcoffee,
rep:
:3 HHe put
::,------elon
offhakr'
hair gel
on efo
before
going ou
outtto'th
the party.
4 4 Most of
ofthe
of other nationalities.
the people in the
the class were Spanish, with justa
just a ...............t........... of
5 5 She
She put
puta a ........................... of
of mayonnaise on her
hersalad
and mixed it all up.
up.
salad and
83.4
83.4
Putan
appropriate adjective
adjective or
noun in
inthegap.
usually be
be more
more than
Put
an appropriate
or noun
the gap. There
There will
will usually
than one
one
possible answer.
answer. Then
underline the
ineach
possible
Then underline
the vague
vague expressions
expressions in
each sentence.
sentence.
11 It’s
It'sa a bit ........................... that she
she hasn’t
hasn't rung.
rung.II hope she’s
she's not
not ill.
2 2 The
it'sa a bit of
ofa a .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... . .
The computer keeps crashing; it’s
wasa a bit ...........................; ;I I couldn't
couldn’t remember his name. I’ll
time I see
3 3 It was
I'll apologise next timeI
see him.
44 If you
don't wantaa big
bigmeal,
haveaa ........................... or
or something.
you don’t
meal, you
you could have
55 Make yourself at home. There are
aresome
can just ........................... or
or
some magazines there, or you
you can
whatever.
66 It’s
It'sa a sort of craft shop; they sell ........................... and
and things like that.
7 7 When yougoon
do you
and that?
you go on business trips, do
you have time to go ........................... and
88 There were six of us
us working, so we'd
orless
by 5 5 pm.
pm.
we’d more or
less ........................... by
83.5
83.5
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Which expressions from the opposite page could you
you use to talk about:
•• the amount of
ofrent
pay for your accommodation or
ortheamount
rent you
you pay
the amount youspend
you spend on food each
week?
•• how
how long it takes you
you to get from home toyour
to your workplace or place of study?
•• any
any favourite items you
add to
you like to
to add
to your food, e.g. salt, cream, milk, ketchup?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
173
84
84
The way
way you
you say
say it
The
it
A
Verbs
denoting volume:
quiet to
loud
Verbs denoting
volume: from
from quiet
to loud
Mumble and
andmutter
areboth
mumbling!II can't
Mumble
mutter are
both usually negative: Stop mumbling!
can’t hear what you're
you’re saying.
He was
muttering something under his
hisbreath
He
was muttering
breath —– probably complaining, as usual.
Murmur
be more positive:
They murmured
their approval
when he
told them
them theplan.
the plan.
Murmur can
canbemore
positive: They
murmured their
approval when
hetold
The
murmur means without any
any protest, complaint or comment:
The phrase without
withoutaa murmur
They accepted
without a murmur.
was surprised;
they argue
everything.
They
accepted it
it all
all withouta
murmur.II was
surprised; normally
normally they
argue about
about everything.
Raise your
can be used in positive or negative contexts:
Raise
your voice
voice can
You'll
raise your
She'saa little hard of
of hearing. [speak louder]
louder]
You’ll have to
to raise
your voicea
voice a bit. She’s
Don't you
raise your
at me!
me! [Do
[Do not
notspeak
Don’t
you raise
your voice
voice at
speak in that loud, angry tone.]
Shout, yell,
roar and
and shriek
at:Don't
at me!
Shout,
yell, scream,
scream, roar
shriek are all followed by at:
Don’t shout
shout at
Yell
Yell often conveys urgency, anger, frustration; it is also used when there is much surrounding noise:
He yelled
hiscomputer.
He
yelled at
at the children to stop messing around with his
computer.
he yelled
‘Stay where you are!’ he
yelled above the
the noise of the traffic.
Shriek means loud and
and very high-pitched.
high-pitched. It can
can be
be used in positive and
and negative contexts:
Shriek
she shrieked.
‘Oh, wow! That's
That’s fantastic!’ she
shrieked.
Roar suggests very loud volume, but deeper-pitched, like
likea a lion. It is used in positive and
and negative
Roar
contexts:
The
roared as he kicked the ball into the
ofthe
The crowd roared
the back of
the net.
he roared
roared angrily.
‘How dare you
you come in here!’ he
B
Verbs
describing speech
and styles
conversation
Verbs describing
speech and
styles of
of conversation
Tom
and Lily
Lily are
are always
always nagging
nagging (at)
(at) each
each other.
other. [criticising faults or duties not done]
Tom and
Stop bickering
bickering over
over who
sits by
by the
an irritated
irritated way
Stop
who sits
the window,
window, you
you two!
two! [arguing in an
way usually about
something petty; synonym = squabble]
squabble]
They
all evening
evening slagging
colleagues. [criticising in an
They spent
spent all
slagging offtheir
off their colleagues.
an insulting way; very informal
informal]
Jessie is
is always
always whining
and whingeing.
an annoying way; informal, negative]
negative]
Jessie
whining and
whingeing. [complaining in an
He's been
been chatting
away on
onthephone
all morning.
morning. [suggests light, non-serious talk; note how
how away is
He’s
chatting away
the phone all
used to emphasise continuous/extended talk]
We
always gossip
about work
goouttogether.
etc.]
We always
gossip about
work when
when we
we go
out together. [talk about people, rumours, etc.]
It took
himaa long
long time
realise they
him up.
up.[/'waIndiq/teasing,
It
took him
time to
to realise
they were
were winding
winding him
[/ˈwaɪndɪŋ/ teasing, fooling him; informaI,informal;
phrase,aa complete
complete wind-up]
noun = wind-up,
wind-up, often used in phrase,
wind-up]
II realised
realised she
buttering me
me up.
up. [saying nice things because she wanted something from me; negative]
negatives
she was
was buttering
Rick tends
hisproblems,
don't take
him too
literally. [make something seem greater
Rick
tends to
to exaggerate
exaggerate his
problems, so
so don’t
take him
too literally.
than it really is; noun = exaggeration
exaggerations]
Meg is
is inclined
inclined to
on the
basis of
of her
her very
limited experience.
experience. [make general statements
Meg
to generalise
generalise on
the basis
very limited
about something; noun = generalisation]
generalisation]
C
174
174
Speech
articulation problems
Speech and
and articulation
problems
example
meaning
She speaks witha
with a lisp.
She lisps: she
she says ‘thing’ instead of ‘sing’.
difficulty in making an ‘s’ sound and makingaa ‘th’ sound
instead
He
He hates speaking in front of people because
he's got
gota a really bad
bad stammer.
he’s
speak with abnormal pauses and
and repetitions
she stuttered
‘I want tot-t-t-tell
to t-t-t-tell you
you something,’ she
nervously.
atthe
repeat sounds at
the beginning of words
He was
hiswords
He
was slurring his
words because he had drunk
far too
too much alcohol.
hadaa slow, lazy sound, difficult to
his words had
to understand
II want totell
her I I love her, but
butI I get
to tell her
get tongue-tied.
tongue-tied.
whatII want tosaybecause
of nerves, i.e.
cannot say what
to say because of
emotional rather than physical problem affecting speech
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
84.1
84.1
Without looking
looking at
at the opposite page,
page, can
remember thefollowing?
can you
you remember
the following?
11 aa verb meaning ‘to argue in an
an irritated manner’ ...... ... .... .. ... ..
2 2 a a phrase meaning ‘without complaining’ ... .. ....................
3 3 a a verb meaning that someone often makesaa ‘th’ sound instead ofaa ‘s’ or
or ‘z’ sound ...........................
4 4 three verbs meaning ‘speak very loudly’ that are followed by at
55 how
how the verb roar is different from theverb
the verb shriek ..........................
6 6 a a verb meaning talking about people, usually when they are
are not present, often about their
private affairs .. .. ... .. ...... .. ...
7 7 a a verb meaning totease
orfool
to tease someone or
fool them tomake
to make them look silly ...........................
8 8 a a noun meaning making something sound more important or worse than it really is ...........................
84.2
84.2
Fill the
one word.
Fill
the gaps with one
11 ‘I‘I want toc-c-c-c-come
to c-c-c-c-come with you,’ she
she ........................... nervously.
22 Lara got ..........................., , perhaps because of
ofthe
and didn’t
didn't saya
the famous people present, and
say a word
all evening.
33 I I wish you'd
and stop ............................ .II can’t
can't hearaa word you're
you’d speak up and
you’re saying.
4 4 I I had
had to
at him
him toto be
be heard, the noise of the plane was
to ........................... at
was so loud.
55 ‘I‘I love you,’ he
he ........................... softly.
6 6 I I hate people who
who ........................... about their workmates.I
workmates. I never talk about other people.
77 The
had made her
herspeech very incoherent.
incoherent. She
She was
her words.
The drugs had
was ........................... all her
88 She
She speaks witha
with a ........................... —– she
she says whithper, instead of whisper.
99 I I know Ben
Benisa
can't ........................... about all Canadians just because of
of him.
is a little strange but you
you can’t
84.3
84.3
Choose
the correct word
word tocomplete
to complete these
these sentences.
Choose thecorrect
sentences.
11 They're
and whingeing about everything. Take no notice of them.
They’re always winingf/ whining and
22 I I don't
me up
upf/ down.
you. I think you're
you’re winding me
don’t believe you.I
33 Do
Do you think Peggy was
me up
up forsome
reason?I I wonder why
shewas
was trying to Iicker
bickerl / butter me
for some reason?
why she
was
me?
saying all those nice things about me?
44 You're
me! Just leave me
me alone and
and let me
me watch TV!
naggingl/ slagging me!
TV!
You’re always Iagging
84.4
84.4
Complete the
Complete
the crossword.
crossword.
1
Across
33 people often do
do this on
on
the
the phone forhours
for hours
44 speak in
ina a soft voice
2
3
4
5
Down
11 speak loudly
22 another word forstutter
for stutter
55 make
makeaa loud, deep sound
likea a lion
like
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
175
85
85
Abbreviations and
Abbreviations
and acronyms
acronyms
A
Abbreviations
pronounced as
as individual
individual letters
letters
Abbreviations pronounced
e.g.
e.g.
i.e.
i.e.
AD
AD
B
BC
BC
for example, from exempli gratia (Latin)
that is, from idest(Latin)
id est (Latin)
the
(Latin], used in the
the year of our Lord, from Anno Domini (Latin),
the Christian calendar to count years
an alternative [Common Era]
Eras
since the
the birth of Christ; many people prefer CE
CE as an
BCE
before Christ, used to count the years before the birth of Christ; many people prefer BCE
EU
EU
ID
ID
NB
NB
Iq
IQ
PTO
PTO
USB
USB
FAQ
FAQ
ASAP
ASAP
VIP
VIP
RSVP
RSVP
UFO
UFO
European Union
identity document
orto
out something important
note well, from nota bene (Latin), used asaa warning or
to point out
way of measuring people’s
people's intelligence usingaa system of
of numbers
intelligence quotient:a
quotient: a way
please turn over
Bus:aa type of
of connection between
betweenaa computer and an electronic device
Universal Serial Bus:
frequently asked questions
as soon as possible
very important person
on invitations,
invitations, from French, répondez s'il
s’il vous plait)
plaît)
please reply (used on
/ju:ef'ou/
unidentified flying object; often used to talk about an alien spaceship
/juːefˈəʊ/ unidentified
[before the
the Common Era]
and blended words
Shortened and
bedsit aa flat
only one
one room
room which
isa a bedroom
bedroom and
andaa sitting
room
bedsit
flat with
with only
which is
sitting room
sitcom
short forsituational
comedy:aa kind
kind of
of humorous
humorous TV
programme
sitcom short
for situational comedy:
TV programme
SCi-fi
/'SftIfaI/
science fiction
sci-fi
/ˈsaɪfaɪ/ science
fiction
info
information
info
information
biodata /'b£tIou
delto/ biographical
biographical data:
details about
about someone's
life, job
and achievements
achievements
biodata
/ˈbaɪəʊ deɪtə/
data: details
someone’s life,
job and
biopic /'b£tI9U
Ik/ biographical
biographical picture:
picture:aa film
about the
life of
ofa a real
real person
person
biopic
/ˈbaɪəʊpɪk/
film about
the life
wi-fi
/'WftIfftI/
connection for
forcomputers
and electronic
electronic
wi-fi
/ˈwaɪfaɪ/ wireless
wireless fidelity:
fidelity: wireless
wireless connection
computers and
communications
communications
C
Acronyms
Acronyms
acronyms, i.e. they are
areformed
Some abbreviations are acronyms,
formed from the first letters (or occasionally
syllables) of
ofa a word or
orseries
arepronounced
syllables)
series of words and are
pronounced asaa word.
AIDS
/eidz/
immune deficiency
syndrome
AIDS
/eɪdz/ acquired
acquired immune
deficiency syndrome
NATO
/'neitou/
North Atlantic
Organisation
NATO
/ˈneɪtəʊ/ North
Atlantic Treaty
Treaty Organisation
PIN
personal identification
identification number
number (used on
on credit cards, bank cards, etc.)
PIN
personal
VAT
value-added
on goods), pronounced /vat/
VAT
value-added tax
tax (a kind of tax on
/væt/ or/,vi:ei'ti:/
or /ˌviːeɪˈtiː/
D
Abbreviations used in
inacademic
academic writing and
and bibliographies
fig.
fig.
with a number, in
or other document).
figure (a picture or drawing, often witha
ina a book orother
Example: See
fig. 2.
See fig.
ed.
eds.) editor/editors (often used in bibliographical references)
ed. (plural eds.)
references)
p.
26, see
see pp.
58–61 (from page 58 to
to page 61).
p. (plural pp.)
pp.) page/pages. Examples: see p.
p. 26,
pp. 58—61
cf.
cf.
compare. Example: Carter (1997) investigated
investigated core vocabulary (cf. Lee
Lee 1987).
et
al.
and
to a book or
article with
et al.
and others (used in bibliographical references to refer toa
orarticle
et al.
several authors, usually three or more). Example: O’Keeffe
O'Keeffe et
al. (2010) discuss
this problem.
176
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
85.1
85.1
Insert the
Latin abbreviations
abbreviations fromAA opposite
opposite into
into the
gaps.
Insert
the correct Latin
the gaps.
11 This helmet dates from 500 .............. . It’s
It's over 1,500 years old.
2 2 The
The file extension, ............. the
the letters that follow its name, such as .docx, .jpg, .mp3, tells you
you
what type of
offile
file it is.
3 3 Type your message here. ............., , press ‘save’ before pressing ‘send’, or
may lose your
or you
you may
message.
44 Fruits, ............. lemons, pears or grapes, are sometimes added when cooking poultry.
85.2
85.2
How aretheabbreviations
inthese
How
are the abbreviations and
and shortened expressions in
these sentences
pronounced? What do
do they stand
stand for?
pronounced?
11 NATO is an
an alliance of North American and
and European countries.
22 Their FAQ
FAQ page is completely useless. You
can never find what you're
You can
you’re looking for.
3 3 She’s
She's very fond of
ofsci-fi
sci-fi films.I
films. I prefer biopics.
4 4 I I forgot my
my PIN
PIN and
and couldn’t
couldn't get into my
my bank account online.
55 Do
Do you
you believe in UFOs?
66 Write back asap.
T7 Most of
ofthe
the cafés in town have free wi-fi.
8 8 The
The VAT
VAT rate is different in different countries of the
the EU.
99 AA lot of
of people now
now prefer to use
use BCE
BCE instead of BC.
10 AIDS spread rapidly in the
the 1980s.
10
11 He
He manages togetinto
at most airports.
airports.I I don’t
don't know how he
hedoes
11
to get into the
the VIP
VIP lounge at
does it.
12 Where's
USB connection on
on this laptop?
laptop?II can’t
can't find it.
Where’s the USB
12
85.3
85.3
Answer thequestions.
the questions.
11 If someone asks you
you send them?
you to send them your biodata, what will you
22 Which is likely to
be cheaper to rent in the
ina a city,
city,a a two-bedroom flat or
ora a bedsit?
to be
the same street in
33 If someone asks you
for ID, what do they want?
you forID,
44 If you're
on TV,
watching a sitcom on
TV, are you
you more likely to
to want tocryortolaugh?
to cry or to laugh?
you’re watchinga
55 Ifa a party invitation says RSVP, what should you
you do?
66 If someone asks you
an IQ test, what do they want tofind
to find out?
you to take an
77 If you
see PTO
PTO on
on a a document, what should you
do next?
you see
you do
88 What would you expect to find if you
on a a website?
you clicked on
on ‘live traffic info’ on
85.4
85.4
Correct these
statements about
about academic
academic abbreviations.
abbreviations.
Correct
these false
false statements
article referred to.
11 Smedley and Jones (eds.) means Smedley and Jones wrote the book or
orarticle
2 2 See
See fig.
fig.Z 7 means look at number77 in
ina a list.
al. means Markov wrotea
wrote a book or
article with another person.
3 3 Markov et
etal.
orarticle
33–37 means see
the information on
44 See
See pp. 33—AZ
seetheinformation
on page 33 and
and on page 37.
37.
55 Cf. Oswald (1987) means ‘read Oswald (1987)’.
(1987)’
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
177
86
Prefixes: creating new meanings
A
Common prefixes
prefixes
Common
in- (and its variations im-,
im-, il-,
il-, ir-)
ir-) can
can makeaa word negative, as in inappropriate,
inappropriate, incapable,
incapable,
ininaccuracy, inability
inability and
and imperfect.
imperfect.
inaccuracy,
mis- means wrongly or badly, e.g. misbehave
misbehave and misuse.
misuse. [use in the
orfor
misthe wrong way or
for the
the
wrong purpose]
out- suggests being greater or better than something, e.g. outnumber
be larger in number than
outoutnumber [to be
groups and
and outweigh.
outweigh. [be
[begreater
another group]
greater or more important than something else]
re- has
has the
of‘doagain’
reconsider [think again aboutaa decision or opinion]
opinions,, redevelop
redevelop
rethe meaning of
‘do again’ as in reconsider
and rethink.
rethink. [change what you think about something or
orwhat
doj
and
what you plan to do]
e- has
has the
of‘electronic’
as in e-commerce
e-commerce [buying and
and selling goods online], e-reader
[an
ethe meaning of
‘electronic’ as
e-reader [an
and e-cigarettes.
electronic device forreading
for reading books] and
e-cigarettes. [cigarettes that use water vapour rather than tobacco]
tobacco]
eco- has the meaning of
of‘good
environment, as in eco-friendly
eco-friendly cleaning products, an
an
eco‘good forthe
for the environment’,
eco-city [using energy efficiently and
and producing very little pollution]
pollution] and
and an
an eco-warrior.
[aninformal
eco-city
eco-warrior. [an
informal word
forsomeone
environment]
for someone who
who campaigns to
to protect the
the environment]
B
Preposition-based prefixes
prefixes
Preposition-based
over- may
may indicate (a) an
an excess of something, (b) being above something, or (c) going across
oversomething.
(a) excess
EXCESS
That
overrated in
in my
my view.
It was
(a)
That film
film was
was overrated
view. [people said it was
was better than it really was] It
wasa a
bad restaurant, with an
an overpriced menu. [too high prices]
bad
(b) ABOvE
Several of
of our
our neighbour’s
neighbour's large
large trees
ourgarden.
(b)
above
Several
trees overhang
overhang our
garden. [their branches go over
our garden]
Our garden
garden is
is overshadowed
by theblock
of flats
next door.
door. [the flats cast
castaa shadow
Our
overshadowed by
the block of
flats next
over our garden]
She always felt overshadowed by
by her
herolder,
She
older, more successful, sister. [metaphorical
use, felt less important than]
(C) ACROss
He overstepped
mark when
hesaid
[crossedaa barrier into offensive/
(c)
across
He
overstepped the
the mark
when he
said that.
that. [crossed
behaviour]
unacceptable behaviour]
Will
be staying
overnight? [cross from one day tothe
nextj
Will you
you be
staying overnight?
to the next]
under- may
may indicate (a) less than the desired amount, (b) something below another thing, or (c)
undersome kind of negative behaviour.
(a) less
LESs
Don't underestimate
underestimate the
it will
be less than it really is]
isj
(a)
Don’t
the time
time it
will take.
take. [think it will be
The
understaffed. [lacking staff]
The company is seriously understaffed.
(b) below
BELOW
It's quite
quite wet
underfoot. Did
Did it
it rain
rain last
last night?
night? [on the ground, beneath your feetj
(b)
It’s
wet underfoot.
feet]
The
underlying question is
isa a very difficult one. [the deeper question]
The underlying
question]
(C) negative
NEGATIVE II Wish
notundermine
everythingII do.
do. [attack, weaken]
(c)
wish you
you would
would not
undermine everything
He did
did it
it in
ina a very
underhand way.
and possibly dishonestly]
He
very underhand
way. [secretly and
dishonestly]
up- can
can suggest
suggestaa change of
ofsome
upsome kind, often positive.
The
upgraded me
me tobusiness
my ticket toa
class]
The airline upgraded
to business class. [changed my
to a better class]
There has been an upturn
upturn in the
the economy. [change for the
the better]
C
Less frequent
prefixes
Less
frequent prefixes
con-/com- often suggests mixing things together (often in verbs of
of communication).
con-/comconverse commiserate condolences congeal
congeal contaminate
pro- can
can often suggest pushing something forward or increasing it.
propromote proliferate
proliferate procrastinate
procrastinate procreate
procreate
promote
e- can give the
outofsomething.
ethe idea of something coming out
of something.
They were ejected
ejected from the restaurant for bad
bad behaviour. [thrown out; formal]
The
and then stopped working. [gave out; formal]
formal]
The machine emitteda
emitted a loud noise and
178
178
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
86.1
86.1
Chooseaa word fromAA opposite
opposite to complete each sentence.
Choose
11 They are
areplanning
old bus station.
planning to ........................... the
the area around the old
2 2 It is .. .. .. ... .. .... ... to
use informal language in
ina a formal essay.
to use
33 The
no votes by two
The yes
yes votes ........................... the
the no
two to one.
44 Ivan’s
Ivan's English is excellent but
but he
he still tends to ........................... idioms occasionally.
occasionally.
5 5 We
ouroffer
ofa a job.
We all hope you will ........................... your decision to turn down our
offer of
a e an
ryd I onlyhhave
........ understanding ofthe
6 I’m afraid
of the situation myself.
67 Thete
;i.,ddo nnotutually
These pupils
usually
in class.
88 An
isa a serious problem foranyone
An .. ...... .. ... .. ... . to
to drive is
for anyone in this line of business.
99 Lance seems tobe
of understanding even the simplest instructions.
to be ........................... of
10 Paula lost marks in her
her science test because of
ofthe
her measurements.
measurements.
10
the ........................... ofof her
iS
use the internet in order to sell their products, so ........................... is
11 More and more businesses use
becoming more and more important to the economy.
now choosing to use ........................... fertilisers that don’t
don't harm theenvironment
12 More farmers are now
the environment
or wildlife.
86.2
86.2
Decide which ofthe
meanings ofoverand under- are
are most
most obvious
obvious in
inthe
inbold.
Decide
of the meanings
of over- and
the words in
bold.
Use the
labels (a),
(a), (b)
(b) or
or (c),
(c), as
as in
inB B opposite.
opposite. Circle the
correct letter.
letter. Use
Use a a dictionary
dictionary if
if
Use
the labels
the correct
necessary.
necessary.
11 I I really think she
she overstated
overstated her case, and
and lost
losta a lot of
of sympathy.
22 The
plane's undercarriage
undercarriage failed to
The plane’s
to open and it crashed.
33 AA detailed list of
of awards is given overleaf.
overleaf.
44 He
He has
hasaa very overbearing
overbearing personality.
personality.
5 5 The
underfunded from the outset.
The project was
was underfunded
66 During the cruise,
cruise,a a child fell overboard
overboard and drowned.
77 Priya’s
Priya's contribution to the
has sometimes been underrated.
underrated.
the project has
88 Phil always gets an
an underling
underling to do
do the tasks he
he doesn’t
doesn't enjoy.
86.3
86.3
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
bb
bb
bb
bb
bb
bb
bb
bb
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
Rewrite
these sentences
sentences using
words from
from theopposite
the opposite page.
Rewrite these
using words
page.
11 There are
are more women than men
men on
my course. Women
w wr r«i:number›nen
on my
outnumber men an
on my
my course
course.
2 2 The
meaa luxury room instead of the
one I’d
I'd booked.
The hotel gave me
the ordinary one
33 Would you like to
to spend the
the night there or come back the same day?
44 The
isa a very serious one.
The problem that lies under the surface is
55 For me,
me, the advantages of
of air travel are
are more significant than the disadvantages.
66 I I think this hotel charges too much.
77 It’s
It's slippery walking just here. Be
Be careful.
8 8 The
experiencedaa rise in popularity after it changed its name.
The company experienced
99 I I felt that what shesaid
of my
my position
position and
and weakened it somewhat.
she said was
was critical of
beaa mistake to think Frances was
10 It would be
was less intelligent than she really is.
86.4
86.4
Match these
definitions toa
in
CC opposite.
Useaa dictionary
if necessary.
necessary.
Match
these definitions
to a word
word in
opposite. Use
dictionary if
11 to keep delaying something that must be done
22 tomake
to make something poisonous or less pure ...........................
3 3 toto throw out with force
4 4 suddenly to increase
increaseaa lot in number ...........................
5 5 toto sympathise with someone's
someone’s unhappiness
66 to change from
fromaa liquid or
or soft state toa
to a solid or hard state ...........................
7 7 toto produce young (formal) ..........................
8 8 toto chat (formal) .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ...
9 9 toto send out (a beam, noise, smell or gas)
gas). ... .. .. ... .. ... ...
10 to
10
to encourage people to buy or use something
English Vocabulary
Vocobulary in Use
Use Advanced
179
87
Suffixes: forming new words
A
Productive suffixes
productive. [still
fstill used to create new
new words] You
Many suffixes (and prefixes too) are productive.
You might feel
ofyour
[creating] The
oftheexample
adventurous enough totrycoining
to try coining some words of
your own! [creating]
The meaning of
the example
the root and
the suffix.
words below is clear from the meanings of
ofthe
and the
can be
be used productively, whereas -ible never is. It combines with verbs to form adjectives.
adjectives.
-able can
can be
be washedj
disposable nappies
Note that -able means ‘can be’: a a washable jacket [one that can
washed] disposable
predictable results avoidable
avoidable problems aa manageable
manageable situation
predictable
-conscious combines with nouns toform
one aspect
-conscious
to form adjectives that describe people who
who consider one
health-conscious person class-conscious
safetyclass-conscious society safetyof their lives especially important: health-conscious
conscious company time-conscious
time-conscious workforce
conscious
-free
-free combines with nouns describing something undesirable to form adjectives to describe nouns
without that undesirable aspect: stress-free
stress-free life tax-free
tax-free shop additive-free
additive-free food
-rich combines with nouns (often chemical or organic substances) to form adjectives to describe
-rich
calcium-rich foods
nouns witha
with a lot of that substance: fibre-rich diet calcium-rich
-led combines with nouns and nationality adjectives to form adjectives describing things that are
-led
controlled or influenced by
by the
or nationality:
nationality: community-led
controlled
the original noun or
community-led initiative studentstudentled protest worker-led
led
worker-led uprising
-minded combines with adjectives or nouns toform
new adjectives describing people with particular
-minded
to form new
like-minded friends [with similar interests]
interests] career-minded
characters, opinions or attitudes: like-minded
career-minded young
standards]
women money-minded managers high-minded [having high moral standards]
-proof combines with nouns toform
can resist the
-proof
to form adjectives describing things that can
the damage or
or
ovenproof dish waterproofjacket
idiotdifficulty caused by that noun: ovenproof
waterproof jacket soundproof room idiotproof instructions
proof
-related combines with nouns toform
-related
to form adjectives to describe one
one thing as connected with another:
stress-related absence from work age-related
age-related illness
-ridden combines with nouns toform
of that noun:
-ridden
to form adjectives describing people or things witha
with a lot of
guilt-ridden person crime-ridden
crime-ridden city bedridden
bedridden [a person who
bed because they are ill]
ills
guilt-ridden
who has to stay in bed
-worthy
to form adjectives that describe people or things that merit whatever
-worthy combines with nouns toform
the news] praiseworthy
the original noun refers to: newsworthy
newsworthy incident [worth reporting in the
praiseworthy
action/pupil [deserving praise]
praise]
Language help
The
usuallyaa singular rather thana
The first part of words with -ed, -related, -conscious, etc. is usually
than a plural
noun, e.g. university-led, crime-related, age-conscious (NOT universities-led, crimes-related, agesowl ioniou o).
conscious).
B
Suffixes in different word classes
-ly
quite a few
few adjectives: lively
-Iy is not
not only an
an adverb ending, it also forms quitea
lively children [full of
of energy]
costly
costly holiday [expensive]
[expensive] leisurely
leisurely walk [relaxed] miserly
miserly man
man [mean with money]
-ant is most familiar as an
an adjective ending (relevant information, distant hills) but
but it can
-ant
can also make
an applicant for
an insurance claimant aa police
nouns from verbs to describea
describe a person: an
foraa job an
informant aa quiz contestant
contestant an occupant of
ofaa house
informant
-en makes adjectives from nouns (woollen jumper, golden
golden hair) but
but it also makes verbs from
-en
adjectives: to
moisten
your
lips
to
sweeten
tea
a
situation
worsens
reddens
worsens aa face reddens
to moisten
to sweeten tea a
180
180
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
87.1
87.1
87.2
87.2
Complete thetable
below with the correct
correct phrases.
phrases.
Complete
the table below
suffix
new example in phrase
meaning
-able
-conscious
-free
-rich
-led
-minded
-proof
-related
-ridden
-worthy
a debatable issue
an issue that can
can be
be debated
an
arevery
ofmoney
employers who
who are
very aware of
money
aa city centre without any
any cars
aa drink which provides
providesaa lot of
of energy
fashion that is dictated by
by the
the French
friends who
on sports
who are very focused on
aa car with protection
protection against bullets
crime that is connected in some way with drugs
aa society where there is
isa a lot of
of poverty
aa person who
who deserves others'
others’ trust
Match each
adjective with
nouns it
it best
best collocates
collocates with
inthe
box.
Match
each adjective
with the
the two
two nouns
with in
the box.
EXAMPLE student-led:
Student-led: raballian,
example
rebellion, damanauvl
demonstration
11 additive-free
22 avoidable
33 disposable
4 4 guilt-ridden
55 high-minded
87.3
87.3
and forks income drinks mistake
knives and
rebettiae
rebellion delay foods room criminal
expression glove story booth illness
expression
speech personality dish country
demonstration principles problems economy
Which ofthesuffixes
inA A opposite could
could combine
combine with the words in
inthebox
below to
of the suffixes in
the box below
to
make new
new words? Note
Note that there is
is more
more than one possibility
possibility for each word.
make
child
87.4
87.4
66 newsworthy
77 oil-rich
88 ovenproof
99 soundproof
10 stress-related
dust
calorie
work
inbrackets.
Rewrite the sentences using the suffix given in
brackets.
The weather can't
can’t be
weather is anpr
unpredictable.
11 The
be predicted. (-able) The
Ar +r«//zzxñ
ie
2 2 Poisonous mushrooms can
can be easily identified.
identified. (-able)
for his family. (-minded)
3 3 He
He thinks so
so much about his career that he
he has
has no
no time forhis
(-minded)
The new
supposed to
to be indestructible by
44 The
new speed cameras are
aresupposed
by vandals. (-proof)
5 5 During the Civil War, the country was
was totally overcome by terror. (-ridden)
The soil on
6 6 The
on that farm contains
containsaa lot of
of nutrients. (-rich)
The bank decided that he
to allow him
7 7 The
he did not have enough income to
him credit. (-worthy)
87.5
87.5
Usingaa suffix
up words
meanings.
Using
suffix from
from A,make
A, make up
words with
with the
the following
following meanings.
11 food forvegetarians
for vegetarians must be this
22 connected with class
33 containing
containingaa lot of
of vitamins
87.6
87.6
4 4 can
can be
be dry-cleaned
5 5 very aware of
ofpeople's
people’s clothes
66 initiated
initiated by
by the
the government
Arethefollowing
adverbs, adjectives
adjectives or
or verbs? Use
Useaa dictionary
dictionary if
if necessary.
necessary.
Are the following words adverbs,
11 dampen
22 friendly
33 dearly
4 4 silken
55 roughen
66 masterly
77 kindly
8 8 darken
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
181
181
88
Word-building and word-blending
A
Common well-established
parts
Common
well-established word
word parts
Many literary
literary or
or academic
academic words
in English
English are
are formed
using Latin
Latin and
and ancient
ancient Greek
Greek prefixes
prefixes and
and
Many
words in
formed using
roots. Many
Many English
English speakers
are not
not aware
aware of
ofthe
meanings of
oftheword
parts listed
listed here,
here, but
but
roots.
speakers are
the meanings
the word parts
knowing them
canhelp
understand and
and remember
remember new
new words.
knowing
them can
help you
you to
to understand
words.
word part
meaning
example
autoauto-
self
life, living things
an autonomous
autonomous region [self-ruling]
[self-ruling]
an
cyber-
relating to computers
and robots
aa cybercafé [café where customers can use computers
and the internet]
internet]
and
dede-
opposite action
demotivate [make someone feel less interested
interested and
and
enthusiastic about something]
mono-
monocycle [cycle with just one
one wheel]
monocycle
-graph-
single, one
one
writing
-gress-gress-
step, walk, go
go
aa congress
congress [a conference, i.e.
i.e.a a meeting where people
come together]
-ics
an area of study or
an
knowledge
obstetrics [the study of pregnancy and
and childbirth]
childbirth]
-phon-phon-
sound
phonetics [the study of human speech soundsj
sounds]
-ology
-ology
study
of crime and
and criminals]
criminals]
criminology [the study of
pre- (opp.
[opp. =-- post-)
post-)
pre-
before
advance]
prepaid tickets [tickets paid for in advance]
retroretro-
back, backwards
law [taking effect froma
retroactive law
from a date in the
the past]
technotechno-
relating to advanced
machines
technophobia
technophobia [fear of using technology such as
computers]
computers]
teletele-
overaa distance
telepathic experience [feeling something from
fromaa
distance]
biobio-
biodegradable packaging [able to decay naturally]
naturally]
biodegradable
aa monograph
monograph [long article or
or short book on
onaa single
subject that the writer has
has studied for
foraa long time]
Language help
Although the word parts above will help you
asfreely
you to understand words, you
you cannot use them as
freely to
to
form new
new words as
asthe
and suffixes in Units 86
86 and
and 87.
the prefixes and
B
Blends
Blends
An
interesting, if
if much
much less
less common,
common, way
offorming
is by
by combining
combining two
An interesting,
way of
forming words
words is
two well-established
well-established
words,
e.g. brunch
brunch =a
meal that
isa a combination
combination of
of breakfast
breakfast and
and lunch.
lunch.
words, e.g.
= a meal
that is
heliport:aa place
place where
helicopters can
land and
and take
off(helicopter+
airport)
heliport:
where helicopters
can land
take off
(helicopter + airport)
smog:
polluted fog
fog (smoke
(smoke++ fog)
smog: polluted
fog)
motel:aa roadside
roadside hotel
hotel for
people travelling
by car
car (motor
(motor++ hotel)
hotel)
motel:
for people
travelling by
webinar:aa seminar
seminar delivered
delivered over
over the
internet viaa
designated website
(web++ seminar)
webinar:
the internet
via a designated
website (web
seminar)
guesstimate: an
an approximate
approximate calculation
calculation (guess
(guess++ estimate;
guesstimate:
estimate; verb
verb == to
to guesstimate)
guesstimate)
docudrama: TV
programme that
dramatises real
real historical
historical events
events (documentary
(documentary++ drama)
drama)
docudrama:
TV programme
that dramatises
breathalyser:aa device
device to
out how
how much
much alcohol
alcoholaa person
person has
has drunk
drunk (breath
(breath++ analyse)
analyse)
breathalyser:
to find
find out
182
182
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
88.1
88.1
Using information
information from thetable
in A, explain the
basic meanings
meanings ofthese
Using
the table in
the basic
of these words.
11 biography
biography== mrifing
vat af life
writing about
22 monologue
33 telephone
4 4 autobiography
55 phonology
88.2
88.2
Look at
atthefollowing
parts. Use
Use aa dictionary to find two
new words beginning
beginning
Look
the following word parts.
two new
with these and
and write them in
inyour
notebook. Choose only words that use
use the
your vocabulary notebook.
meanings studied in
inthis
unit. Postman, forexample,
has not
not been
been formed using
using
meanings
this unit.
for example, clearly has
the prefix
prefix post- meaning
meaning ‘after’.
‘afier'
1 1 mono
22 techno
33 retro
44 tele
88.3
88.3
6 6 to
to retrogress
77 graphology
88 to destabilise
99 autograph
55 auto
66 pre
pre
7 7 post
8 8 bio
bio
Rewrite these sentences, replacing the
the underlined words witha
with a word that includes the
the
word part
given. Use
dictionary if
word
part given.
Useaa dictionary
if necessary.
necessary.
11 I I had
had to
put off my
my trip to
(pOST)
to put
to Japan. (post)
II had to
I:ajpast!jnane
ink trip
M”ma to
I:a/ejaan.
postpone my
Japan.
2 2 She
She asked the singer for his signature on
on the back of
ofhertable
(cRAPH)
her table napkin. (graph)
33 She
She tookaa degree in the
atStockholm
(oLOGY)
the science of crime at
Stockholm University. (ology)
44 The
on the writer's
own life. (bio)
(BIO)
The novel is largely based on
writer’s own
5 5 It’s
It's an
an exhibition
exhibition looking back at
atthe
painter's life and
and work. (retro)
(RETRO)
the painter’s
66 He
He believes in the
can cure yourself by
by sueeestine
the idea that you
you can
suggesting to yourself that you
you are cured.
(AUTO)
(auto)
77 Working at
athome
andkeeping
by phone, text-messaeine
and email is
home and
keeping in contact with the office by
text-messaging and
now quite common. (tele)
(TELE)
now
8 8 Some English philosophers in the
(DE)
the 19th century believed in the
the abolition of industry. (de)
9 9 Crime committed through the internet is
isa a huge cause forconcern.
(CYBER)
for concern. (cyber)
88.4
88.4
Rewrite these
replacing the
underlined word
an explanatory
phrase.
Rewrite
these sentences,
sentences, replacing
the underlined
word with
with an
explanatory phrase.
11 Most of
ofthe
on autopilot.
autopilot.
the time, planes fly on
Most of the time planes fly automatically, controlled by a computer rather than the pilot.
2 2 The
doaa graphology
erapholoey test.
The firm makes jobapplicants
job applicants do
3 3 The
any case of
of cyberbullying.
cyberbullyine.
The school always takes very seriously any
44 Matt’s
Matt'saa bit of
ofa a technophobe.
55 He’s
He's giving
givingaa paper at
ataa pre-conference event in Spain.
66 She
She did
didaa course in informatics.
88.5
88.5
What
have been
been combined
What words
words have
combined
tomake
blends? What
do you
to make these
these blends?
What do
you
think
mean?
think they
they mean?
11 infomercial
22 podcast
33 camcorder
44 veggieburger
55 swimathon
66 freeware
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
183
89
English: a global language
A
The
The origins of English vocabulary
80°
LANGUAGE ONLINE
do not easily accept words from other languages into their lexicon
lexicon',1, but
but
Some languages do
has always welcomed them. It is estimated
estimated that English vocabulary has its sources*
English has
sources2
least1120
20 languages. Some languages have, of course, provided English with more
in at least
words than others. English started out
out withaa basic Anglo-Saxon’word
and
Anglo-Saxon3 word stock°.
stock4. Viking’
Viking5 and
Normans6 invaders from the9thcentury
Norman
the 9th century onwards enriched’
enriched7 the language enormously with
ofwords
new words
large numbers of
words brought from their own
own languages. The
The Vikings brought new
ofGermanic
ofFrench.
had an
of
Germanic origin while the Normans spokeaa form of
French. Both sets of invaders had
an
one8 English vocabulary, explaining
explaining why
may sometimes seem
enormous impact on
why English may
tohave
ofthe
to have several words for the
the same basic concept".
concept9. During the Renaissance of
the 15th to
10
theJ
7th centuries, scholars introduced
introduced many words of
ofclassical
origin’".
the 17th
classical origin
. And
And throughout
speakers‘contact
history, English speakers’
contact with the world as explorers, scientists, traders, pirates
and holiday-makers has had
had linguistic consequences"
new words from
and
consequences11 ina a wealth of new
are
every part of the world that they reached. These words taken from other languages are
referred to as loanwords orborrowings.
sometimes referred
or borrowings.
‘1 vocabulary
(specialist term)
vocabulary (specialist
term)
2
where
something comes
where something
comes from
from
*3 Old
Old English
English
44
set of
of words
set
words
5
Norse, from the north of Europe, e.g. Denmark
orNorway
or
Norway
B
C
—
^6 from Normandy,
Normandy,aa region in the
the north of France
7
made richer
richer
made
8
"influenced,
had an
an eff
effect
on
influenced, had
ect on
9
"idea
idea
^10 from Latin or Ancient Greek
ecting language
‘111 results
results aff
affecting
language
English words
languages
English
words from
from other
other languages
language
word
meaning
phrase
Arabic
Arabic
amber
amber
yellowy-orange
tree
yelowy
orange substance
substance originating
originating from
from tree
and used in jewellery
resin and
an
an amber
a”mber necklace
necklace
Dutch
roster
roster
of people’s
people's turns forjobs
list of
for jobs
the cooking roster
roster
Farsi
tabby
tabby
grey and
and brown stripy cat
our old tabby
our
tabby
German
gimmick
gimmick
an amusing or
or unusual way
of attracting attention
an
way of
gimmicks
advertising gimmicks
Greek
tonic
tonic
and better
medicine to make youfeel
you feel stronger and
takea
take a tonic
tonic
Hindi
cot
cot
child's bed
bed with high vertical sides
child’s
inaa cot
sleep in
cot
Icelandic
mumps
mumps
aa childhood illness
mumps
have mumps
Japanese
karaoke
karaoke
type of
of entertainment where ordinary people sing
to
popular music
music
to popular
aa karaoke
karaoke machine
Portuguese
palaver
palaver
unnecessary trouble
Whataa palaver!
palaver!
Russian
intelligentsia
intelligentsia
social class of intellectuals
19th-century
intelligentsia
intelligentsia
Spanish
Spanish
hammock
hammock
net hung
hung and
and used
used as
asaa bed
bed
net
sleep in
inaa hammock
hammock
sleep
Turkish
Turkish
turban
turban
type
of men’s
men's headwear,
headwear, made
made froma
long piece
piece
type of
from a long
of cloth
cloth
of
wear
wearaa turban
turban
False friends
False
friends
may look like words in your language but have
haveaa diff
different
Some English words may
erent meaning. Such words
areknown
asfalse
Giglooks
[present] but
but
are
known as
false friends,
friends, e.g. the
the German word Gift
looks like the
the English word gifi
gift [present]
resemblesaa word meaning, simply,
actually means poison in German. The English word sympathetic
sympathetic resembles
nice in many other European languages, but in English sympathetic
sympathetic hasaa much narrower meaning
[understanding and
and caring
caring about
about someone
else's sufferings.
Note also
also that
pronunciation of
ofaa word
[understanding
someone else’s
suffering]. Note
that the
the pronunciation
word
may be
be quite diff
different
pronunciation in its language of
of origin.
borrowed into English may
erent from its pronunciation
184
184
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
Exercises
89.1
89.1
Complete the sentences witha
opposite.
Complete
with a word fromAA opposite.
11 AA linguist may
may talk aboutaa language’s
language's vocabulary as its ........................... .
2 2 Old
Old English is also known as
as .. ... .. ...... .. ...... .
3 3 Ancient Greek and
and Latin are
are referred to as ........................... languages.
44 AA loanword can also be
be termeda
termed a ........................... .
5 5 Where something originates from can be called its .. ... .. .. ... .. ...... .
6 6 A A word forsomething
asaa result of something else is ............................ .
for something that happens as
7 7 A A synonym for
effect
or influence is ........................... .
for eff
ect or
8 8 The
The opposite of impoverish or make poorer is
.
89.2
89.2
Which ofthewords
inBB opposite
opposite do
do these pictures
pictures illustrate?
illustrate?
of the words in
11 ..........................
89.3
89.3
22
33
44
Fill the
gaps with
one of
ofthe
B.
Fill
the gaps
with one
the words
words from
from B.
school tonight —– it should be great fun.
11 We’re
We're having
havingaa ........................... evening at
atschool
22 Most babies these days have an injection to protect them from getting ............................ .
3 3 I I have some lovely
lovely........................... earrings. They match my
my orange scarf perfectly.
4 4 Have
Haveaa refreshing drink of lemon and honey every morning —– it’ll
it'll be
be just the
the ........................... you
you
need to
to make youfeel
you feel better again.
55 Who’s
Who's on the ........................... for
for the
the cleaning this week?
into the
the street as
66 The clowns went out
outinto
asaa ........................... toto advertise their circus.
89.4
89.4
Think
ofwords
have come
language into
into English.
English. Try
Think of
words that
that have
come from
from your
your own
own language
Try to
to find
find words
words
from
areas, which
areparticularly
rich in
in loanwords
loanwords in
inEnglish.
from these
these topic
topic areas,
which are
particularly rich
English.
•• food and
and drink
•• animals, flowers and
and landscape features
•• industrial products and
and inventions
89.5
89.5
89.6
89.6
•• clothing and
and the
the home
•• politics and
and society
•• the arts, sports and
and leisure activities
Makeaa list
list of
English and
and your own
language. Here
Here is
isa a list
list begun
begun by
by
Make
of false friends for English
own first language.
aa Spanish
Spanish speaker.
English
word
similar word in my language +
meaning
meaning in English
complexion
complexion
comytexiân
= person's
complexión =
person’s phys
physical buJxt
build
o{'peormce
skin on
appearance of
of skin
on aa person’s
person’s {one
face (a
(a ctear
clear complexion)
complexion)
&estiItxte
destitute
cLestibx
= remove‹t
destituido =
removed morn
from job
job
withoix£ moneg,
without
money, {oocL,
food, home
home or
or possessions
possessions
These words aresaid
have moved
moved from English
English into
intoaa number
number of
ofother
languages. Which of
are said to have
other languages.
of
them exist
exist in
in your language?
language?
thematic
fields
thematic fields
English source
source words
words
English
food and
and drink
animals
clothing
and social life
political and
and inventions
industry and
and leisure
arts, sports and
beefsteak, jam, pudding, sandwich
bulldog, dog, skunk
blazer, cardigan, pullover, sweater
inflation, strike
parliament, Tory, boycott, budget, inflation,
car ferry, container, freight, computer chip, cable TV
car
TV
ace [1 in playing cards], boxer, football, break-dance
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
185
90
90
Easily
words
Easily confused
confused words
A
Words similar in form and close in meaning
The United Nations should intervene
intervene to stop the civil war. [step in; neutral in meaning]
She shouldn’t
shouldn't interfere
interfere in things that don’t
don't concern her. [involve herself; negative and
and critical]
She
critical]
The
phone's been ringing continually.
It's driving me
me crazy. [very frequently; often negative]
negative]
The phone’s
continually. It’s
continuously until it boils. [without stopping; froma
recipe]
Stir the
the mixture continuously
from a recipe]
There'sa
new series
on TV
exploration. [set of related programmes]
There’s a new
series on
TV about space exploration.
II don’t
don't want tomiss
of Oliver Twist. It’s
It'sa a serial
I'll lose track of the
to miss this week's
week’s episode of
serial —– ifII miss one, I’ll
the
episodes]
story. [set of programmes where thestory
the story continues over different episodes]
We
in the
bigoak
We sat in
the shade
shade of
ofaa big
oak tree. [out of the
the sun; pleasant connotation]
connotation]
The
The evening sun cast long shadows.
shadows. [dark areas or shapes]
They lived in
in the
ofaa chemical factory. [in
[ina a place dominated by; negative connotation]
the shadow
shadow of
connotation]
She complimented
complimented me
me on my
my performance at
atthe
expressed admiration for]
She
the concert. [praised, expressed
II tooka
my other IT
ITskills.
took a course in programming tocomplement
to complement my
skills. [make them seem better, more
complete or more attractive in combination]
B
Words
ofdifferent
but from
area of
of meaning
meaning
Words of
different form
form but
from the
the same
same area
The
cake mixture
mixture should
should be
be moist
moist but
but not
notsticky.
recipe]
The cake
sticky. [slightly wet; froma
from a recipe]
The
climate in
in the
north is
is damp
andrather
cold. [slightly wet
an unpleasant wayj
The climate
the north
damp and
rather cold.
wet in an
way]
The
ofthefestival
‘1,000 years
of culture’.
culture' [the main idea that everything followed]
The theme
theme of
the festival was
was ‘1,000
years of
The
of conversation
conversation soon
soon changed
changed tothe
news. [what the people talked about]
The topic
topic of
to the news.
The
officer noticed
noticedaa broken
broken window.
protection of property, etc.]
etc.]
The security
security officer
window. [concerned with protection
The
officer told
him that
he must
must wear
helmet. [concerned
[concerned with prevention
prevention of accidents, etc.]
The safety
safety officer
told him
that he
wearaa helmet.
etc.]
We
smaller road
road in
in order
avoid the
roadworks on
on the
motorway. [stay away from]
We tooka
took a smaller
order to
to avoid
the roadworks
the motorway.
The
escaped prisoner
prisoner evaded
capture forthree
months. [escaped from; more formal]
The escaped
evaded capture
for three months.
C
Phrasal combinations
Phrasal verbs
may have
have noun
noun forms
different meanings.
meanings.
Phrasal
verbs may
forms with
with different
verb
noun
men broke out of
ofthe
Six men
the prison.
The
The disease has broken out in several villages in
the
the north of the country.
an end
end to
Economists are looking out for signs of an
therecession.
the recession.
He stood at
atthe
He
the corner, looking out for police cars.
The
upaa committee
The Swimming Club decided to set up
to
to look into the
the club rules.
There wasa
was a breakout at the
the prison.
There has been an outbreak ofthe
of the disease in several
villages in the
the north of the country.
The
not good. The
The outlook is not
The economy seems tobe
to be
stagnant.
He was
He
was the
the lookout while the others robbed the bank.
The company setup is quite complex, with branches in
30 different countries.
30
In
two verb
verb forms
forms have
the same
words in
In some
some cases,
cases, two
have the
same words
ina a different
different order
order and
and different
different meanings.
meanings.
verb 1: particle first
verb 2: particle second
intoa a vertical position]
position]
upend [move into
end
up [finish]
[finish]
end up
up [delay]
[delay]
hold up
do
out [decorate]
[decorate]
do out
run out
left]
run
out [use something so there is none left]
set up
up [organise or arrange something]
uphold [confirm, support]
outdo [do
[dobetter
better than]
outrun [run faster than]
orangry]
upset [make someone worried, unhappy or
angry]
Language help
up and
and out
out in the
Common prepositions often occur as prefixes, e.g. up
the table above. Other examples
[overcook, overcome), in (input,
[input, income].
Makeaa note of new
new examples as
asyou
include over (overcook,
income). Make
you meet them.
186
See also
also Unit
Unit 86.
See
86.
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
90.1
90.1
Choose thecorrect
inthese
Choose
the correct word in
these sentences.
11 I I have always tried not
not to
my business.
to Intervenel
intervene / interfere in things that are not my
22 Security/
not good. There have been several accidents involving
Security / Safety at the factory is not
recently.
machinery recently.
3 3 There are
aresome
Ihemesl/ topics
topicsI I don’t
don't like to
my friends, such as politics
some themes
to talk about with my
and religion.
and
4 4 He
He was
ofan
oldbeech
was dozing happily in the
the shade/
shade / shadows of
an old
beech tree.
5 5 The
her latest novel is growing up
up as an only child in the
The themef/ topic of her
the 1970s.
66 The
The teacher intervened/
intervened / interfered to stop the argument between thetwo
the two students.
77 The
had been
beenaa
The receptionist called the
the Iafety
safetyl / security officer once it became clear that there had
burglary.
88 He
He was
or other.
was Iontinually
continuallyl / continuously complaining about something or
9 9 The
The moon sometimes casts wonderful shadowsf/ shade on thesea.
the sea.
10 You
on.Don't
10
You have to
to press the button Iontinually
continuallyl / continuously until the
the green light comes on.
Don’t take
your finger off it, or
or it won't
won’t work.
90.2
90.2
Decide whether the
particle should go
go before or after
after the
inthese
Decide
the particle
the verb in
these sentences.
11 The
can ............. run
run .............a a fast-moving vehicle. (out)
(oUT)
The cheetah is so
so fast it can
22 The
President's car passed. (up)
The police ............. held ............. the
the traffic while the President’s
33 Sean made an
an insensitive comment and
anddidn't
how much he’d
he'd ............. set
didn’t realise how
set ............. Wendy.
(up)
4 4 The
her complaint, and
and she
she was
The committee ............. held ............. her
was awarded compensation. (up)
55 We
do ............. the
(OUT)
We decided to ............. do
the living room and went online to choose paint colours. (out)
66 We
ina a dingy café on
on the
oftown.
We ............. ended ............. eating in
the edge of
town. (up)
77 The
radio's not
not working. The
run .............. . (out)
(oUT)
The radio’s
The batteries have ............. run
88 We
and used it to
We ............. ended ............. the
the sofa and
to block the doorway. (up)
90.3
90.3
Chooseaa noun
noun from the
box that can
be associated
associated with the following sentences.
sentences.
Choose
the box
can be
lookout
outbreak
breakout
upset
outlook
setup
11 There has been violence in the
the capital city.
2 2 My
My stomach was
was bad soI I couldn’t
couldn't go
go to work.
33 The
aregood
The prospects forthe
for the economy are
good over the coming years.
4 4 I I wanted to
how the business was
to learn more about how
was organised.
55 She
She made sure nobody was looking, and
and her
her husband did
didtheshoplifting.
the shoplifting.
6 6 Four prisoners have escaped froma
from a maximum security prison.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
187
91
One word, many meanings
A
Polysemy
AA great many words in English have more than one
one meaning. Linguists call this aspect of
vocabulary polysemy.
atthese
and think about how
how you would translate the
Look at
these sentences and
the words in italics into your
own language.
own
fair
It's only fair that we
It’s
we should share the housework.
The
isa a very important event formost
The Frankfurt Book Fair is
for most publishers.
The
Noir for the
The forecast is for
for the
the weather to stay fair
the next week.
I've got
and burn easily in the
I’ve
got fair skin and
the sun.
His marks in his final exams ranged from excellent to fair.
flat
Thefirefighters
to save the children from the burning third-floor flat.
The firefighters managed tosave
The
and boring.
The countryside round here is terribly flat and
To
payaa flat fee
of £500.
the Fitness Club, you
you pay
fee of
To join the
The
inBB flat minor.
The sonata is in
She finished the
She
the exercise in five minutes flat.
capital
capital
Fill in the
the form in capital letters.
Wellington is the
New Zealand.
the capital of New
You
openaa restaurant.
restaurant.
You need plenty of capital to open
countries.
Capital punishment has been abolished in many countries.
mean
mean
What does ‘coagulate’ mean?
meant
to hurt you.
lI didn’t
didn't mean tohurt
too mean tobuyherflowers.
to buy her flowers.
He’s
He's far too
The mean temperature forJuly
for July is 25°C.
25oC.
The
You shouldn't
shouldn’t be
to your little sister.
You
be so mean toyour
You
needaa different word totranslate
and mean in each sentence.
You probably need
to translate fair, flat, capital and
areclearly
as in countryside has
hasaa connection with flat
//ot as
as in
Sometimes themeanings
the meanings are
clearly related –— flat as
an idea of being on
one level. Sometimes, however, there is no
no
apartment in that they both include an
on one
at all. For
For example, the meaning of
offair
as in Book Fair has
has no
no obvious connection with
connection at
fair as
any of
ofthe
offair.
can be
be called homographs
homographs (words with the same
any
the other meanings of
fair. Words like this can
but different meanings).
spellings but
B
Being
aware ofpolysemy
of polysemy
Being aware
be aware of
ofpolysemy
It is useful to be
polysemy in English for several reasons.
•• You
may not
notbe
has
You need to
to remember that the meaning you first learnt foraa word may
be theone
the one that it has
ina a new
new context.
in
•• You
You need to
to be aware that in English, words can sometimes be used as different parts of speech.
Flat with its apartment meaning, forinstance,
can become an adjective, e.g.
e.g.a a set
for instance, can
set of
of flat keys.
• • Learning about the range of meanings thata
can have can help you
that a word can
you to learn several
meanings forthe
for the price of one.
•• It will also help you
as these are often based on
on polysemous words.
you to understand jokes in English, as
Language help
The context ofaa word with multiple meanings will usually make it absolutely clear which of
oftheword's
the word’s
So you
can understand
understand what, for example, the noun drill probably
possible meanings is intended. So
you can
(a)a a dental context, (b) an
an army context, (c)
(c)a a road-building context, or (d)
(d)a a languagemeans in (a)
learning context.
188
188
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
91.1
91.1
Find the example sentence in
inAA opposite
opposite in
inwhich
fist, capital or mean has
hasthe
Find
which fair, flat,
the
following meaning.
meaning.
11 intend
66 unkind
22 exactly
77 fixed
8 8 neither very good nor
norvery
bad
very bad
33 proper, just
4 4 city with the seat of government
99 money
55 light in colour
10 unwilling to spend money
10
91.2
91.2
What
part of
of speech
is the
italicised word
ineach
example sentences
inA?
What part
speech is
the italicised
word in
each ofthe
of the example
sentences in
A?
Writea
orexplanation
not used
used in
in91.1.
Write a synonym
synonym or
explanation foreach
for each ofthe
of the examples
examples not
91.1.
91.3
91.3
Here are
aresome
more examples
ofpolysemous
inEnglish.
all
Here
some more
examples of
polysemous words
words in
English. Which
Which word
word canfill
can fill all
the
ineach
group ofsentences?
the gaps
gaps in
each group
of sentences?
11 He
He struck
struckaa ........................... and
and wewe slowly began to
to look around the dark cave.
The
any ofof the
The teenage cooks in the
the competition werea
were a ........................... for
for any
the adults.
Their marriage has been calleda
called a ........................... made in heaven.
22 That
a bird has an unusually long
.
Dh n bfforget
dgh tok keep
%LJh
recpgwhen
Don’t
the receipt
when you”pay
you pay your hotel
.
discussingaa ........................... proposing changes
ch”anges”to
Parliament is currently discussing
to copyright legislation.
3 3 Hannah gave usaa lovely ........................... ofof glasses as
asaa wedding present.
Let's now
now try and
and ...........................a a date forour
Let’s
for our meeting next week.
ry .........
therhdfv
about how peoplee should behave.
My ffather
has very
opinions about
44 I’ve
Mve applied for a
ino our
aris office.
n ocompany’s
,’Paris
ice
in
The
end of the race is
is”indicated
bya a ........................... witha
on it.
The end
indicated by
with a flag on
Why
not ........................... your query on
Why not
on an online forum? You're
You’re bound toget
to getaa quick response.
55 I I didn't
my assignment back because the teacher hadn’t
hadn't had
had time to ........................... it.
didn’t get my
Sales have already passed the million
.
You've
on your cheek. It looks like lipstick.
You’ve gotaa red ........................... on
6 6 You
beaa special kind of person to ...........................a a successful business.
You need to
to be
Do you
Do
you fancy going for
foraa ........................... this evening?
Thanks tothe
hotweather,
has had
hadaa ........................... on
on ice cream.
to the hot
weather, our shop has
91.4
91.4
Look at
atthe
Language help
help box.
box. What does
does drill mean
mean in
ineach
ofthe
Look
the Language
each of
the four contexts suggested?
915
91.5
What would
would thegiven
the given word
word be
to mean
each of
the contexts
suggested?
What
be most
most likely
likely to
mean in
ineach
ofthe
contexts suggested?
Use
dictionary if
Useaa dictionary
if necessary.
necessary.
11 register:
2 2 interest:
33 dice:
44 service:
5 5 case:
66 cue:
91.6
91.6
a a a a primary school
a a people planningaa festival
a a a a kitchen
a a people playing tennis
a a in
ina a lawyer’s
lawyer's office
aa people playing snooker
bbaa post office
b ba a bank
bb people playing
playingaa board game
bb in
ina a restaurant
b b at an
an airport
bb in the
the theatre
Explain
these one-line
jokes. They
They are
all based
Explain these
one-line jokes.
areall
based on
on polysemy.
polysemy.
11 II wondered why
me!
why thetennis
the tennis ball was
was getting bigger. Then it hit me!
2 2 Smaller babies may
may be
be delivered
delivered by
byaa stork but
but the
needaa crane.
the heavier ones need
33 Time flies like an
an arrow. Fruit flies like
likea a banana.
44 You
are rising when youbuy
and even down is up.
up.
You know prices are
you buyaa winter jacket and
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
189
92
Collocation: which words go together
A
Adjective+
noun collocations
Adjective + noun
collocations
often
aresome
Nouns oft
en have typical adjectives which go with them. Here are
some examples.
and article:
article:
Compare thing and
we say
we don’t usually say
the
the real thing
the genuine article
the
the genuine thing
the real article
football; I prefer the
the real
thing. [i.e. real football, with 11 players in each team]
II don’t
don't like five-a-side football;I
real thing.
the genuine
genuine article.
article. Those others are just cheap imported copies.
These trainers are
are the
You
can give
giveaa broad
broad summary of
ofsomething
).
You can
something (NOT a wide summary).
You
can describe something in
ingreat
detail (NOT in big detail).
).
You can
great detail
go witha
Some adjectives go
with a restricted range of nouns. For example:
aa formidable
formidable opponent/reputation/task/challenge
opponent/reputation/task/challenge
B
Verb
Verb++ adverb
adverb collocations
collocations
Oft
en, verbs have typical adverbs that collocate with them. The
The lines here show which collocations
Often,
are normal:
She always walks
She
walks too
too
fast.
fast.
quickly.
Let's move
move-'
Let’s
swiftly
on to the
swiftly on
the next point.
It's something
somethingII feel
strongly about (NOT
(NOTII feel powerfully about).
).
It’s
feel strongly
atabout
).
IfI I remember rightly, it happened at
about 6.30 (NOT IfI I remember perfectly).
C
Adverb++ adjective collocations
It is useful to learn which adverbs most typically modify particular types of adjectives. For
For example,
the adverb utterly,
utterly, which means totally
total/y or
or completely, very frequently occurs before adjectives with
negative connotations,
connotations, although it can
can also be
be used with neutral or positive words. Typical examples
are: appalling,
appalling, dismal,
dismal, depressed,
depressed, disgusting,
disgusting, distasteful,
exhausted, false,
false, fatuous,
fatuous, impossible,
distasteful, exhausted,
impossible,
lost,
wrong. Tryto
Try to notice this kind
lost, ludicrous,
ludicrous, naive,
naive, pointless,
pointless, ridiculous,
ridiculous, unacceptable,
unacceptable, useless,
useless, wrong.
of regularity when learning words.
D
Verb
collocations
Verb++ object
object collocations
Verbs and
and their objects oft
often
collocations.
en form collocations.
You
raise your hand
hand toask
).
You raise
to askaa question (NOT lift your hand).
You
can raise
raiseaa family. [bring up
up children] (NOT lift a family)
)
You can
You can
canvisit
outaa website.
visit/ / go
go to/
to / click on/
on / check out
Language help
Collocation is concerned with the way
en in unpredictable ways.
way words regularly occur together, oft
oken
It isa a very good idea when learning new
to learn any
new words tolearn
any typical collocations that go
go with them.
190
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
92.1
92.1
Is the
inthese
Choose the
more normal
normal
Is
the correct word reo/
real or genuine in
these sentences? Choose
the more
collocation. If
If both
both are acceptable, choose them both.
both.
collocation.
11 The
ofthe
arewonderful.
One day
day I’d
I'd love to see
The photos of
the pyramids are
wonderful. One
see the
the Ieal
reall / genuine thing.
22 He
He just doesn’t
doesn't live in the
He lives in
ina a fantasy world all the
the real/
real / 9enUine
genuine world. He
the time.
33 This handbag is made of
ofreal/
real / genuine leather.
4 4 She
She is
isa a very realf / genuine person. If she
she promises something, she’ll
she'll do
do it.
5 5 This home-made champagne is nice, but
but it’s
it's not
not as
as good as
asthereal
the realf / genuine article.
92.2
92.2
Choose one
one of
ofthewords
below each
each sentence to fill the
gaps. In
In each
each case only one
one of
of
Choose
the words below
the gaps.
them is
is the
normal collocation
collocation for the
underlined word. Use
Useaa dictionary if
if necessary.
necessary.
the normal
the underlined
11 After his death, she
she went tothehospital
to the hospital to collect his personal
.
AA affairs
BB objects
CC effects
DD extras
22 He
He made
madeaa rather ........................... attempt at
atan
didn't convince anyone.
an apology, but it didn’t
AA faint
BB frail
C C fragile
DD feeble
onent, and
3 3 George
Ge
andII respected
rispy
opponent,
him forthat.
for that.
was a
wa
BB dreadful
dreadf.
bedhn}'
DD threatening
A for
formidable
C forbidding
4 4 I I began to
shedidn't
to feel ........................... anxious when she
didn’t arrive.
A A totally
BB pretty
CC utterly
DD blatantly
5 5 She
She seemed tobe
to be ........................... bewildered by the answer they gave her.
A A vividly
BB strongly
CC utterly
DD heavily
92.3
92.3
Choose the
most suitable collocation in
in these sentences. The
Choose
the most
The word you choose should
have the approximate meaning
meaning given in
in brackets.
brackets. Use
Useaa dictionary
dictionary if
if necessary.
necessary.
have
11 AA brisk
Iriskl / brusque
brusque// brash walk before breakfast helps to enforce
Inforcel/ Iharpen
sharpenl/ grow theappetite.
the appetite.
and energetic; increase, make stronger)
(quick and
22 The
now risen to
ortotal)
The death tallyf / talef / toll in the
the earthquake has now
to 20,000. (number or
total)
3 3 Let’s
Let's takea
and not energetic)
energetic)
take a sluggish/
sluggish / Ilodding
ploddingl/ leisurely stroll along the beach, shall we?
we? (slow and
4 4 If you
Itterlyl / Ierfectly
OK with me.
me.
you want tostay
to stay at home tonight, that's
that’s utterly
perfectlyl / blatantly OK
(completely, 100%)
55 My
My aunt bequeathedl/ bequestedl/ bereaved £20,000 in her
her will to
to cancer research. (gave after
her death)
her
66 IfI I remember Iightly
had two
rightlyl / keenlyl/ fairly, she
she had
two brothers, both older than her. (correctly)
7 7 If you
can Iccede
you want information about the publisher of this book, you
you can
accedel/ call/
call / visit their website
atwww.cambridge.org.
at
www.cambridge.org. (consult, look at)
8 8 Eating all those peanuts has Ipoilt
my appetite.
appetite.I I don’t
don't feel like dinner now.
spoiltl / Ittacked
attackedl/ lowered my
decreased)
(destroyed, decreased)
92.4
92.4
Which collocation
collocation is
the correct
Which
is more
more likely?
likely? Choose
Choose the
correct answer.
answer.
11 aa strong car//aa powerful car
22 strong tea// powerful tea
33 auburn hair/ / an
an auburn carpet
44 aa doleful party//aa doleful expression
55 aa lengthy room
room/a
/ a lengthy meeting
92.5
92.5
0ve r to
to you
Over
one new
new collocation that you
notaware
During the next week, trytofind
try to find one
you were not
aware ofbefore
of before for
for
ofthese
each of
these categories:
categories:
ADJ
ECTIVE++ NOUN
ADJECTIVE
VERB++ OBJECT
ADVERB++ ADJECTIVE
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
191
93
Metaphor: seeing the light
A
What
aremetaphors?
What are
metaphors?
Metaphor is concerned with using words in abstract rather than literal ways. It is
of expressing
isa a way
way of
something by comparing it indirectly with something else that has
has similar characteristics.
If we
we call
jungle, forexample,
for example, we
we are using
We are suggesting thata
that a city is like
calla a citya a jungle,
usingaa metaphor. We
likea a
jungle, in that it is wild and
and full of
of dangers.
If we
we say
our life,
we are
We are suggesting that person is
say that someone lights
lights up
up our
life, we
are usingaa metaphor. We
likea a light in our
our life, in that they make our
ourlife
and happier.
like
life brighter and
B
Idioms and
metaphors
Idioms
and metaphors
arein
Many idioms are metaphorical expressions which are
in common use.
be on
ball [be
[bevery
ofthings
be
on the
the ball
very aware of
things and
and ready
to act —– like
likea a good footballer]
to
keep someone/something on
onaa tight rein
rein
to keep
[haveaa lot of control over someone/something —
–
likea a rider having control overaa horse]
Some ofthemost
of the most common idiom-metaphors
are based on
on parts of the
So we
are
the body. So
we might
heart of
ofthe
say thata
that a building is in the
the heart
the city.
[centre] We
can call the
[centre]
We can
the place wherea
where a river
joins the
sea its mouth,
mouth, and theperson
the sea
the person in
of an
an organisation
organisation its head.
head. If you
charge of
you say
say
that someone has
hasan
an eyefor
eye foraa bargain, you
you
atfindinga
mean they are good at
finding a bargain. If you
you
keepaa (close)
(close) eye
keep
eye on
on someone/something,
you watch them carefully.
carefully. If you
say that
you say
in safe hands,
hands, you
say that something
something is in
you mean that the
the person in charge is capable. If you
you say
goes hand
hand in
inhand
and are interconnected:
goes
hand with something else, you
you mean that they exist together and
go hand
hand in
inhand
usingaa rule
rule of
of
Rights go
hand with responsibilities. If you
you talk about doing something using
thumb, you mean youarecalculating
ina a way
not exact but will allow you
be
you are calculating something in
way that is not
you to be
accurate enough.
C
Common
Common metaphorical
metaphorical concepts in
in English
English
so frequently used in
ina a metaphorical way
may no
no
Many words in English are so
way that English speakers may
aresome
longer notice that they are metaphors. Here are
some examples:
•• Intelligence and
and understanding are equated with light; for
example,aa clever person is called
for example,
bright and
andaa less intelligent person dim.
dim. If you
light, you
bright
you see
see the
the light,
you understand something. To cast
cast
light on
on something means making it easier to understand: The
poet's letters has
has
light
The discovery of the poet’s
cast
light on
cast light
on his troubled relationship with his brother.
•• Intensity of feeling or passion is equated with temperature; someone who
one
who is enthusiastic at one
time and
and not at
atanother
blow hot
hotand
hotheaded, then they react
another is said to blow
and cold.
cold. If someone is hotheaded,
quickly on
on the basis of their feelings without thinking first. If you
you call someone cold-hearted,
cold-hearted, then
you
you think they are without feeling.
• • The
ofwater;
The movement ofpeople
of people or traffic
traffic is equated with the movement of
water; we
we can, for example,
talk of people flooding
out ofaa hall, or
or say
oftraffic
flooding or trickling
trickling out
say there wasa
was a constant stream
stream of
traffic past
the window.
•• Time is likened to money; both are
are seen as commodities that can
be spent
orwasted
orused
can be
spent or
wasted or
used
profitably. You
can also talk about investing
investing time, using it in
ina a way
pay
profitably.
You can
way that you
you think will pay
dividends
advantages]
dividends in future. [bring you
you advantages]
•• Business is likened toa
and campaigns
campaigns are
areused
to a military operation; strategies,
strategies, tactics
tactics and
used in both
contexts. So
Soaa company might launch
launch an
an advertising
advertising campaign,
campaign, forexample,
for example, or work on its
marketing strategy.
strategy.
marketing
192
192
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
93.1
93.1
Chooseaa word from the
box that can
can be
be used
used metaphorically
metaphorically to complete the sentence.
sentence.
Choose
the box
ball
eye
eye
hands
head
heart
jungle
mouth
light
rein
thumb
11 Helen asked me
me to keep
keepaa close ........................... on
on her
her little boy
boy while the children were playing in
the
the garden.
22 You
don't need toworry
he's in safe ........................... in the
You don’t
to worry about your grandfather —– he’s
the hospital.
3 3 Our
Our hotel offers excellent facilities in the
of the
the ........................... of
the old
old city centre.
4 4 When thewriter
he is suggesting that the city is
isa a dangerous
the writer refers to
to the
the urban ..........................., , he
and unpleasant place.
and
5 5 Asa
can expect to deal with about 20 orders
ordersaa day.
As a rule of ..........................., , you
you can
66 Joe
Joe is always on
on the ...........................; ; he
he always knows what's
what’s going on.
77 Can
Can you
atthe
of the
you see that small boat at
the ........................... of
the river?
8 8 It is up
up to
of the
how the budget is spent.
to the
the ........................... of
the school how
99 I’m
I'm afraid we
keepaa tight ........................... on
on our
our spending this year.
we need to
to keep
10 I I never used to understand
understand opera, but an
an excellent TV
me to see the ............................ .
10
TV series helped me
93.2
93.2
Here aresome
more idioms
idioms which are
arebased
on metaphors.
metaphors. What is
is the
idiom in
ineach
Here
are some more
based on
the idiom
each
sentence and
does it
it mean?
mean? What aspect
aspect of
of life
life does it
it draw
draw its
its image
image from?
sentence
and what does
11 Oscar’s
Oscar's going to be holding the reins while the boss is on
on holiday.
22 It’s
It's hard to know what todo
to do when management keeps moving thegoalposts.
the goalposts.
33 Starting his own
own dry-cleaning business was
of his half-baked
half-baked ideas.
was just another of
4 4 We've
our belts since Sam
Sam lost his job.
to tighten our
We’ve had totighten
55 The
customers' criticisms on
on board.
to take its customers’
The company needs totake
66 Are you
on track to finish your essay by this evening?
you still on
77 Jana worked around the clock to finish decorating the room before her parents came home.
88 I’m
I'msure
can take him
him at face value –— he seems perfectly honest to me.
me.
sure you
you can
93.3
93.3
Here
some more
the five
five metaphorical
concepts in
opposite.
Here are
aresome
more examples
examples of
ofthe
metaphorical concepts
inCC opposite.
Underline
the metaphor
say which concept
exemplifies and
what it
suggests.
Underline the
metaphor and
and saywhich
concept it
it exemplifies
and what
it suggests.
11 This book throwsa
on the
throws a great deal of fresh light on
the history of the
the period.
22 We
an hour at
atleast
We could save half an
least if we
we went through the wood.
33 Tryto
he argues with you.
Try to keep cool even if he
44 We
We spent months trying to achieve our sales targets.
5 5 Police tried to
to control the
the flow of the fans as they left the
the concert.
93.4
93.4
More unusual
unusual and
and original
original
More
metaphors are
areuseda
deal in
in
metaphors
used a great
great deal
literature. Here
Here aresome
literature.
are some famous
famous
metaphors from
Shakespeare.
metaphors
from Shakespeare.
Underline the
metaphors in
ineach
Underline
the metaphors
each
case and
and explain
explain what
suggest.
case
what they
they suggest.
the world'sa
world’s a stage and
the
11 All the
and all the
men
men and
and women merely players.
2 2 We
We are
are such stuff as
as dreams are
are
made on,
our little life is
on,and
andourlittle
rounded witha
with a sleep.
the affairs of
of men,
33 There is
isa a tide in the
which, taken at
on
at the flood, leads on
to fortune.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
193
94
Idioms for everyday situations and feelings
A
B
When things go
go right
If something …
this means …
worked like
likea a dream
went/ran like clockwork
up and
and running
is up
is falling into place
up
is looking up
aa plan succeeded absolutely perfectly
no difficulties
it went smoothly, with no
has begun towork
asplanned
it has
to work as
planned
on the
it is on
the point of starting to work well
it is looking very positive
When things go
go wrong: reacting in conversation
Oh no!
no! That's
need/needed! [in response to news that makes current problems even worse]
Oh
That’s allwe
all we need/needed!
That's
last thingI
wanted tohear!
That’s the
the last
thing I wanted
to hear! [in response to news that fulfils your worst fears]
This
is like
likeaa bad
bad dream!
This is
dream! [when one bad thing after another happens in quick succession]
succession]
It'sa a real
real nightmare
nightmare// my
my worst
nightmare. [used very generally, e.g. about traffic jams, computers
It’s
worst nightmare.
going wrong]
What
pain! [used very generally, in response to any
any situation that causes you
Whataa pain!
you difficulty]
difficulty]
C
Confusing
you don’t
Confusing situations or situations you
don't understand
understand
Her sudden
question threw
me completely.
didn't know how torespond]
Her
sudden question
threw me
completely. [I didn’t
to respond]
The
meeting wasa
shambles. [a totally disorganised
disorganised and
The meeting
was a complete
complete shambles.
and chaotic event]
It'sa a mystery
mystery to
me how
how people
people know
know about
about my
my private
private life.
life. [it’s
[it's somethingI
understand]
It’s
to me
something I cannot understand]
I'm sorry,
must have
have got
our wires
crossed.II thought
meeting was
at 11,
11,not
10.30. [there
I’m
sorry, we
we must
got our
wires crossed.
thought the
the meeting
was at
not 10.30.
beenaa miscommunication/misunderstanding]
miscommunication/misunderstandings
must have been
I'm not
not with
lost me
me there.
has confused me]
me]
I’m
with you./
you. / You've
You’ve lost
there. [what you
you have said has
D
194
194
Happiness and
Happiness
and sadness
sadness
expression
expression
meaning
to
on cloud nine// over the moon
to be on top oftheworld
of the world// on
to be in (your) element// to be made for
for
to
be
fed
up
to
the
back
teeth
to be fed up to the
to be
be down in the
the dumps// down in the
the mouth
tobeextremely
to be extremely happy
tobeideally
to be ideally suited for
to be extremely unhappy, disappointed
tobedepressed
to be depressed
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
94.1
94.1
Rewrite the underlined
underlined words using
using an
idiom based
based on
inbrackets.
Rewrite
an idiom
on the word in
brackets.
11 The
now working as planned, so we
(RUN)
The system is now
we should be able to get some useful data soon. (run)
22 Things are becoming very positive now
now that we've
our online sales. (look)
(LOOK)
we’ve increased our
33 The
successfUl. (dream)
(DREAM)
The whole project was
was 100% successful.
44 Afteraa problematic start, things are beginning
beeinnine to work well now. (fall)
(FALL)
5 5 The
ranvery
or problems. (clock)
(CLOCK)
The school open day ran
very smoothly without difficulties or
94.2
94.2
Fill in
in B’s
B's missing
missing words in
inthese
Fill
these conversations.
11 A:
‘I'm afraid your insurance policy expireda
can't claim forthe
A: ‘I’m
expired a month ago, so
so you
you can’t
for the fire damage.’
‘Oh no!
no! This is like
likea a bad
bad
B: ‘Oh
!’
2 2 A:
‘I'm afraid the
out till next week.’
A: ‘I’m
the boss is away this week sowe'll
so we’ll have to wait to sort this out
. .. ... ! ! Ah
well,I I suppose there's
can do.’
B: ‘Oh, whataa .
Ah well,
there’s nothing we
we can
3 3 A:
and can't
Now Sheena’s
Sheena's phoned in to
A: ‘Tarek is ill and
can’t come. Now
to say
say she's
she’s sick too!’
‘Oh no!
no! Two
B: ‘Oh
Two people sick! That's
That’s all we
we ... ... ... . !’
4 4 A:A: ‘Wow! Look at
atthis
be stuck here for
forhours!’
this traffic jam. We'll
We’ll be
hours!’
It'sa a real ... . ... . .. !’
B: ‘I know. It’s
5 5 A:A: ‘The lawyers have said we
can't hold the festival because we
haven't doneaa proper risk assessment.’
assessment.’
we can’t
we haven’t
‘Oh no!
no! That's
B: ‘Oh
That’s the
the last thing we
we wanted to
to
!’
94.3
94.3
Read
the comments and
then answer
answer thequestions.
the questions.
Read thecomments
and then
Alex
Sabina
Alex
Sabina
@
*
It’s
It'sa a mystery to me
me
how
how those papers
just disappeared.
Monica
Monica
Ricardo
Ricardo
That shop is
a a complete
‘’ shambles
these days.
I'm not
not with
Sorry, I’m
you. You've
You’ve lost
me there.
me
Michelle
Michelle
The
me
The news threw me
completely.
Sorry,I I think
Sorry,
we
our
we got our
wires crossed
yesterday.
name
11 Who
disorganised and
and chaotic?
Who is talking about something disorganised
22 Who
beenaa misunderstanding?
Who thinks there's
there’s been
33 Who
can't follow what someone has
hassaid?
Who can’t
said?
4 4 Who
can't
find
an
explanation
forsomething?
Who can’t
an
for something?
55 Who
didn't know how torespond
Who didn’t
to respond to something?
94.4
94.4
Correct the
mistakes in
inthe
idioms in
inthese
Correct
the mistakes
the idioms
these sentences.
sentences.
11 Jessica’s
Jessica's on
on cloud seven now
now she’s
she's at university.
university.
2 2 She’s
She's on
now she's
gotaa job
an architect’s
architect's office.
on her element now
she’s got
job in an
3 3 You
You lookaa bit down in the
the damp. What's
What’s the matter?
44 Just look at
at him! He
He looks fed up
up to the front teeth!
55 I I was
me I’d
I'd got
got the
was above the
the moon when they told me
the job.
94.5
94.5
Look up
up these idioms
idioms in
inaa dictionary. Do
Do they fit best
best into
into A, B,
B,CC orD
opposite? Circle the
Look
or D opposite?
the
correct letter.
letter.
correct
1 1 Oh
Oh no!
no! That's
the last straw!
That’s the
22 I I can't
my head round it.
can’t get my
3 3 You
You look as miserable as sin.
A A BB CC DD
A A BB CC DD
A A BB C C DD
4 4 It worked like
likea a charm.
5 5 I I was
on air.
was walking on
AA BB CC DD
AA BB CC DD
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
195
95
Brushing up on phrasal verbs
A
Learning phrasal verbs
to
There are
areaa great many phrasal verbs in English and
and many learners find them particularly difficult to
[meet1 one, write it down in
master. The
The best way
way to learn them is in context. When youcome
you come across
across [meet]
an
an example sentence.
There are
areaa couple of
of important points to remember about phrasal verbs. Firstly,
Firstly,a a verb++
combination may
may have more than one
one meaning. Come
Come across,
across, for
preposition/particle combination
for example, can
an impression of being, as in: He
He can
can come across
across as unfriendly when youfirst
also mean give an
you first meet
Come over
over can also be
be used with the same meaning, as in: He
He can
can come
come over
over as unfriendly.
unfriendly.
him. Come
on understanding phrasal verbs rather than using them.
Secondly, it is sensible to concentrate first on
There is usually an
an alternative way
usingaa single verb. So, for
way in which you can saythe
say the same thing using
put forwarda
can proposea
and instead of rush
rush into
intoaa decision
example, instead of put
forward a plan you
you can
propose a plan, and
you
can makeaa hasty decision.
you can
B
The verb
The
AA very large number ofphrasal
do,get
orgo,for
of phrasal verbs are formed using common verbs such as come, do,
get or
go, for
aresome
instance. Here are
some more examples with come.
come.
II hope our
come off.
off. [happen successfullyj
our plans to visit Russia come
successfully]
Sandro's family came
came over
another]
Sandro’s
over from Italy for
for the
the wedding. [travel to
to one
one place from another]
II wouldn't
say something like that.I
don't know what came
wouldn’t usually say
that. I don’t
came over
over me. [influence someone to
to
ina a particular way]
behave in
The
come under
underaa lot of criticism. [experience
[experience something (usually unpleasant)]
unpleasant)]
The proposal has come
lf the
US comes
up,you
unexpectedly]
If
the opportunity to work in the
the US
comes up,
you must take it. [occur unexpectedly]
Our plan has come
come up
up against
against some obstacles. [have to deal witha
or difficulty]
difficulty]
Our
with a problem or
C
The
preposition/particle
The preposition/particle
The
isa a preposition or particle. This can
can sometimes help you
The second part ofaa phrasal verb is
you
ofthephrasal
understand the meaning of
the phrasal verb. For example, on
on can often convey an idea of continuing
overaa period of time.
stay on
at university and
and do
doaa Master’s
Master's degree. [remain]
Selina decided to stay
on at
Try
not to dwell
dwell on
unpleasant]
Try not
on the past. [keep thinking about, usually something unpleasant]
II didn’t
didn't expect platform shoes to catch
catch on.
popular]
on. [become popular]
II wish she’d
she'd stop going
her new
new car. [talking at length]
going on
on about her
The
urging the runners on.
[encouraging]
The crowd was
was urging
on. [encouraging]
The
but the
pressed on
on regardless.
regardless. [continued
[continued in
ina a determined way]
The weather was
was terrible but
the climbers pressed
D
intopics
Phrasal verbs in
topics
It can
can be
with a topic. Here, for
for example, are some
be useful to learn phrasal verbs in sets connected witha
from the context of work:
to brush
for my
of something already
II need to
brush up
up on
on my
my computer skills for
my new
new job. [improve knowledge ofsomething
learnt but
but partly forgotten]
The company laid
off half its staff during the recession. [stopped employing]
The
laidoff
employing]
Tomorrow’s meeting has been called
called off
Tomorrow's
off because Jack is ill. [cancelled]
[cancelled]
Sasha has thrown
thrown himself
himself into
into his new
new job. [start doing something with great energy]
It took me
to settle in
meaa few weeks tosettle
in at my
my new
new office. [feel relaxed and
and happy]
It took me
together the report. [prepare by
me ages to put
put together
by collecting information
information from several sources]
sources]
Language help
When youlearna
and the
you learn a phrasal verb, note down thepositions
the positions of the
the preposition/particle and
the object, if
there is one. For example, you
but you
can only
you can say putaa report together or put
put togethera a report, but
you can
).
say rUst
rush intoa a decision (NOT rush a decision into).
196
196
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
95.1
95.1
Reword these sentences using
usingaa phrasal
phrasal verb with come.
Reword
11 Meena can
canseema
but she's
seem a little arrogant at times, but
she’s just shy.
22 Charlie was
ofaa chance forpromotion
was quick to take advantage of
for promotion that arose at his workplace.
33 The
The project was
was going well until we
we encountered some legal problems.
44 I I found some lovely old
old photos whenI
when I was
was sorting some boxes yesterday.
5 5 I’m
I'm afraid it looks as if our
our plans to move to
may not
not happen.
toaa new flat may
66 Something strange happened to
me and
andII shouted at
at him
him angrily.
to me
95.2
95.2
Complete the sentences witha
using the appropriate form.
Complete
with a verb, using
11 Dan
Dan is always ........................... onon about how
how rich he
he is.
2 2 You
can't change what happened, so don’t
don't ........................... on
on it.
You can’t
3 3 We'd
on if we're
get to the hostel before dark.
We’d better ........................... on
we’re going to get
44 I’m
I'm going to ........................... on
on after work tofinish
to finish the
the report.
5 5 Taekwondo has
hasreally
on –—all
my friends are learning it.
really ........................... on
all my
6 6 Hugo’s
Hugo's family tried their best to ........................... him
him on
on toto complete his novel.
95.3
95.3
Do
these sentences
the correct
correct preposition
or particle?
correct them.
them.
Do these
sentences have
have the
preposition or
particle? If
If not,
not, correct
11 Do you think the company will have to lay
layany
any staff out?
22 I I learnt Spanish at
atschool
on before
beforeI I go
go to
school but need to
to brush it on
to Spain.
33 I’m
I'm putting
puttingaa presentation together forthe
for the board to consider.
4 4 If you
may regret it later.
you rush for
foraa decision, you
you may
5 5 We'll
out tomorrow's
We’ll have to
to call out
tomorrow’s picnic if the
the weather is bad.
66 The
on to their new
new flat in the
The family soon settled on
the city.
7 7 I I love the
she does.
the way
way Katie always throws herself onto everything she
88 Nita put
put forward some very interesting ideas at the meeting.
95.4
95.4
Which
on the
page can
have the
preposition or
or particle
particle
Which ofthephrasal
of the phrasal verbs
verbs on
the opposite
opposite page
can have
the preposition
either before
before or
or after
after the
object? Write
inphrases
both ways
using one
of
either
the object?
Write the
the verbs
verbs in
phrases both
ways using
one of
these
objects.
these objects.
tea+o
team
skill
report
staff
meeting
plan
example urge a team on – urge on a team
95.5
95.5
These
use some
phrasal verbs.
Can you
outwhat
mean
These sentences
sentences use
some other
other phrasal
verbs. Can
you work
work out
what theverbs
the verbs mean
from
context? Match
Match the
phrasal verbs
inthe
definitions in
in the
box.
from the
the context?
the phrasal
verbs in
the sentences
sentences with
with the
the definitions
the box.
delay
explode
abolish
waste time
nottell
not
tell
criticise
occur
start to
to work
11 Most of
ofthe
do away
away with school uniform.
the students say they would like to
to do
22 The
new arrangements won't
kick in
in till next month.
The new
won’t kick
33 Stop messing
messing around
around —– go and tidy your room.
44 Problems always seem tocrop
up at
atthe
to crop up
the most inconvenient times.
55 These complications will set
back by several weeks.
set the
the building work back
66 However hard he tries, his teacher always seems torun
to run him down.
77 I I heard the bomb gooff
atmidday.
go off at
midday.
88 It’s
It's foolish to hold
hold something so important back
back from your partner.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
197
96
Connotation: making associations
Different kinds
kinds of
associations
Different
of associations
A
HHOO M
M EE
“
,
B
LANGUAGE
•-
'' ..’ •¿,
"
CCUULLTTUURREE
SSCCI IE EN NC CE E
B BU US SI IN NE ES SS S
We
not
We often associate words [make connections]
connections] with something that is not
obvious from the literal
literal meaning of
ofthe
isa a white
the word. The
The dove, for example, is
has associations with peace. So
So ififa a journalist calls
callsa a politician
politiciana a
bird that has
he or she
isa a peacemaker.
peacemaker. Similarly,
Similarly, they might
dove, they are suggesting that he
she is
calla
aggressive, hard-line politician
politiciana a hawk,
hawk,aa bird which hunts its prey.
call a more aggressive,
and hawk will be
be shared by most speakers
Some associations like those of dove and
of English and
and they may
may even be included in
ina a good dictionary for learners.
learners.
of the same
Sometimes associations are not the
the same for all native speakers of
may vary from one geographical
language, but may
geographical area to another.
another. Black cats, for
example,
/uc/I in Britain but
but with bad
bad luck in the
example, have associations with good luck
the
USA.
personal. Someone who had
hadaa bad
bad experience of
Many associations are purely personal.
may think of
ofaa dog
dog as being fierce
and frightening,
dogs in childhood may
fierce and
frightening, whereas
for others dogs may
may represent loyalty and
and friendship.
friendship. The
The most commonly
shared association
association of the
However, the
the word dog in English is ‘faithfulness’. However,
phraseaa dog’s
dog's life is used to refer toa
life.
phrase
to a very unhappy and unpleasant life.
Understanding associations
Understanding
associations
and other writers or speakers who
and entertain their
Journalists, advertisers and
who want tointerest
to interest and
often
useofword
associations.A A fashion advert might ask, for example, ‘Would you
audience oft
en make use
of word associations.
you
Paris look?’, which draws on the
Or
like to
to have that Paris
the associations of Paris with glamour and style. Or
builders, meaning builders who
not careful or trustworthy.
someone might refer to
to cowboy builders,
who are not
difficult
at first to
It might seem diff
icult at
to understand this kind of language, but your knowledge both ofthe
of the
world and
and of
ofthe
ofwords
the primary meanings of
words will help you. Paris, for example, is known throughout
the world asaa centre of high fashion and
and it is quite possible that the name Paris is associated with
own language too. If you
how cowboys
glamour in your own
you have seena
seen a Western, you
you will have seen how
often
ina a careless and
and dishonest way.
oft
en behave in
Think, for
shark, scar
and diamond.
for example, about the words shark,
scar and
diamond. You probably know their literal
on the
aftera
cut has
has healed, and
and
meanings –—aa large sea
sea creature with sharp teeth,a
teeth, a mark left on
the skin aft
er a cut
aa precious stone, respectively –— but
but what associations do
do you
you think they have forEnglish
for English speakers in
general? What might someone mean if they said the
the following?
‘They’re
sharks in that garage.’
‘They're all sharks
‘I think that new
office block is
new office
isa a scar
scar on
on the landscape.’
‘Emma’s
‘Emma'saa real diamond.’
diamond.’
The
an aggressive reputation should help you
The idea of sharks as sharp-toothed creatures with an
you to
not like the
isa a mark of
ofaa wound on
understand that the speaker does not
the garage. The
The fact thata
that a scar is
not like the
something that was
was once unspoilt should help you
you to appreciate that the
the speaker does not
the
new off
office
and high value ofaa diamond as
asaa precious stone should help you
new
ice block. The
The beauty and
you to see
that the speaker has
hasaa high opinion of Emma.
Language help
arebetter
Research into language learning shows that words are
better remembered if you
you have personal
asyou
associations in mind as
you learn them. Remember tothink
to think about what your associations witha
with a word
areasyou
are
as you learn it.
198
198
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
96.1
96.1
Answer these questions
questions about
about the associations
associations discussed on
on the opposite page.
page.
11 Would you recommend
recommendaa cowboy plumber to
toaa friend?
22 Woulda
be more likely to
be called
calledaa dove if they wereaa peacemaker or
or if they argued
Would a politician be
to be
formilitary
for
military action?
33 What is more likely to
bea a scar on
on the landscape —a
oraa factory chimney?
to be
– a waterfall or
44 Would you be pleased to be called
calledaa diamond?
55 Would you be pleased to be called
calledaa hawk?
66 In Britain would you be likely to
see a a black cat on
onaa good luck card or not?
to see
77 What characteristic is
isa a dog
dog most typically said to have in English?
88 Would you be likely to
calla a business Supersharks?
to call
96.2
96.2
Match the colours
colours with their associations in
in English.
English. Are
any of
of these the same in
inyour
Match
Are any
your
language? (See
(See Unit
Unit 65
more about
about the associations of colour
colour in
in English.)
English.)
language?
65 for
for more
11 purple
22 green
33 yellow
96.3
96.3
44 red
55 white
66 black
aa purity
bb evil
cc royalty
dd inexperienced
e e danger
f f aa coward
Are these statements
statements about
about the
the associations
English correct?
Whenaa
Arethese
associations of
of animals
animals in
inEnglish
correct? When
statement is wrong, correct it.
1 1 If you
say someone has
hasaa dog’s
dog's life, you
you say
you think they have an easy life.
2 2 If you
calla a businessman
businessmanaa snake, you
you call
you trust him.
33 If you
say someone's
attractive.
you say
someone’s hair is mousy, you mean it is dark brown and strikingly attractive.
4 4 If you
say someone is being ratty, you
you say
you mean they are irritable.
5 5 If you
say someone can
canbe
you say
be catty, you
you mean they tend to be lazy.
6 6 If you
say something is fishy, you
you say
you mean it is suspicious.
77 If you
someoneaa sheep, you
arevery
you call someone
you mean they are
very independent-minded.
88 If you
say that someone is hawk-eyed, you
you say
you mean that they have very big eyes.
96.4
96.4
Canyou
make any
anyassociations
between thecolours
in 96.2
animals and
and their
Can
you make
associations between
the colours in
96.2 and
and the
the animals
their
associations in
in 96.3
help you
understand why
associations have
have
associations
96.3 that
that will
will help
you to
to understand
why these
these associations
been made?
made?
been
96.5
96.5
Some ofthese
have associations
good luck
luck in
in English
English and
and some
have associations
associations of
of
Some
of these have
associations of
of good
some have
bad luck.
luck. Decide
Decide whether
each picture
picture represents
represents good
good luck
luck or
or bad
bad luck.
luck.
bad
whether each
Friday
13th a horseshoe
aa horseshoe
walking
under
a aladder
aclover
aa horseshoe
afour-leaved
clover
Friday
13th 13th
walking
under
aunder
ladder
a four-leaved
cloverclover
Friday
horseshoe
walking
ladder
a four-leaved
Friday
13th
walking
under
a ladder
a four-leaved
11
96.6
96.6
22
33
44
0Over
v e r tto
o you
Write down five colours and five animals. What are your own associations for these words?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
199
97
Register: degrees of formality
A
Formal and
and informal
informal words
Formal
words
Some
formal or
quite neutral.
Some words
words are
areformal
or informal,
informal, and
and others
others are
are quite
neutral.
partner (neutral)
(neutral)/ / other
half (informal) not
not with you
Is your partner
other half
you today? [husband/wife]
Rick'saa really nice bloke/guy.
bloke/guy. [man; informal]
Rick’s
She is able to converse
isa a great gift. [have
[haveaa conversation; formal]
format
She
converse with everyone, which is
Sometimes it
it is
is possible
possible to
arrange words
into sets
sets of
of neutral,
neutral, formal
and informal
informal words.
Sometimes
to arrange
words into
formal and
words.
neutral
formal
informal
TV/television
TV/television
glasses
clothes
use
use
try
spectacles
clothing/garments
employ/utilise
endeavour/attempt
the box
box// (the) telly
specs
gear
haveaa go/stab/bash/crack/shot at
Language help
Register is concerned with the overall tone of
ofaa text or conversation, and
and the relationship
relationship that is
Register
and listener, or
and writer. It is important to speak and
and write in
built between thespeaker
the speaker and
or reader and
the
the appropriate register for the
the situation.
situation.
B
Speech and writing
Some words
aremore
associated with
spoken or
orwritten
language. It
It is
is worth
noting ififa a word
Some
words are
more associated
with either spoken
written language.
worth noting
word
hasaa particularly
particularly strong
strong association
association with
(S) or
or writing
(W).
has
with speech
speech (S)
writing (W).
C
word/phrase
S/W
comment and example
subsequently
WW
be ‘later’ or
Linking adverb: (in speech, more likely to
to be
or
‘afterwards’) e.g. The
‘afterwards’)
The police found some important clues.
Subsequently, three people were arrested.
arrested.
Subsequently,
in sum
sum
W
whatsisname/whatsername
SS
thingy
SS
mind you
SS
now then
now
SS
expression: means ‘to sum
sum up’, e.g. In sum, we
may
Linking expression:
we may
saythat
end in -ly.
-/y.
say that most, but not all, English adverbs end
vague word: used when we cannot remember thename
of
aa
the name of
e.g.II met
met whatsername at
attheparty,
person, e.g.
the party, you
you know, the
woman who works at
atthe
university.
the university.
vague word: used asaa noun, of
of people and
and things whose
onecannot
me that thingy there,
name one
cannot remember, e.g. Give me
yes, that bottle opener.
discourse marker: used to bring attention to an
an important
He'saa good actor. Mind
hind you, he should be –— he
point, e.g. He’s
went tothebest
to the best drama college.
people's attention when
discourse marker: used to get
get people’s
youwant
Now then, is
you want toaskortell
to ask or tell them something, e.g. Now
everybody's luggage here?
everybody’s
Outdated words
Outdated
words
Some
Some words
words and
and expressions
expressions may
may be
be correct,
correct, but
but may
may sound
sound archaic
archaic (outdated)
(outdated) or
or old-fashioned,
old-fashioned,
e.g.
the mentally ill]
frock [dress]
wireless [radio]
consumption [tuberculosis/TB]
e.g. asylum
asylum [hospital for the
ill],, frock
[dress],, wireless
[radio],, consumption
[tuberculosis/TB],,
eyeglasses
eyeglasses [glasses]
[glasses]..
200
200
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
97.1
97.1
Make theunderlined
inthese
or informal,
informal, as
as instructed.
instructed.
Make
the underlined words in
these sentences formal or
11 She
She works in
ina a shop that sells women's
women’s clothes. (formal)
22 I’ve
I've got
got some new spectacles. Do
Do you
(informal)
you like them? (informal)
33 Did
Did you
see that documentary about Wales on TV
V last night? (informal)
you see
4 4 Gerry’s
Gerry'saa decent man.
man.I I wouldn't
wouldn’t want toupset
to upset him. (informal)
5 5 I I spent the morning ta
kin with the Director. (formal)
talking
66 Molly was
He'saa nice g_yu
. (neutral; neutral)
was there with her other half. He’s
guy.
97.2
97.2
Complete thetable
using the words from the
box. Do
Do not
not fill the
boxes.
Complete
the table using
the box.
the shaded boxes.
shades
kids
endeavour
neutral
cop
really useful
ensure
formal
umbrella
employ
children
informal
offspring
off
spring
sunglasses
policeman/woman
officer
police off
icer
brolly
invaluable
make sure
try
try
use
97.3
97.3
Decide whether these words aremore
likely to
be associated
associated with everyday spoken or
Decide
are more likely
to be
everyday written English.
English. WriteS
or WW next
next to the word.
everyday
Write S or
11 frequently
97.4
97.4
3 3 begin
44 maybe
55 moreover
What
do youthink
are the
present-day equivalents
now-outdated English
English words?
What do
you think are
the present-day
equivalents of
of these
these now-outdated
words?
Useaa dictionary
if necessary.
necessary.
Use
dictionary if
11 apothecary
97.5
97.5
22 start
22 damsel
33 poesy
44 whither
Look at
atthese
decide which
which register
register types
in.
Look
these text
text extracts
extracts and
and decide
types you
you would
would classify
classify them
them in.
Underline key
key words
which help
help you
decide the
register. For
For example,
if you
Underline
words which
you decide
the register.
example, if
you think
think the
the
text
is ‘written,
‘written, formal,
poetic and
and archaic’,
archaic’, which
word(s) make
make youthink
text is
formal, poetic
which word(s)
you think that?
that?
Some register types: literary
literary/ / poetic
poetic// non-literary
academic// non-academic
academic
archaic// modern
technical/
non-technical
spoken// written
formal/
archaic
technical / non-technical
spoken
formal / informal
1 When youhave
createdaa file that is to
be stored
you have created
to be
or one
ona a
ina a shared folder, or
one that is located on
server, you
use the
you can
can use
the tools in the
the client software
software
to restrict access to the file.
33
Sweetest love,
love,I I do
do not
not go,
For weariness ofthee,
of thee,
Nor in hope theworld
Nor
the world can show
AA fitter love for me;
me;
But since thatI I
But
Must die at last,
’tis best,
last,’tis
To
use myself in jest
To use
Thus by feigned deaths to die.
2 Views are
arecertainly
on the answers to
certainly divided on
thequestions
the questions listed above; even whether it
pluralism and
and diff
different
matters that pluralism
erent paradigms
SLA isa a matter of heated debate.
reign in SLA
4 4 And
my fellow Americans: ask
And so, my
can do
do for
not whatyour
what your country can
you
cando
you —askwhatyou
– ask what you can
do foryour
for your
country. My
My fellow citizens of the
the
world: ask
ask not whatAmerica
what America will
do
do foryou,
for you, but whattogether
what together we
we
can
ofman.
can do
do for the
the freedom of
man.
55 Mind you there wasa
was a
of rain in Germany
lot of
over Christmas wasn't
wasn’t
there, cos
cosI I saw
saw the
the river
in Bonn on thenews
the news on
telly, the
the Rhine. Yeah,
the river in Bonn.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
201
98
Divided by a common language
Very
and expressions
expressions are
are used
used exclusively
exclusively in
in either
either British
British or
or American
English, and
and you
Very few
few words
words and
American English,
you
are likely
likely to
hear and
and read
read words
both varieties.
are
to hear
words from
from both
varieties.
A
B
Streets
Streets and
and roads
roads
Street has
hasaa wider
range of
of meaning
meaning in
in American
English.
Street
wider range
American English.
American
speaker: Let’s
Let's cross
cross the
here; there's
more traffic
down.
American speaker:
the street
street here;
there’s more
traffic further
further down.
However,aa British
British speaker
speaker would
normally say
say cross
cross the
road, especially
especially in
ina a busy
busy city.
city.
However,
would normally
the road,
Here are
aresome
more examples
examples of
ofAmerican
English words
and expressions
expressions not
not used
used in
in British
British English.
English.
Here
some more
American English
words and
The
British English
English expressions
expressions are
are given
given in
in square
square brackets.
brackets.
The British
Go two
blocks down
down and
andthecar
rental office
office is
is kitty-corner
kitty-corner to
gas station.
station. [diagonally opposite;
Go
two blocks
the car rental
to the
the gas
informal] [petrol station]
informal]
station]
You
always use
use the
cross the
[pedestrian crossing/ / zebra crossing]
crossing]
You should
should always
the crosswalk
crosswalk to
to cross
the street.
street. [pedestrian
There'sa
leads down
down tothecreek.
river]
There’s a trail
trail that
that leads
to the creek. [path] [stream, small river]
Take
left here
here and
and you'll
come totheInterstate
after about
about three
miles. [turn left]
lefts [major motorway in
Takeaa left
you’ll come
to the Interstate after
three miles.
the
US connecting different states]
states]
the US
Language
After
intersection, look
look for
saying
• ° • ° “ help
After the
the intersection,
foraa sign
sign saying
'International Airport'
[Iunction]
‘International
Airport’. [junction]
usethe,In British English road numbers use
the; in
lI hit
hita a shopping
in the
parking lot
lotwhen
shopping cart
cart in
the parking
when
American
no
English
no
article
is
used.
II was
backing up.
up. [trolley]
[trolleys [car park] [reversing]
[reversing]
was backing
the M4
M4 as far
faras
British English: Take the
as Newbury,
Look fortheoverpass
and then
next
Look
for the overpass and
then take
take the
the next
offon
the
7lJ4
for
Oxford.
then
turn
off
on
to
the
A34
for
Oxford.
exit for
downtown Chicago.
Chicago. [flyover, i.e. bridge
exit
for downtown
American English: Take I-45 north for
forabout
about
that carries one
one road over another]
anotherj
20 miles, then take 25
25 west.
Educational terminology
American
British
My older brother never went tocollege.
My
to college.
My older brother never went touniversity.
My
to university. (college in
meansaa place for specialised
specialised education for
Britain usually means
people over 16)
What courses are
areyou
you taking next semester?
Are youa
you a freshman?
No,I'm
No,
I’maa sophomore.
ofmy
Most of
my friends are juniors.
She's majoring in French.
She’s
What modules are
areyou
you taking next semester/term?
Are youa
you a fresher/ / first year (student)?
I'm (a) second year.
No, I’m
ofmy
are third years /third
Most of
my friends are
/ third year students.
She's doing honours in French.
French./ / She’s
She's doingaa French
She’s
honours degree.
My lecturers are all very friendly.
friendly. (used as
asaa general term
My
for university teachers –—aa professor is
isa a person with the
highest academic rank)
II want tobe
to beaa primary school teacher.
My years in secondary school were not
notvery
My
very happy.
My professors are all very friendly.
asaa
My
friendly. (used as
general term for university teachers)
II want tobe
to be an elementary school teacher.
My years in high school were not
notvery
My
very happy.
C
Around
home
Around the
the home
This
cable is
is the
(US)// earth
(UK). [cable that takes electricity safely into the
This cable
the ground
ground (US)
earth (UK).
the ground]
We
needaa dumpster
(US)// skip
(UK) to
put all
all this
old stuff
in. [large metal container for rubbish]
rubbishj
We need
dumpster (US)
skip (UK)
to put
this old
stuff in.
The
(US)// tap
(UK) in
in the
kitchen never
never stops
stops dripping!
dripping!
The faucet
faucet (US)
tap (UK)
the kitchen
II have
have to
cook forfive
people, so
so we
needaa big
bigstove
(US)// cooker
(UK). [piece of kitchen equipment to
to cook
for five people,
we need
stove (US)
cooker (UK).
to
cook food]
II fried
ina a skillet
(US)// frying
pan (UK).
(UK).
fried the
the fish
fish in
skillet (US)
frying pan
202
202
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
98.1
98.1
Who
do youthink
is most
most likely
likely to
be speaking, an
an American oraa British
British person?
person? What
Who do
you think is
to be
would someone who
other variety probably
probably have
have said instead?
instead?
who speaks the other
11 I I lost my
my way
big intersection
intersection just south of
ofthe
way at the
the big
the city.
2 2 Why
are there always so many shopping trolleys left in the
car park?
Why are
the car
33 Cross the road at
atthe
the pedestrian crossing, then turn left.
4 4 You
can't drive any
any further; you'll
up,the
You can’t
you’ll have to back up,
the street is very narrow.
55 You'll
on the
You’ll see
see the
the petrol station just after the
the flyover on
the A34.
66 Once you geton
getthere.
get on totheInterstate,
to the Interstate, it will only take you
you two
two hours to get
there.
77 The
restaurant.
The office is kitty-corner to the
the Chinese restaurant.
88 There'sa
atthe
end of
of the trail. It’s
It's about three miles from here.
There’s a creek at
the end
98.2
98.2
98.3
98.3
Match the words on
on thelefi
equivalent on
on the right,
right, and
and write US
US forAmerican
Match
the left with their equivalent
for American
English and
and UK
UK for British
British English
English in
in the
boxes.
English
the boxes.
11 dumpster
aa skillet
2 2 ground
bb tap
33 frying
fryingpan
pan
cc stove
44 cooker
dd earth
55 faucet
ee skip
Answer thequestions.
the questions.
Answer
11 Who
do you
homesick,aa fresher or
oraa junior?
Who do
you think is more likely to
to get
get homesick,
22 Doesaa primary school teacher teach at
at more or
orless
as an
an elementary school
less the
the same level as
teacher or ataa different level?
3 3 How
How might calling someone ‘Professor’ in the
US mean something different from calling someone
the US
‘Professor’ in Britain?
4 4 Where are
areyou
US or Britain?
you more likely to
to register fora
for a module, the US
5 5 What year of study are you
are a a sophomore?
you in if you
you are
66 If someone says they are majoring in psychology, what do they mean?
77 If an
an American says they're
asif
they’re going to college next year, does that necessarily mean thesame
the same as
ifa a
British person said it?
8 8 If someone says they'rea
be British or
or American?
they’re a secondary school teacher, are they more likely to
to be
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
203
99
Language and gender
A
Gender awareness
and vocabulary
Gender
awareness and
vocabulary
In
we often
take care
to use
In professional
professional contexts
contexts and
and elsewhere,
elsewhere, we
often take
care to
use gender-neutral
gender-neutral language
language in
in English.
English.
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of
of the English Language, writes:
David Crystal, in The
Attention
has been
been focused
on the
replacement of
of‘male’
words witha
generic meaning
meaning by
by
Attention has
focused on
the replacement
‘male’ words
with a generic
neutral items
items –— chairman, forexample,
becoming choir
or chairperson (though
(though not
not without
without
neutral
for example, becoming
chair or
controversy) or
or salesman becoming
becoming sales assistant. In
In certain
certain cases,
cases, such
asjob
descriptions,
controversy)
such as
job descriptions,
the
use of
of sexually
neutral language
language has
has become
becomeaa legal
legal requirement.
requirement. There
There is
is continuing
continuing
the use
sexually neutral
debate between
between extremists
extremists and
and moderates
moderates as
as to
how farsuch
revisions should
should go
go –— whether
debate
to how
far such revisions
whether
they
should affect
affect traditional
idioms such
as man
the street11 and
and Neanderthal
Neanderthal/\4on
they should
traditional idioms
such as
man in the
Man2,or
, or
apply to
parts of
of words
meaning of
ofman
is no
no longer
longer dominant,
dominant, such
such as
as
apply
to parts
words where
where themale
the male meaning
man is
manhandle33 and
and woman. The
The vocabulary
of marital
marital status
status has
has also
also been
been affected,
affected, notably
notably in
in the
vocabulary of
the
introduction of
of Ms
iris as
as a a neutral
neutral alternative
alternative to
or Mrs.
ivirs.
introduction
to /\4iss
Miss or
a1 a typical person (could be
be replaced by person in the
the street)
3
present-day humans
handle roughly, using force
the ancestors of
a a now-extinct species that were the
22
Here are
are some
some examples
examples of
ofgender-neutral
of vocabulary.
Here
gender-neutral variations
variations of
vocabulary.
older usage
current usage
spokesman
spokesperson
firefighter, police officer
flight attendant
cleaner
supervisor
artificial
the
the human race// human beings
to staff
fireman, policeman
air hostess
cleaning lady
foreman
man-made
mankind
toman
or place of work)
to man (a machine or
B
Words referring
referring to men
men and
and women
words
meaning/comment
example
male, female
used for gender classification in biology
male and female bees
masculine,
masculine,
feminine
be typically male or
or
having qualities traditionally felt to
to be
female
charm
guy, bloke
guys
informal words fora a man
man
girlfriend
girlfriend
girlie/girly
lad
lad
laddish
macho
204
204
masculine pride, feminine
Jack’s a really nice guy.
Jack'sa
Do any
any of you
Do
you guys fancy
going out fora a pizza tonight?
I'm meeting up witha
used by women torefer
to refer toa
to a female friend
I’m
with a few
few
girlfriends this evening.
and young women often
They're
used to describe things that girls and
They’re havingaa girlie
enjoy without men, especially involving clothes, make-up, etc. evening at home.
informal word fora a boy
boy or young man
man
He's havingaa night out
He’s
out with
some ofthelads
of the lads tonight.
I I can’t
can't stand that kind of
used to describe unpleasant behaviour thought to be typical
men in
ina a group, especially drinking alcohol
of young men
laddish behaviour!
describeaa man
man who
and
He refuses to cry –— it would
used to describe
who likes to
to appear strong and
He
doesn't show his feelings
doesn’t
spoil his macho image!
an informal word for men
men and
and women, especially in the
an
the
phrase you
you guys, asaa way
way of addressing people directly
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
99.1
99.1
Answer these questions
questions about
about the text opposite.
11 Why
do you
ofthe
Why do
you think there have been attempts to introduce gender-neutral language of
the kind
described by David Crystal?
22 How
How would you explain this expression: ‘male’ words witha
with a generic meaning?
33 Why
do you think there might have been controversy about attempts to change the
Why do
the
word chairman?
44 What do more extreme advocates of making English gender-neutral want todo
to do that is
unacceptable to the moderates?
55 Why
introduced and
and why
Why was
was /\4s
Ms introduced
why is it useful?
99.2
99.2
Change these sentences so they reflect
reflect modern
modern usage.
usage.
Change
11 Three firemen helped put out
outaa fire at
ata a disused warehouse last night.
2 2 A A spokesman fortheDepartment
of Education provided us witha
for the Department of
with a statement.
33 Cleaning lady wanted forhouse
for house in Priory Street.
4 4 The
The helpline is continuously manned even during holiday periods.
55 All our
our air hostesses are fluent in at least three languages.
66 The
areman-made.
The fibres in this garment are
man-made.
77 Policemen today spend more time in cars than on
on the beat.
88 This was
wasaa great step for
for mankind.
99 The
man in the
has little time forsuch
The man
the street has
for such issues.
10 Salesmen are
areoften
and can
can be
be very persuasive.
10
often well trained and
99.3
99.3
Choose
the correct word
word tocomplete
to complete each
each sentence.
Choose thecorrect
sentence.
11 She
She always dresses in
ina a very feminine
Iemininel/ female way.
22 The
Iasculinel/ mole
catis
The masculine
male cat
is less aggressive than his sister.
3 3 Do
Do you
you Iirlfriendsl
girlfriends / guys fancy meeting up later?
4 4 The
bar was
of loud, lad
ladl / laddish young men.
The bar
was full of
55 Ross likes to
asaa tough Iale
to see
see himself as
malel/ macho man!
66 Anna's
Anna’s going away for
for theweekend
the weekend witha
with a few
few girlfriendsl
girlfriends / females.
99.4
99.4
Answer
questions.
Answer these
these questions.
you think that using gender-specific language affects people’s
women’s
11 Do
Do you
people's attitudes to men
men and
and women's
roles in society?
words you use
to
22 Does your language ever use male words generically? If so, give examples of
ofwords
useto
avoid gender stereotyping.
stereotyping.
you feel about imposing language changes of
the different kinds that David Crystal
33 How
How do
do you
ofthe
describes?
44 Do
Do terms of
Mr, Mrs, etc.) in your language indicate whether people are
are married?
of address (i.e. Mr,
55 Do
Do you
ofaddress
you think it is better if terms of
address indicate marital status or not? Why?
66 AA grammatical problem in this area is the
use of
of hefhis
the use
he/his to refer toa
to a person of either gender. In the
the
sentence ‘A government minister may
to neglect his family,
family’, the
the minister could be
may have to
beaa man
man or
‘his’ assumes, perhaps wrongly, that it is
you
aa woman. However, the use of
of‘his’
isa a man. How
How could you
rewrite this sentence to avoid this problem?
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
205
100
In the headlines
A
Features of headline language
Ifa a story hits
the headlines
the news.
hits the
headlines it suddenly receives
receivesaa lot of attention in the
aretwo
ofheadlines
newspapers with comments on their use
use of
Here are
two typical examples of
headlines from tabloid newspapers
reports]
language. [popular papers with small pages and
and short simple reports]
EXPERT REVEALS NEW CLOUD DANGERS
• • Articles, prepositions and
and auxiliary verbs are oft
often
en omitted from headlines.
•• This use
use of the present simple instead of the
the past tense makes thestory
the story sound more immediate.
•• The
not entirely clear, for example, what cloud
The use of language is often
often ambiguous. It is not
cloud refers to
to
onaa ‘cloud’ [hosted services
here. It is actually about the dangers ofstoring
of storing electronic information on
on
but it could have referred to dangers relating to the
on the
the internet for storing personal data],
data], but
the weather.
Readers have to look at the story in order to find out.
•• Words with dramatic associations such as danger
areoften
danger are
often used.
TV STAR TRAGIC TARGET FOR CRAZED GUNMAN
This story is about how
howaa well-known television
byaa mentally unstable killer.
television actor was
was shot by
• • In order to attract readers’ attention, tabloid newspapers oft
often
en feature celebrities, e.g. film/pop
stars and
and sports personalities.
• • Alliteration such as TV
often
and to make
TV Star Tragic
Tragic Target
Target is oft
en used to attract the
the eye
eye in headlines and
them sound more memorable.
•• Newspapers tend to use strong, simple words such as ‘gunman’ in order to express an
an idea or
as briefly and
and as
as vividly as
as possible.
image as
•• Strongly emotional words like crazed
are oft
often
ina a wild or
crazed are
en used to attract attention. [behaving in
strange way, especially because of
ofstrong
strong emotion]
B
Violent words
often used in headlines, especially in tabloid newspapers, in order
Violent and
and militaristic words are
areoften
who cause trouble may
to make stories seem more dramatic. For example, people who
may be
be referred to as
thugs, yobs
yobs or
louts.
thugs,
orlouts.
- • « of thugs
;
EU.acts «to crush1 terror
Crackdown2 on soccer louts
Palace besieged3 by journalists
Typhoon rips through town
4
1
22
destroy
to deal witha
with a problem
taking serious measures to
3
"surrounded,
by army
surrounded, as if by
44 moves in
ina a destructive way
way
C
Playing with words
Language help
The kind of language that is common in
may sound strange in other
headlines may
contexts. So
So the
contexts.
the vocabulary in this unit is
be useful to you
more likely to
to be
you when you
you
arereading
are
reading rather than when youare
you are
speaking or writing.
readers' attention by
by playing on
on words in an
an entertaining way. For
Many newspaper headlines attract readers’
example,aa story aboutaa very heavy rainstorm which caused
causedaa landslide on
onaa narrow mountain road
example,
was
Rain of
ofterror.
on words based on
on the expression
expression reign
reign of
was headlined Rain
terror. This headline wasa
was a play on
terror, an
an expression used aboutaa period in whicha
country's ruler controls people in
ina a particularly
which a country’s
cruel way.
Another example is the
use of
of the
noon becomes
becomes shooting star to describe
describeaa football
the use
the headline Moon
[scored] the
Shooting star is an
an informal
match wherea
where a player called John Moon shot [scored]
the winning goal. Shooting
on the expression shoota
goal, and
and also to link to
expression for
foraa meteor. Here it is used to play on
shoot a goal,
to the
the
player's name, Moon (another astronomical body). The
effective
of
player’s
The headline is particularly eff
ective because of
the association between star and
and moon in the
the sky.
206
206
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
100.1
100.1
Read these headlines.
headlines. What do youthink
might be
be about?
about?
Read
you think the stories might
i1 BLAST
BLAST TERROR
INCAPITAL
44HVAC.I
DO N ON
ON DISSENT
TERROR IN
CAPITAL
CRACKDOWN
22 P54TO
BESIEGE TEEN
PM TO REVEAL SOCCER LOST
LOUT PLANS s5 THUGS
THUGS BESIEGE
TEEN STAR
STAR
33 TOP
66 COPS TARGET YOBS
TOP PLAYERS DEFEND COACH
100.2
100.2
Look at
atthese
headlines froma
newspaper about
about Ancient Greece.
Greece. Match
Platch
Look
these headlines
from a fictitious tabloid newspaper
them with the subjects
subjects of their stories
stories and
comment on thefeatures
of headline
headline language
language
and comment
the features of
they contain.
contain.
11
NUDE SCIENTIST IN BATHTUB SCANDAL
2
KING PHIL’S MACEDONIAN MASSACRE
3
MARATHON MAN IN DROP-DEAD DASH
4
QUADRUPLE ROYAL MURDER SENSATION
5
IT’S CURTAINS FOR CORINTH
aa Four members of
oftheroyal
the royal family die in mysterious circumstances.
bb Philip of Macedonia winsa
and Thebes.
wins a battle against the city states of Athens and
cc Archimedes discovers the law
law governing the displacement of
ofwater.
water.
dd The
The city of Corinth is burnt to the ground by the Romans.
ee AA long-distance runner brings news of
ofaa battle victory to Athens and
and then dies.
100.3
100.3
Match the
headline to
its story
story and
and explain
play on
on words
ineach
case.
Match
the headline
to its
explain the
the play
words in
each case.
11 Bad
Bad blood
blood
66 Hopping
topping mad
mcd
22 Happy days?
77 Flushed with success
33 Shell-shocked
88 Highly embarrassed
embarrassed
44 False impressions
99 Round-up
Round-up
55 Happy haunting
aa AA grandfather’s
grandfather's breathing problems were solved when doctors found four false teeth at the
ina a car
car crash eight years before.
entrance to his lungs. They had been forced down his windpipe in
bb A A 25-year-old terrapin is being treated foraa fractured shell aft
after
survivingaa 200-foot drop.
er surviving
Cc AA Shetland teacher has suggested sheepdogs could be
be used to control pupils in playgrounds.
playgrounds.
dd AA ghost society has
has been told not
not to scare offa a friendly female apparition ataa hotel.
e e An
An unusual travel company is offering
offering adults the chance to
to experience going back to
to school
spendaa week wearing school uniform, sitting through lessons and
and eating school
again –— they will spend
dinners.
f f An
be sold for
for £276,000.
An ex-public loo in Hackney, East London, is to
to be
gg AA whitby
has attacked the resort’s
resort's attempts to profit on
on its connections with Dracula: ‘a paleWhitby vicar has
man witha
bad sense of
offashion,
and an eating disorder’.
disorder!
faced man
with a bad
fashion, severe dental problems and
hh A A toad triggereda
set offa a new
new hi-tech alarm system.
triggered a police alert when it set
had to
scaleaa 30-foot tree to rescue
rescueaa man
man who
was trying to capture his pet
pet iguana.
i Firefighters had
to scale
who was
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
207
101
101
Red tape
A
Characteristics of bureaucratic language
AA STUDENT
STUDENT SHALL
SHALL NOT
NOT BE
BE ELIGIBLE
ELIGIBLE FOR
FORAA LOAN
LOAN IN
INRELATION
IF HE/SHE:
HE/SHE:
RELATION TO
TO AN
AN ACADEMIC
ACADEMIC YEAR
YEAR IF
(a) has attained
attained'1 the
age of
of the
(a)
the age
ofs50 years before the first day
day of
the course;
has received another loan in relation to the
the same academic year;
(b) has
has received another loan in relation to another academic year which began during the same period 1st August tothe
(c) has
to the
followi
st July during which theacademic
following
31st
the academic year began;
ng 3'
receive:
(d) is eligible in respect of that year to receive:
2
(i) any
any payment undera
onehim/her
under a bursary or award ofsimilar
of similar description bestowed
bestowed on
him/her under section 63
63 Of
of the
the Health
i968(z) the amount ofwhich
Services and
and Public Health Act 1968(2)
of which is not
not calculated by
by reference to his/her income.
1
reached
22
given to
Reply
Forward
2
Your request to demolish
demolish‘1 the garage adjoining
adjoining‘your
and all appeals regarding this decision
your property is hereby rejected. Any
Any and
undersigned’3 by Jan 31 2018. No
No exceptions to the aforementioned’
be considered.
must be submitted to the undersigned
aforementioned4 procedure will be
1
knock down
22
next to
3
"the
the person who
who wrote this letter
44
mentioned earlier
orgovernment
aredifficult
Some publications produced by companies or
government departments are
difficult to
to understand
because they use language that is very different from everyday English.
• • They frequently use
use words that are longer and
and ‘grander’ than their ordinary equivalents.
•• They often use
useaa passive form instead of an
an active one, e.g. ‘Normal service will be
be resumed as
soon as possible’ instead of‘We
as possible.’
of ‘We will resume normal service as soon as
• • They use
usenouns
asthesubject
are not necessary, e.g. ‘Achievement
nouns as
the subject of the sentence when they are
ofthis
of‘To
of this module is dependent upon candidates meeting the assessment outcomes’ instead of
‘To
achieve this module, candidates must meet theassessment
the assessment outcomes.’
•• They use
useaa noun instead of You, e.g. Customers will be
be informed of
of …’
...’ instead of
of‘You
be
‘You will be
of …’
...’ oror even ‘We will tell you
...’
informed of
you about …’
These words are
aremore
ina a bureaucratic context:
more frequent in
Work will commence
commence in May. [start]
[start] (noun = commencement)
commencement)
The
company ceased
ceased operations
last year.
The company
operations last
year. [stopped functioning] (noun = cessation)
cessation)
deceased will be
be returned to the next
next of
kin. [dead person] [closest relative]
relative]
Property belonging to the deceased
of kin.
In the
event of
an emergency,
emergency, call
call 121.
121. [if there is]
In
the event
of an
must be
be evacuated
In the
the event of fire, the
the building must
evacuated immediately. [people must leave]
Tenants must endeavour
endeavour tokeep
to keep communal areas tidy at all times. [try]
The
The developments will facilitate
facilitate movement oftraffic
of traffic in the
the area. [make possible, easier]
be instructed
instructed what todo
of an
an emergency. [will be
be told]
Residents will
will be
to do in the
the event of
The
proceed tothe
The project will proceed
to the next phase in June. [move]
We
rectify the
We are currently attempting to rectify
the situation. [put right]
Normal service will
will be
soon as possible. [start again]
be resumed
resumed as
assoon
B
Bureaucratic correspondence
There is some specific vocabulary that characterises bureaucratic letters:
Please
of payment.
you have received]
Please acknowledge
acknowledge receipt
receipt of
payment. [inform us that you
received]
With
compliments ofSmith
and Co.
Co. [written
[written ona
of paper sent with an
an item froma
With the
the compliments
of Smith and
on a slip of
from a company]
Please notify
address. [inform]
notify us immediately of
of any change of
ofaddress.
[inform]
for a reply at
your earliest
convenience. [as soon as possible]
II would be grateful fora
at your
earliest convenience.
Contact us if further
further clarification
clarification is
an explanation
explanation]1
is required.
required. [you need more of
ofan
respect of
of your invoice. [relating to, for]
II enclose payment in
inrespect
II am
am writing with regard
regard to your advertisement. [about]
208
208
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Exercises
101.1
101.1
Look at
atthetwo
inA A opposite. Find
Find an
an example in
inthetexts
Look
the two texts in
the texts of each ofthe
of the four
characteristics of bureaucratic
bureaucratic language
language listed
listed in
in the
bullets in
in A.
characteristics
the bullets
101.2
101.2
Read each
each sentence. Choose
Choose theword
inthesecond
Read
the word in
the second sentence which gives the
the same
meaning in
insimpler
language.
meaning
simpler language.
11 Roadworks will commence on11 June.
on11 June.
Roadworks will begin// end
end on
22 (onaa form) Contact details for next of kin.
Write the name and
andaddress
ofyour
Ieighbourl/ nearest relative.
address of
your neighbour
3 3 With the compliments ofJane
of Jane Bramwell.
With best wishes
Iishesl/ love from Jane Bramwell.
44 Call me
me at your earliest convenience.
convenience.
me early in the
the morning
Iorningl/ as soon asyou
Call me
as you can.
55 In the
offire,
the event of
fire, lifts should not be used.
Ifthere
the start ofa a fire, don't
If
there isa a firel / At
At the
don’t use the lifts.
6 6 Passengers should await instruction
instruction from the captain before proceeding to the car
car deck.
Iol/ leave the car deck until the
Passengers should not go
go to
the captain tells them to.
7 7 I I am
am writing with regard to the
the editorial in today's
today’s paper.
I I am
am writing for
for// about the editorial in today's
today’s paper.
88 I I am
am writing in respect of your letter of
of 6th
6th June.
I I am
am writing in connection with
Iithl/ in favour
fCtvoUr of your letter of
of 6th
6th June.
1013
101.3
ineach
Match the words with their synonyms. Which word orphrase
or phrase in
each pair exemplifies
bureaucratic
bureaucratic language?
language?
deceased
acknowledge
end
make easier
rectify
letusknow
let
us know
start
clarification
put right
commencement
put
start again
dead
endeavour
try
facilitate
cessation
explanation
resume
10L4
101.4
Complete the word formation table below.
below. Note
Note that not
not all
all the
areon
Complete
the words are
on the
the
opposite page.
page. Use
Useaa dictionary if
if necessary.
necessary.
opposite
verb
verb
noun
noun
adjective
adjective
clarification
clarification
facilitate
instruct
notifiable
rectify
10L5
101.5
Rewrite the
using everyday,
everyday, non-bureaucratic
non-bureaucratic English
English to
replace the
Rewrite
the sentences
sentences using
to replace
the
underlined words
and phrases.
phrases. Use
Useaa dictionary
dictionary if
if necessary.
necessary.
underlined
words and
11 Clients must comply with the following regulations.
regulations.
22 Insert coins into the
the slot below.
33 Your complaints have been investigated and
and are considered to be without foundation.
44 Passengers are requested to refrain from smoking.
55 Tick your country of residence.
English Vocabulary in Use
Use Advanced
209
Answer key
key
Unit11
Unit
1.1 11 His PhD
PhD thesis …
...
1.1
2 2 Little Martha did her first composition …
...
3 3 We
ina a portfolio
portfolio …
...
We have to
to hand in
4 4 The
of this week's
essay …
...
The teacher gave us the title of
week’s essay
5 5 At
end of
of this course you
assignment …
...
At the
the end
you have to doa
do a 5,000-word assignment
6 6 I I think I’ll
I'll do
do a a study of
of people’s
people's personal banking habits for my
my MSc
MSc dissertation
dissertation …
...
7 7 I’ve
I've chosen to do the project
project …
...
1.2
1.2
When I’m
I'mstudying intensively
intensively because I’m
I'mcramming
don't see any
any point in looking
cramming for
for an exam,I
exam, I don’t
up past
past papers,
papers, nor is there any
any point in just learning things (off)
(off) by
by heart.
heart.I I know some people
up
mnemonics tohelp
but there's
no real substitute
develop very clever mnemonics
to help them remember thematerial,
the material, but
there’s no
for revising
revising the term's
It'sa a good idea to have some sort of mind
mind map
map toorganise
term’s work. It’s
to organise your
thoughts, and
and rote-learning
rote-learning// memorising
memorising is useful, but
but in
ina a limited way. At the end
end of
ofthe
the day, you
you
just have to
bury yourself
in your
books until you
inside out.
to bury
yourself in
your books
you feel you
you know thesubject
the subject inside
out.
1.3 11 aa first draft
1.3
2 2 aa deadline
33 plagiarism
44 submit; assess
55 drop out
66 aa paper; in (academic) journals
77 inter-library loan
88 feedback
99 aa genius
out research
10 carry out
1.4 11 acknowledge
1.4
22 resources
33 revision
4 4 plagiarism
55 well-qualified
66 paper
77 access
88 inside
Unit22
Unit
2.1 11 league tables
2.1
22 selective education
education
33 equality of opportunity
44 perpetuate inequalities
5 5 tertiary education
2.2 11 Inequality is inherent
inherent in
inthe
2.2
the education system.
22 Elitism is bad
bad for
for the
the country in the
the long term.
33 Comprehensive
isa a basic political ideal in many countries.
Comprehensive education
education is
4 4 A A two-tier
system of
ofschools
depresses the opportunities for
less well-off
two-tier system
schools depresses
for children from less
well-off families
and favours those from better-off
better-off families.
and
5 5 Some private schools are
have endowments,
endowments, and this means they can have
are well-endowed/
well-endowed / have
better resources.
66 All parents want their children to excel
excel at school.
77 Emphasis on thethree
perceived by parents to be
be the key to success.
the three Rs is perceived
88 The
education.
tertiary education.
The government is increasing its provision for tertiary
210
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
2.3 22 Literacy refers to
to the
the ability to
to read.
2.3
Numeracy refers to
to the
the ability to
to count and
and do
do maths.
33 AA student who
doingaa doctorate is
isa a postgraduate.
postgraduate.
who is doing
AA student who
doingaa first degree is an
an undergraduate.
who is doing
44 Bullying is whena
when a pupil uses frightening or threatening behaviour towards another child who
who is
smaller or less powerful in some way.
Excelling is when
whenaa student does exceptionally well.
5 5 Secondary education is the
the stage that follows primary education.
Tertiary education is the
the stage that follows secondary education.
66 Selective schools choose the best students to study there.
ability.
Comprehensive schools take all students regardless of their academic ability.
7 7 League tables list schools from good tobad
to bad according to their exam results.
on how
how to do
do something.
Guidelines offer advice on
2.4 11 scholarship
22 distraction
3 3 guidelines
44 mature
55 fees
66 loan
77 three
88 one-to-one
Unit33
Unit
3.1
10 g g
3.1 11 cc 22 hh 33 aa 44j j 55 ff 66 i i 7 7 e e 8 8 d d 9 9 bb 10
3.2
3.2 11 previous experience
22 subsidised meals
33 stand out
44 hands-on
55 field
6 6 openings (or
(orposts
posts or roles)
7 7 full training
88 managerial experience
99 benefits package
of
3.3 11 support of
3.3
22 passion for
for
33 relevant to
4 4 role as; reported to
55 carried out
out
66 suitable for
3.4
3.4 11 customer-facing
22 team player
33 Dear Sir or
or Madam
44 post, opening, role, position
position
55 fast-paced
Unit44
Unit
4.1
do …
... homework
4.1 11 do
22 trial run
run
3 3 first impression
44 body language; boost
55 firm handshake; eye contact
66 criteria
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
211
211
4.2
4.2 11 speak up
22 recruiting
3 3 fill
4 4 on
on
5 5 under pressure
66 professional development
4.3
us through
4.3 11 talk us
22 offer the
an ideal fit
the position; an
3 3 (paid) leave
44 panel
55 shortlisted
4.4
4.4 11 overviewing outlining
22 leaving notice
33 supe+ier
superior supervisor
44 io—sluice
in-office in-house
55 begie
begin start
6 6 trainer trainee
Unit
Unit55
5.1
5.1
I'maa technician
ina a factory.I
haveaa good working
my colleagues.
colleagues.I I tried to
I’m
technician in
factory. I thinkI
think I have
working relationship with my
to
establisha
rapport with them from the very beginning. The
personII like most is my
my opposite
establish a good rapport
The person
number in our
our office in Paris. My
My boss likes me
me to
initiative. Generally, whenI
number
to take
take the initiative.
when I socialise with
my workmates
it's not
not easy and
and sometimes we
my
workmates outside of work, we
we trynot
try not to talk abeut
about shop, but it’s
we
haveaa good gossip about colleagues and
and events at
atwork.
have
work.
5.2
5.2 11 dd
22 aa
33 ee 44 bb
55 ff
66 cc
5.3
5.3 11 went in with, start-up
2 2 workload
33 behind
behindaa desk
44 aa rut
rut
55 freelance
66 self-employed
self-employed
77 (dead-)end job
88 off
9 9 antisocial
antisocial/ / irregular
10 hot-desking
10
5.4
5.4
212
212
Possible answers:
11 repetitive, mechanical, challenging
22 mundane, monotonous, mind-numbing
33 varied, challenging,
challenging, glamorous
44 glamorous, stressful, varied
55 stressful, challenging,
challenging, rewarding
66 stressful, monotonous, glamorous
77 varied, repetitive, monotonous
88 stressful, stimulating, challenging
99 repetitive, monotonous, mundane
10 monotonous, challenging, stressful
10
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Unit66
Unit
6.1 11 Do
Do you
6.1
you enjoy teamwork?
22 I I don’t
don't think that financial reward
reward is the
key to
satisfaction.
the key
to job
job satisfaction.
3 3 Would you feel nervous givingaa presentation to an
interview panel?
panel?
an interview
44 Sales staff are
are often paid an
an annual
annual bonus
bonus when they perform well.
6.2 11 aa run-of-the-mill
run-of-the-milljob
6.2
job
22 aa person who
demotivated
who is demotivated
33 aa dynamic
dynamic profession
44 aa salary increment
increment
55 voluntary
voluntary redundancy
66 aa skeleton
skeleton staff of workers
77 someone who
overworked and
and underpaid
underpaid
who is overworked
88 aa performance-related
performance-related pay rise
6.3 1 1 Rafael has
has done thesame
and his job
be secure until he
he retires.
6.3
the same jobfor
job for thelast
the last fifteen years and
job will be
For Rafael, job
For
job stability is very important.
22 Kate has
hasaa good work-life
balance. She
She never works late and
and she
work–life balance.
she often finds time to relax with her
go to the
family or go
the cinema in the
the evening.
33 After graduating from Manchester University, Dan
Dan started work in the
the fast-moving film industry.
4 4 Amy
law firm for the
long-term career prospects they offered. It would be hard work for
Amy joined the law
the long-term
for
thefirst
but she
becomeaa senior partner.
the first few
few years, but
she could later become
6.4 11 She
She was
on maternity
maternity leave for three months after the
her baby. Then her
herhusband
6.4
was on
the birth of her
husband took
paternity leave for three months. (You can
and refer to
parental leave.)
leave.)
paternity
can also combine thetwo
the two terms and
to parental
2 2 Sarah has been on adoption
adoption leave since she
she and
and Brian welcomed their new
new two-year old child into
their family. Brian took voluntary
at home too.
voluntary redundancy from his job, which means he is at
33 My
My holiday entitlement
entitlement is four weeksa
my workplace
weeks a year. The
The atmosphere in my
workplace is very pleasant,
so I’m
I'm happy.
so
44 When
WhenI I applied forthe
panel
for the job,I
job, I was
was looking to
to joina
join a dynamic team. However, the interview panel
gave an impression of complete boredom and lack of interest.
5 5 The
had to operate witha
had been
beenaa
The factory had
with a skeleton
skeleton staff during the economic crisis. There had
ofcompulsory
large number of
compulsory redundancies.
66 I I get
perks in my
my new
new job.I
geta a company car
carand
insurance.
get some good perks
job. I get
and free health insurance.
Unit77
Unit
7.1 11 cc 22 gg 33 ee 44 bb 55 hh 66 aa 77 ff 88 ii 99 dd
7.1
7.2 11 under 22 around 33 back 44 cold 55 part 66 bid 77 telesales
7.2
88 niche
99 stock
7.3 11 hammer out
outanagreement
7.3
outaa deal// hammer out
an agreement
22 red
redtape
tape 33 aa takeover 44 lucrative
5 5 start-up 66 swallowed up
77 proposition 88 administration
7.4 11 reach
7.4
22 priced
33 merchandise
44 down
55 back
66 red
redtape
tape
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
213
213
Unit88
Unit
8.1 11 Sophie 22 Harry 33 Tatyana 44 Andrey S5 Alice 66 Tom
8.1
Tom
8.2
8.2
and Marco
Positive: Ellie and
and Julia
Negative: David and
8.3 11 opportunistic
8.3
22 intuitive
3 3 morose
44 naive
55 magnetic
66 methodical
77 brusque
88 superficial
9 9 insecure
10 good company
11 courageous
11
12 perfectionist
8.4 11 altruistic
8.4
2 2 parsimonious
33 diligent
4 4 placid
55 industrious
66 rebellious
77 distrustful
8 8 terse
99 naive
10 unscrupulous
8.5
8.5
Possible answers:
11 altruistic: unselfish
22 parsimonious:
parsimonious: thrifty
3 3 diligent: hard-working
44 placid: calm, easy-going
55 industrious:
industrious: hard-working, energetic
66 rebellious:
rebellious: disobedient, defiant, unruly
77 distrustful:
distrustful: suspicious, wary
88 terse: abrupt, short
99 naive: green, trusting
10 unscrupulous:
unscrupulous: dishonest, dodgy
10
Unit99
Unit
9.1
She looks as if she
she needs
needsaa good meal; her body is so
scrawny.
9.1 11 She
so scrawny.
22 Martha and
and David are both rather lanky individuals.
individuals.
3 3 Being obese
obese can have health risks.
4 4 A A gangly/gangling
our bags forus.
gangly/gangling boy carried our
for us.
5 5 Her
Her new
new silk dress suited her slender
slender frame.
66 AA stocky
man offered to lift the
stocky man
the stone so we
we could look underneath.
77 That stout
stout woman on
onthe
of the
Charlie's wife.
the left of
the photo is Charlie’s
214
214
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
9.2
9.2
Possible answers:
11 unkempt
22 hair
33 bulked up
up
44 haggard
9.3 11 He’s
He's folding his arms.
9.3
22 He’s
He's clenching his fists.
3 3 She’s
She's biting her
her nails.
4 4 She’s
She's shrugging her shoulders.
55 She’s
She's scowling.
66 She’s
She's grinning.
9.4 11 The
an attractive way; positioning your lips in
ina a look of
9.4
The two
two meanings: positioning your lips in an
annoyance.
22 They are
areprobably
probably angry or annoyed.
33 AA swarthy complexion is dark,
dark,aa sallow one
one is rather yellowish and
and unhealthy-looking.
44 When youfeel
you feel really angry or frustrated.
frustrated.
5 5 When they want toshow
don't understand or know something, or that they don’t
don't care
to show that they don’t
about something.
66 You
You might tap or drum them.
77 People often fold their arms when they are listening toa
to a lecture or to the
the teacher in class,
or when sitting fora
expressaa refusal to respond,
or
for a photograph. Folding your arms can also express
confrontation or hearing something you don’t
don't like. People often cross their legs when sitting and
and
confrontation
waiting forsomething.
for something.
88 AA ‘lean and
and wiry’ person is thin, healthy and
and strong.
Unit
Unit 10
10
10.1 11 An approachable teacher or boss is one
one that you
can easily talk to.
10.1
you can
2 2 pig-headed
33 little
4 4 an
an effusive greeting
s5 difficult
6 6 impetuous
T7 conscientious
88 extrovert
10.2 11 Don’t
Don't be
be so conceited!
conceited! You're
one to get an
an A-grade!
10.2
You’re not the only one
22 People with// who
have low
low self-esteem can
can find it difficult to
who have
to achieve their goals.
3 3 He’s
He's generally an
an outgoing sort of person.
44 She
She is
isa a well-balanced person overall.
5 5 You
restless. What's
You always seem restless.
What’s the problem?
66 He’s
He's so excitable.
excitable. He
He should tryto
try to calm down more.
77 She
She is
is rather
rather naive
naive when it comes topolitics.
to politics.
8 8 He’s
He's pushy
pushy and cares little what happens to
to others.
99 Frances was
aloof at
atthe
was very aloof
the party.
10 At
haughty.
At times, Joel is quite haughty.
10
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
215
215
10.3
10.3
adjective
noun
adjective
noun
excitable
excitability
reserved
reserve
gullible
gullibility
diffident
diffidence
disdainful
disdain
pig-headed
pig-headedness
impetuous
impetuosity (or,
much less commonly,
impetuousness)
respectful
respect
obstinate
obstinacy
self-important
self-importance
approachable
approachability
modest
modesty
ofhermain
impetuosity/impetuousness.
10.4
her main character traits is impetuosity/impetuousness.
10.4 11 One of
to get
to change
ways. He
very obstinate.
22 It’s
It's difficult
difficult to
get him
him to
change his
hisways.
He is
is very
obstinate.
very reserved,
wife is
approachable.
33 Luke
Luke is
is very
reserved, but
but his
hiswife
is more
more approachable.
44 One
One of
of her nicest characteristics is (her)
(her) modesty.
modesty.
very respectful
towards/to her
55 She
She is
is very
respectful towards/to
her elders.
elders. It’s
It's important
important in
in her
her culture.
culture.
seems tobe
to beaa family
family trait
trait among
66 Pig-headedness
Pig-headedness seems
among my
my relatives.
relatives.
7 7 She
She is
is so
so self-important;
self-important; it
it irritates
irritates everyone.
everyone.
thieves prey
88 Online
Online identity
identity thieves
prey on
on people’s
people's gullibility.
gullibility.
Unit 11
11.1 11 ee 22 ff 33 aa 44 bb 55 dd 66 cc
11 …
... love
love at
at first
first sight.
sight.
22 …
... kindred
kindred spirits.
spirits.
33 …
... bosom
bosom pals.
pals.
44 …
... mutual
mutual acquaintances.
acquaintances.
55 …
... head
head over
over heels
heels in
in love.
love.
66 …
... hit
hit it
it off.
off.
11.2 11 eyes
11.2
22 well-matched
fire
33 on,
on, on
on fire
4 4 infatuated
infatuated// besotted
besotted
55 regard
66 heart
heart
77 thick
88 family
11.3
11.3
noun
adjective
noun
adjective
loyalty
loyal
respect
respectful
consideration
consideration
considerate
affection
affection
affectionate
passion
passionate
romance
romantic
devotion
devoted
support
supportive
fondness
fond
amiability
amiable
faithfulness/faith*
faithful
trust
trusting/trustworthy'
trusting/trustworthy†
adoration
adoring
infatuation
infatuation
infatuated
*Faithfulness is
is when
loyal to
someone; faith is
is the
complete trust
or confidence
confidence
*Faithfulness
when youarecompletely
you are completely loyal
to someone;
the complete
trust or
that
have in
in someone
someone or
orsomething.
that you
you have
something.
†
If someone
is very
(or other
other people);
people); if
if they
are trustworthy, you
(or other
other
If
someone is
very trusting, they
they trust
trust you
you (or
they are
you (or
people) can
can trust
people)
trust them.
them.
216
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
11.4 11 to
11.4
to
22 for
for
to
33 to
44 of
of
55 of
of
66 in
7 7 towards
88 about
Unit 12
12
Unit
12.1 11 disloyal
12.1
2 2 untruthful
33 dishonest
44 unsupportive
55 friendly
66 disrespectful
12.2 11 We
12.2
We both own
own the company: we’re
we're business partners.
partners.
acquaintances since moving to
to London, but no close friends yet.
22 I’ve
I've made several casual acquaintances
the USA
allies in the
the First World War?
3 3 Were Britain and
and the
USA allies
they’re (bitter/arch)
44 The two companies hate each other: they're
(bitter/arch) rivals.
rivals.
12.3 11 close/ / staunch
12.3
22 scrupulous
33 deeply
44 complete, unswerving
s5 bitter
bitter// arch
66 true// loyal
12.4 11 with
12.4
22 of
33 to
44 behind
55 on, with
66 towards
12.5 11 Mia
Miaand
hersister
didn't see
see eye
eye to
onaa lot of
of things.
12.5
and her
sister didn’t
to eye
eye on
22 Carla’s
Carla's affection
affection for Andrew has
hasturned
lately.II expect they'll
up.
turned sour
sour lately.
they’ll split
split up.
3 3 Our
Our relationship broke
broke down
down because we
untruthful to each other.
we were untruthful
4 4 Henry’s
Henry's brothers are sworn
sworn enemies.
enemies.
12.6 11 It was
misunderstanding.
12.6
wasa a genuine misunderstanding.
22 They come froma
broken home.
home.
from a broken
33 It has
has had
had its
its ups
ups and
and downs.
downs.
44 AA serious rift
rifi has
has developed
developed between thetwo
the two union leaders.
55 I I think it’s
it'sa a family feud.
Unit
Unit 13
13
13.1 11 BB crave 22 CC defusing 33 BB thrilled 4 4 BB appease 55 CC coveted 66 BB blissfully
13.2 11 Katie 22 Ashley 33 Rowan 44 William
13.2
13.3 11 dd 22 ff 33 bb 44 ee 55 aa 66 cc
13.3
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
217
217
13.4
Appease(ment) is usually associated with disapproval.
13.4 11 No.
No.Appease(ment)
22 Jubilant.
find a compromise or
33 They would probably be trying to finda
oraa solution that would be acceptable to
both neighbours.
44 Angry.
S5 They are
areprobably
probably not ready to forget the
the conflict because they very much want revenge.
Unit 14
14.1 11 I I have
haveaa strong aversion
aversion to people who
attention.
14.1
who always want tobe
to be thecentre
the centre of attention.
2 2 He
He always scorns our amateur theatrical productions.
33 She
She abhors injustice, wherever it occurs.
4 4 I I am
am not
not averse toaa vegetarian diet. I’ve
I've just never tried it.
5 5 His
His attitude was
irritating./ /II was
irritated by
by his attitude.
was very irritating.
was very irritated
6 6 We
alarmed when we heard the news.
We were all alarmed
14.2 11 bb upset
14.2
22 very strong dislike
dislike/ / intense hatred
33 cc actively and
and strongly dislike them
44 bb annoyance
14.3 11 dd 22 ee 33 aa 44 bb 55 cc
14.3
14.4 11 ostentatious
14.4
22 fickle
3 3 pretentious
44 nit-picking
5 5 sloppy
66 obnoxious
77 offhand
88 pompous
99 puerile
10 officious
10
11 forlorn
11
12 distraught
12
Unit 15
15.1 11 conceive
15.1
22 labour, birth
3 3 delivery, caesarean
44 placenta, uterus/womb
55 tube
66 midwife
77 expecting
88 pregnancy, foetus
15.2
the President’s
15.2 11 The whole country is in mourning
mourning after the
President's death.
22 I’d
I'd like my
my ashes
ashes scattered in my
my favourite forest.
was a shepherd all his life.
3 3 My
My late
late grandfather wasa
4 4 I’m
I'm afraid her
her elderly step-mother has just passed away.
away.
is on
55 My
My car
caris
on its last legs.
legs.
6 6 My
My father bequeathed
bequeathed me
me his gold watch in his will.
to have been at
death’s door
for years.
7 7 Mrs
Mrs Wilson seems tohave
atdeath's
door foryears.
the earthquake.
8 8 Over 2,000 people perished
perished in the
was amazing there were no fatalities
fatalities when thebridge
the bridge collapsed.
99 It was
10
of £500 in her
10 My
My aunt left me
me a a bequest
bequest of£500
her will.
218
218
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
15.3
the moment.
15.3 11 Both my
my sisters are
are expecting
expecting at
atthe
22 Shona Harrison gave
gave birth
birth to twins last Monday.
33 She has been taking fertility drugs (to help her conceive).
4 4 All my
my grandparents lived toa
ripe old
age.
to a ripe
old age.
55 My
My neighbour is 90
but she
she still has
has all
all her
her wits about
about her.
her.
90 but
the deceased died without
without leaving
will.
66 Unfortunately, the
leavingaa will.
7 7 John’s
John's three nephews
nephews each inherited
inherited £1,000
£1,000 from him.
him.
88 Please
Please accept my
my condolences.
condolences.
15.4 11 perished
22 slaughtered
33 fatalities
4 4 deceased
55 passed away
66 pensioner
77 bequeathed
88 inherited
99 bequest
Unit 16
16
Unit
16.1 11 therapeutic
16.1
22 lucrative
3 3 relaxing/ / calming// therapeutic
44 fruitful
5 5 rewarding
66 time-consuming
16.2 11 aa couch potato
16.2
22 aa shopaholic
33 aa culture vulture
44 aa dabbler
16.3
16.3
Possible answers:
11 It’s
It'sa a matter of
of personal choice but, for me,
me, tidying is more of
ofaa chore than washing my
my clothes.
22 It depends, of
ofcourse,
but once
onceaa week in the
course, but
the grass-growing season is normal in England.
33 No, he/she doesn’t.
doesn't.
4 4 No,
No, they do
doaa bit of photography but are
are not seriously into it.
5 5 Again, it’s
it'sa a matter of personal choice but, for me,
me, being
beingaa participant is more appealing than
beingaa spectator.
being
16.4 11 My daughter’s
daughter's into
into folk music. She
She downloads
downloadsaa lot of
16.4
of traditional folk songs.
22 He
He locks
locks himself away
away in the
and plays with his model railway for hours on
on end.
the attic and
33 She’s
She's (totally)
(totally) hooked
hooked on
on football these days. She
She watches every match on TV.
TV.
44 I I have
haveaa full
diary forthe
full diary
for the rest of the
the month.
55 What do you get
getup
up towhen
to when youaren't
you aren’t working, Nigel?
66 Martine was
keen participant
participant in the
wasaa keen
the end-of-term concert.
16.5 11 therapeutic
16.5
22 couch potato
33 gone off
4 4 time-consuming
55 full diary
66 lucrative
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
219
219
Unit 17
17.1
17.1
Possible answers:
11 You
an untidy, careless way.
You mean that they tend to dress in an
22 Smart but
butfairly
fairly casual clothes.
3 3 Revealing, skimpy, clingy, baggy orfrumpy
notbe
interview.
or frumpy clothes would not
be appropriate for
foraa job interview.
4 4 It would be appropriate for
men and
and women towear
for both men
to wearaa smart suit toa
to a job
job interview.
5 5 Jeans and
andaa baggy shirt.
6 6 A A nice belt, with boots and
and simple jewellery.
7 7 Trousers and
andaa T-shirt.
8 8 Nurses, police officers, firemen, airline staff, the
the military.
9 9 Jobs involving risk, e.g. construction workers, miners.
She means it’s
it's extremely useful.
10 She
17.2 11 thenines
17.2
the nines
22 smart-casual
33 skimpy// revealing
4 4 designer (label), High Street
55 height, chic
66 baggy
77 on
88 must
17.3 11 I’m
I'mno
atspeaking
17.3
no good at
speaking offthe
off the cuff.
2 2 Simon is bound tohave
up his
hissleeve
to have something up
sleeve fortomorrow's
for tomorrow’s meeting.
33 I I think we
drawaa veil over what happened on Monday, don’t
don't you?
we should draw
44 Be careful what you saytoHelen
hand in
inglove
say to Helen –— she's
she’s hand
glove with the boss.
55 The
new legislation has
has put
put us
us in
ina a straitjacket.
The new
straitjacket.
6 6 We'll
haveaa great party even if we
do it on
We’ll still have
we have to do
ona a shoestring.
17.4 11 The literal meaning ofbelt
isa a piece of cloth or leather that you
17.4
of belt is
you wear round your waist. You
You need
totighten
oftighten
ina a
to tighten it if you
you lose weight. The
The metaphorical meaning of
tighten yoUr
your be/I
belt is to
to start living in
more economical way.
22 The
sew up
up the
e.g.a a dress so that it does not
not
The literal meaning oftheverb
of the verb hem
hem is to
to sew
the bottom edge of, e.g.
develop loose threads. Hemmed in means completely surrounded.
33 AA seam is
isa a line of sewing joining two
say,aa bag
bag is bursting at the seams,
two pieces of material so that if, say,
ofbursting
it is almost splitting open. The
The metaphorical meaning of
bursting at the seams is very, very full.
4 4 Literally, to
to cloak is to
ofcloaked
to cover witha
with a cloak. The
The metaphorical meaning of
cloaked is kept secret.
5 5 Literally
Literallya a feather in someone's
simplyaa feather decorating their cap
cap or hat. The
someone’s cap is simply
The
oftheexpression
an achievement to
metaphorical meaning of
the expression is an
to be proud of.
220
220
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Unit 18
18
Unit
18.1
18.1
Possible answers:
accommodation
What kind of person lives there?
Would you like to live there? Why/Why not?
furnished
accommodation
not have their own
someone who'does
who does not
own
furniture, perhaps
perhapsaa young person or
someone living in
ina a place for
foraa short
period of time
II wouldn't
wouldn’t want tolive
to live in this kind of
accommodation now
now because
becauseI I have too
accommodation
my own
own now.
many pieces of furniture of my
social housing
do not have enough money
people who
who do
tobuy
oftheir
own
to buyaa house of
their own
It would depend on thearea
the area –— some social
and there isa a friendly
housing is very nice and
atmosphere. But in other areas, the
the social
housing is rather run-down and depressing.
granny flat
an elderly relative of the
an
the people who
who
live in the
the main house
When I’m
I'mold,
old,II would like to
to live close to
my family but with at least
leasta a degree of
of
my
independence.
independence.
high—rise
high-rise
of person might live in one
one
any type of
of
of these, though it would probably be
someone in
ina a large city
II wouldn't
wouldn’t like to
to live very high up, as it
would mean usingaa lift oror lots of
of stairs to
to get
get
down tothebottom
to the bottom and go outside.
hovel
someone who
not good at or
who is not
interested in looking after themselves
interested
II should hate to live somewhere dirty and
and in
a a bad
bad condition.
penthouse
of money
someone witha
with a lot of
I'd like to
ina a spacious modern
I’d
to live in
and
penthouse with the very latest in design and
technology, and
andaa fantastic view overaa city.
18.2 11 on fire
18.2
2 2 home truths
33 write
home about
about
write home
44 life and
and death
55 fast
lane
fast lane
66 led
led
77 breathe
88 make
make
18.3 11 We
had thetime
life/lives on
on holiday
holiday this
18.3
We had
the time ofour
of our life/lives
this year.
year.
22 As
as spring
spring comes,
comes,II feel
feel as
as ifif I’m
I'm getting
new lease
lease of
of life.
life.
As soon
soon as
gettingaa new
3 3 The
problems caused
caused by
by the
floods are
are only
only hitting
hitting home
home now.
now.
The problems
the floods
44 II imagine
imagine that
beingaa servant
in the
past must
must have
have been
beenaa dog's
life.
that being
servant in
the past
dog’s life.
5 5 All
over the
McDonald's is
isa a household
household name.
name.
All over
the world,
world, McDonald’s
66 He’s
He's taking
hislife
in his
his hands
hands if
if he
he gets
gets in
ina a car
car with
Ben at
at the
taking his
life in
with Ben
the wheel!
wheel!
77 Because
Because we
such frequent
customers, the
restaurant gave
gave us
usaa meal
meal on
on the
house.
we were
were such
frequent customers,
the restaurant
the house.
88 Our
Our holiday
holiday apartment
apartment was
quite adequate
adequate but
but nothing
nothing to
write home
home about.
about.
was quite
to write
18.4 11 committing suicide
18.4
2 2 was
was extremely popular with the audience
33 occupations
occupations
44 very unstable
55 eat
eat an
an enormous
enormous amount
amount
funny at
66 be
be energetic
energetic and
and funny
ataa social
social occasion
occasion
Unit 19
19
Unit
19.1 11 male:
male:aa stag
stag party
party or
or stag
night; female:a
hen party
party or
or hen
hen night
night
19.1
stag night;
female: a hen
22 the
reception and/or
and/or an
an evening
evening party
party
the wedding
wedding reception
33 aa housewarming
housewarming (party)
(party)
4 4 aa launch
launch party
party//aa book
book launch
launch
55 aa reception
reception// an
an official
official reception
reception
66 aa fancy-dress
party
fancy-dress party
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
221
221
19.2 11 It’s
19.2
to see Theo, but somehow he
always manages tooutstay
to outstay his
welcome.
It's always good toseeTheo,
healways
hiswelcome.
22 I’m
I'mgoing
It'sa a black-tie
black-tie event.
going toaa dinner at the Royal Plaza Hotel tonight. It’s
33 Don’t
Don't forget your old
oldfriends
becomesaa hit and
and you're
rubbing shoulders//
friends when your film becomes
you’re rubbing
hobnobbing// hanging
hanging out
out with the rich and
and famous.
hobnobbing
44 We're
haveaa girls'
night out
on Friday.
We’re going to have
girls’ night
out on
We must invite Jasmine to
to our do.She'sa
do. She’s a real party
S 5 We
party animal!
animal!
66 Don’t
Don't always wait forpeople
do things foryou.
proactive.
for people to do
for you. You
You should be more proactive.
77 It’s
It's good toseeyou!
do lunch
lunch sometime and discuss business.
to see you! We
We must do
88 It irritates me
me the
he's always hobnobbing
hobnobbing with the managers.
the way
way he’s
19.3 11 He usually hangs out
19.3
out with his college friends at the
the weekend and they go to football matches
and things.
2 2 Nella and
and her
her friends are very cliquey.
don't mix
mix with anyone else.
cliquey. They don’t
3 3 I’d
I'd better go
go home now. You've
butI I don’t
don't want tooutstay
my welcome.
You’ve been very kind, but
to outstay my
44 She said she
outwith
me, then she stood me
me up!
up!
she wanted togo
to go out
with me,
55 Rita and
and Nick are an
an item.
item. They've
Didn't you
They’ve been together formonths.
for months. Didn’t
you know?
66 Laurie’s
Laurie's crowd
arereally
people.II often meet up with them in town.
crowd are
really fun
fun people.
Unit 20
20
Unit
20.1 11 far-fetched
20.1
far-fetched
2 2 hackneyed
33 overrated
4 4 understated
understated
55 disjointed
6 6 tedious
20.2
20.2
Suggested answers:
11 The
(rather/a bit)
bit) risqué
risqué and
and was
attacked by several politicians and
and religious
The musical was
was (rather/a
was attacked
figures. (Risqué is often used witha
very,a a bit, etc.)
with a modifier such as rather, very,
2 2 Her
Her dance performance was
was memorable/unforgettable,
memorable/unforgettable, simply marvellous.
33 I I can’t
can't remember thelast
suchaa gripping
the last timeI
time I saw
saw such
gripping film.
film.
4 4 It was
moving play.
wasa a very/deeply
very/deeply moving
5 5 It’s
It'sa a harrowing
harrowing film.
6 6 His
His first stand-up routine was
was hilarious.
hilarious.
20.3 11 flop
20.3
22 booed
33 panned
20.4 11 portrayal
20.4
4 4 interpretation
55 glowing
66 ovation
22 miscast
33 cliffhanger
4 4 keep you on the edge of
ofyour
your seat
55 budding (like the
ofaa flower, which will open up and grow)
the buds of
66 blockbuster (film/movie)
(film/movie)
77 cops-and-robbers
88 masterpiece
222
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Unit 21
Unit
21
21.1 11 Surrealism
Surrealism
21.1
22 Op-art
33 Cubism
44 Impressionism
Impressionism
55 subject matter
66 visually literate
21.2 11 Low —as
by the
use of the
and lack of care.
21.2
– as is made clear by
the use
the word dauber, which suggests speed and
2 2 Formal –— because deem is typical of more formal speech or writing.
3 3 Not
Not affected at all –— the
use of
of the
has developed
developedaa hard
the use
the word inured suggests that the sculptor has
skin when it comes tocriticism.
to criticism.
4 4 An
isa a place where students study art, whilea
artis
an artistic movement.
An art school is
while a school of art
is an
21.3
21.3
usually positive associations: dazzling, evocative, exquisite, intriguing, original, peerless, priceless,
skilful, thought-provoking
usually negative associations: predictable, highbrow, lowbrow, impenetrable, undemanding,
pedestrian, uninspiring, unstimulating, clumsy, dreary, run-of-the-mill, worthless, poorly done
associations: transparent, challenging, tongue-in-cheek, earnest, sophisticated,
negative or positive associations:
primitive
21.4
21.4
Possible answers:
l I think Picasso’s
Picasso's painting called Guernica is very original because he treated his subject matter in
and powerful way.
such an unusual and
I I think the pictures on
on chocolate boxes could be
be called rather lowbrow as
asthey
they are intended to appeal
toaa mass audience.
I I find some modern sculpture rather impenetrable as
asI I don’t
don't know what it is meant torepresent
andI I
to represent and
don't find it beautiful in any
any way.
don’t
I I think you
sophisticated in that you
you could call some classical paintings sophisticated
you appreciate them more if you
you
had some artistic education.
have had
I I find paintings by
by the
the surrealist artist Salvador Dali rather challenging as they contain so many
and unexpected images.
curious and
I I went toan
exhibition of
ofaa new
new art school graduate whichI
to an exhibition
which I thought was
was rather pedestrian because it
contained nothing original.
I I find paintings by
by Toulouse-Lautrec very evocative because they make me
me feel as
as ifI I am
am there
myself.
I I find the
by Anish Kapoor very thought-provoking in that you
the sculptures by
you want tolook
to look at them for
foraa
outwhat
long time to work out
what he intended to convey.
my opinion, the
on ancient Chinese porcelain are often exquisite as they are
are so delicate
In my
the designs on
and so
and
so carefully executed.
I I founda
found a recent work that won
wonaa prestigious art prize –—anan unmade, rather grubby bed —–
me feel miserable rather than uplifted, as
asII believe art should.
extraordinarily dreary as it made me
I I believe that Turner's
sea are peerless as no
no other painter seems tocapture
Turner’s paintings of the
the sea
to capture the
and light of the
sea so
so effectively.
effectively.
colour and
the sea
aretongue-in-cheek
do not take anything too
Most political cartoons in newspapers are
tongue-in-cheek as they do
seriously.
The
The beautiful paintings of Leonardo da Vinci are, of course, priceless.
I I can
see that the works of
ofthe
areskilful,
but personally
personallyII don’t
don't
can see
the modern British painter Tracey Emin are
skilful, but
like them very much.
21.5 11 lowbrow
21.5
22 tongue-in-cheek
33 primitive
4 4 dreary
55 exquisite
exquisite
66 challenging
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
223
223
21.6
21.6
verb
noun
adjective
paint
painting, painter
painted
sketch
sketch
sketchy
depict
depiction
depicted
portray
portrayal, portrait
portrayed
colour
colour
colourful, colourless
shape
shape
shapely
illustrate
illustration, illustrator
illustrative
illuminate
illumination
illumination
illuminating
Unit 22
22
Unit
22.1 11 memoir/memoirs
22.1
22 manual
33 anthology
44 journal
22.2
22.2
Suggested answers:
11 I I just could not get
into the story, so
soII stopped reading it.
get into
2 2 It’s
It's lightweight.
33 It’s
It's heavy
heavy going.
going.
44 It’s
It's good
bedtime reading;
reading; it’s
it's just right when you're
atnight.
was
good bedtime
you’re settling down at
night. All the
the timeI
time I was
it,I I just couldn’t
couldn't put
put it
it down.
down.
reading it,
55 It’s
It's compulsive
reading, it’s
it's so
so fascinating./
It'sa a gripping
gripping story.
story.
compulsive reading,
fascinating. / It’s
66 The
informative.
The book is very
very informative.
77 Her
Her second novel did not attract
attractaa large readership.
readership.
insight.
88 This book contains some great moments of
ofinsight.
engaging tale
tale aboutaa boy who
9 9 It is an
an engaging
who nurses an
an injured bird.
10
of its
time, but what was true in the
the 1980s doesn’t
10 Mena Harrap’s
Harrap's self-help book was
wasaa product
product of
its time,
doesn't
necessarily apply nowadays.
22.3 11 The story takes place against
againstaa rather lugubrious
lugubrious background in 18th-century London.
22.3
22 It’s
It's full of
of wry
wry comedy and satire.
3 3 The
isa a chilling
documentation of
ofabuse
ina a prison.
The book is
chilling documentation
abuse in
4 4 The
of evocative
The novel is full of
evocative passages depicting life in Australia at the
the turn of the 19th century.
55 It’s
It'sa a very enigmatic
enigmatic novel; you
you never really know what is happening until right at the
the end.
66 The
isa a poignant
poignant portrayal of life in
ina a coal-mining community during the last economic
The novel is
recession.
77 John Farr’s
Farr's latest novel is
isa a breathtaking
breathtaking masterpiece.
88 House oftheDead
isa a macabre
macabre story of torture and
and death in
ina a medieval castle.
of the Dead is
9 9 The
novel's eponymous
eponymous heroine, Maria Selune, leaves home at
attheageof18andtravels
The novel’s
the age of 18 and travels
through Asia.
10 Laisha and
and Asoka are
arethe
protagonists in this unusual tale of rural family life.
10
the protagonists
22.4 11 cc 22 aa 33 dd 44 bb
22.4
Unit 23
23
Unit
23.1 11 Rowan
23.1
22 Thomas
33 Atsuko
44 Hannah
55 Beth
66 Carlos
224
224
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
23.2 11 nutrition (or you
nutritional)
23.2
you could use the adjective nutritional)
2 2 traffic-light
3 3 wholesome
44 unprocessed
unprocessed
55 gluten-free
66 battery farming
77 vegan
88 wholefoods
23.3 11 My mother grilled
me about whereI
had been last night.
23.3
grilled me
where I had
2 2 I I feelI
spice up
up my
my life.
feel I need something more exciting to spice
3 3 What's
me in on
on all the
What’s been happening recently? You
You must fill me
the juicy
juicy gossip.
4 4 Don’t
Don't tell her
her that her phone has
hasbeen
(in her
her own
own juice)
be
been found. Let her stew
stew (in
juice) —– perhaps she'll
she’ll be
more careful with it in future.
5 5 He
He wanted me
me togo
isn't my
my cup
to go tothe
to the match with him, but rugby just isn’t
cup of
of tea.
tea.
6 6 They lived together happily for
but things turned
sour when his mother came tolive
for many years, but
turned sour
to live
with them.
77 Patience combined with interest in your pupils is
isa a recipe
recipe for
for success for
foraa teacher.
88 Jake’s
Jake's ideas are always half-baked.
half-baked.
99 There were some unsavoury
unsavoury characters at that party.
10 He
He has
has cooked
upaa crazy scheme formaking
has all the
ingredients ofaa
10
cooked up
for making money on theinternet.
the internet. It has
the ingredients
complete disaster.
Unit 24
Unit
24
24.1
24.1
Suggested answers:
asaa group, we
we usually
the bill.
11 When we eat
eatout
outas
usually split
split the
bill.
this (one).
You can
2 2 Let
Let me
me get
get this
(one). You
can pay
pay next time.
to the
the company’s
always wined
wined and
the best
33 Visitors to
company's head office in London are
arealways
and dined
dined in/at
in/at the
restaurants.
Would you
you like
to join
join us
for lunch tomorrow?
4 4 Would
like to
us for
on me.
55 No,
No, please. Put
Put your credit card away. Dinner’s
Dinner's on
me.
you to
to be
the theatre tomorrow night.
66 I’d
I'd like
like you
be my
my guest
guest at
atthe
24.2 11 I’m
I'mteetotal.
24.2
teetotal.
22 I I haven’t
haven't got
gotaa sweet
sweet tooth.
tooth.
33 Do
Do you
have any
speciaL’particular dietary
requirements?
you have
any special/particular
dietary requirements?
44 Justa
portion forme,
please.II don’t
don't want tooverdo
it.
Just a small portion
for me, please.
to overdo it.
5 5 She’s
She's become very
calorie-conscious.// She’s
She's counting
very calorie-conscious.
counting the
the calories.
calories.
66 Sasha is such
suchaa fussy
It's difficult to
fussy eater.
eater. It’s
to find things she
she likes.
24.3 11 aa savoury dish
24.3
22 aa sullen/overbearing waiter
33 an
an informal get-together
4 4 courteous staff
5 5 sluggish service
66 impeccable service
24.4 11 take pot luck
24.4
22 say
say when
33 graba
eat
grab a bite to eat
4 4 nibbles
55 seconds (note plural)
6 6 an
an informal get-together
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
225
225
Unit 25
25
Unit
25.1
25.1 11 tow-away
22 tailback
33 pile-ups
4 4 give-way
55 right of way
way
6 6 hit-and-run
77
88
99
10
11
11
(exhaust) emissions
breathalyser, drink-driving, penalty points
breathalyser,
sound/beep, horns
disruption
congestion
25.2
25.2
Suggested answers:
22 B: Oh,
Oh, so
so you
you skidded.
skidded.
33 B: Oh,
Oh, I I guess it was
road rage.
rage.
wasa a case of road
4 4 B: Oh,
Oh, so
bald, were they?
so your tyres were bald,
55 B: Oh,
Oh, so
head-on collision.
collision.
so it was
wasa a head-on
6 6 B: Oh,
Oh, really?
really?I I didn't
didn’t know they could give on-the-spot
on-the-spot fines.
fines.
7 7 B: Oh,
Oh, so
it's not
not roadworthy.
so it’s
88 B: Oh,
Oh, really? Do
Do you
payaa toll?I
didn't know that.
you have to pay
toll? I didn’t
25.3
25.3
Suggested answers:
11 All the
the traffic in all directions was
was unable to move.
22 The police car made me
me stop at the side of the
the road.
33 I I had
had a a small accident whereI
or another car, but
but without serious damage. (Bump is
where I hit something or
an informal alternative to collision.)
collision.)
an
4 4 My
My car
car broke down. (Conk out is very informal.)
informal.)
5 5 He’s
He's an
an irritating person who
and thinks he
he can
can tell the
how
who sits in the
the passenger seat and
the driver how
to drive.
Unit 26
26
Unit
26.1
26.1
Suggested answers:
22 I I hate charter
charter flights.
flights.
3 3 The
usaa three-night stopover
The ticket allowed us
stopover in Singapore on
on the journey from London toSydney.
to Sydney.
44 You
can getaa shared
on the ferry./
can get
geta a four-berth
cabin on
You can
shared cabin
cabin on
ferry. / You
You can
four-berth cabin
on the ferry.
5 5 Our
Our seats were in the
the front/first
front/first carriage.
carriage.
66 When youarrive,
holiday./ / The
you arrive, the
the transfers
transfers are included in the
the cost of the
the holiday.
The cost of the
the holiday is
inclusive of transfers.
transfers.
77 It was
but there were (some) restrictions.
restrictions.
wasa a cheap fare, but
8 8 The
it's non-refundable.
non-refundable.
The ticket is relatively cheap, but it’s
99 It’s
It's an
an all-inclusive
all-inclusive holiday.
holiday.
26.2 11 ee 22 ff 33 aa 44 cc 55jj 66 bb 77 dd 88 gg 99 hh
26.2
26.3
26.3
226
226
10ii
10
Suggested answers:
11 self-catering holiday: to be
be your own
own boss
22 camping at
ataa beach resort: to
any extra
to rough it (i.e. to
to live in very basic conditions, without any
out in the
comforts), to sleep under the stars (i.e. out
the open, withouta
without a roof over your head)
33 staying in an
an inn
inn or
ora a guest house:
house:aa cosy atmosphere
44 skiing holiday, staying in
ina a chalet: an
an exhilarating experience, perhaps also
alsoaa real learning
experience
55 trekking holiday, camping in the
the mountains: to keep on the move, to
to be out in the
the wilds (i.e. away
from civilisation), to
an exhilarating experience
to sleep under the
the stars, an
66 cruise: to
and relax for long periods), to just drift along (to go
to lounge around (i.e. to
to sit or
or lie and
go along
with the pace and
and rhythm of
ofthe
the ship)
7 7 sightseeing holiday, staying in
ina a hotel in
ina a historic city: to
on entrance fees,a
to spenda
spend a fortune on
fees, a real
learning experience
88 touring holiday, in
ina a hire car: to
andgo
asyouplease,
not drive fast,
to come and
go as
you please, to just drift along (i.e. not
no particular plan), to
on the move
no
to keep on
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
26.4
26.4
Suggested answers:
11 lounged around
around// drifted along
22 be my
my own
own boss
the stars
the wilds
33 roughing it/ / sleeping under the
stars/ / being out in the
44 an
an exhilarating experience
55 to spend
spendaa fortune on
on entrance fees
66 aa real learning experience
77 aa cosy atmosphere
88 to
to keep on the move
Unit 27
Unit
27
27.1 11 boasts
27.1
22 sector
33 fauna
44 get, beaten
55 hordes
66 get, nature
77 seeking, ordinary
88 escape
99 tracts, virgin, wealth
10 parks, reserves
27.2 11 unrivalled
27.2
22 scenic
33 stunning
44 unbeatable
55 awe-inspiring
66 waterfront
77 unwind
88 recharge
27.3 11 trek, hike, ramble
27.3
22 savour
33 discerning
44 outside of the cities in wild areas, covered with grass, bushes and
and trees, especially in Africa and
and
Australia
5 5 four by four: the
has driving power on all four wheels (often used to cross rough terrain or
or
the vehicle has
snow and ice)
6 6 positive
Unit 28
Unit
28
28.1 11 cc 22 ee 33 dd 44 bb 55 aa
28.1
be made
Less strong but also possible is coniferous plantation. Note that some other matches could be
do not appear in the
and it is
although they do
the text. However, paddy cannot collocate with anything else and
not possible to talk about ‘crop fields'
not
fields’.
28.2
28.2
Suggested answers:
plantation: tea, coffee, rubber
plantation:
industry: manufacturing, pharmaceutical, textile
forest: deciduous, rain, dense
field: oil, wheat, magnetic
nation: developing, independent, sovereign
and rubber could also collocate with ‘industry’.
‘industry'
Note that oil, cotton and
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
227
227
28.3 11 ancestors
28.3
22 emigrants
33 immigrants/migrants
44 migrants/immigrants
55 descendants
28.4 11 Recently, the
country's economy has
hassuffereda
manufacturing industry.
industry.
28.4
the country’s
suffered a decline in manufacturing
22 The
has long been at
atthe
The university has
the forefront
forefront of
of agricultural science.
33 The
is prone
prone to
onaa regular basis.
The river delta is
to catastrophic flooding on
44 One
One can
can often see
see local shepherds tending
tending large flocks of sheep on the
the hillsides.
55 In the
uncultivated lands towards the north of the
the late 18th century, migrants settled
settled in the
the uncultivated
country.
66 In the
arid southern provinces, vegetation
the arid
vegetation is sparse.
77 In the
oftundra.
the cold northern regions, the
the landscape consists mostly of
tundra.
88 The
indigenous tribes
now facing threats to their way
The indigenous
tribes in the
the eastern jungles are now
way of life.
99 The
evergreen forests
The farmlands are dotted with deciduous
deciduous woods,
woods, while the large evergreen
forests provide the
country with much-needed timber.
10 The
prairies of the
USA experienced
experiencedaa severe drought
The prairies
the northern USA
drought last year.
Unit 29
29
Unit
29.1
29.1
Possible answers:
11 Yes, extremely chilly/ / cold.
2 2 Mm.
Mm. Isn’t
Isn't it hot!
3 3 Yes, terribly humid.
44 Very windy!
55 Yes, it’s
it's very oppressive
oppressive// sultry.
6 6 Yes, whataa deluge// downpour!
77 Yes, it’s
it's very humid.
88 Yes, isn’t
isn't it oppressive
oppressive// sultry!
29.2
29.2
Suggested answers:
22 unfriendly, unwelcoming
33 toconfuse
to confuse
44 having too much of
ofsomething
something
55 rapid, moving quickly
66 lots of
can't stop or escape from
of hard, unpleasant things that one
one can’t
77 general atmosphere or
orsituation
situation
8 8 unclear
99 to move, making
makingaa loud, deep noise
29.3
29.3
Possible answers:
11 moral, social, economic, current, mild, harsh climate
climate
22 prevailing
prevailing winds, view, climate, opinion, mood
33 tocloud
someone's judgement, someone’s
someone's thinking, someone's
to cloud the issue, the
the horizon, someone’s
someone’s vision
4 4 the
ofchange,
the winds of
change, democracy, discontent
55 aa frosty reception, look, glance, response
66 aa hail
hail of
of bullets, gunfire, abuse, missiles, insults
29.4 11 mean
29.4
22 arid
33 elevation
4 4 latitude
55 precipitation
precipitation
228
228
66
77
88
99
solar radiation
radiation
moderates
continental
seasonality
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Unit 30
Unit
30
30.1 11 cc glass ceiling == invisible barrier
30.1
2 2 dd ivory tower=
tower = life away from unpleasant realities
3 3 e e brick wall = barrier
4 4 f f back door
door== unofficial way
way in
5 5 bb window of
ofopportunity
opportunity = time when there is the
the chance to
to do something
66 aa tower of
ofstrength
strength = very supportive person
30.2 11 gone
30.2
22 hold// provide
33 opens
44 come
55 hit
6 6 towers
77 shut// closed
88 fell
30.3 11 My brother is always
alwaysaa tower of
ofstrength
haveaa problem.
30.3
strength wheneverI
whenever I have
22 We'll
behind closed doors.
doors.
We’ll never know what theUS
the US and Russian Presidents said to each other behind
33 The
is/ / it
it has
has a a ceiling
ceiling of $20,000
t20,000// the
The fee forthis
for this work will depend on thetime
the time it takes but there is
the
ceiling is
is $20,000.
t20,000.
4 4 The
has gone
gone through the roof
roof in the
The cost of petrol has
the last six months.
55 Having children often cements
cementsaa marriage.
marriage.
66 Winning an Olympic medal can be the gateway
gateway to
toaa career in the
the media.
77 The
key decision we
now is where to
our business.
The key
we have totake
to take now
to locate our
88 The
has spent all his life in
in an
an ivory
ivory tower and really finds it very difficult to
The professor has
to cope in the
the
real world.
99 Lena has
has built
built Max
Max up
up so
hopeII won't
disappointed whenI
so much —
–II hope
won’t be disappointed
when I meet him.
30.4
30.4
Suggested answers:
11 He
He earns very little, barely enough tosurvive
to survive on.
on.
22 The
met with total
silence.
The speaker's
speaker’s request forquestions
for questions was
was met
total silence.
3 3 Working on this project together should help to provide
provide the
point for
foraa good relationship
the starting
starting point
in the
the future.
4 4 Nathan’s
Nathan's prolonged illness led
led to
collapse of
his business.
business.
to the
the collapse
of his
55 This government should put
put things
right in
in its
its own
own immediate
immediate sphere
sphere of
of influence
influence// close
things right
close to
to
home// here
here before criticising other countries.
home
Unit 31
Unit
31
31.1
31.1 11 ff 22 cc 33 ee 44 aa 55 gg 66 bb 77 dd
31.2 11 roots
31.2
22 rooted
33 take
44 seeds
55 branches
66 put
77 stemmed
88 budding
31.3
31.3
Verbs associated with growth and
and health: flourish, germinate, sprout, thrive
Verbs associated with decline and
and death: fade, shrivel, wilt, wither
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
229
229
31.4
31.4
Possible answers:
11 budding: pop
pop star, novelist, politician
2 2 flourishing: business, campaign, enterprise
33 withering: glance, expression, remark
44 fading: optimism, ambitions, dream
55 deeply rooted: prejudice, hatred, tradition
66 thriving: industry, business, agriculture
31.5 11 My hopes of
ofgettinga
at an
an all-time record.
31.5
getting a job
job are fading.
fading. Unemployment is at
22 The
pruning back
back thelabour
The firm is pruning
the labour force in order to reduce costs.
3 3 She
She shed
herinhibitions
and danced with everyone!
shed her
inhibitions at the
the party and
44 He
He and
and his wife are now
now reaping
reaping the
rewards of
ofmany
up their
the rewards
many years of hard work building up
business.
55 The
and create for itselfa a more moderate political
The party is trying hard to weed
weed outtheextremists
out the extremists and
ofthe
image. They want toreflect
to reflect the
the views of
the grassroots
grassroots supporters.
supporters.
66 Some people seem tothrive
on difficult challenges.
to thrive on
77 A A blogger dug
up some alarming facts about government spending.
dug up
88 Well, if you
foryour
be surprised if you
reap what
sow.
you won't
won’t study for
your exams, don't
don’t be
you reap
what you
you sow.
99 After three years of recession, we
are beginning to see the green
green shoots
ofan
we are
shoots of
an economic recovery.
Unit 32
32
Unit
32.1 11 There are
32.1
the woods.
areaa lot of
of different types of rodent
rodent living in the
eggs. It’s
22 AA whale isn’t
isn'ta a fish, as
as it doesn’t
doesn't lay
layeggs.
It's actually
actuallyaa mammal.
mammal.
33 There are
are some interesting reptiles
reptiles near the river.
carnivores, but in fact they are
are herbivores.
4 4 Everyone thinks these animals are
are carnivores,
herbivores.
The mother bird protects her eggs from predators.
55 The
predators.
66 Many different species have
have become
become extinct
extinct because their habitat has
has been destroyed.
32.2
32.2 11 docile
22 fierce/savage
33 domesticated
domesticated
44 tame
55 wild
wild
32.3 11 habitat
32.3
22 sanctuary
33 reserve
44 scavenger
55 stray
66 marsupial
77 migration
88 dodo
32.4 11 blood sports
32.4
22 the ivory trade
33 poachers
44 They would say
saythat
that it is cruel to kill animals just to provide people with luxury clothes.
5 5 its horn
66 animal (rescue) shelter
77 game park// game reserve
88 warm-blooded
99 cold-blooded
230
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
32.5
32.5
Stressed syllables are
for comparison.
are in bold forcomparison.
noun
verb
adjective
carnivore
carnivorous
herbivore
herbivorous
predator
prey (on)
poacher
poach
predatory
migration
migrate
migratory
domestication
domesticate
domesticated
domesticated
Unit 33
Unit
33
33.1
33.1
Suggested answers:
11 Carbon (dioxide) emissions from cars and
and factories are
areaa major problem.
22 These flowers here are an
an endangered species, so it’s
it's illegal to
to pick them.
33 AA lot of
of wild animals have to survive in shrinking habitats.
4 4 A A lot of
of Patagonia is
isa a pristine environment.
environment.
55 We
have
to
look
after
the
We
the finite resources of the planet.
66 If deforestation continues, there will be
be no
no forest left ten
ten years from now.
77 Burning fossil fuels causesa
lot
of
pollution.
causes a
of
8 8 Sea
be rising sea
Sea levels will rise/ / There will be
sea levels if global warming continues.
99 Increasing population exerts severe pressure on
on economic resources.
10
The
ecological
balance
is
very
delicate.
10 The
33.2
33.2
verb
climate
adverb
climatic
demography
33.3
33.3
adjective
“ climatic
noun
projection
projection
project
sustainability
sustain
contamination
contamination
contaminate
toxin
depletion
deplete
demographic
projected
projected
sustainable
contaminated
toxic
depleted, depleting
demographically
sustainably
toxically
andgloom
arealways
Prophets of doom and
gloom are
always saying that we
we are heading foran
for an environmental catastrophe,
and that unless we
adoptaa policy of sustainable development, we
and
we adopt
we will cause irreparable damage to
to
theplanet.
ofa a world choked by overpopulation, the greenhouse effect and
and
the planet. The
The worst-case scenario is of
traffic gridlock. Much of
ofwhat
are influenced
influenced by
by such voices
what is claimed is exaggerated, but politicians are
and are always trying to improve their green credentials in the
ofthe
and
the eyes of
the voters.
33.4 11 dd 22 ee 33 gg 44 hh 55 ff 66 cc 77 aa 88 bb
33.4
Unit 34
Unit
34
34.1 11 on hold, back to 66 substandard
substandard// shoddy
34.1
22 dispatch
33 responsive
4 4 prompt
5 5 backlog
77
88
99
10
accommodating// obliging
accommodating
helpline
in-store
setup
set
up
34.2
34.2 11 ii 22 hh 33 bb 44 ff 55 aa 66 gg 77 dd 88 ee 99 cc
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
231
231
incompetent and he caused
causedaa flood in our
our kitchen.
34.3
we gotwas
got was incompetent
34.3 11 The plumber we
22 If you
queries about the service, there'sa
can ring.
you have any queries
there’s a helpline you
you can
The new
TV came with
warranty.
3 3 The
new TV
withaa two-year guarantee
guarantee// warranty.
44 The
is (very) impersonal;
impersonal; they just treat you
asaa number.
The service is
you as
55 Do
Do they offer
offeraa nationwide
nationwide service?
The service they gave me
was impeccable.
66 The
me was
impeccable.
secure site.
site.
77 It’s
It'sa a secure
8 8 It didn’t
didn't feel like
likea a secure transaction, so
soI I cancelled
cancelled it and
and logged off.
Unit 35
Unit
35
35.1 11 You'll
35.1
You’ll have toshow
to showaa vaccination certificate for infectious diseases when youenter
you enter the country.
22 People entering from war-torn countries often claim asylum.
33 You have to clear
clear customs if you
on an
an international flight at San
San Francisco airport, even if
you arrive on
you
are flying on
on within the USA.
you are
44 You
may have to fill in
ina a customs declaration
declaration (form)
(form) before going through customs control.
You may
5 5 At
recognition technology.
At the
the airport now, they use facial recognition
66 Passenger to
toairline
me aa landing
landing card
card before we
airline cabin attendant: Could you
you give me
we arrive, please?
77 At the airport, the
had sniffer/detector dogs.
dogs.
the security guards had
88 You'll
needaa visa; the
regulations are very strict.
the entry regulations
You’ll need
9 9 You
port of entry
entry in this box
box here.
to fill in the
the port
You have tofill
35.2
35.2 11 gg 22jj 33 hh 44 ee 55 ii 66 dd 77 bb 88 aa 99 ff
10
10cc
35.3 11 aa plain-clothes (police) officer
35.3
2 2 a a traffic warden
33 theanti-corruption
the anti-corruption squad
44 aa parking ticket
5 5 an
an undercover police officer
6 6 the
the security forces
35.4 11 detected
35.4
22 refugees
33 persecution
44 exceeding
55
66
77
88
enforce
allowance
search
suspicions/
suspicions /aa suspicion
Unit 36
Unit
36
36.1
36.1
noun – person
noun –abstract
adherent
adherence
conversion
convert*
radicalism
radical
radicalism
reactionary
reaction
fanatic
fanaticism
” * Note the change in stress.
36.2
36.2 11 seek
22 derive from
33 eradicate
4 4 proponents
55 campaigned
66 tenet
77 civil disobedience
232
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
verb
adjective
adhere
convert*
converted
converted
radicalise
radical
reactionary
fanatical
36.3 11 implausible
36.3
22 credible
33 benefit
4 4 subjective
55 presumed
66 salt
7 7 point of view
88 attributed
36.4 11 eradicate
36.4
22 converts
33 justified
justified
4 4 subjective
55 adherents
66 attribute
7 7 objective
88 resistance
9 9 pinch
Unit 37
Unit
37
37.1
Christians, Christmas celebrates
celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ.
37.1 11 For
ForChristians,
The festivities
festivities included parades, sports and
2 2 The
and musical gatherings.
feeling about the whole weekend.
33 There was
wasaa celebratory
celebratory feeling
people who
who live in the
the country, the
the spring festival is
the fertility of
the land.
44 For
Forpeople
isa a renewal
renewal of
ofthefertility
of the
the military bands paraded
55 There was
wasaa ceremonial
ceremonial atmosphere
atmosphere as
asthemilitary
paraded around the main square.
festive mood
the harvest was
feast
66 People were in
inaa festive
mood when theharvest
was successfully completed and
andaa huge feast
was held in the
the village.
was
You should go and
spectacle.
7 7 You
and see the lantern festival. It’s
It's always
alwaysaa spectacle.
The festival always
falls on
the first Monday in July. It commemoratesa
commemorates a famous battle.
88 The
always falls
on the
was the
the centenary
centenary of
the founding of
the university and
the bi-centenary
the city itself.
9 9 It was
ofthe
ofthe
and the
bi-centenary of
ofthe
10
The gymnastic display involving 300
300 children was
10 The
was really
really spectacular.
spectacular.
37.2
37.2
Well, it was
and it was
ofspring,
was called the
the Festival of Flowers, and
was associated
associated with the coming of
spring, after
the
ofrenewal.
can be
be traced
back tothereligious
the sombre
sombre winter months. It was
wasa a time of
renewal. Its origin can
traced back
to the religious
tradition
tradition of taking flowers to offer them tothegods.
to the gods. Spring flowers were themain
the main focus
focus of
of the
and there was
alwaysaa big
bigparade
and flamboyant
festival, and
was always
parade through the streets. It was
was all very lively and
flamboyant
raucous, and
and it
it was
atmospheric. The
new life, and
and
and probably rather raucous,
was very
very atmospheric.
The flowers symbolised
symbolised new
guaranteedaa good harvest later in the
people thought they would be guaranteed
the year if they were offered to the
the
are not
not (so)
(so) superstitious,
superstitious, but there are still some pagan
pagan festivals
gods. Nowadays, most people are
festivals
celebrated every year.
Unit 38
Unit
38
38.1
38.1
Suggested answers:
11 The
ofBurmese
orthography is quite difficult for
fora a foreign learner.
The orthography
orthography of
Burmese// Burmese orthography
2 2 Japanese uses several different writing systems, with hundreds of
ofcharacters.
characters.
33 The
lexicon ofaa language like English is constantly changing.
The lexicon
44 Unlike English, some world languages have very few
phonemes and
and no diphthongs.
diphthongs.
few vowel phonemes
55 This ancient and
and beautiful alphabet uses pictograms
pictograms to express meaning.
66 Modality
Modality is
is expressed
expressed in different forms in different languages.
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
233
233
38.2
38.2
Stressed syllables are
are shown in bold:
noun
adjective
change in stress?
orthography
orthogra“phic
orthographic
yes
yes "
lexicon
lexical
no
modality
modal
modal
yes
yes
metaphor
metaphorical
yes
yes
polysemy
polysemous
no
38.3 11 metaphor
38.3
22 obsolete
obsolete language
language
33 polysemy
polysemy
44 computer
computer jargon
jargon
38.4 11 mot
motjuste
38.4
juste
22 eloquent
eloquent
33 speechless
speechless
44 succinct
succinct
55 foot
foot
66 words
words
77 inarticulate
inarticulate
Unit
39
Unit 39
39.1 11 reign
39.1
2 2 dynasty
dynasty
33 heir
heir (the
(the heir
heir has
hasaa legal
legal right
right to
over, for
example, by
by birth;
birth; the
is any
any person
person who
to take
take over,
for example,
the successor
successor is
who
actually takes
over, for
for example,
example, by
by being
being elected)
elected)
actually
takes over,
44 manuscript
manuscript
55 coronation
coronation
66 empire
empire
77 dawn
dawn
88 shred
shred
99 the
Bronze Age
the Bronze
Age
10 the
pre-colonial era
era
10
the pre-colonial
39.2
39.2
person
noun
king
kingdom
emperor
empire
successor
succession
succeed
coronation
crown
conqueror
conquest
conquer
archaeologist
archaeology
reign
reign
labourer
labour
labour
migrant
migration
migrate
ruler
rule
rule
monarch
monarchy
39.3 11 dd 22 gg 33 aa 44 ff 55 hh 66 bb 77 ee 88 cc
39.3
39.4 11 bb 22 aa 33 aa 44 bb 55 bb
39.4
234
234
verb
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Unit 40
Unit
40
40.1
40.1 11 deprivation
22 illiterate
3 3 affluent
4 4 Denial
55 destitution
destitution
66 violation
40.2
40.2 11 relative
2 2 line
3 3 shelter
4 4 fundamental
55 absolute
66 impoverished
impoverished
77 super
40.3
40.3 11 line
2 2 bracket
33 context
44 ends
55 belts
6 6 stricken
40.4
40.4 11 destitute
2 2 mouth
33 tight
4 4 deprived
55 poverty line
6 6 bracket
77 classed
88 affluence
99 malnourishment
10 sanitation
Unit 41
41
41.1
her own
own mind.
41.1 11 False. It is down totheMP
to the MP tomake
to make up his or
or her
22 False. They only makeaa statement about some of
ofthem.
them. Others are simply placed in the
the Petitions Bag.
33 True.
4 4 False. Only on
on the substantive ones.
55 False. It is an
an example of
ofaa Select Committee that crosses departmental barriers.
6 6 False. They do investigate the
of individual MPs.
the conduct of
77 True. (Presumably because they do
do not have the same constituency work todo.)
to do.)
8 8 False. They don’t.
don't. They focus on
on six key
key areas, whereas Commons Select Committees focus on
on
shadowing government departments (as
(aswell
well as some other things).
41.2
41.2 11 dd
22 hh
33 ee
44 bb 55 gg
66 aa
77 ff
88 cc
41.3
41.3 11 debating chamber
22 briefing material
33 wide-ranging expertise
4 4 select committee
55 party policy
66 committee stage
77 Speaker’s
Speaker's chair
88 government department
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
235
235
41.4
41.4 11 conduct
22 allegations
33 down// up
44 shadow
55 set
set
66 crosses
77 expertise
88 scrutinises
Unit 42
Unit
42
42.1
42.1 11 conquer
22 injustice
injustice
3 3 minorities
minorities
44 establish
establish
55
66
77
88
negotiations
humanity
justify
pursue
42.2
verb
noun
constitute
found
undertake
negotiate
justify
conquer
liberate
unite
delegate
recognise
constitution
foundation, founder
undertaking
negotiation,
negotiation, negotiator
justification
conquest, conqueror
liberation, liberator
unity
delegate, delegation
delegation
recognition
42.3
42.3 11 BB march
22 CC delicate
33 DD infrastructure
4 4 BB undertook
55 AA foundation
66 DD delegate
42.4
42.4 11 undeniably
22 customary
33 injustice
4 4 solidarity
5 5 movements
66 integrated
Unit 43
Unit
43
43.1
43.1 11 impeached
22 lodge
33 overturned
overturned
44 sets
55 award/grant
66 bend
77 are
areinfringing/
infringing / infringed
88 perverting
99 annulled
10 quashed
236
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
43.2
43.2 11 trespass /trespassing
/ trespassing
22 embezzlement
33 discrimination
44 perjury
55 harassment
66 insider trading/ / dealing
77 stalking
43.3
43.3 11 amendments
22 harassment
33 infringement
44 contravention
contravention
55 perversion
66 allegation
77 annulment
88 impeachment
43.4
it's far too
law into
into your
43.4 11 Youshould
You should let the
the police deal with the situation –— it’s
too risky to
to take the law
own
hands.
own hands.
22 Sam
Sam started getting into trouble when he
hegotin
ofhabitual
law-breakers.
got in witha
with a gang of
habitual law-breakers.
33 You
laying down thelawonyour
day in
ina a new
new job.
You shouldn't
shouldn’t start laying
the law on your first day
4 4 Masha will never be able to get Vadim toconform
he'sa a law
law unto
unto himself.
himself.
to conform —– he’s
55 Isabelle is far too
law-abiding to agree to bring extra cigarettes into the
too law-abiding
the country.
Unit 44
Unit
44
44.1
44.1 11 diplomacy, sanctions
22 escalated, out
out
33 cleansing
44 massacre
55 regime, overthrown
66 resolution
77 resort
88 casualties
99 clashes
10 weaponry
44.2
Irrational hatred
hatred of
of people of
of the
of conflict.
conflict.
44.2 11 Irrational
of other ethnic groups is one
one of
the root causes of
2 2 The
intervention of the United Nations in the
The intervention
the situation helped to restore peace.
33 The
rival political groups finally negotiated
negotiatedaa peace agreement.
The rival
44 The
brutal dictator who
18 years.
The general was
wasaa brutal
who ruled for 18
55 There had
had been
beenaa longstanding mistrust
mistrust between thetwo
the two tribes.
6 6 The
rebellion began in 2010.
The rebellion
44.3
44.3 11 suicide
2 2 peacekeeping
33 ambushed
44 observers
55 waged
66 siege
77 truce/ / ceasefire
88 campaign
44.4
44.4 11 dd
22 ee
33 ff 44 aa
55 bb
66 cc
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
237
237
Unit 45
45
45.1
45.1 11 sustainable
22 following/
following / pursuing, eradicate
33 encouraging, taking
44 deep// abject
55 recovered
66 achieve
77 allocate
88 access
45.2
incurred huge debts which it could not repay.
repay.
45.2 11 Overaa period of five years, the
the country incurred
22 Debtor
Debtor countries
atthe
ofwealthier
countries are completely at
the mercy of
wealthier nations.
33 The
burden is so
so great in some countries that their economies are
arecollapsing.
The debt
debt burden
collapsing.
4 4 Wealthier countries could do
doaa lot to
ease// alleviate
alleviate the
of poor countries, and
and indeed, in
to ease
the debt of
some cases, could cancel
cancel the debt altogether.
5 5 Overaa period of three years, the
sufferedaa double-dip
double-dip recession.
the country suffered
66 The
slump in the
The following year, there was
wasaa slump
the price of crude oil.
7 7 While some countries devalued
one country alone revalued
revalued its currency due
due to
devalued their currencies, one
its strong economy.
88 Urgent measures were needed to
boost the economy.
to boost
45.3
war
45.3 11 aa trade war
22 impose sanctions, lift embargoes
33 restrictive practices
4 4 monetary union
55 development grants
66 aa war-torn economy
77 ailing
8 8 relief
45.4
Monetary union
union was
45.4 11 Monetary
was agreed between thefive
the five countries in 2003.
22 The
introducedaa package of
of measures to
ailing economy.
The government introduced
to rescue the ailing
33 The two
got together to tryto
restrictive practices.
practices.
two Trade Ministers got
try to abolish restrictive
4 4 A A trade
trade war
war broke out between thetwo
the two countries in 1999.
55 The
now that peace has come.
The war-torn
war-torn economy is slowly recovering now
66 The United Nations imposed
imposed sanctions on
on the country in 1995 and
and did
did not lift
lift them until 2008.
77 The
receivedaa development
grant from the World Bank.
The region received
development grant
88 Debt
Debt relief
relief has
has been crucial for some developing nations.
Unit 46
46
46.1
46.1 11 debit card
22 credit card fraud (you can
can also say
say identity theft)
thefL)
3 3 put
put it/ / stick it
4 4 direct debit
55 electronic transfer
66 broke// skint
77 strapped
88 tight
9 9 contactless
46.2
Shegot
handshake when sheleft
46.2 11 She
gotaa huge golden handshake
she left the
the company.
22 My
My old
oldaunt
rolling in it. Every timeI
go to
me £100.
time I go
to see
see her, she
she gives me
aunt Jessie is rolling
33 My
My father gota
lump sum when he
heretired,
so he
he boughtaa weekend cottage.
got a lump
retired, so
4 4 She
She put
put her
her life
life savings into an
an online company and lost everything when it collapsed.
238
238
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
55 The
me to put my
my money into
intoaa share portfolio,
portfolio, with stocks and
and shares in
The bank tried to
to persuade me
different companies.
66 If you
needaa very large sum
sum of money, it’s
it's not
not a a good idea to borrow
borrow from friends or neighbours.
you need
46.3
46.3 11 dd
22 ff
33 ee 44 bb
55 aa
66 cc
Unit 47
Unit
47
47.1
ads (or adverts/advertisements)
adverts/advertisements)// classifieds
47.1 11 classified ads
2 2 an
an agony aunt
33 the obituaries (or
(or obituary column)
44 an editorial
editorial/ /a a leader (or leading article)
5 5 a a supplement
66 aa feature
77 circulation
8 8 coverage
47.2
47.2 11 manual
22 flyers/
flyers / leaflets
3 3 brochures
44 pamphlets
55 journal
66 press release
77 prospectus
88 newsletter
47.3
47.3
one of
ofa a large
edition is used about both books and magazines (a book, magazine, etc. that is one
andwere
atthe
number that are the
the same and
were produced at
the same time)
Books
ofthe
has the
on it)
spine (the vertical edge of
the book which usually has
the title on
on back cover, written to encourage people to read the book)
blurb (short description usually on
foreword (a piece of text before the main text of the
the book begins)
attheend
ofaa book, showing on what page they are
index (alphabetical list of
of subjects or names at
the end of
found in the
the text)
edition –— see
see above
Magazines
subscription (a payment that buys youa
ofissues
one year)
subscription
you a certain number of
issues in advance, e.g. for one
(publication printed foraa particular day/week/month)
issue (publication
edition –— see
see above
quarterly (a magazine issued every three months)
47.4
47.4 11 BB
22 CC
33 AA
47.5
47.5 11 Cc
22 dd
33 aa
44 ee If something tells
all you
need to
know about
about something
tells you
you all
you need
to know
something (informal), it gives all the
the most
important information.
s5 f f
66 bb Small
Small print
print refers to
and restrictions that often accompany legal documents
to the
the details, rules and
such as guarantees, contracts, insurance policies, etc., which are
areoften
letters.
often written in very small letters.
Unit 48
Unit
48
48.1
48.1 11 chat room
22 webinar
33 ISP
ISP
44 cookie
55 attachment
66 spam
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
239
239
48.2
48.2
word
opposite
exists
delete
undelete
✓
download
upload
✓
update
downdate
inbox
outbox
✓
online
offline
✓
install
uninstall
✓
doesn’t exist
✓
48.3
48.3 11 upload, online
22 inbox
33 install
4 4 undelete
undelete
55 offline
6 6 update
48.4
48.4
Suggested answers:
11 E-signatures are
areaa way
on the
or name, which
way of identifying yourself on
the internet witha
with a unique code or
you can use, for example, to agree to pay forgoods.
for goods.
22 E-learning means taking courses over the internet instead of going toaa school or college to do
do
your studies.
3 3 E-enabled here means that all the
can be
be accessed and
and worked with through the
the study materials can
internet.
4 4 E-books are books which you buy from the internet, and
and which you then read on
on your computer,
tablet, e-reader or smartphone.
55 The
end in ‘.com’,
The dotcom economy refers to
to internet companies, whose web
web addresses typically end
e.g.a a company that sells bicycles over the internet might call itself newbikes.com, which would be
e.g.
dot com’.
com’
read aloud as ‘new bikes dot
66 AA tablet is
isa a very thin (and often quite small) portable computer used mostly foremail
and online
for email and
activities.
7 7 Parental controls are controls on
on the
the computer which allow parents to decide which websites
their children can
can visit and
and to
to restrict certain activities.
8 8 I I can’t
can't stop doing this activity;
activity;I I want todo
and can't
to do it all the
the time and
can’t stop myself.
Unit 49
Unit
49
49.1
lap
49.1 11 lap
22 crowd
33 rock
44 the art
55 pamper
49.2
49.2 11 dd
22 hh
49.3
49.3 11 BB
22 AA/C
/C
33 EE
44 CC
66 sumptuous
77 leave/put
88 galore
9 9 indulge
10 slashing
10
33 gg 44 ff
55 aa
55 DD
66 AA/C
/ ClE
/E
77 EE
88 BB
49.4
49.4 11 aa logo (on clothing)
22 aa billboard
33 aa sandwich board
44 aa pop-up ad (on
(onaa website)
55 aa flyer
6 6 sky-writing
240
240
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
66 bb
77 cc
88 ee
Unit 50
Unit
50
50.1 11 hh 22 gg 33 ee 44 bb 55 aa 66 dd 77 cc 88 ff
50.1
50.2 11 copy
50.2
22 deadlines
33 went
44 breaks
55 archive
66 paparazzi
50.3 11 No,
No,because
ragis
informalaa word for
and also it implies that you
50.3
because rag
is too
too informal
for this context and
you think the
not of
of good quality.
newspaper is not
2 2 You
You haveaa low opinion of them.
33 Deadlines.
4 4 ‘Exclusive’ and
and ‘scoop’.
‘scoop’
55 The
and the story hits the
The story breaks and
the headlines.
66 Libel and
and defamation of
of character: these both involve saying things that loweraa person’s
person's
reputation. (Defamation
(Defamation is broader than libel in that it covers slander as well as libel. Slander is
reputation.
spoken defamation of
of character and
and libel is written defamation of
of character.)
character.)
50.4
puts its
its own
own spin
spin on
on events.
50.4 11 Every news report inevitably puts
22 I I have to find some articles from some back
back copies
copies of
of The Times.
33 The
ranaa story
my favourite singer.
The TV
TV news yesterday ran
story about my
4 4 The
inches in the
The floods took up more column
column inches
the papers than any other story this week.
55 Politicians are
are always ready and
and willing to air
air their
their views
views to/in
to/in the
the press.
6 6 The
hitthe
headlines on
on her wedding day.
The story about the scandal surrounding her uncle hit
the headlines
77 Any
can to
Any newspaper does all it can
to prevent being sued fordefamation
for defamation ofcharacter.
of character.
88 Muck-raking is
isa a characteristic activity of the
gutter press.
press.
the gutter
50.5 11 conference
50.5
22 broke
33 publicity
4 4 media
55
66
77
88
airtime
Social
hero
occurrence
55
66
77
88
condition
locum
organ
acute
Unit 51
Unit
51
51.1 11 anaesthetist
51.1
22 cardiologist
33 paediatrician
paediatrician
4 4 ophthalmologist
55 obstetrician
obstetrician
66 dermatologist
51.2 11 surgery
51.2
22 chronic
33 prescription
prescription
44 refer
5L3
11 What is the
ofyour
51.3
the name of
your family
family doctor?
doctor?
22 Is
1s therea
prescription charge
there a prescription
charge in your country?
33 In your country is therea
and secondary
secondary care?
care?
there a similar structure of primary care and
44 Do
Do doctors often do
do home
home visits
visits in your country?
55 Are there insurance
insurance schemes
schemes for
forprivate
private healthcare in your country?
66 When it comes tohealthcare,
do many people in your country go
private?
to healthcare, do
go private?
77 How
How popular is complementary medicine in your country?
88 Have you ever been to
alternative medicine?
medicine?
toaa specialist who
who practises some kind of alternative
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
241
241
Unit 52
Unit
52
52.1 11 She
Shewas
under theweather
andaa bit feverish, so
so she
she took the day off.
52.1
was feeling under
the weather and
2 2 I I felt really off-colour
off-colour yesterday and
and my
my head was
was throbbing, so
soI I tookaa painkiller.
painkiller.
3 3 I I felta a bit out
sorts and
and seemed tohave
aches and
and pains
pains than usual.
out of
of sorts
to have more aches
4 4 Maria has backache
backache after carrying that heavy suitcase of yours.
55 Freddie has been fightingoff
cold forthe
offaa cold
for the last few
few days.
66 I’m
I'm sorry
sorryI I won't
I've come down with flu.
won’t make it to
to your party because I’ve
7 7 Do
Do you
you suffer from any allergies?
8 8 How
How did
did you
get all those cuts and
and bruises?
bruises?
you get
52.2 11 I I was
52.2
was feeling quite feverish.
feverish.
22 The
herfeel nauseous.
nauseous.
The smell of paint always made her
33 I I felt dizzy,
dizzy, so
soII went and lay
laydown
foran
an hour.
down for
4 4 My
My nose was
bunged up,
up,so
gota a spray from the chemist.
was bunged
soI I got
55 I I got
gota a stiff
neck from driving foraa long time in an
an awkward position.
stiff neck
6 6 Laura was
shivery and
and looked unwell, so
soI I told her
her to go
go to bed.
was shivery
77 My
My knee hurts today because
becauseI I twisted
it getting out
out of Andrei's
twisted it
Andrei’s sports car yesterday.
88 I I had
had a a sleepless
night last night.
sleepless night
52.3
52.3
Positive meanings: be over the worst, fight off*, be
be on
on the
the mend, be back on your feet again, get over
Negative meanings: suffer from, fight off*,
off”, come down with, under the weather
light of
be positive or negative depends on whether you feel that ‘fighting
*Whether you consider fight
off to
to be
something off’ is always used in
ina a negative situation, or whether you are
aresucceeding
succeeding in ‘fighting off’
your cold/flu/headache, etc., in which case you
as positive.
you might see it as
52.4 11 Hello, Dan, good toseeyou
back on
on your
again.
52.4
to see you back
your feet
feet again.
22 Nadja,
Nadja,I I won't
I've come
come down
down witha
won’t be in today, I’ve
with a cold.
3 3 Oh,
Oh, I’m
I'm OK.
OK. I’m
I'm over
now.II still feel bad, but
butI I should be out withina
orso.
over the
the worst
worst now.
within a week or
so. (over
but that you
on the
the mend (see
(see66 below) suggests
the worst suggests getting better, but
you are still quite ill; on
the person is getting back to
to normal health)
4 4 Don’t
Don't worry, darling. Everyone has
hasaa cold now
now and
and then. You'll
get over
You’ll get
over it.
5 5 I’m
I'm trying to fight
but nothing seems tohelp.I
don't think I’ll
I'll be
be at
at work tomorrow.
fight off
off the
the flu, but
to help. I don’t
66 Lily was
she's on
on the
mend// back
back on
herfeet
now and
and should be
was quite ill last week, but she’s
the mend
on her
feet again
again now
atwork
back at
work on Monday.
77 I I feela
under the
but I’m
I'm sure I’ll be
be fine tomorrow.
feel a bit under
the weather
weather today, but
88 I I used to suffer
suffer froma
but II don’t
don't thinkI
do any
any more.
from a dust allergy, but
think I do
Unit 53
Unit
53
53.1
53.1 11 disorder
22 history
33 allergic
4 4 exceed
55 adverse
66
77
88
99
10
10
stroke
poo
poo
are
Disorientation
duration
53.2 11 Excitement reached
reached fever
pitch as the day
day of the final match dawned.
53.2
fever pitch
22 Although industry is doing well in the
ailing.
the north of the country, in the
the south it is ailing.
3 3 The
had been
beenaa rash
rash of
The manager said that there had
of complaints about the hotel.
4 4 Unfortunately, she
scars of
of// is
is still
by her divorce.
she still
still carries
carries the
the scars
still scarred
scarred by
55 The
experienced in our
neighbourhood are
aresymptomatic
The problems we
we have experienced
our neighbourhood
symptomatic ofwider
of wider problems
in society.
6 6 What do you think the prognosis
prognosis is
is for
for the
the peace talks?
7 7 I I voted forthe
on the
pulse.
for the Green Party because they seem tohave
to have their
their finger
finger on
the pulse.
88 The
ailing for some time now.
The business has been ailing
99 I’m
I'mafraidI
afraid I have ratheraa jaundiced
jaundiced view ofthe
of the banking industry.
242
242
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
53.3
53.3 11 paralysed
22 ailing
3 3 fatal
4 4 rash
55 contagious
66 fever
77 disease
88 prognosis
Unit 54
Unit
54
54.1 11 Eggs and
and shellfish are
are nutritious.
nutritious.
54.1
22 Cholesterol-rich
Cholesterol-rich foods are
arefine
fine if eaten in moderation.
33 These foods do
do not necessarily pose
poseaa danger to
to health.
4 4 The
not to
impede theflow
The most important thing is not
to impede
the flow of blood.
55 Fatty plaque can clog
clog the arteries.
6 6 Scientists recommend
recommendaa high-fibre
high-fibre diet.
diet.
7 7 Running is
isa a good form of
ofcardiovascular
cardiovascular exercise.
88 Brisk
Brisk walking is also good foryou.
for you.
99 Jogging is
isa a great way
burn calories.
way to burn
10 To
do enough of
ofthis
don't have to be sporty.
10
this kind of exercise, you
you don’t
To do
54.2
54.2 11 heart attack and
and stroke
22 high
33 rich
fibre / they are fibre-rich
fibre-rich
4 4 they contain
containaa lot of fibre/
5 5 He
He is intent on
on doing more exercise.
6 6 diabetics
77 BMI
BMI
88 your metabolism
54.3
54.3
an own
own goal, move thegoalposts,
football: score an
the goalposts, level playing field
and neck
horse racing: in the
the running, neck and
skating: skate around
sailing: sail through
54.4 11 Elsa sailed through her
herexams.
54.4
exams.
22 I I wish he’d
he'd stop skating around
around thepoint.
the point.
3 3 I’ve
I've been told that I’m
I'm in
in the
running forthejob
ofsupervisor.
the running
for the job of
supervisor.
4 4 I I scored an
an own
own goal whenI
soII could borrow Dad’s
Dad's car.
when I offered to help with the washing-up so
Now my
my parents expect me
me to do
do it every night!
Now
5 5 It’s
It's hardly
hardlyaa level
level playing
playing field when 18-year-olds take the same exam as
as15-year-olds.
15-year-olds.
66 It’s
It's hard to know what todo
being moved.
moved.
to do when thegoalposts
the goalposts are constantly being
77 The two candidates are neck
neck and
and neck
neck in the
the race to become President.
Unit 55
Unit
55
55.1
55.1
Suggested answers:
11 The
on service industries.
industries. We
The economy cannot depend only on
We need toencourage
to encourage
manufacturing industries.
industries.
manufacturing
22 In this area, there are
areaa lot of
of high-technology
high-technology// high-tech
high-tech industries,
industries, while in the
the north, they
low-technology// low-tech
low-tech industries.
industries.
depend more on low-technology
33 Cutting-edge
Cutting-edge technology is very expensive, so the company has
hastorely
on
to rely on
conventional technology.
44 State ownership// Nationalisation
Nationalisation is less popular than it was, but the trend towards
privatisation has
has slowed down.
privatisation
55 Heavy
Heavy industry
industry has declined, and
and now
now we're
light industry.
industry.
we’re more dependent on light
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
243
243
55.2
55.2 11 aa public-private partnership
22 subsidy
33 inward investment
44 piecework
55 aa sweatshop economy
66 toswitch
to switch production, to relocate
77 retraining, reskilling
8 8 a a multinational (company)
99 aa cost-cutting exercise
10 child labour
10
11 zero hours contract
55.3 11 Industrial piracy (illegal production of goods using another company’s
company's brand name)
55.3
22 industrial espionage (stealing or destroying
destroyingaa rival company’s
company's plans or secrets)
secrets)
3 3 Copyright infringement (publishing or copying
copyingaa book or
orwork
ofart
author's
work of
art without the author’s
permission)
permission)
44 Money laundering (passing money illegally earned through the normal banking system without
being caught)
55 black market (secret, illegal trade)
Unit 56
56
Unit
56.1
56.1 11 satellite communications
22 ergonomics
33 biotechnology
44 digital technology
55 artificial intelligence
6 6 Bluetooth™
Bluetooth”'
56.2 11 tablet/
56.2
tablet / iPad
22 interactive TV
TV
33 laptop
44 desktop computer
5 5 e-reader// Kindle
66 router
56.3 11 thumbnail (small pictures you
can make bigger before downloading them)
56.3
you can
22 computer nerd (a rather negative term for
and who
foraa person obsessed with computers and
who devotes
oftheir
attheexpense
ofaa normal social life)
life)
most of
their time to them at
the expense of
3 3 techie (this has
has none of
ofthenegative
the negative associations that nerd has)
4 4 app
app (short for application
application = special software)
55 screensaver (image that appears on
on your computer screen if you
do not
not use
use the
you do
the computer for
foraa
certain period of time)
66 footprint
77 icon (small symbol representing the program)
88 trackpad
56.4 11 technician
56.4
22 technically
33 technology
44 technique
55 technologically
57
Unit 57
57.1
57.1 11 cc gridlocked traffic
2 2 e e genetic modification
modification
33 dd human genome
44 aa population
population explosion
55 bb global village
244
244
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
57.2 11 population explosion
57.2
22 genetic modification
modification
33 aa global village
4 4 Gridlocked traffic
5 5 the
the human genome
57.3 11 aa mega-city
57.3
22 keyhole surgery
33 nanotechnology
44 cloning
55 extraterrestrial beings
66 genetic engineering
engineering// modification
modification
77 (our) destiny
88 aa designer baby
57.4 11 Thedoomsday
scenario is that we
57.4
The doomsday scenario
we will destroy the world with nuclear weapons.
22 Interplanetary
Interplanetary travel for
forscientific
scientific exploration will become normal in the
the coming centuries.
33 He
He belongs toaa team of
ofscientists
are trying to improve our understanding of
ofthe
scientists who
who are
the
human genome.
human
44 Governments need totake
drastic measures
measures tosave
to take drastic
to save the planet.
55 Many people envisage
envisage// foreseea
foresee a world in which the poor simply get poorer.
57.5 11 genetically modified (GM) food
57.5
22 the nuclear family
33 cloning
44 gene therapy
55 the global village/
globalisation
village / globalisation
66 space tourism
Unit 58
Unit
58
58.1
58.1 11 pipeline
22 offshore drilling platform
33 solar panels
44 coal mine
55 wind farm
58.2 11 AA new 100-kilometre pipeline
pipeline has
has been built to
58.2
to bring oil from wells
wells in the
the north of the country to
aa refinery on
on the
the coast.
2 2 The
coal-fired, but
but it will soon be replaced
replaced by
byaa nuclear
nuclear plant.
plant.
The power station is coal-fired,
33 Fire has
has broken out on
on an
an offshore
offshore drilling platform.
4 4 Tidal
power or
orwave
power could solve the energy problems ofcountries
Tidal power
wave power
of countries with extensive
may be able to use geothermal
coastlines. Other parts of the
the world may
geothermal energy.
55 ‘Renewables are
areimportant,’
‘We intend to give grants for people to install
important,’ the
the Prime Minister said. ‘We
solar
panels, as well as developing wind
solar panels,
wind farms.’
farms.’
66 The
biomass and hydroelectric
hydroelectric power stations.
The country is developing two
two main energy sources: biomass
At
mines will gradually be
be closed.
At the
the same time, inefficient coal
coal mines
58.3 11 food miles
58.3
22 appliances, energy-efficient
33 carbon footprint
4 4 gas-guzzler, consumption
55 monitoring, consume
66 finite, deposits
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
245
245
Unit 59
Unit
59
59.1 11 poky (suitable in this informal context)
59.1
22 roomy (often used forcars)
for cars)
3 3 compact (in fact,a
fact, a whole class of small cameras is referred to as ‘compact cameras’ by
and advertisers)
advertisers)
manufacturers and
4 4 cramped (suitable in this slightly more formal context –— compare with 1)
5 5 spacious
66 extensive
59.2
59.2
The
and is situated only ten minutes away from the
The property is spacious,
spacious, witha
with a compact
compact garden, and
bustling town centre. There are
areextensive
bustling
extensive leisure facilities nearby.
Notes on
on the incorrect choices:
Rambling usually suggests
suggestsaa rather chaotic collection of rooms.
rooms.AA labyrinth suggests they are
confusingly laid out.
be comfortable.
Cramped and poky suggest that somewhere is too
too small to be
and crowded are
arenegative.
and full
Congested and
negative. Bustling suggests that somewhere is busy, interesting and
of
of life.
Excessive means toomany.
No one wants expensive facilities.
too many. No
59.3 11 The kitchen is so
cat// there isn’t
isn't enough
enough room
room toswing
59.3
so small you
you can't
can’t// couldn't
couldn’t swingaa cat
to swingaa cat
cat
in it.
2 2 There's
room for
There’s ample space/
space / room
for your clothes in this wardrobe.
33 I I got
hemmed in
inin
car park the other day.
got/ / was
was hemmed
in the
the office car
4 4 Holidays in Australia are
are great if you
you love wide open spaces.
55 I I hate the London underground during rush hour. Everyone is packed
packed in
inlike
sardines in the
like sardines
the trains.
6 6 I I dropped
droppedaa glass and
and tiny pieces (were)
(were) scattered all over the floor.
7 7 The
are(quite
rather) spread out.
out.
The buildings in the
the holiday complex are
(quite/ / rather)
88 The
but I I just managed tosqueeze
inbefore
The train was
was very full but
to squeeze in
before the doors closed.
59.4 11 It
It might
might be
beaa bit
bitof
atthis
ofday
don't mind.
59.4
ofaa squash
squash on thebus
the bus at
this time of
day –—II hope you don’t
22 I I quickly stuffeda
andaa couple of
of books in
ina a rucksack and
and set
setoff
stuffed a few
few clothes and
off at once.
33 The
mark theboundary
and Asia.
The Ural Mountains mark
the boundary between Europe and
4 4 We'll
squeeze into my
my little car; Larry hasn’t
hasn't got his with him
him today.
We’ll all have totryand
to try and squeeze
55 Your room is at
at the
rear of the hotel, so
so you
the rear
you won't
won’t hear any traffic.
6 6 I I don’t
don't think we
squeeze// stuff
one suitcase. Let’s
Let's take two.
we should tryand
try and cram
cram// squeeze
stuff everything into one
Unit 60
60
Unit
60.1 11 They've
60.1
They’ve been living in the
the same house since the
the year dot.
22 I’ll
I'll be
be with you
ina a sec.
you in
3 3 John gave it to
to Magda forkeeps./
for keeps. / Magda gave it to
to John forkeeps.
for keeps.
44 Together we
can get it done together in less than no time.
we can get it done in less than no time./
time. / We
We can
55 He’s
He's never been further than the nearest town in all his born days.
66 We
We got to the
the hospital in the
the nick of time.
60.2 11 aa lingering scent
60.2
22 aa transient (feeling of) joy
joy
3 3 persistent criticism
4 4 an
an incipient headache
55 aa lengthy process//aa protracted
protracted process
66 the inexorable ageing process
77 aa fleeting grin
8 8 aa protracted
protracted investigation
investigation/ /aa lengthy investigation
investigation
60.3 11 dd 22 cc 33 gg 44 hh 55 ff 66 aa 77 ee 88 bb
60.3
246
246
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
60.4 11 We'll
be ready to leave in
in less
less than no
no time.
60.4
We’ll be
22 Most of
ofthe
oftheband
may be in their sixties, but
but they're
not over the hill.
hill.
the members of
the band may
they’re certainly not
You can
till the
the cows
cows come
he’ll never see sense.
3 3 You
can argue with him
him till
come home,
home, but
buthe'll
44 Harry promised he’d
he'd get here in
inaa flash and
and he
he kept his word.
55 I’ve
I've told her
her repeatedly
repeatedly not to phone me
me at
atwork.
work.
66 The
simultaneously.// The
simultaneous.
The two
two events happened simultaneously.
The two
two events were simultaneous.
77 The
me cancel the reservation
reservation at
at short notice.
notice.
The hotel staff were very good; they let me
88 I I didn’t
didn't want toprolong
to prolong the meeting.
99 He
He had
had his moment offame.
Now he’s
he's (just)
(just)a a has-been.
has-been.
of fame. Now
ofthe
negotiations.
10 The
The press were excluded for the duration of
the delicate negotiations.
61
Unit 61
61.1 11 trudged (If you
can't have your shoulders hunched. You
are also unlikely to be
be weary.)
61.1
you strut, you
you can’t
You are
22 tiptoed (If you
and weary and your steps are heavy, so
so you
you trudge, you
you are tired and
you might well wake
someone who
lightly.A A bedroom is also
alsoaa very small place forsomeone
who is sleeping lightly.
for someone totrudge
to trudge
across.)
across.)
3 3 hopping (Rabbits move quickly with feet all off the
atthe
the ground at
the same time, so, as with birds,
their movement is described as hopping. Stamping is too
heavyaa movement for
too heavy
foraa small animal.)
4 4 limped (Stamping is something which you usually do
do when youareangry
and there is no
no obvious
you are angry and
an accident and
and stamping.)
connection between having an
55 staggered/
unsteady.)
staggered / lurched (Striding cannot be unsteady.)
66 trample (Daisies are
are too
be stumbled on.)
too small to be
7 7 chased (Tramped suggests moving slowly and
and so the dog
dog would then be unlikely to catch the
dog as
postman. Tramped also suggests too heavyaa movement tobe
to be appropriate for
foraa small dog
opposed to
toaa big, heavy dog.)
88 lurching/ / staggering (It would be extremely difficult to
sea is rough and
and the ship is
to tiptoe if the
the sea
moving violently.)
violently.)
61.2
61.2
Possible answers:
was not
11 It was
not at
at all successful or enjoyable –— the verb limped makes that clear.
was clearly in difficulties fora
for a few
few years before it failed totally.
2 2 No,
No, it was
3 3 People didn’t
didn't expect her to do
do as well as she
she did.
the government gives the
the impression of being out of control.
4 4 No,
No, the
5 5 She
She is probably calm, easy-going and
and relaxed.
for example, by laughing at them.
6 6 They destroy or spoil them, forexample,
to pay, or they might phone them.
77 He
He or
or she might send them emails or letters reminding them topay,
all confident. They were hesitant and
88 Not at
atall
and uneven in quality.
61.3
61.3
flowed: moved smoothly, without ceasing
an uncontrolled
uncontrolled fashion, starting suddenly and
and moving in all directions
spilled: fell out, in an
streamed:aa lot of
of people moving at
ataa fairly constant pace from one
one direction
streamed:
pouring: coming all the
the time, in large numbers, possibly from all directions
trickle:a
and there
trickle: a few
few people, here and
not going in
ina a straight line, no
no definite purpose
meandered: not
flooding: coming in large numbers, spreading in all directions
61.4 11 flow
61.4
22 spilling
3 3 meander
44 trickle
5 5 pouring// streaming (flooding is less likely to
be used about people moving into
intoaa relatively
to be
likea a football stadium)
restricted area like
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
247
247
61.5
6L5
verb
type of movement
reason for type of movement
file
Iots“of
ina a straight line,
lots
of people moving in
one after the
one
the other
to
ofpeople
to control large numbers of
people
saunter
relaxed, confident
pleasure
sidle
ina a slightly
approaching someone in
sneaky way
way
do something dishonest or
intending to do
unpleasant in some way
glide
smooth, as if not
not moving your feet
tomake
ortomake
to make effortless movement or
to make
movement seem effortless
mill around
lots of people all moving in different
directions
to
ortotalk
to meet or
to talk to different people
616
11 Graceful dancers glide.
61.6
2 2 Guests at
ataa cocktail party mill around.
33 Schoolchildren file into
intoaa classroom.
classroom.
44 Someone who
up to you.
who is irritatingly anxious to make you
you like them might sidle up
55 Tourists exploring in
ina a relaxed way
roundaa city.
way might saunter round
Unit 62
62
Unit
62.1 11 done
62.1
22 netiquette
33 offhand
44 manners
62.2
62.2
ceremony
insolent
straitlaced
courteous, discourteous
Suggested answers:
11 No, he was
was probably feeling nervous.
22 She
She didn't
didn’t like them.
33 He
He probably flinched because his arm
arm hurt.
4 4 It must have been rather surprising or shocking in some way; maybe they were being very rowdy
orswearinga
or
swearing a lot.
5 5 Tanya, because
becauseaa smirk is not
not a a pleasant smile.
66 No,
No, he
he was
pleased.A A titter is ratheraa weak laugh and
and more from embarrassment
was probably not pleased.
than amusement.
77 She probably felt embarrassed or nervous.
88 Badly. Perhaps they leant across the table and
and grabbed food, didn’t
didn't say
didn't use
use
say ‘thank you’ or didn’t
the
the cutlery properly.
62.3 11 snorted
62.3
22 twitch
33 squirming
62.4
62.4
55
66
77
88
44 tittered
5 5 flinch
6 6 beamed
eyes: raise your eyebrows
mouth: titter, smirk, beam
nose: snort, sniff
no specific part of the
no
the body: twitch, squirm, flinch
Unit
Unit 63
63
63.1
63.1
248
248
Suggested answers:
11 noiseless
22 quiet
33 silent
4 4 soundlessly (we
(we might normally expect some sound from its wings)
55 silent
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
63.2
63.2
Possible answers:
22 Suddenly,
Suddenly,aa shot rang
rang out. Somebody was firing at the
on the
the birds on
the lake.
3 3 The
creaked. It was
ofoakanddifficult
The door creaked.
was very old, made of
oak and difficult to
to open.
44 The
pounding through the walls. It was
was as
as if the
our bedroom.
The music was
was pounding
the musicians were playing in our
55 The chicken sizzled in the
me even more hungry.
the frying pan. The
The sound and thesmell
the smell made me
66 The
are squeaking.
squeaking.II think they need some oil.
The rusty door hinges are
7 7 She
She tooted her horn.
horn.I I looked out of
of the window and saw her
hercarparked
car parked outside.
88 I I could hear the waves crashing.
crashing. It was
was wonderful to be so near the sea.
9 9 We
perhapsaa robbery.
We heard police sirens wailing. There must have been an accident, or perhaps
63.3 11 deafening
22 eerie
3 3 piercing
4 4 grating
55 high-pitched
high-pitched
66 inaudible
63.4 11 It was
heardaa pin
pin drop.
drop.
63.4
was so
so quiet you
you could have heard
22 I’ve
I've had
had some noisy, hectic days with all those kids, now
now I’m
I'm looking forward to some
peace and
and quiet.
quiet.
peace
33 Turn that music down!
down!II can’t
can't hear
hear myself
myself think!
44 I I don’t
don't even notice that Will is in the
He's as
quiet asa
mouse.
the flat sometimes. He’s
as quiet
as a mouse.
Unit 64
64
Unit
64.1 11 cumbersome
cumbersome// unwieldy
64.1
22 ponderous
33 weighty
44 lumbering
55 burdensome
66 cumbersome
cumbersome// unwieldy
64.2 11 lumbering
64.2
22 cumbersome
33 weighty
44 ponderous
64.3 11 I I weighed out
outaa kilo of flour and
and then added water to it.
64.3
2 2 He’s
He's very irritating.
irritating. When you're
haveaa rational discussion, he
he always has to weigh in
in
you’re trying to have
with his own
own selfish point of view.
33 I I owe
owe Gina £250; it’s
it's been weighing on
on my
my mind for
forweeks.I
pay her
herback.
weeks. I must pay
back.
44 We
and bags, and
and the
We were weighed down
down with huge suitcases and
the airport was
was terribly crowded; it was
was
a a nightmare.
55 I I have to weigh up
up thevarious
beforeII decide which job to
the various options before
to accept.
64.4
64.4
Suggested answers:
11 To
out the
customer's hair.
To thin out
the customer’s
2 2 thicken, e.g. The
has thickened.
The fog
fog has
33 It will probably congeal and
and be difficult to
to wash out.
4 4 It means you must add water. You
You have to dilute it/ / water it down before using it.
5 5 You
(ina a sieve) when youarecooking,
no lumps.
You might sift flour (in
you are cooking, so there are no
66 No, because insults do
do not
not worry them.
77 It is likely to
be large and
and difficult to
to be
to handle.
88 The
so dense, you
The story or argument is so
you cannot begin to understand it.
9 9 It lacks complexity and
and seriousness.
10 thin out, e.g. The
The traffic is thinning out.
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
249
249
Unit 65
65
Unit
65.1 11 ginger
65.1
22 pitch black
33 chestnut
44 scarlet
5 5 navy
66 turquoise
65.2
65.2
red: ruby, coral, scarlet, crimson
blue: sapphire, navy, turquoise
green: emerald, lime, jade
65.3 11 CC 22AA 33 CC 44 BB 55 BB
65.3
65.4 11 dd 22 gg 33 ff 44 bb 55 hh 66 aa 77 cc 88 ee
65.4
65.5
65.5
Possible answers:
There are
aresome
black and
and white films on
on TV
).
some great black
TV on
on Sunday afternoons (NOT white and black).
He gave me
me such
suchaa black
black look
look thatI
immediately.
He
that I stopped talking immediately.
At last
lastI I have received the
chequeI I was
in the
black again.
the cheque
was waiting forand
for and our account is in
the black
lie whenI
herI I loved her new
new hairdo.
It was
was onlyaa white lie
when I told her
I'd love to go
go white-water rafting,
rafiing, thoughI
it's quite dangerous.
I’d
though I know it’s
That shop sells mainly white goods —– fridges, cookers and
and the like.
I I wouldn't
any attention to what they're
it's onlyaa red
red herring.
herring.
wouldn’t pay any
they’re suggesting —– it’s
I I hate it when my
my bank account is in
in the
red –— they charge so much interest.
the red
Don't talk to him
him about the present government –— it’s
it's like
likea a red
red rag
rag toa
bull.
Don’t
to a bull.
andsit
blue with cold.
cold.
Come and
sit next to the fire —– you
you look quite blue
We
blue, another car
carturned
and stopped just
We were driving along when, out ofthe
of the blue,
turned out ofaa side street and
in front of us.
I'm not
not very keen on
on blue
blue cheese.
I’m
He likes to
he's blue-blooded,
blue-blooded, but really most ofhis
He
to imply that he’s
of his ancestors were farm labourers.
You
can't park there –— there are double yellow lines.
lines.
You can’t
Pages.
If you
you want tofinda
to find a plumber, look in the
the Yellow Pages.
green fingers.
Her garden is wonderful –— she has green
It's almost impossible to get permission to build houses in the
belt.
It’s
the green belt.
The
publishedaa green paper
paper on the
The government has recently published
the Health Service.
Unit 66
66
Unit
66.1 11 in
ina a hurry
66.1
22 speed up
33 dawdling
44 aa traffic jam
jam
5 5 rocket
66 totter
7 7 career
88 person who
who races
99 to be
be creeping up
up
10 fast
66.2 11 not
notpleased
66.2
pleased
22 not pleased
33 not pleased
44 pleased
55 not pleased
66 not pleased
250
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
66.3 11 cC
66.3
22 BB
33 DD
44 CC (accelerate is not
not normally used forpeople)
for people)
55 BB
66 DD
77 DD
88 BB
99 BB
10 AA
Unit 67
67
Unit
67.1 11 generated
generated (produced is also quite acceptable here, with little difference in meaning, except
67.1
perhaps that it focuses more on theresult,
the result, while generated focuses more on theprocess
the process of getting
the
the result)
2 2 produce (produce is the
but in more formal, technical contexts,
the most frequent collocation for list, but
generate can
can also be
be used)
33 caused (brought about is also possible here)
4 4 sparked/
precipitated (caused, produced and
and provoked would all also be
be possible here, but
but spark
sparked / precipitated
and precipitate are
are ideal for things which explode suddenly and
and violently)
and
5 5 resulted (no
(no other possibilities: result collocates with in)
6 6 given (brought or provided me
be used with the same meaning here)
me with could also be
77 provoked (caused,
[caused, produced and generated are
are also possible, but
but provoke is ideal for negative
and emotions)
responses and
88 precipitate (cause or bring about are
arealso
but would be less dramatic)
also possible here, but
67.2 11 I I have good grounds forbelieving
he is lying.
67.2
for believing that he
on whatI
what I saw
2 2 My
My suspicions are based on
saw with my
my own
own eyes.
The government’s
for the
the economy.
33 The
government's decision has
has serious implications for
fear of flying stems froma
from a film he
44 His
Hisfear
he once saw.
resulted in
55 I’m
I'm glad to say that all her
her hard work has
hasresulted
in success.
The riots will probably bring about
government.
66 The
aboutaa change of
ofgovernment.
damage was caused by
77 AA considerable amount of
ofdamage
by the tornado.
67.3
67.3
Suggested answers:
11 The
on the motorway has
hascaused
be severely delayed.
The crash on
caused all traffic to
to be
22 Your advice resulted in our
our getting there on
on time.
33 The
minister's comments about taxlaw
generatedaa lot of interest.
The minister’s
tax law have generated
4 4 Her
Her many problems stem from her
her previous poor decisions.
decisions.
55 The
bad weather brought about many flight cancellations.
The bad
67.4
67.4
Possible answers:
22 The
have sparked off
offriots
The higher taxes have
riots in three cities.
3 3 Icy roads have
have caused
causedaa number ofserious
of serious accidents this week.
44 My
My old
oldcarhas
me// given me
me endless problems and
and involved me
me in
ina a lot of
car has caused me
of expense.
55 This software can
and graphics.
can generate stunning images and
66 Jealousy caused the
the break-up of his marriage.
Unit 68
68
Unit
68.1
68.1
Distinct is followed by from. All the
the others are followed by to.
11 dissimilar to
2 2 tantamount to
to
33 corresponds to
44 akin to
55 distinct from
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
251
251
68.2 11 between, and
and
68.2
22 with
with
33 from
44 with
with
55 to
66 with
with
68.3 11 distinct
68.3
2 2 dissimilar
3 3 discrete
4 4 divergent
55 disparate
66 diverse
77 comparable
88 diverged
diverged
99 comparative
10 diversified
diversified
Unit 69
69
Unit
69.1 11 dilemma
69.1
22 glitches
33 chore
44 ordeal
55 snag
66 impediment
77 pitfalls
8 8 stumbling block
69.2 11 obstructive
69.2
22 traumatic
33 abstruse
44 wayward
55 insufferable
66 convoluted
convoluted// abstruse
77 gruelling
gruelling/ / arduous// tough
88 tough
69.3 11 into
69.3
2 2 guts
33 death
44 hassle
55 drag// pain
66 fix/
fix / spot// hole
77 with
with
88 sticky/
sticky / tricky
99 problematic
problematic
10 difficulty
11 downside
11
12 torture
13 hook
14 woods
Unit 70
70
Unit
70.1 11 gg 22 ee 33 aa 44 ff 55 hh 66 bb 77 dd 88 cc
70.1
252
English Vocabulary in Use Advanced
70.2 22 It is obligatory to put on
onaa life jacket.
70.2
3 3 The
odds are
are(that)
The odds
(that) Karl will take over his father's
father’s job.
4 4 You
have no
no option
option but
but to do
do what thepolice
You have
the police officer says.
55 They're
bound tosettle
They’re bound
to settle down eventually.
66 The
chances are
are we'll
attheparty.
The chances
we’ll meet someone we
we know at
the party.
7 7 It
It was
apparent that there was
was going to be trouble.
was apparent
88 You
might well/
may well end
end up
up with no
no job at
at all if you
don't try.
You might
well / may
you don’t
9 9 This is
is unquestionably
unquestionably the most serious problem we’ve
we've encountered.
be late, for
sure// I’m
I'm sure.
10 With all this snow, the train will be
for sure
and who
meet// bump
bump into
into but
but Beth.
11 I I was
was in the
the park today, and
who shouldI
should I see// meet
She is
is really eager to
getinto
12 She
to get
into university next year.
70.3
70.3
Possible answers:
11 It is essential
essential to arrive at school on
on time every day.
22 Attendance at
at all lessons is compulsory.
compulsory.
33 Wearing uniform is optional.
optional.
70.4 11 determination
determination
70.4
22 yearning
33 resolutions
4 4 desirous
55 eagerness
66 longing
77 ambitious
88 aspirations
70.5 11 It was
day.I I was
longing to get
get home and
andgotobedearly.
70.5
wasa a hard day.
was just longing
go to bed early.
2 2 c c —– he’s
he's almost certain to work in the
the oil industry
33 synonyms: resolved –— determined, eager –— keen, desire –— wish, likelihood —– probability
odd
obligation
odd one
one out: obligation
Unit 71
71
Unit
71.1 11 fourfold
71.1
22 expenditure
33 factor
4 4 drastic
5 5 revise
6 6 correlation
correlation
77 GDP
GDP / / Gross Domestic Product
88 quadrupled
71.2
71.2
Suggested answers:
11 There
seems tobe
discrepancy between
between thetwo
There seems
to beaa discrepancy
the two reports of the
the accident.
22 Oil prices seesawed
seesawed last year.
3 3 Monthly average temperatures have
have deviated
deviated from
norm this year.
from the
the norm
4 4 The
didn't fluctuate
aswe'd
The water levels didn’t
fluctuate as much as
we’d expected last year.
5 5 I I don’t
don't need to
me the
aggregate.
to know all the
the individual figures —– just give me
the aggregate.
66 His moods are
areerratic
one minute he’s
he's happy, the next he’s
he's depressed.
erratic –— one
71.3 11 bb
71.3
22 aa
33 aa
44 at
atleast
t1,000
least $1,000
55 55
55
66 the weather forecast, competing companies’ advertising campaigns
77 girls
8 8 bb
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
253
253
71.4
71.4
verb
noun
adjective
deviate
deviation
deviation
deviant
discrepancy
discrepant
flaw
inconsistency
error
multiplication
flawed
flaw
err
multiply
inconsistent
erratic
multiple
Unit 72
72
Unit
72.1 11 vetoed
72.1
22 condone// countenance
33 acquiesced
44 outlaw// ban
ban
55 authorised
authorised// endorsed
66 barred
barred// banned
77 accede
88 clamp down
72.2 11 Alex parked his car
72.2
car outside the shop regardless of
the No
of the
No Parking sign.
The Minister said he
to the union’s
2 2 The
he would never accede to
union's demands.
33 It’s
It's time the police clamped down on
on cyclists going through red lights.
The President has
to the latest world environment plan.
4 4 The
has assented to
The Minister is likely to
to acquiesce in
to the proposal.
5 5 The
in// to
The college principal has
to the
the students’
for an end-of-term
66 The
has given the green light to
students' proposal foran
end-of-term festival.
The company has
been given the go-ahead for
foraa new
the city.
7 7 The
hasbeen
new factory in the
The inspector had
to investigate every aspect of the business.
8 8 The
had carte blanche to
72.3 11 cc An embargo
embargo means an official prohibition on
on something. If the
prohibition is cancelled, the
72.3
the prohibition
the
lified.
embargo is lifted.
2 2 a a A A franchise
franchise is permission to operate some sort of service or commercial activity, usually foraa
set period of time.
33 dd Zero-tolerance
be allowed.
Zero-tolerance means that not even the smallest crime or misbehaviour will be
44 bb Sanctions
Sanctions are
are restrictions on
on some activity.
Unit 73
73
Unit
73.1
73.1
254
254
Possible answers:
11 Informal
AA more formal version:I
version: I take great exception to your rudeness!
22 Formal
AA more informal version: You've
do something about your unfair rules.
You’ve got to do
3 3 Informal
AA more formal version: The
The state of your desk is most unsatisfactory!
4 4 Formal
AA more informal version: I’ve
I've just about had enough of
oftheawful
the awful station facilities!
facilities!
5 5 Informal
AA more formal version:I
version: I really must object to your coming here not wearinga
wearing a tie.
6 6 Formal
AA more informal version: I’m
I'm fed
up with this behaviour!
behaviour!
fed up
77 Formal
AA more informal version: The
for disabled people is disgusting// pretty awful.
The lack of toilet facilities for
88 Formal
AA more informal version: The
my order is just/simply not on.
The delay with my
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
73.2 11 about
73.2
22 take// took
33 being
44 with
55 done
66
77
88
99
10
wouldn't
wouldn’t
do
do
well
with
enough
73.3
73.3
Possible answers:
11 Honestly!
Honestly! I’m
I'm fed up
up with/
with / sick of their noisy parties week after week!
22 I I wish you/we could do
do something about that big tree that blocks out the sun. (we
(we is more
indirect)
indirect)
3 3 Most people take considerable exception to being awoken by
by loud noise from the factory when
they are trying to sleep.
4 4 I’m
I'm not
not at all satisfied about the changes to our working hours.
55 I’ve
I've just about had enough of
ofworking
working longer hours.
66 I I wish to complain about the lack of safety procedures on
on the company’s
company's premises.
73.4
73.4
Possible answers:
11 We
room// spray some air-freshener.
We must open thewindow
the window// clean the room
2 2 Jorge's
Jorge’s work is very careless.
3 3 Simone is often late for work.
44 You're
You’re not suited to this job.
5 5 This room really needs decorating.
66 The
The TV
TV must be turned down.
Unit 74
74
Unit
74.1 11 perfect
74.1
22 lame// flimsy// weak
33 flimsy
4 4 cast-iron
cast-iron/ / perfect
55 sincere/
sincere / heartfelt
74.2 11 flimsy
74.2
22 cast-iron
3 3 lame
44 heartfelt
5 5 detailed
66 good
74.3 11 Matt apologised
apologised to
Gina forbreaking
hervase.
74.3
to Gina
for breaking her
vase.
22 The
show any(sign
repentance forthe
The criminal did not show
any (sign of)
of) repentance
for the inhumane way
way in which he had acted.
33 The
ended in
inacquittal.
The trial ended
acquittal.
4 4 Sam
Sam did
not explain
had behaved so strangely.
did not
explain why
why he had
74.4 11 The
himaa reprieve
reprieve just an
an hour before he
he was
due to be
be executed.
74.4
The President granted him
was due
22 He
He was
was acquitted of murder in 2014, but two
two years later was
was convicted of armed robbery in the
the
same courtroom.
33 She
She showed
showedaa complete lack of remorse
remorse// repentance
repentance forherevil
for her evil deeds and just laughed when
thejudge
the judge sentenced her.
4 4 The
him from all blame fortheaccident
The Public Inquiry exonerated him
for the accident at the factory.
5 5 Just before he
he died, the
old man
man said he
he repented
repented of
of all the
bad things he
he had
had done in his life.
the old
the bad
6 6 Ten
givenaa posthumous
posthumous pardon by the government when
Ten years after his death, Daniel Taylor was
was given
man confessed to the crime he had
had been hanged for.
another man
7 7 He
He treated her badly and
and she says she
and forget.
she simply cannot forgive and
88 The
ceasefire is due
due to
at9 9 pm.
pm.
The ceasefire
to start at
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
255
255
74.5
74.5
Suggested answers:
The two
two armies declared/
declared / announced
announcedI/ agreed
truce// ceasefire
11 The
agreedaa truce
ceasefire during the religious holiday.
2 2 Both governments agreed
agreed// assented
assented to the terms of
ofthe
peace treaty and
and it was
was signed on
on 15
the peace
August 1954.
The long-standing accord
accord between thegovernment
the government and the
the unions is in danger of
collapsingI/
33 The
ofcollapsing
collapse.
collapse.
4 4 The
armistice at midday on 25 February 1996.
The generals signed the armistice
Unit 75
75
Unit
75.1 11 fish
75.1
2 2 singing
33 paying
44 to
55 take, as
as
6 6 shower/
shower / heap
77 widely// highly
88 damning
75.2 11 dd 22 aa 33 ee 44 ff 55 bb 66 cc
75.2
75.3
75.3
Suggested answers:
11 He’s
He's always flattering
(neutral)
flattering the
the boss. (neutral)
He's always licking
licking the
boss's boots.
boots. (informal)
(informal)
He’s
the boss’s
He's always making
making up
up totheboss.
He’s
to the boss. (informal)
He's always crawling
crawling to
He’s
to the boss. (informal)
2 2 I I wish she wasn't
(informal)
wasn’t so slimy.
slimy. (informal)
I I wish she wasn't
wasn’t sucha
such a crawler.
crawler. (informal)
I I wish she wasn't
wasn’t so servile.
servile. (formal)
I I wish she wasn't
obsequious. (formal)
wasn’t so obsequious.
75.4
75.4
verb
verb
noun
noun
adjective
adjective
compliment
compliment
complimentary
praise
praise
praiseworthy
flattery, flatterer
crawler
flattering
laud
flatter
crawl
laudable, laudatory
smarm
crawling
smarmy
75.5 11 complimentary
75.5
22 flatterer
3 3 crawl
44 laudable
laudable// praiseworthy (laudable is
isa a little more formal)
55 Flattery
6 6 laud
laud// praise (laud is
isa a little more formal)
Unit 76
76
Unit
76.1 11 BB
76.1
22 BB (swore,
[swore, possibly because of
of its close associations with taboo language, sounds much less formal
than vowed)
33 AA
44 BB (because New
New Year’s
Year's resolutions is the
and such resolutions are perhaps best
the standard phrase and
vow sounds much more formal)
known for
for being quickly broken, vow
256
256
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
76.2 11 promised
76.2
22 oath
33 best
44 flutter
5 5 back
66 life
76.3
76.3
Suggested answers:
11 Your
best bet
bet would be tostay
ina a hotel near the airport.
Your best
to stay overnight in
2 2 My
My father swears
swears by
by these herbal teas.
3 3 John’s
John's been rather lazy with his homework, but
buthe
has promised toturn
overaa new
new leaf
leaf next year.
he has
to turn over
4 4 I I could
have swornI
could have
sworn I locked the door whenI
when I went out.
55 The
new play promises
promises to
as good as
as his last one.
The writer's
writer’s new
to be as
66 I’d
I'd put
put money
money on
on theDemocratic
the Democratic Party winning the next election.
7 7 Do
Do you
haveaa flutter
on the
you ever have
flutter on
the national lottery?
8 8 Her
Her mother disliked the
so many
many swear
swear words
words// so
so much
much swearing.
the film because it contained so
swearing.
99 I/We
I/We anticipate
anticipate that the documentary will be
be controversial.
10 I I hedged
hedged my
my bets
bets by buying shares in both of
ofthe
hadaa serious chance of
ofwinning
10
the companies that had
winning
the contract.
76.4
76.4
Suggested answers:
•• Swift is making thepoint
don't take promises seriously. His
His point is effective
the point that many people don’t
ofthe
ofaa solemn thing like
likea a promise with such an everyday thing as
asaa
because of
the comparison of
of course intended to be
be broken; it has
has toto be
be broken forthe
pieto
piecrust, which is of
for the pie
to be eaten.
•• Most people probably do
do agree with Twain that making someone promise not to do
do something
may often serve to put the idea of doing it actually into their head!
may
Unit 77
77
Unit
77.1 11 Looking// Thinking 77 out, touch
77.1
22 stands// sticks, out
out
33 became
44 anything of
of
55 look// think, back
66 reminisce
88
99
10
11
12
nostalgia
came
tinted/
tinted / coloured
vague
recall
77.2 11 ee 22 dd 33 ff 44 cc 55 aa 66 bb
77.2
77.3
77.3
78.1
78.1
Suggested answers:
11 II regret
regret not
not buying
buying her
heraa birthday present.
22 They showed
showed no
no remorse
remorse forwhat
had done.
for what they had
33 I I now
now rue
rue the
my studies.
the fact thatI
that I discontinued my
4 4 I I lament
lament the
has broken down.
the fact
fact that
that our relationship has
55 The whole village mourned
mourned theloss
the loss of the
the beautiful trees.
Unit 78
78
Unit
verb
verb
preposition
preposition
approve
of
conform
tally
coincide
to
with
with
concur
with
with
compromise
on
on
be in accord
with
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
257
257
11 conforms
22 tally/
tally / coincide
33 accord
44 tally/
tally / concur
55 approve
66 concur
concur// concurred
77 compromise
78.2 11 cc 22 ee 33 aa 44 dd 55 bb
78.2
78.3
78.3
Suggested answers:
11 The
made a/the
a/the concession
allowedaa place on
on the
The President made
concession that the opposition party should be allowed
committee.
22 I I think you
isa a question of
you should always exercise/use
exercise/use as much discretion
discretion as possible when it is
people's private lives.
people’s
3 3 The
reachedaa settlement
intheir
The landowners reached
settlement in
their dispute with the authorities over the proposed
factory site.
4 4 The
reachaa compromise
compromise and put
putan
The negotiating team were able to reach
an end tothelabour
to the labour dispute.
55 The
has causeda
lotofcontroversy.
The decision to close the railway line has
caused a lot
of controversy.
66 There is some
some dissent
dissent among theBoard
the Board members.
77 The forthcoming leadership election has
has caused
in/within the Green Party.
caused division(s)
division(s) in/within
8 8 Javier’s decision met
met with
hisparents'
approval.
with his
parents’ approval.
Unit 79
79
Unit
79.1 11 overlap, complement(s)
79.1
complement(s)
22 deduce
33 advocates
44 inferred
79.2 11 authoritative
79.2
22 empirical
33 ambiguous
44 coherent
55 comprehensive
79.3
79.3 11 bb
49, 64 (they are square numbers:
22 49,64
numbers:77 squared and
and88 squared)
33 Ulla’s
Ulla's mark was either much higher or lower than 68%.
44 cc
they select their subjects in
55 No,
No,they
ina a random fashion.
79.4 11 Theinformation
resides in archives that must not
notbe
79.4
The information resides
be opened until 2050.
22 He
He conceived
stilla a young man.
conceived his theory while still
33 Each of
ofthe
denotesaa sound.
the symbols in the
the phonetic alphabet denotes
44 This study contradicted
be true, and
and so
contradicted what was previously held to be
so triggereda
triggered a great deal of
discussion amongst specialists in the
the field.
5 5 Details of the
the experiment have been appended
appended tothereport.
to the report.
6 6 Jelowski’s
Jelowski's book reflects
reflects upon
upon therise
and fall of
of great Empires over two
She perceives
perceives
the rise and
two millennia. She
the Roman Empire as an instance
instance ofaa pattern that has
has repeated itself in other times and
and other
parts of the
the world.
79.5
79.5
258
258
The present study was
conceived in order to validatea
new method of
ofenquiry
was initially conceived
validate a new
enquiry whereby
genetic information could be
be utilised
utilised to predict disease. The
The study contradicts the findings of
demonstrate/indicate the converse of
ofwhat
Hill (2009); indeed it would appear to demonstrate/indicate
what he claimed. It
presentsaa somewhat different view of
ofthe
Notwithstanding,
presents
the genetic factors which trigger disease. Notwithstanding,
the study does not
notnegate
Hill's, as
as his studies served the crucial purpose ofdevising
negate Hill’s,
of devising symbols to
denote certain tendencies, thereby facilitating further research.
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Unit 80
80
Unit
80.1 11 The response from the public underscores
underscores the importance of
of having
havingaa full investigation
investigation of
80.1
the
the facts.
2 2 This view of
ofthe
was originally expounded by
bytheAncient
philosophers.
the world was
the Ancient Greek philosophers.
33 It is not
not easy to account
account forthe
for the fall in population of these birds.
4 4 Economists have posited
positedaa link between exchange rates and
and aa general lack of confidence in the
the
European Union.
55 I I should like to
reiterate here that the issue is not
not one
one that can
can be
be easily resolved.
to reiterate
66 The
The recent events epitomise the dilemma faced by politicians the
the world over.
7 7 In
Ina a 2010 article, Charles Plestow asserted that the whole European Medieval era had
had been
misinterpreted.
88 The
of her
hertalk
The lecturer summarised themain
the main arguments of
talk at the
the end.
80.2
80.2
Suggested answers:
11 70%
comprised of
of mountain ranges.
ranges./ / Mountain ranges comprise
comprise 70%
ofthe
70% of the landmass is comprised
70% of
the
landmass.
22 The
The book embracesa
embraces a wide variety of subjects. (embrace is usually used in the
the active voice)
33 I I think these three sections can
can all be
be subsumed
subsumed under one heading.
44 The
categorised by topic.
The poems in this book have been categorised
5 5 The
consists of
The course consists
of five modules, from which students must choose three.
80.3 11 return
80.3
22 brings
33 touches
44 address
55 beyond thescope
of
the scope of
66 ascending
77 forced to conclude
88 deal with
Unit
Unit 81
81
81.1 11 jot
81.1
jot down
22 scribble
33 doodling
44 writing up
up
5 5 draft
66
77
88
99
10
10
italics
quotes
characters
run off
asterisk
81.2 11 bold
81.2
22 upper case
33 italics
4 4 new
new font size
5 5 new
new typeface
66 lower case
77 block capitals
8 8 curly brackets
99 square brackets
10 diamond brackets
81.3 11 cc 22 ii 33 ff 44 hh 55jj 66 aa 77 ee 88 gg 99 bb
81.3
81.4 11 chatty
81.4
22 format
3 3 manuscripts
44 paste
55
66
77
88
10dd
10
touch-type
draft
indent
subtitle
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
259
259
Unit 82
82
Unit
82.1 11 make such
suchaa big
bigthing
suchaa fuss
82.1
thing = make such
22 has
has got
gotaa thing about = is obsessed with
33 The
The thing is == the
the problem is
4 4 things = the situation; get
get away for
go on
on holiday
foraa holiday = go
55 things = subjects, items; get through = deal with
66 get on
on with = haveaa good relationship with; For one
one thing=
thing = firstly; like different things = have
For another (thing) == in addition, secondly
different tastes; For
77 get = understand;
understand;I I didn't
getaa thing =I
didn't understand anything
didn’t get
= I didn’t
88 get everything sorted out
out = solve all our
our problems; got it together=
organised things
together = organised
82.2 11 sieve 22 Daniel Craig 33 protractor 4 4 hammer 55 colander 66 rolling pin
pin
82.2
82.3
82.3
Possible answers:
22 Look, isn’t
isn't that thingy? The
The actor who
who was
was in the
the latest James Bond?
33 I I can’t
can't find the
the thingumijig formeasuring
for measuring angles.
4 4 Have you got
gotaa whatchamacallit, you
you know, forbashing
for bashing in nails?
5 5 Where's
Where’s the thingummy for
for draining potatoes?
66 I I need
needaa whatsit –— you
one of
ofthose
you know, one
those things forflattening
for flattening pastry.
82.4
82.4
Possible answers:
11 The
had masses
masses of/
mass of/loads
load of/
and yellow flowers.
The garden had
of /aa mass
of / loads of/a
of / a load
of / dozens
dozens of
of pink and
22 I’ve
I've asked her out umpteen
umpteen// loads
loads of/
masses of
oftimes,
but she’s
she's always got some excuse.
of / masses
times, but
33 He
He hasn’t
hasn't donea
scrap of
of useful work here since he
he first got
got the
done a scrap
the job.
4 4 I’ve
I've got
got loads
loads of/
masses of
of/dozens
of papers
papersI I want togetrid
of / masses
/ dozens of
to get rid of.
5 5 Alice invited masses
masses of
of/dozens
of people to her party at the weekend.
/ dozens of/tons
of / tons of
66 Yasmin's
bags of/
loads of/
of energy –—II don’t
don't know where she
shegets
Yasmin’s got bags
of / loads
of / tons
tons of
gets it all from!
77 Loads
Loads of/
Dozens of/
Masses of
of people were turned away because the lecture room was full.
of / Dozens
of / Masses
8 8 She
She was
masses of
of/umpteen
any valuables on
on her desk.
was told dozens
dozens of/
of / masses
/ umpteen times not to leave any
82.5 11 company
82.5
22 included
33 gather
44 Incidentally
5 5 offence
66 mind
77 possible
Unit 83
83
Unit
83.1
83.1
Suggested answers:
11 The
new technology over the next five years.
The company will invest in excess of £10 million in new
2 2 It will cost you
in the
region of
of// around
around// about
you in
the region
about £10,000 to have the whole house redecorated.
33 Informal: It could take seven
seven hours,
hours, give
give or
or take
hour// or
so,todrive
take an
an hour
or so,
to drive to Aberdeen, depending
on the traffic.
approximately seven
seven hours
hours todrive
Formal: It could take approximately
to drive to Aberdeen, depending on thetraffic.
the traffic.
4 4 Quite
Quiteaa few
exam.I I was
and disappointed.
few students failed the
the exam.
was rather surprised and
83.2 11 Her
Herhair'sa
and I’d
I'd say
say she’s,
she's, well, forty, forty-fourish.
83.2
hair’s a sort of reddish colour, and
Sort of is used here with an
an adjective, but
but it can
be used with almost any type of
ofword.
can be
word. The
The -ish
suffix is used here witha
and aa number denoting age, but
but it is also often
with a descriptive adjective and
used with clock times, e.g. We
We arrived around half-past sevenish. Well is often used to make things
less direct.
2 2 The
on the
big side, but
but it was
The garden wasa
was a bit on
the big
was very pretty.
The
expressionaa bit on
the …
... side is used with adjectives to denote
denoteaa quality that is not
not what we
The expression
on the
we
want or
orhope
on the
but we
hope for, e.g. The
The living room wasaa bit on
the dark side, but
we bought some new lamps
OK.
and then it was
was OK.
260
260
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
33 There wasa
and I’ve
I've lost it.
was a kind of elasticky thing that held the two
two parts together, and
find
can both be used with adjectives and
and with almost any other word class.
Kind ofand
of and sort of can
-ysuffix
oradjective
Putting the
the -y
suffix on
ona a noun or
adjective to make it indirect or less precise occurs in informal
conversation, e.g. It was
wasa a browny colour witha
with a kind of acidy taste.
4 4 They're
on long walks and
and that.
They’re good shoes. They're
They’re comfortable on
And
And that just means ‘and similar things'
things’. It is very informal. Here it is used witha
with a noun, but people
use it with verbs too, e.g. They were singing and
and that at the
often use
the party last night.
5 5 I’ve
I've been tothedoctor's
and had
had treatments and
and suchlike, and
and I’m
I'm sure it helps in one
one way
or
to the doctor’s and
way or
another.
And
be used with an
an uncountable one,
And suchlike normally followsa
follows a plural noun, but it could also be
It'll be
be useful for your work and suchlike.
e.g. It’ll
83.3
83.3 11 stacks/ /aa (large) dollop// dollops
22 dash
dash// smidgen
33 stacks
4 4 smattering
55 dollop
83.4
83.4
Possible answers:
11 worrying// strange
strange// odd
odd
22 nuisance// pain
pain// problem
33 embarrassing
44 sandwich/
sandwich / snack
55 relax/ / watch TV/
haveaa sleep
TV / have
66 souvenirs/
souvenirs / pots /jewellery
/ jewellery// pictures
77 sightseeing
88 finished/
everything// completed thejob
finished / done everything
the job
Expressions to underline:
11 aa bit
2 2 (it’s)
(it's)a a bit of
ofa a
3 3 a a bit
4 4 or
or something
55 or
orwhatever
whatever
66 aa sort of, and
and things like that
77 and
and that
88 more or
orless
less
Unit 84
84
Unit
84.1 11 tobicker
84.1
to bicker
22 withoutaa murmur
to lisp /to
/ to speak witha
with a lisp /to
/ to have
33 tolisp
haveaa lisp
4 4 shout, yell, scream (also
[also roar, shriek)
5 5 roar is
isa a deeper sound, like
likea a lion; shriek is
isa a very high-pitched sound
to gossip /to
/ to slag (someone) off
66 to
7 7 to
to wind (someone) up
88 exaggeration
84.2 11 stuttered/
84.2
stuttered / stammered
22 tongue-tied
tongue-tied
33 mumbling// muttering
44 yell/ / shout
55 murmured
66 gossip
77 slurring
8 8 lisp
9 9 generalise
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
261
261
84.3 11 whining
84.3
22 up
up
33 butter
4 4 nagging
84.4
1
3
C
2
S
H
A
O
4
M
U
T
S
T
A
R
M
U
5
R
M
O
E
A
R
R
Unit
Unit 85
85
85.1 11 AD/
85.1
AD / CE
22 i.e.
33 NB
4 4 e.g.
85.2 11 /'neitau/
85.2
/ˈneɪtəʊ/ North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
22 FF —A
– A —Q
– Q frequently asked questions
33 /'saifai/
ofa a real person)
/ˈsaɪfaɪ/ science fiction, /'baiaupik/
/ˈbaɪəʊpɪk/ biographical picture (a film about the
the life of
44 /pin/
/pɪn/ personal identification number
55 UU —
0s unidentified
unidentified flying objects
–FF —
– Os
66 A A —S
as possible
– S –—A A –—PP as soon as
77 /'waifai/
forcomputers
/ˈwaɪfaɪ/ wireless connection for
computers or smartphones (wireless fidelity)
8 8 V V –—A A –—T T/ / /vat/
/væt/ value added tax
tax
99 BB –—CC —E
Era,BB –—C C before Christ
– E before the Common Era,
10 aids acquired immune deficiency syndrome
10
11 VV –—I I —P
– P very important person
bus
12 UU —S
– S –—BB universal serial bus
85.3 11 aa short account of
ofyour
and achievements
85.3
your life and
22 aa bedsit
33 proof of identity, e.g.
e.g.a a passport or driving licence
4 4 laugh
55 you
you should reply
66 your level of intelligence according to the Intelligence Quotient system
77 turn the page
88 information
information on
on the state of the
ina a particular area that is continuously updated as the
the traffic in
situation changes
85.4 11 Smedley and Jones edited
edited the book or
orarticle
and structure of the
85.4
article (they oversaw the contents and
the
butdidnotwrite
book but
did not write it).
2 2 This means seethefigure
illustration) which is marked as
as number 7.
see the figure (picture or illustration)
3 3 Et al. normally refers to
arenormally
to three or more co-authors. If there are just two, both names are
normally given.
4 4 This means all the
37.
the information from page 33 to
to (and including) page 37.
55 This means compare
compareaa work already being discussed or referred
referred to with Oswald’s
Oswald's 1987 work.
262
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Unit 86
86
Unit
86.1 11 redevelop
86.1
22 inappropriate
33 outnumber// outnumbered
44 misuse
55 reconsider
66 imperfect
77 misbehave
88 inability
9 9 incapable
10 inaccuracy
11 e-commerce
12 eco-friendly
86.2
86.2
Suggested answers:
11 aa 22 bb 33 cc 44 bb
86.3
86.3
Suggested answers:
22 The
upgraded me
me to
one I’d
I'd booked.
The hotel upgraded
toaa luxury room instead of the
the ordinary one
33 Would you like to
to stay there overnight or come back the same day?
44 The
underlying problem is
isa a very serious one.
The underlying
55 For me,
me, the advantages of
of air travel outweigh thedisadvantages.
the disadvantages.
66 I I think this hotel is overpriced.
overpriced.
77 It’s
It's slippery underfoot
underfoot just here. Be
Be careful.
8 8 The
an upturn
upturn in popularity after it changed its name.
The company experienced an
99 I I felt that what shesaid
undermined my
my position
position and
and weakened it somewhat.
she said undermined
underestimate how
how intelligent Frances is /to
underestimate Frances’s
Frances's
10 It would beaa mistake to underestimate
/ to underestimate
intelligence.
intelligence.
55 aa
66 cc
77 aa
88 bb
86.4 11 procrastinate
86.4
22 contaminate
33 eject
4 4 proliferate
5 5 commiserate
66 congeal
77 procreate
88 converse
99 emit
10 promote
Unit 87
87
Unit
87.1
87.1
-conscious
-free
-rich
-led
-minded
-proof
-related
-related
-ridden
-worthy
money-conscious employers
car-free city centre
energy-rich drink
energy-rich
French-led fashion
French-led
sport(s)-minded friends
bullet-proof car
drug(s)-related crime
poverty-ridden society
trustworthy person
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
263
263
87.2
87.2
Here are
the most likely adjective
You may
arethe
adjective++ noun combinations.
combinations. You
may find others that also work.
11 additive-free
additive-free drinks, foods
22 avoidable mistake, delay, problems
33 disposable knives and
and forks, income, glove
44 guilt-ridden
guilt-ridden expression, speech, personality
55 high-minded
high-minded speech, principles
66 newsworthy story, speech, mistake
77 oil-rich country, economy
88 ovenproof glove, dish
99 soundproof room, booth
10 stress-related illness, problems
87.3
87.3
Suggested answers:
child-led, child-minded, childproof, child-related
child-related
dust-free, dustproof, dust-related
dust-related
calorie-conscious, calorie-rich, calorie-related
workable, work-conscious, work-free, work-rich, work-led, work-minded, work-related
work-related
87.4 22 Poisonous mushrooms are
areeasily
identifiable.
87.4
easily identifiable.
3 3 He
He is so
he has
has no
no time forhis
so career-minded that he
for his family.
4 4 The
new speed cameras are
aresupposed
The new
supposed to
to be vandal-proof.
55 During the Civil War, the country was
was terror-ridden.
66 The
on that farm is nutrient-rich.
nutrient-rich.
The soil on
77 The
he was
The bank decided that he
was not creditworthy.
87.5 11 meat-free
87.5
22 class-related
class-related
33 vitamin-rich
44 dry-cleanable
5 5 clothes-conscious
66 government-led
87.6 11 verb
87.6
22 adjective
33 adverb
44 adjective
55 verb
66 adjective
77 adverb and
and adjective
88 verb
Unit 88
88
Unit
88.1 22 aa long speech by one
one person (e.g. in
ina a film or play)
88.1
3 3 sound carried froma
from a distance
44 something written by
by yourself about your own
own life
5 5 study of
of sound
66 togo
to go back to an earlier, worse state
7 7 study of
of writing
88 to make something unstable
99 something written to represent yourself
88.2
88.2
264
264
Possible answers:
11 monotonous, mono-culture
22 technocrat, technology
33 retrograde, retroactive
4 4 telescope, telecommunications
55 automatic, automobile
66 pre-war, pre-flight
7 7 postnatal, postpone
88 biological, biodiversity
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
88.3
88.3
Suggested answers:
22 She
She asked the singer for
autograph on the
ofhertable
for his autograph
the back of
her table napkin.
Stockholm University.
33 She
She tookaa degree in criminology
criminology at
atStockholm
University.
The novel is largely autobiographical.
4 4 The
autobiographical.
the painter’s
55 It’s
It'sa a retrospective
retrospective exhibition of the
painter's life and
and work.
66 He
He believes in auto-suggestion
auto-suggestion to cure yourself.
7 7 Teleworking is now
now quite common.
88 Some English philosophers in the
de-industrialisation.
the 19th century believed in de-industrialisation.
99 Cybercrime
Cybercrime is
isa a huge cause forconcern.
for concern.
88.4
88.4
Suggested answers:
22 The
doaa test that analyses their handwriting forwhat
The firm makes jobapplicants
job applicants do
for what it reveals about
their personality.
personality.
3 3 The
any case of bullying carried out
out over the internet or
The school always takes very seriously any
by phone.
by
44 Matt has
hasaa fear of anything technical.
5 5 He’s
He's giving
givingaa paper at
ataa special event taking place just before
beforeaa conference in Spain.
66 She
She did
didaa course in information science.
88.5 11 information
information++ commercial, i.e.
i.e.a a television advert that gives information instead of selling
88.5
something (e.g. explaining new
new social welfare regulations)
regulations)
22 iPod
iPod++ broadcast, i.e. radio programmes that you
can download after they are broadcast and
and listen
you can
to
on a a personal audio player such as an iPod or smartphone.
to on
33 camera
camera++ recorder, usually
usuallyaa small, portable video camera
44 vegetable+
i.e.a a vegetarian hamburger
vegetable + hamburger, i.e.
55 swimming++ marathon, i.e. an
an event in which people attempt to swim
swimaa very long distance
(probably done in order to raise money for
for charity)
6 6 free+
can download without charge from the
free + software, i.e. software you
you can
the internet
Unit
Unit 89
89
89.1 11 lexicon
89.1
22 Anglo-Saxon
33 classical
4 4 borrowing
55 source
66 consequence
77 impact
88 enrich
89.2 11 hammock
89.2
22 turban
33 tabby
44 cot
89.3 11 karaoke
89.3
22 mumps
33 amber
44 tonic
55 roster
66 gimmick
89.4
89.4
aresome
forspeakers
ofspanish:
Here are
some possible answers for
speakers of
Spanish:
•• food and
and drink –— paella, tapas, rioja
• • animals, flowers and
and landscape features –— mosquito, cork, banana
•• industrial products and
and inventions –— fumidor, lasso
•• clothing and
and the
the home –—sombrero,
sombrero, mantilla, hammock
•• politics and
and society —– junta, guerrilla, embargo, mañana, macho
•• thearts,
and leisure activities –— flamenco, guitar, toreador
the arts, sports and
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
265
265
89.5
89.5
of other speakers of
ofyour
If possible, compare your answers with those of
your language.
89.6
89.6
may not
notall
old French
Notice that these words may
all have originated in English. Pudding originates from an old
word, forinstance,
but it seems tohave
for instance, but
to have moved into some other languages from English rather than
going directly from French.
Unit 90
90
Unit
90.1 11 interfere
90.1
2 2 Safety
33 topics
4 4 shade
55 theme
66 intervened
77 security
88 continually
99 shadows
10
10 continuously
90.2 11 outrun
90.2
22 held up
up
33 upset
44 upheld
55 do
do out
66 ended up
77 run
runout
out
88 upended
90.3 11 outbreak, e.g. There has been an outbreak of
ofviolence.
90.3
violence.
22 upset, e.g.
e.g.I I had
had a a stomach upset
upset and
and couldn’t
couldn't go
go to work.
33 outlook, e.g. The
outlook forsmall
ofthe
The outlook
for small businesses is bleak because of
the economic crisis.
4 4 setup, e.g. After the
ofthe
the merger, the setup of
the company was radically changed.
55 aa lookout, e.g. Thieves or robbers often have one person asaa lookout,
lookout, watching forpolice,
for police, etc.
6 6 a a breakout, e.g. There were three breakouts
breakouts from this prison last year.
Unit 91
91
Unit
91.1 11 intend:
intend:I I didn’t
didn't mean
mean tohurt
91.1
to hurt you.
22 exactly: She
She finished the
the exercise in five minutes flat.
3 3 proper, just: It’s
It's only fair that we
we should share the housework.
44 city with the seat of government: Wellington is the
capital of New
New Zealand.
the capital
55 light in colour: I’ve
I've got
got fair hair and
and burn easily in the
the sun.
66 unkind: You
be so mean
mean toyour
You shouldn't
shouldn’t be
to your little sister.
7 7 fixed: To
payaa flat fee
To join the
the Fitness Club you
you pay
fee of £500.
88 neither very good nor
norvery
very bad: His marks in his final exams ranged from excellent to fair.
9 9 money: You need plenty of capital
capital to open
openaa restaurant.
10 unwilling to spend money: He’s
He's far too
mean tobuyher
10
too mean
to buy her flowers.
91.2
91.2
266
266
It’s
It's only fair: adjective (right)
The
The Frankfurt Book Fair: noun (large show)
the weather to stay fair: adjective (pleasant)
(pleasant)
I’ve
I've got
got fair skin: adjective (light)
ranged from excellent to fair: adjective (satisfactory)
the
the burning third-floor flat: noun (apartment)
terribly flat and
and boring: adjective (level)
flat fee
fee of
a a fiat
of £500: adjective (fixed)
than B itself)
B B flat minor: noun
noun((♭ =aa note that is
isa a semitone lower thanB
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
how quick
quickaa time is)
in five minutes flat: adverb (only; emphasises how
letters: adjective (upper case)
in capital letters:
the
New Zealand: noun (city where thecountry's
the capital of New
the country’s government sits)
openaa restaurant:
restaurant: noun (money)
capital to open
Capital punishment: adjective (punishable by death)
an idea)
‘coagulate’ mean: verb (conveyaa meaning, express an
(intend)
mean tohurt
to hurt you: verb (intend)
too
too mean tobuyherflowers:
to buy her flowers: adjective (opposite of generous)
be so mean: adjective (unkind)
91.3 11 match
91.3
22 bill
33 set
set
44 post
5 5 mark
66 run
run
91.4 aa an
an instrument
instrumentaa dentist uses to make holes in your teeth
91.4
bb training for marching
cc aa powerful tool used for
formaking
ina a road
making holes in
dd an
an exercise practising grammar in
ina a fairly mechanical way
way
on which students are marked present or absent every day
day
91.5
the list on
91.5 11 aa thelist
bb to send
sendaa letter or
or parcel in
ina a special way
has protection
protection against being lost
way so
so it has
2 2 a a how
how much performers might appeal to the public
bb money earned on
on an investment or paid for
foraa loan
33 aa to cut up
up into small cubes (usually vegetables)
with a number from one to
to six on
bb aa cube witha
on each side
4 4 aa throwing the ball into the
and hitting it at
at the
ofa a turn
the air and
the start of
bb the attention given to customers by staff
5 5 a a specific problem being dealt with by lawyers
bb aa piece of luggage
66 aa the long stick that players use
use in snooker or billiards
bb the
oractions
an actor that it is his or
or her
her turn to speak
the words or
actions that tell an
91.6 11 Then it hit me!
me! This means ‘then
‘thenI I suddenly understood and
and then the ball suddenly struck my
my body.’
91.6
2 2 This is based on
on the traditional saying that babies are delivered toa
byaa big
bigbird called
calledaa
to a home by
stork.A
likea a stork. But
Butaa crane can
can also be
beaa piece of
stork. A crane is another kind of large bird rather like
heavy machinery used to lift heavy objects.
33 In the
isa a verb and
and like is
isa a preposition
preposition –— the
the first sentence, flies is
the sentence is comparing the flight
an arrow. In the
isa a noun and like is
isa a verb and
and the
of time with that of an
the second sentence, flies is
sentence says that fruit flies [very small insects] enjoy bananas.
44 As well as beingaa preposition, down is the
the word for
for very soft feathers used to stuff, for
for example,
are up, they have risen and
and if they are down they have fallen.
pillows or winter jackets. If prices are
Unit 92
Unit
92
92.1 11 real
92.1
2 2 real
3 3 real/ / genuine
44 genuine
55 genuine
92.2 11 CC 22 DD 33 AA 44 BB 55 CC
92.2
92.3 11 brisk, sharpen
92.3
22 toll
3 3 leisurely
4 4 perfectly
55
66
77
88
bequeathed
rightly
visit
spoilt
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
267
267
92.4
92.4 11 aa powerful car
22 strong tea
33 auburn hair
4 4 aa doleful expression
55 aa lengthy meeting
Unit 93
93
Unit
93.1 11 eye
eye
93.1
22 hands
33 heart
44 jungle
55 thumb
66 ball
7 7 mouth
88 head
99 rein
10 light
10
93.2 11 holding the reins == in charge; idiom taken from horse riding
93.2
the goalposts = changing the rules; idiom from football
2 2 moving thegoalposts
3 3 aa half-baked idea = an
an idea that is not
not fully thought through or developed; idiom from cookery
44 to tighten our
our belts = to reduce our spending; idiom from dressing
on board = to understand and
55 to take (something)
(something) on
and accept; idiom from loading
loadingaa ship
to complete
66 on
on track = likely to
completeaa planned course of action; idiom from travel (e.g. along railway
tracks)
of the hands of
7 7 around the clock = day
day and
and night; idiom based on
on the movement ofthehands
ofaa clock
face value = to accept something/someone as
88 take something/someone at
atface
as how
how they appear at
at
first, without thinking they could be
be something else; idiom based on
on the image of
ofaa coin or stamp
the value is stated on
where thevalue
on its ‘face’
93.3 11 This book throwsa
on the
usa a
93.3
throws a great deal of fresh light on
the history of the
the period. = This books tells us
new about the history …;
...; from the concept of
of intelligence as
as light
great deal that is new
2 2 We
an hour at
atleast
an hour …;
...;
We could save half an
least if we
we went through the wood. = We
We could gain half an
from the concept of
oftime
time as money
33 Trytokeep
he argues with you. = Try to keep calm …;
...; from the concept of
of intense
Try to keep cool even if he
feeling as
as temperature
44 We
metaphors) We
devotedaa long time
We spent months trying to achieve our sales targets. == (two metaphors)
We devoted
to trying hard to sell as
as many of
ofourproducts
oftime
our products as we
we were aiming for; from the concepts of
time as
and business as
asaa military operation
money and
55 Police tried to
ofthe
to control the
the flow of
the fans as they left the
the concert. = Police tried to control the
the
ofthefans
...; from the concept of
of movement of
ofpeople
movement of
the fans …;
people as water
93.4 11 All the
world'saa stage
staee and
and all the
men and
and women merely players.
93.4
the world’s
the men
The
likea a theatre and
and that possibly the
are written in advance, with
The line suggests that life is like
the roles are
people being like actors in that they all have different parts to play. (from As
As You Like It)
2 2 We
are such stuff as
as dreams are
aremade
on;and
andourlittle
withaa sleep.
We are
made on;
our little life is rounded with
The
people's lives have as little substance asaa dream. Death is likened to sleep
The line suggests that people’s
end of the short day
day that is all that life is. (from The
The Tempest)
at the end
33 There is
isa a tide in the
at the flood, leads on
on to fortune.
the affairs of men, which, taken at
The
our lives have tides like the
sea and
and we
of lucky
The line suggests that our
the sea
we must take advantage of
be transported
opportunities, metaphorical flood tides, in order to be
transported to good times. (from Julius Caesar)
268
268
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Unit 94
Unit
94
now up
up and
and running
running so we
94.1
we should be able to get some useful data soon.
94.1 11 The system is now
22 Things are looking
looking up
up now
now that we’ve
we've increased
increased our
our online sales.
3 3 The
likea a dream.
The whole project worked like
44 Aftera
into place
place now.
After a problematic start, things are falling into
55 The
ranlike
The school open day went// ran
like clockwork.
94.2 11 dream
94.2
22 pain
33 need// needed
44 nightmare
55 hear
94.3 11 Ricardo
94.3
22 Michelle
33 Sabina
44 Alex
55 Monica
94.4 11 Jessica’s
Jessica's on
on cloud nine
nine now
now she’s
she's at university.
university.
94.4
2 2 She’s
She's in
in her element now
now she’s
she's got
gotaa job
an architect’s
architect's office.
job in an
3 3 You
mouth. What's
You lookaa bit down in the
the dumps
dumps// mouth.
What’s the matter?
44 Just look at him! He
He looks fed up
up to the back
back teeth!
55 I I was
me I’d
I'd got
got the
was over
over the
the moon when they told me
the job.
94.5 11 BB (the last straw means
meansaa final, very damaging event in
ina a series of bad
bad events)
94.5
22 CC (I can’t
can't understand it because it is too
too complex/complicated)
33 DD (you look very unhappy indeed)
44 AA (it worked perfectly, as
as if by
by magic)
55 DD (I was
happy/elated)
was feeling very happy/elated)
Unit 95
Unit
95
95.1 11 Meena can
cancome
but she’s
she's just shy.
95.1
come across/over
across/over asaa little arrogant, but
2 2 Charlie was
ofaa chance forpromotion
came up
up at
athis
was quick to take advantage of
for promotion that came
his workplace.
33 The
came up
up against
The project was
was going well until we
we came
against some legal problems.
44 I I came
across some lovely old
came across
old photos whenI
when I was
was sorting some boxes yesterday.
55 I’m
I'm afraid it looks as if our
our plans to move to
may not
not come
come off.
off.
toaa new flat may
6 6 Something strange came
came over
me and
andII shouted at
at him
him angrily.
over me
95.2 11 going
95.2
22 dwell
33 press
44 stay
55 caught
66 urge
95.3 11 Do youthink
layany
off?
95.3
you think the company will have to lay
any staff off?
22 I I learnt Spanish at
at school but need to
up before
beforeII go
go to
to brush it up
to Spain.
33 Correct
44 If you
intoaa decision, you
may regret it later.
you rush into
you may
5 5 We'll
off tomorrow's
We’ll have to call off
tomorrow’s picnic if the
the weather is bad.
66 The
in to their new
new flat in the
The family soon settled in
the city.
7 7 I I love the
into everything she
she does.
the way
way Katie always throws herself into
88 Correct
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
269
269
95.4
95.4
can have the particle before or after the
the object:
These verbs can
to brush up
upaa skill –— brush
brushaa skill up
up
to put
together a report –— put
to
put togethera
putaa report together
off staff –— lay
to lay
layoff
lay staff off
to call offaa meeting —– call
to
calla a meeting off
to put
forward a plan
to
puta a plan forward –— put forwarda
95.5 11 abolish
95.5
22 start to
to work
33 waste time
44 occur
55 delay
66 criticise
7 7 explode
88 not tell
Unit 96
96
Unit
96.1
you wouldn’t.
96.1 11 No,
No,youwouldn't.
22 aa peacemaker
33 aa factory chimney
44 Yes, it’s
it'sa a compliment.
55 No, you
you wouldn’t.
wouldn't.
of good luck.
66 Yes, as it’s
it'sa a symbol ofgood
7 7 faithfulness
you wouldn’t.
8 8 No,
No, you
wouldn't. Although super suggests something extra good, shark has
hasaa negative meaning in
a a business context.
96.2 11 cc
96.2
22 dd (also associated with growth, fertility)
fertility)
3 3 f f (also associated with cheerfulness)
cheerfulness)
4 4 ee (also associated with fierceness)
fierceness)
5 5 aa (also associated with birth)
6 6 bb (also associated with death, nothingness)
nothingness)
and red, for
Note that these are not the only associations which these colours have. Blue, green and
be used to refer to different political parties.
instance, can
can also be
96.3 11 No.
No.If
say someone has
hasaa dog’s
dog's life, you
haveaa difficult life.
96.3
If you
you say
you think they have
2 2 No.
No. If you
calla a businessman
businessmanaa snake, you
don't trust him.
you call
you don’t
33 No. If you
say someone's
notespecially
you say
someone’s hair is mousy, you mean it is light brown and not
especially striking or
attractive.
4 4 Correct.
55 No.
No. If you
say someone can
canbe
you say
be catty, you
you mean they tend to say unkind things about people.
66 Correct.
77 No.
No. If you
someoneaa sheep, you
and are not independent at
atall.
you call someone
you mean they just follow others and
all.
8 8 No.
No. If you
say that someone is hawk-eyed, you
you say
you mean that they have very sharp eyes.
96.4
96.4
270
270
Possible answers: (but you
may have some better ones!)
you may
Colours
Romans' togas,
Purple is often the
the colour of royal robes (and was
was the colour of the most important Romans’
because it was
was made from an expensive dye).
new growth and
and this may
may suggest inexperience.
inexperience.
Green is the
the colour of new
Yellow might be seen as the colour white people’s
people's skin goes when they are
are afraid.
Red is the
so may
may suggest danger.
Red
the colour of fire, so
White is the
ofcolour,
purity,a a blank sheet.
the absence of
colour, which suggests purity,
and seems tosuggest
and frightening, hence evil.
Black is dark, and
to suggest things that are hidden and
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Animals
dog's life’ may
may come from the idea thata
dog is totally under the thumb of
ofits
‘A dog’s
that a dog
its master.
A A snake is
isa a creature that many people are afraid of. They know that snakes can be dangerous.
AA mouse is usually light brown or
orgrey
and it is not
not generally
generallyaa popular animal, so it is not
not
grey in colour and
and dull associations as
asaa hair colour.
surprising that ‘mousy’ has negative and
not surprising
Rats generally have very unpleasant associations for most English speakers, so it is not
that rattiness is
isa a negative quality.
and hurt people.
Cats have sharp claws which can scratch and
haveaa rather unpleasant smell, one
one that can
can hang around for
foraa long time, so
may
Fish can
can have
so this may
suggest something suspicious, i.e. what is causing that unpleasant smell?
one another rather than all acting in an
an independent way.
Sheep tend to follow one
Asa
As a bird of prey, the
the hawk needs very sharp eyes.
96.5
96.5 11 bad
bad luck
22 good luck
33 bad
bad luck
44 good luck
Unit 97
Unit
97
97.1 11 She
Sheworks
ina a shop that sells women's
97.1
works in
women’s clothing. (Ladies’ garments might be an even more formal
equivalent.)
equivalent.)
22 I’ve
I've got
got some new specs. Do
Do you
you like them?
33 Did
Didyou
on the telly/ / on
box last night?
you seethat
see that documentary about Wales on
on the
the box
4 4 Gerry’s
Gerry'saa decent bloke
bloke// guy.I
guy. I wouldn't
wouldn’t want toupset
to upset him.
55 I I spent the morning conversing
conversing with the Director.
6 6 Molly was
was there with her husband
husbandI/ partner.
partner. He’s
He'saa nice man.
man.
97.2
97.2
neutral
formal
informal
children
sunglasses
policeman/woman
offspring
kids
shades
police officer
umbrella
brolly
invaluable
97.3
97.3
[bobby can also be
be used, but it is becoming
cop (bobby
increasingly rare nowadays)
really useful
make sure
ensure (or guarantee)
guarantee)
try
try
endeavour
use
employ
Ina a database from the Cambridge International Corpus totalling ten
ofeveryday
In
ten million words of
everyday spoken
and written English texts, the
the words in the
the list occurred approximately in the
the ratios given in the
the second
11 times more frequent in written English than in spoken).
column (for example, frequently is 11
word
ratio spoken : written
11 frequently WW
22 start
startS S
3 3 begin WW
44 maybeSS
55 moreover WW
11:: 11
11
22:1: 1
11:5: 5
55:1
:1
11:: 60
97.4 11 pharmacist// chemist
97.4
22 girl (or
(or young unmarried woman)
33 poetry// poem
44 towhere
to where// where to
to
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
271
271
97.5
97.5 11 This computer text could be called written, modern, technical. Terms such as shared folder
Tolder and
and
The style is typically written, especially with the use of passive voice verbs
server are technical. The
and
we would probably just say
say ‘one that is
and the word located;
located, in non-technical spoken language, we
on a a server’
on
server’.
22 This is typical modern, written academic text; above indicates it is written. Typical academic words
areparadigm
meansaa dominant set
setofbeliefs
or methods in an
an academic field) and
and the
are
paradigm (which means
of beliefs or
the
initials SLA
SLA (which mean Second Language Acquisition).
Acquisition).
3 3 This is rather archaic poetry (by the English poet John Donne, 1572–1631).
1572—1631). Thee is an
an archaic form
ofsingular
‘tis is an
an archaic form of
ofit
and means ‘as
‘asa a
of
singular you,
you; ’tis
it is,
is; injest
in jest is rather formal and/or literary and
joke// not serious’. Other rather formal or literary words are
areweariness
and feigned (pretended).
weariness and
4 4 This is formal spoken language. It is froma
US President John F. Kennedy (1917–1963).
(1917—1963).
from a speech by US
Key items are the formal ask
as/r not
of‘don't
my fellow, and
and the
the freedom ofman
Key
not instead of
‘don’t ask’, my
of man instead
and lectures are
are often very close
of human freedom orfreedom
or freedom foreveryone.
for everyone. Formal speeches and
to formal written texts, and
and this text could possibly also have been
beenaa written text (e.g.
(e.g.a a political
orelectioneering
literature).
pamphlet or
electioneering literature).
5 5 This is informal, modern conversation.
conversation. Key
Key items are mindyou
mind you (rare in written language), telly
cos instead of because, and
and yeah instead of yes. The
The text is quite fragmented
instead of television, cos
too (the Rhine. Yeah, the river in Bonn). Written registers tend to be more integrated
integrated (e.g. the
the River
Rhine in Bonn).
Unit 98
98
Unit
98.1 11 American. British version:I
my way
big junction just south of
ofthe
98.1
version: I lost my
way at the
the big
the city.
2 2 British. American version: Why
are there always so many shopping carts left in the
parking lot?
lot?
Why are
the parking
3 3 British. American version: Cross the street at the crosswalk,
crosswalk, then takeaa left.
lefi.
4 4 American. British version: You
can't drive any
any further; you'll
reverse, the road
road is very
You can’t
you’ll have to reverse,
narrow.
55 British. American version: You'll
see the
overpass on
on I-34.
I-34.
You’ll see
the gas
gas station just after the
the overpass
6 6 American. British version: Once you get
geton
on tothemotorway,
to the motorway, it will only take you
you two
two hours to get
there.
7 7 American. British version: The
opposite the Chinese restaurant.
restaurant.
The office is diagonally opposite
8 8 American. British version: There'sa
attheend
ofthe(foot)path.
It's about three miles
There’s a stream at
the end of
the (foot)path. It’s
from here.
98.2
98.2 11 ee dumpster US
US = skip UK
UK
22 dd ground US
US = earth UK
UK
33 aa frying pan
pan UK
UK= = skillet US
US
4 4 c c cooker UK
UK = stove US
US
tap UK
55 bb faucet US
US = tap
UK
98.3 11 AA fresher, as
as they are
areyounger.
98.3
younger.
22 At more or
orless
less the
the same level.
3 3 ‘Professor’ is an
an appropriate form of
ofaddress
US. In Britain it is
isa a
address forany
for any university teacher in the
the US.
title given only to those of
ofthe
the highest academic rank.
4 4 Britain
5 5 The
The second year.
6 6 They mean psychology is their main subject of study.
77 No.
No. In Britain it is likely to
institution for 16+
16+ students to learn some special
to mean going to an institution
orskill
(e.g.a a teacher-training college). In the
university.
knowledge or
skill (e.g.
the USA, it usually means going to university.
8 8 British
272
272
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Unit 99
Unit
99
99.1 11 To try
and also perhaps to tryto
99.1
try tomake
to make thelanguage
the language less stereotyped with regard to gender and
try to
gender-biased attitudes in this way.
alter gender-biased
22 The
The expression means words that have male connotations but are referring to
to people in general.
33 There might have been controversy perhaps because some people felt it was
an unnecessary
was an
orthat
was impossible to tryto
artificially.
change or
that it was
try to impose language change artificially.
4 4 They want togetrid
of‘male’
the street by
by using such
to get rid of
‘male’ words in traditional idioms like man
man in the
the street or the
of man
phrases as the person in the
the average person instead. They even want togetrid
to get rid of
man
has really been lost.
in words like manhandle and woman where themale
the male idea has
5 5 It was
introduced as
asaa title which does not
notfocus
was introduced
focus on
on whetheraa woman is married or not. It is useful
do not
not know whataa woman's
or ifa a woman does not
notwant
if you
you do
woman’s marital status is or
want people to know
hermarital
her
marital status.
99.2 11 Three firefighters
outaa fire at
ata a disused warehouse last night.
99.2
firefighters helped put out
2 2 A A spokesperson
spokesperson forthe
of Education provided us witha
for the Department of
with a statement.
33 Cleaner
Cleaner wanted forhouse
for house in Priory Street.
4 4 The
staffed even during holiday periods.
The helpline is continuously staffed
55 All our
our flight
attendants are
arefluent
flight attendants
fluent in at least three languages.
66 The
areartificial.
The fibres in this garment are
artificial.
7 7 Police
Police officers
officers today spend more time in cars than on
on the beat.
88 This was
human race.
race.
wasaa great step forthe
for the human
99 The
average person
person has little time forsuch
The average
for such issues.
10 Sales
Sales assistants
assistants are often well trained and
and can
can be
be very persuasive.
persuasive.
10
99.3 11 feminine
99.3
22 male
33 guys
44 laddish
55 macho
66 girlfriends
99.4
99.4
1—5 Personal answers
1–5
66 The
by either using his or
or her:A
may have to neglect
The sentence can be altered by
her: A government minister may
his or
her family.
his
or her
Or by
by making it plural: Government
Government ministers
ministers may
may have to neglect their
Or
their families.
families.
andacceptable
be used asaa generic pronoun
It is also becoming increasingly common and
acceptable fortheir
for their to
to be
to
one person, e.g.A A government minister may
may have to neglect their
to refer to
to one
their family.
family. Note that
be incorrect. Note also that some writers use
use the
some people consider this to
to be
the pronoun s/he
instead of be
he or she.
Unit 100
100
Unit
100.1
100.1
Suggested answers:
11 AA bomb explosion in
ina a capital city terrorises the
the population there.
2 2 The
The Prime Minister is going to announce plans fordealing
for dealing with football hooligans.
33 Some highly successful footballers are
are speaking up
up fortheir
he has
has been criticised.
for their coach after he
4 4 A A strong campaign against people who
who disagree witha
with a government has been launched.
55 Violent men
men surround
surroundaa teenage star.
6 6 The
on dealing with badly behaved and offensive young men.
The police decide to focus on
100.2 11 cc It uses nudity and
and the dramatic word ‘scandal’ to attract attention.
100.2
2 2 bb It uses
usesaa familiar name for
fortheKing,
the King, which shows either lack of respect or friendly familiarity,
familiarity,
and the
alliteration on
on ‘Macedonian’ and
and ‘massacre’.
‘massacre’
and
the dramatic word ‘massacre’ for
for battle, with alliteration
33 ee It uses alliteration
alliteration in ‘Marathon man’ and ‘drop-dead dash’, witha
with a dramatic image and words.
44 aa It is about royalty and
and scandal, which are
arefavourite
favourite topics for tabloids.
5 5 dd It uses the informal expression ‘It’s
‘It's curtains for …’
...’ [It’s
[It's the
end for
...], and
and alliteration in
the end
for …],
‘curtains’ and
and ‘Corinth’.
‘Corinth’
‘curtains’
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
273
273
ina a famous 19th-century novel of the same name, who
who
100.3
wasaa blood-drinking vampire in
100.3 11 gg Dracula was
an expression used
comes toWhitby
to Whitby in north-east England from Transylvania. ‘Bad blood’ is also an
to mean bad
badfeelings
bad blood between thevicar
feelings between people. There will probably be bad
the vicar of
Whitby and
and the people who
who are makingaa profit from the Dracula connections of the town.
often referred to as
the ‘happiest days of
your life’.
22 ee School days are
areoften
as the
ofyour
life’
3 3 b b ‘Shell-shocked’ means traumatised
ina a state of great shock. It describes how
how soldiers in
traumatised or in
the
had been subjected to shells or bombs for
the trenches in World WarI
War I felt after they had
foraa long time.
Terrapins and
and tortoises have shells and
and they would certainly be
be shocked (in the
by
the medical sense) by
falling from such
suchaa height.
4 4 aa Dentists make impressions of teeth and
and ‘false impressions’ is
isa a common collocation
collocation used to
byaa person.
mean incorrect impressions created by
55 dd This is meant torecall
hunting’ ‘Haunting’, however, is whataa ghost does. An
to recall the
the phrase ‘happy hunting’.
An
isa a kind of ghost.
‘apparition’ is
66 hh ‘Hopping mad’ is
isa a collocation meaning extremely cross. It is appropriate here as toads and
and frogs
hop along the ground. Hopping mad
mad is also no
no doubt how
how the
hop
the police felt when they discovered
they had
had been called out
out by
byaa toad.
77 ff Toilets ‘flush’ [water passes through them]. ‘Flushed’ also means tobe
redin
to be red
in the
the face. It
success", the
suchaa
collocates strongly with the phrase ‘with success’;
the people who
who have sold the
the toilet for such
arelikely
large sum
sum of money are
likely to
to feel successful.
8 8 ii ‘Highly embarrassed’ means extremely embarrassed. It is doubly appropriate here as the man
man
up the tree that he
he has
has to be
be rescued by the fire brigade –— certainly an
an embarrassing
is so
so high up
situation.
9 9 c c Sheepdogs ‘round up’ sheep. They are
areaa kind of dog
dog and
and it is suggested that they should round
up the children.
101
Unit 101
1011
101.1
Possible answers:
Use of ‘longer’ and
and ‘grand’ vocabulary: attained instead of reached; bestowed on instead of given to;
Use
adjoining instead of next to; property instead of home
Useofpassive
... is hereby rejected instead of We
Use
of passive when active would do:Your
do: Your request …
We hereby reject
your request to …
...; ; No
No exceptions …
... will be
be considered instead of We
not consider any
any exceptions
We will not
Use of noun as
asthesubject
No exceptions to the aforementioned procedure will be
be
Use
the subject of the sentence: No
considered instead of We
not consider any
any exceptions …
...
We will not
Avoidance of
of‘you".
and all appeals regarding this decision must be submitted instead of You
‘you’: Any
Any and
You must
submit any appeal
on11 June.
101.2
101.2 11 Roadworks will begin on
address of your nearest
22 Write the name and
andaddress
nearest relative.
wishes from Jane Bramwell.
3 3 With best
best wishes
soon as
as you
you can.
can.
44 Call me
me as
as soon
there is
fire, don’t
55 If
If there
isa a fire,
don't use
use the lifts.
to the car
the captain tells them to.
6 6 Passengers should not go
go to
car deck until the
about theeditorial
the editorial in today's
today’s paper.
7 7 I I am
am writing about
with your letter of
88 I I am
am writing in
in connection
connection with
of 6th
6th June.
274
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
10L3
101.3
101.4
bureaucratic word
word
bureaucratic
more everyday
everyday equivalent
equivalent
more
acknowledge
us know
let us
cessation
end
end
clarification
clarification
explanation
explanation
commencement
start
deceased
dead
endeavour
try
try
facilitate
make easier
rectify
put right
put
resume
start again
verb
verb
noun
noun
adjective
adjective
clarify
clarification
clarification
clarifiable
facilitate
facilitation
facilitation
facilitating
instruct
instruction
instructive
notify
notification
notification
notifiable
rectify
rectification
rectification
rectifiable
101.5 11 Clients
Clients must
must obey
obey thefollowing
rules.
101.5
the following rules.
22 Put
Put coins
coins into
into the
slot below.
below.
the slot
33 Your
complaints have
have been
been investigated
investigated and
and are
are considered
considered to
be unjustified.
unjustified.
Your complaints
to be
44 Passengers
Passengers are
are asked
asked not
not to
smoke.
to smoke.
55 Tick
country where
live.
Tick the
the country
where you
you live.
English Vocabulary in Use Advanced
275
275
Phonemic symbols
Phonemic
Vowetsounds
Vowel sounds
Consonant sounds
Consonant
sounds
Symbol
Examples
Symbol
Examples
/i./
/i/
sleep
sleep
me
me
/p/
/p/
Qut
put
happy
happy
recipe
recipe
/b/
book
/t/
take
pull
pull
/d/
/d/
dog
dog
/i/
/i/
/i/
//
/u/
/υ/
/u:/
/u/
/e/
/e/
/a/
/ə/
/a:/
//
/ɔ/
/o:/
/a/
//
/x/
//
/D/
/ɒ/
/a:/
/ɑ/
p_in
pin
d_in ner
dinner
foot
foot
could
could
do
do
shoe
shoe
through
through
/k/
/k/
car
kik
kick
red
red
head
sad
said
/g/
/g/
go
go
guarantee
ggarantee
/t//
/tʃ/
catch
church
/d$/
/d/
age
age
lounge
/f/
for
for
cough
coug_h
/v/
love
love
vehicle
vehicle
/0/
/θ/
hick
thick
pah
path
arrive
arrive
father
father
turn
turn
bid
bird
sort
sort
thought
thought
cat
cat
black
black
sun
sun
enough
enough
got
got
watch
sock
/d/
/ð/
his
this
mo her
mother
part
heart
laugh
/s/
since
rice
/z/
zoo
zoo
surprise
surprise
///
/ʃ/
hop
shop
sugar
sugar
aim
am
//
/$/
pleasure
t_ime
time
/h/
hear
hear
/m/
/m/
make
make
/n/
/n/
name
/q/
/ŋ/
bring
bring
/1/
/l/
look
/ei/
/e/
name
/aI/
/a/
my
my
idea
boy
boy
neise
noise
pair
whe_f_e
where
hear
cheers
/0I/
/ɔ/
/e3/
/eə/
/ia/
/ə/
/au/
/əυ/
/au/
/aυ/
/ua/
/υə/
late
colour
colour
work
work
walk
walk
wonder
wonder
bera
bear
go
go
home
show
out
out
cow
/r/
road
pure
fewer
/j/
young
young
/w/
/w/
wear
wear
photograph
q_hotograp_h
usual
u?ual
mahine
machine
vision
hotel
hotel
now
know
while
one with the stress.
 This shows that the next syllable is the
the one
haveaa second stress, less strong than on
on the main stressed
 This is used when some longer words have
syllable.
276
276
Use Advanced
English Vocabulary in Use
Index
the Index are Unit
Unit numbers, not page numbers.
The numbers in the
numbers.
4x4 /,fo:bai'fo:/
27
/fɔbafɔ/ 27
14
abhor /ab'ho:/
/əbhɔ/ 14
abhorrence /ab'horans/
/əbhɒrəns/ 14
abhorrent /ab'hDrant/
/əbhɒrənt/ 14
abject poverty 45
87
-able /aba1/
/əbəl/ 87
absolute poverty 40
40
78
absolutely /,æbsa'lu:tli/
/bsəlutli/ 78
69
abstruse /æb'stru:s/
/bstrus/ 69
academic journal 11
accède /ak'si:d/
accede
/əksid/ 72
72
accelerate /ak'selareit/
/əkseləret/ 66
66
access (v.) /'ækses/
/kses/ 48
48
access online 11
17
accessory /ak'sesari/
/əksesəri/ 17
Accidents will happen! 70
T0
acclaimed /a'k1eimd/
/əklemd/ 22
22
accommodating /a'komodeitiq/
/əkɒmədetŋ/ 34
74
accord /a'ko:cl/
/əkɔd/ 74
account for
for 80
52
ache /eIk/
/ek/ 52
and pains 52
aches and
achieve economic growth 45
101
acknowledge /ok'nolid$/
/əknɒld/ 1, 101
acquaintance /o'kweintans/
/əkwentəns/ 12
acquiesce /,akwi’es/
/kwies/ 72
72
74
acquit /a’kwit/
/əkwt/ 74
74
acquittal /a'kwitl/
/əkwtl/ 74
acronym /’akranim/
/krənm/ 85
acupuncturist /’akjupaqkt/orist/
/kjυpŋktʃərst/ 51
acute /a'kju:t/
/əkjut/ 51
51
AD
85
AD /erdi:/
/edi/ 85
addictive /a'diktiv/
/ədktv/ 48
48
additive /'ædativ/
/dətv/ 23
23
87
additive-free 87
/ədres/ 80
80
address /a'dres/
adhère /ad'hia/
adhere
/ədhə/ 36
36
36
adherence /ad'hiarans/
/ədhərəns/ 36
adhèrent /ad'hiarant/
36
adherent
/ədhərənt/ 36
101
adjoining /a'd3oinqj/
/ədɔnŋ/ 101
administration /ad,mini'streiJan/7
/ədmnstreʃən/ 7
admit /ad'mit/
/ədmt/ T0
70
leave66
adoption leave
adoration /,æda'reiJan/
/dəreʃən/ 11
11
adoring /a'do:ri9/
/ədɔrŋ/ 11
53
adverse /'ædva.s/
/dvs/ 53
advocate /'ædvakeit/
/dvəket/ T9
79
affection /a'fekJan/
/əfekʃən/ 11
/əfekʃənət/ 11
affectionate /a'fek{anat/
68
/əfnəti/ 7, 68
affinity /a'finati/
/fluəns/ 40
affluence /'æfluans/
40
/fluənt/ 40
affluent /'æfluant/
40
aforementioned /a'fo:ment(and/
/əfɔmentʃənd/ 101
age-conscious 87
87
age-related 87
71
aggregate (n.) /'agrigat/
/grgət/ 71
aggregate (v.) /'agrigeit/
/grget/ 71
71
,a:nt/ 47
agony aunt /’agoni
/gəni ɑnt/
47
,ko1om/ 47
agony column /'agani
/gəni kɒləm/
78
agree to differ 78
ofits
ahead of
its time 22
Al
56
AI /,ei'ai/
/ea/ 56
AIDS
85
AIDS /eidz/
/edz/ 85
ailing /eili9/
/elŋ/ 45,
45, 53
53
air views 50
airline /'ealain/
/eəlan/ 26
26
anaesthetist /a'ni:s8atist/
/ənisθətst/ 51
51
analogue /'ænalog/
/nəlɒg/ 56
68
analogy /a'næ1adji/
/ənlədi/ 68
28
ancestor /'ænsesta/
/nsestə/ 28
,brakit/ 81
81
angle bracket /'aqgal
/ŋgəl brkt/
Anglo-Saxon /,aqglau'sakson/
/ŋgləυsksən/ 89
32
animal (rescue) shelter 32
32
animal rights activist 32
23
animal welfare 23
annual bonus
bonus66
annual
annut /a'nal/
annul
/ənl/ 43
43
annulment /a'nxlmant/
/ənlmənt/ 43
43
-ant /ant/
87
/ənt/ 87
anthotogy /æn'Bo1adji/
anthology
/nθɒlədi/ 22
22
airtime /'eataim/
/eətam/ 50
50
68
akin /a'kin/
/əkn/ 68
14
alarm /a'1o:m/
/əlɑm/ 14
alarmed /a'1o:md/
/əlɑmd/ 14
14
alarming /a'1o:mi9/
/əlɑmŋ/ 14
16
alcoholic /,m1ka'holik/
/lkəhɒlk/ 16
alibi /'mlibai/
/lba/ 74
74
23
all the
the ingredients of 23
all the
the rage 17
all your born days 60
allegation /,mli'geiJan/
/lgeʃən/ 41, 43
43
allege /a'led3/
/əled/ 43
43
allergic /a'1o:d3ik/
/əldk/ 23, 53
53
allergy /'m1ad3i/
/lədi/ 23
23
alleviate debt 45
all-inclusive holiday 26
26
allocate funds 45
o:l'aut/ 44
all-out /,/ɔlaυt/
44
atlowance /a'laUans/
35
allowance
/əlaυəns/ 35
allude /a'1u:d/
/əlud/ 80
80
12
ally /'ælai/
/la/ 12
atoof /a'1u.f/
10
/əluf/ 10
aloof
'medsan/
alternative medicine /o:l,to:nativ
/ɔltnətv medsən/
51
attruistic /,/ltrustk/
æltru'istik/ 8 8
altruistic
amateur /'æmata/
/mətə/ 16
amber /'æmba/
/mbə/ 65,89
65, 89
ambiguous /æm'bigjuas/
/mbgjuəs/ 79
ambition /æm'biJan/
/mbʃən/ 70
amble /'æmba1/
/mbəl/ 61
and v.) /'æmbuJ/
ambush (n. and
/mbυʃ/ 44
amend /a'mend/
/əmend/ 43
amendment /a'mendmant/
/əmendmənt/ 43
11
amiability /,eimia'bilati/
/emiəbləti/ 11
11
/emiəbəl/ 11
amiable /'eimiaba1/
/mpl/ 59
ample /'æmpl/
an item 19
an
ænas'8i:zia/ 51
51
anaesthesia /,/nəsθiziə/
T6
anticipate /æn'tisipeit/
/ntspet/ 76
anti-corruption squad 35
14
antipathy /æn'tipo6i/
/ntpəθi/ 14
anti-social /,ænti'sauJal/5
anti-social
/ntisəυʃəl/ 5
anti-virus software 48
48
anxious /’æqk/os/
/ŋkʃəs/ 70
apology /a'po1adji/
/əpɒlədi/ T4
74
92
appalling /a'po:1i9/
/əpɔlŋ/ 92
apparent /a'pmrant/
/əprənt/ 70
70
appeal /a'pi:1/
/əpil/ 43
43
13
appease /a'pi:z/
/əpiz/ 13
append /a'pend/
/əpend/ 79
79
29
applause /a'plo:z/
/əplɔz/ 20, 29
appliance /a'plaians/
/əplaəns/ 58
58
8T
applicant /'mplikant/
/plkənt/ 87
approachable /a'prautJabal/
/əprəυtʃəbəl/ 10
T8
approval /a'pru:val/
/əpruvəl/ 78
of 78
approve of
83
approximately /a'proksimat1i/
/əprɒksmətli/ 83
APR
APR /,eipi.'o:/
/epiɑ/ 46
46
arbitrary /'o.bitrari/
/ɑbtrəri/ 79
79
12
arch rival 12
39
archaeologist /,o.ki'olad3ist/
/ɑkiɒlədst/ 39
50
archive /'o:kaiv/
/ɑkav/ 50
arduous /'o.d3uas/
/ɑduəs/ 69
69
arid /'mrid/
/rd/ 28
28
74
armistice /'o:mistis/
/ɑmsts/ 74
armour /'o.ma/
/ɑmə/ 39
39
aromatherapist /a,rauma'8erapist/
/ərəυməθerəpst/ 51
article /'o:tik1/
/ɑtkl/ 1 1
38
articulate (adj.) la:’tikjolot/
/ɑtkjələt/ 38
99
artificial /,o.ti'fiJal/
/ɑtfʃəl/ 99
artificial intelligence /,o.ti,fiJal
/ɑtfʃəl
in'telidjans/ 56
nteldəns/
56
63
as quiet asa
as a mouse 63
asthick
11
as
thick as thieves 11
as things are 82
82
ASAP /,eiesei'pi./
85
/eesepi/ 85
English Vocabulary
Vocabulory in
inUse
English
Use Advanced
Advanced
277
277
ashes la/iz/
/ʃz/ 15
aspiration /,aspor’ei/an/
70
aspiration
/spəreʃən/ 70
assemble /a'sembal/
/əsembəl/ 55
72
assent /a’sent/
/əsent/ 72
80
assert /a'so:t/
/əst/ 80
assess /a'ses/
/əses/ 11
risk7 7
assessment of
of risk
assignment /a'sainmant/
/əsanmənt/ 11
association /a,sou/i'ei/an/
/əsəυʃieʃən/ 96
96
81
asterisk /’astarisk/
/stərsk/ 81
asthma /'as6ma/
/sθmə/ 53
astute /a’stju:t/8
/əstjut/ 8
97
asylum /a'saiIam/
/əsaləm/ 35, 97
asylum-seeker 35
ataa rate of knots 60
60
at short notice 60
76
at stake 76
at your earliest convenience 101
ATM
ATM /,eiti:'em/
/etiem/ 46
46
atmospheric /,ætmas'ferik/
/tməsferk/ 37
attachment /a'tætJmant/
/əttʃmənt/ 48
101
attain /a'tein/
/əten/ 101
attempt /a'tempt/
/ətempt/ 97
17
attire /a'taia/
/ətaə/ 17
attribute (to) /a'tribju:t/
/ətrbjut/ 36
36
65
auburn /'o:ban/
/ɔbən/ 65
auction /’o:k/an/7
/ɔkʃən/ 7
20
audition /o:'di/an/
/ɔdʃən/ 20
authorise /’o:6araiz/
/ɔθəraz/ 72
72
79
authoritative /o:'6DritatiV/
/ɔθɒrtətv/ 79
88
auto- /’o:tau/
/ɔtəυ/ 88
34
availability /a,veila'bilati/
/əveləbləti/ 34
14
averse /a'vo:s/
/əvs/ 14
14
aversion /a'vo:Jan/
/əvʃən/ 14
90
avoid /a'void/
/əvɔd/ 90
avoidable /a'voidaba1/
/əvɔdəbəl/ 87
87
20
award /a'wo:d/
/əwɔd/ 20
award custody to 43
27
awe-inspiring l'a:inspaiari9/
/ɔnspaərŋ/ 27
,kopi/ 50
50
back copy /'bæk
/bk kɒpi/
back door 30
back on your feet 52
52
back up 98
back-handed /,bæk'hændid/
/bkhndd/ 75
backlog /'bæk1og/
/bklɒg/ 34
6i
backward steps 61
bad language
Language /,bæd
'læpgwidj/ 76
bad
/bd lŋgwd/
17
baggy /'bægi/
/bgi/ 17
of 82
bags of
batd /bo:Id/
25
/bɔld/ 25
bald
ballpark figure 71
71
ban /bæn/
/bn/ 25
ban
/bnd/ 35
banned /bænd/
278
278
banned goods 35
bar /bo:/
72
bar
/bɑ/ 72
ga'lo:/ 49
bargains galore /'bo:ginz
/bɑgnz gəlɔ/
49
on 67
based on
67
basis /'beisis/
/bess/ 67
battery farming 23
battle /'bætl/
/btl/ 44
44
BC /,bi:'si:/
BC
/bisi/ 85
85
BCE /,bi:si:'i:/
BCE
/bisii/ 85
85
be a a law
law unto oneself 43
be
43
be at death’s
death's door 15
be
94
be down in the
the dumps 94
bedown
94
be
down in the
the mouth 94
be fedup
fed up with 73
be forced to conclude 80
be in accord with 78
be in your element 94
16
be into 16
be looking up
up 94
be
be made for94
be
for 94
bemost
73
be
most unsatisfactory 73
be not at all satisfied about something 73
be
be on bad terms 12
on cloud nine 94
be on
on the ball 93
93
be on
be on
on top
be
top of the
the world 94
on your last legs 15
15
be on
be over the moon 94
be
94
beproactive
19
be
proactive 19
be sick of 73
be
73
be somebody's
be
somebody’s guest 24
be the toast of 75
75
be up
up and
and running 94
be
62
beam /bi:m/
/bim/ 62
bedridden /'bed,ridan/
/bedrdən/ 87
87
85
bedsit /'bedsit/
/bedst/ 85
bedtime reading 22
22
beep your horn 25
behind closed doors 30
behind someone's
someone’s back 12
beige /bei$/
/be/ 65
65
law 43
bend the
the law
bend the
the rules 43
43
benefit /'benifit/6
/benft/ 6
package33
benefits package
15
bequeath /b+'kwi:d/
/bkwið/ 15
bequest /bi’kwest/
/bkwest/ 15
15
bereaved /bi’ri:vd/
/brivd/ 15
berth lbs:6/
/bθ/ 26
26
100
/bsid/ 44,
besiege /bi'si:d3/
44, 100
11
/bsɒtd/ 11
besotted (with) /bi’sotid/
101
/bstəυ/ 101
bestow /bi’stau/
bet /bet/ 76
bet
76
English Vocabulary
Vocabulary in
in Use
Use Advanced
English
Advanced
betyour
76
bet
your life 76
better off
off22
better
of 80
beyond thescope
the scope of
37
bi-centenary /,baisen'ti:nari/
/basentinəri/ 37
bicker /'bika/
/bkə/ 84
84
bid /bid/?
/bd/ 7
bidder /'bida/7
/bdə/ 7
bilt /bi1/
bill
/bl/ 41
41
billboard /'bi1bo:d/
billboard
/blbɔd/ 49
49
bio— /'baiau/
88
bio/baəυ/ 88
biodata /'baiau,deita/
/baəυdetə/ 85
85
33
biodiversity /,baiaudai'vo:sati/
/baəυdavsəti/ 33
biomass /'baiau,mms/
/baəυms/ 58
85
biopic /'baiaUpik/
/baəυpk/ 85
56
biotechnology /,baiautek'nolad$i/
/baəυteknɒlədi/ 56
bird sanctuary 32
aa bit (of a) 83
83
a a bit of 82
82
nails9 9
bite your nails
12
bitter rival 12
black /blak/
/blk/ 65
black as thunder 65
black cat 96
96
65
black future 65
’ma:k/ 65
black mark /,blak
/blk mɑk/
’ma:kit/ 65
65
black market /,blak
/blk mɑkt/
ofthefamily
black sheep of
the family 65
65
’tai/ 19
19
black-tie /,blak
/blk ta/
black-and-white 21
blip /blip/
/blp/ 71
71
13
bliss /b1is/
/bls/ 13
13
blissful /'b1isfal/
/blsfəl/ 13
13
blissfully /'b1isfali/
/blsfəli/ 13
blissfully happy 13
blissfully ignorant 13
blissfully unaware 13
'kapitlz/ 81
block capitals /,blok
/blɒk kptlz/
81
bloke /blauk/
/bləυk/ 97
97
,spa:t/ 32
32
blood sport /'b1xd
/bld spɔt/
hotand
93
blow hot
and cold 93
blowy /'blaui/
/bləυi/ 29
29
65
blue /blu:/
/blu/ 65
blue-collar worker 65
Bluetooth 56
56
Bluetooth™
bluey green 65
blurb /blu:b/
/blb/ 22
22
BMI 54
54
BMI
boast /baust/
/bəυst/ 27
27
language44
body language
29
/bɔlŋ/ 29
boiling /boilnj/
81
/bəυld/ 81
bold /bash
66
/bəυlt/ 66
bolt (v.) /bavlt/
/bɒm/ 20
bomb /bom/
bond /bond/
/bɒnd/ 11
bonus /'baunas/
/bəυnəs/ 6, 46
46
boo /bu:/
20
boo
/bu/ 20
booklet /'buk1at/
/bυklət/ 47
47
bookmark /’bukma:k/
/bυkmɑk/ 48
boost the economy 45
confidence44
boost your confidence
borrow /'bDrau/
/bɒrəυ/ 46
46
89
borrowing /'bDrauiQ/
/bɒrəυŋ/ 89
bosom buddies 11
11
bosom friends 11
11
bosom pals 11
bounce /bauns/
/baυns/ 46,48
46, 48
bound to
bound
to 70
70
59
boundary /'baundari/
/baυndəri/ 59
53
/baυəl/ 53
bowel /'baua1/
the
box /boks/
the box
/bɒks/ 97
81
bracket /’brakit/
/brkt/ 81
31
branch /bra:nt//
/brɑntʃ/ 31
ofaa Shop
branch of
shop 31
branch out 31
new directions 31
branch out into new
31
’loialti/7 7
brand loyalty /,brand
/brnd lɔəlti/
breadline /'bredlain/
/bredlan/ 40
40
50
break /breik/
/brek/ 50
breakaa pledge
ptedge 76
break
breakaa promise 76
break
breakaa resolution
resolution 76
break
76
breakaa vow
break
vow 76
12
break down 12
break out
out 90
90
break
breakout /'breikaut/
/brekaυt/ 90
90
breathalyser /'bre0alaiza/
/breθəlazə/ 25, 88
88
new life into 18
18
breathe new
22
breathtaking /’bre0,teikiq/
/breθtekŋ/ 22
breezy /'brl:zi/
/brizi/ 29
29
35
bribery /'braibari/
/brabəri/ 35
briefing /bri:fig/
/brifŋ/ 41
41
93
bright /brait/
/brat/ 93
bring /briq/
/brŋ/ 80
80
bringaa bottle 24
24
bring about 67
54
brisk /brisk/
/brsk/ 54
92
broad summary 92
broadcast journalism 50
50
brochure /'brauJa/
/brəυʃə/ 47
47
broke /brouk/
/brəυk/ 46
46
12
broken home 12
,eid$/ 39
39
Bronze Age
Age /brDnz
/brɒnz ed/
34,48
/braυz/ 34,
browse /brauz/
48
52
/bruz/ 52
bruise /bru:z/
88
/brntʃ/ 88
brunch /brxnt//
up on
on 95
brush up
brusque /bru:sk/
/brusk/ 8, 24
24
brutal suppression 44
bud ibid/
31
bud
/bd/ 31
budding /badiq/
/bdŋ/ 31
31
budget airline 26
26
build (something/someone) up 30
bulk up
up 99
bulk
,point/ 81
81
bullet point /'buIit
/bυlt pɔnt/
bullying /’bu1iiq/2
/bυliŋ/ 2
bump into
into 70
bump
70
12
bumpy relationship 12
bunged up 52
burdensome /’bu:donsom/
/bdənsəm/ 64
101
bureaucratic /,bjuarou'kratilc/
/bjυərəυkrtk/ 101
15
burial /'beriol/
/beriəl/ 15
54
burn calories 54
bursary /'bo:sari/2
/bsəri/ 2
books11
bury yourself in your books
the
27
the bush /bu//
/bυʃ/ 27
,kla:s/ 26
business class /’biznis
/bzns klɑs/
26
business partner 12
bustling /'bxs1iq/
/bslŋ/ 59
59
butter up
up 84
84
butter
byaa factor of 71
71
by
by the
by
the back door 30
cabin /’kabin/
/kbn/ 26
15
caesarean (section) /si'zearian/
/szeəriən/ 15
calcium-rich 87
87
calcium-rich
call off 95
95
calming /ka:miq/
/kɑmŋ/ 16
calorie-conscious 24
24
36,44,93
campaign /kam'pein/
/kmpen/ 36,
44, 93
camping /kampiq/
/kmpŋ/ 26
can't hear yourself think 63
63
can’t
can't put
put (book) down 22
can’t
22
cancel debt 45
cancellation fee 26
26
cancellation
91
capital (adj.) /'kapitl/
/kptl/ 91
capital (n.) /’kapitI/
/kptl/ 91
91
asset77
capital asset
81
capitals /’kapit1z/
/kptlz/ 81
carbon (dioxide) emissions 33
carbon footprint /,ka:bun
'futprlnt/ 58
58
/kɑbən fυtprnt/
51
cardiologist /,ka:di’o1ad$ist/
/kɑdiɒlədst/ 51
cardiovascular /,ka:diau'vaskjala/
/kɑdiəυvskjələ/ 54
career (n.) /ka'ria/6
/kərə/ 6
career (v.) /ko'rio/
/kərə/ 66
66
career-minded 87
career-minded
prospects33
career prospects
32
/kɑnvɔ/ 32
carnivore /'ka:nivo:/
26
/krd/ 26
carriage /'karid$/
carry out
out 33
carry
out research 11
carry out
carry the
the scars of 53
53
cart /ko:t/
/kɑt/ 98
98
'bla:nt// 72
carte blanche /,ka:(r)t
/kɑ(r)t blantʃ/
72
on 93
cast light on
93
74
cast-iron /ka:st
/kɑst aian/
aən/ 74
casual acquaintance 12
17, 95
95
catch on
on 17,
categorise /'katagaraiz/
/ktəgəraz/ 80
67
cause /ko:z/
/kɔz/ 67
39
cavalry /'kmva1ri/
/kvəlri/ 39
si:si:ti:'vi:/ 35
CCTV /,/sisitivi/
35
CE /,/sii/
si:'i:/ 85
CE
85
101
cease /si:s/
/sis/ 101
ceasefire /'si:sfaia/
/sisfaə/ 44,
44, 74
74
30
ceiling /'si:1i9/
/silŋ/ 30
/seləbret/ 37
37
celebrate /'se1abreit/
sela'breiJan/ 37
celebration /,/seləbreʃən/
37
sela'breitari/ 37
37
celebratory /,/seləbretəri/
cement /si'ment/
/sment/ 30
30
centenary /sen'ti:nari/
/sentinəri/ 37
37
cereal /'siaria1/
/səriəl/ 28
28
seri'maunial/ 37
37
ceremonial /,/serməυniəl/
37
ceremony /'serimani/
/serməni/ 37
101
cessation /ses'eiJan/
/seseʃən/ 101
tf. /si:ef/
85
cf.
/sief/ 85
chain brackets 81
81
26
chalet /'Jælei/
/ʃle/ 26
challenge /'tJælind5/
/tʃlnd/ 92
92
21
challenging /'tJælind3ip/
/tʃlndŋ/ 3, 5, 21
the
are 70
the chances are
change trains 26
26
chapter heading 81
38,81
character /'karakta/
/krəktə/ 38,
81
charge to (a credit card) 46
46
chariot /'t/ariot/
/tʃriət/ 39
39
26
charter flight 26
61
chase /t/eis/
/tʃes/ 61
84
chat (away) /t(at/
/tʃt/ 84
,ru:m/ 48
chat room /'t/at
/tʃt rum/
48
chatty /’t(ati/
/tʃti/ 8, 81
81
chauvinistic /,/auvi'nistik/8
/ʃəυvnstk/ 8
check outaa website 92
chestnut /’t(esnxt/
/tʃesnt/ 65
65
17
chic //i:k/
/ʃik/ 17
child labour 55
22
chilling /tJi1qj/
/tʃlŋ/ 22
chilly /'tJili/
/tʃli/ 29
29
chiropractor /'kaiarauprækta/
/kaərəυprktə/ 51
chocahotic /,tJoka'hDlik/
16
chocaholic
/tʃɒkəhɒlk/ 16
54
/kəlestərɒl/ 54
cholesterol /ka'1estarDl/
54
cholesterol-rich 54
69
/tʃɔ/ 16, 69
chore /t/o:/
/krɒnk/ 51
chronic /’kronik/
51
English Vocabulary
Vocabulory in
inUse
English
Use Advanced
Advanced
279
279
22
chronicle /'krDnikl/
/krɒnkl/ 22
29
chuck it down 29
circulation /,so:kja’lei(on/
/skjəleʃən/ 47
47
cite /sait/
/sat/ 80
80
citizen journalism 50
civil disobedience 36
war /,sival
’wo:/ 44
civil war
/svəl wɔ/
44
civilian casualties 44
civilian
44
claim asylum 35
claimant /'k1eimant/
/klemənt/ 87
87
clammy /'klæmi/
/klmi/ 29
29
clamp /klæmp/
/klmp/ 25
clamp down 72
72
101
clarifiable /'k1ærifaiaba1/
/klrfaəbəl/ 101
clarification /,k1ærifi'keJan/
101
clarification
/klrfkeʃən/ 101
101
/klrfa/ 101
clarify /'klærifai/
clash (n.) /k1æJ/
/klʃ/ 44
44
class /k1o:s/
/klɑs/ 40
40
87
class-conscious /'k1o:s,kontJas/
/klɑskɒntʃəs/ 87
89
classical origin 89
classified ad
ad /,klæsifaid
'æd/ 47
classified
/klsfad d/
47
classifieds /'klæsifaidz/
/klsfadz/ 47
47
cleaner /'kli:na/
/klinə/ 99
99
clear customs 35
17
cleavage /'k1i:vid5/
/klivd/ 17
clench your fist9
fist 9
on a a website 92
click on
climate /'k1aimat/
/klamət/ 29
29
33
climate change sceptic 33
climate of change 29
29
climate of distrust 29
climatic change 33
17
clingy /'kli9i/
/klŋi/ 17
51
clinic /'klinik/
/klnk/ 51
19
clique /k1i:k/
/klik/ 19
19
cliquey /kli:ki/
/kliki/ 19
clog /k1Dg/
/klɒg/ 54
54
cloning /klauni9/
/kləυnŋ/ 57
57
29
close /klaus/
/kləυs/ 29
close doors 30
close the
the door on 30
klauzd, sø:kit
closed-circuit television
television /,/kləυzdskt
'telivi3an/ 35
35
telvən/
97
clothing /klaUói9/
/kləυðŋ/ 97
100
cloud /k1aud/
/klaυd/ 100
cloud your judgement 29
clumsy /'klxmzi/
/klmzi/ 21
21
,main/ 58
coal mine /'kaul
/kəυl man/
coal-fired /kaul
58
coal-fired
/kəυl faiad/
faəd/ 58
15
/kɒfn/ 15
coffin /'kDfin/
79
/kəυhərənt/ 79
coherent /kau'hiarant/
87
/kɔn/ 38, 87
coin (v.) /køin/
/kəυnsad/ 78
coincide /,kauin'said/
78
280
280
cold /kauld/
/kəυld/ 29
29
cold-blooded /,kau1d'bladid/
/kəυldbldd/ 32
32
cold calling /'kauld,ko:lay/7
/kəυldkɔlŋ/ 7
cold-hearted /,/kəυldhɑtd/
kauld'ho:tid/ 93
cold-hearted
93
collaboration /ka,1æba'reiJan/5
collaboration
/kəlbəreʃən/ 5
12
colleague /'kD1i:g/
/kɒlig/ 12
98
college /'kolid3/
/kɒld/ 98
collocation /,kolau'keiJan/
collocation
/kɒləυkeʃən/ 92
92
21
colourful /'ka1afal/
/kləfəl/ 21
column inches 50
com- /'kom/
/kɒm/ 86
come across 95
95
andgo
asyouplease
come and
go as
you please 26
26
come down with 52
come off 95
95
outofrecession
45
come out
of recession 45
come over 95
come under 95
hammer77
come under the hammer
95
come up 95
95
come up against 95
againstaa brick wall 30
30
come up against
commemorate /ka'memareit/
/kəmeməret/ 37
commence /ka'mens/
/kəmens/ 101
commencement /ka'mensmant/
/kəmensmənt/ 101
86
commiserate /ka'mizareit/
/kəmzəret/ 86
commit perjury 43
43
committee /ka'mrti/
/kəmti/ 41
41
committee stage 41
41
communication skills 3 3
communication
community-led 87
community-led
compact /kam'pækt/
/kəmpkt/ 59
comparable /'kDmparabal/
/kɒmpərəbəl/ 68
comparative /kam'pærativ/
/kəmprətv/ 68
compelling /kam'pe1qj/
/kəmpelŋ/ 22
competitive salary3
salary 3
complain /kam'plein/
/kəmplen/ 73
complaint /kam'pleint/
/kəmplent/ 73
73
79,90
complement /'kDmpliment/
/kɒmplment/ 79,
90
complementary medicine
/,kDmp1i,mentari
'medsan/ 51
/kɒmplmentəri medsən/
12
complete loyalty 12
complete wind-up 84
complex /'kDmp1eks/
/kɒmpleks/ 69
compliment /'kDmp1iment/
/kɒmplment/ 75,90
75, 90
component /kam'paunant/
/kəmpəυnənt/ 55
composition /,kompa'ziJan/1
/kɒmpəzʃən/ 1
79
comprehensive /,kompri'hensiv/
/kɒmprhensv/ 2, 79
comprise /kam'praiz/
/kəmpraz/ 80
/kɒmprəmaz/ 78
compromise /'kompramaiz/
compulsive reading 22
TO
/kəmplsəri/ 70
compulsory /kam'pa1sari/
redundancy66
compulsory redundancy
English Vocabulary
Vocabulary in
in Use
Use Advanced
English
Advanced
computer jargon 38
38
con- /kDn/
/kɒn/ 86
10
conceited /kan'si:tid/
/kənsitd/ 10
79
conceive /kan'si:v/
/kənsiv/ 15, 79
concept /'kDnsept/
/kɒnsept/ 89
89
conception /kan'sepJan/
/kənsepʃən/ 15
concession /kan'seJan/
/kənseʃən/ 78
78
13
conciliate /kan'silieit/
/kənsliet/ 13
78
concur /kan'ko:/
/kənk/ 78
condition /kan'diJan/
/kəndʃən/ 51, 53
53
15,86
condolence /kan'daølans/
/kəndəυləns/ 15,
86
condone /kan'daun/
/kəndəυn/ 72
conduct (n.) /'kDndakt/
/kɒndkt/ 41
70
confess /kan'fes/
/kənfes/ 70
resolution 44
conflict resolution
44
/kənfɔm/ 78
conform /kan'fo:ml
86
congeal /kan'd3i:1/
/kəndil/ 86
64
congealed /kan'd3i:ld/
/kəndild/ 64
59
congested /kan'd5estid/
/kəndestd/ 59
congestion 25
congestion charge 25
coniferous /kau'nifaras/
/kəυnfərəs/ 28
28
connotation /,kDnaJteiJan/
connotation
/kɒnəυteʃən/ 96
conquer /'ko9ka/
/kɒŋkə/ 42
42
conquest /'ko9kwest/
/kɒŋkwest/ 39
conscience /kDnȚ0ns/
/kɒnʃəns/ 7T
77
conscientious /,konJi'enJas/
/kɒnʃienʃəs/ 10
-conscious /'kDnJas/
/kɒnʃəs/ 87
87
consequence /'kDnsikwans/
/kɒnskwəns/ 89
conservative /kan'so:vativ/
/kənsvətv/ 71
71
11
considerate /kan'sidarat/
/kənsdərət/ 11
consideration /kan,sidar'eiJan/
11
consideration
/kənsdəreʃən/ 11
80
consist /kan'sist/
/kənsst/ 80
constituency /kan'stitJuansi/
/kənsttʃuənsi/ 41
41
constituent /kan'stitJuant/
/kənsttʃuənt/ 41
41
constitute /'konstitJu:t/
/kɒnsttʃut/ 42
42
constitution /,kDnsti'tJu:Jan/
constitution
/kɒnsttʃuʃən/ 41
41
consume /kan'sju:m/
/kənsjum/ 58
consumption /kan'sampJan/
consumption
/kənsmpʃən/ 58,97
58, 97
contact details 48
48
contactless 46
46
33,86
contaminate /kan'tæmineit/
/kəntmnet/ 33,
86
contestant /kan'testant/
/kəntestənt/ 87
87
38,40
context /'kontekst/
/kɒntekst/ 38,
40
90
continually /kan'tinjuali/
/kəntnjuəli/ 90
continuing education 22
continuously /kan'tinjuas1i/
/kəntnjuəsli/ 90
90
79
contradict /,kontra'dikt/
/kɒntrədkt/ 79
contravene /,kontra'vi:n/
/kɒntrəvin/ 43
43
contravention /,kontra'ventJan/
/kɒntrəventʃən/ 43
contravention
43
78
/kɒntrəvsi/ 78
controversy /'kontravo:si/
,fu:d/ 23
/kənviniəns fud/
convenience food /kan'vi:nians
23
/kənventʃənəl/ 5S
conventional /kan'ventJana1/
55
converse /'kDnvo:s/
/kɒnvs/ 79, 86, 97
97
conversion /kan'vo:Jam
/kənvʃən/ 36
convert (to) (n.) /'konvu:t/
/kɒnvt/ 36
36
36
convert (v.) /kan’vu:t/
/kənvt/ 36
conviction /kan'vik/an/
/kənvkʃən/ 43
convoluted /'kDnvalu:tid/
convoluted
/kɒnvəlutd/ 69
upaa story 23
cook up
23
cooker /’kuka/
/kυkə/ 98
98
cookie /'kuki/
/kυki/ 48
48
copy /'kD}3i/
/kɒpi/ 50
50
81
copy and paste 81
copy out 81
65
coral /'kDral/
/kɒrəl/ 65
39
coronation /,kDra'neiJan/
/kɒrəneʃən/ 39
71
correlation /,kDra'leiJan/
/kɒrəleʃən/ 71
68
/kɒrspɒnd/ 68
correspond /,kDri'spDnd/
corruption /ka'rxpJan/
corruption
/kərpʃən/ 35
cost-cutting exercise 55
55
87
costly /'kDstli/
/kɒstli/ 87
cot /kot/
cot
/kɒt/ 89
89
couch potato /,kaut/
/kaυtʃ po'teitau/
pətetəυ/ 16
could hearaa pin drop 63
i,steit/ 18
18
council estate /'kaunso1
/kaυnsəl stet/
,hauziq/ 18
council housing /’kaunsgl
/kaυnsəl haυzŋ/
24
count the calories 24
countenance /’kauntanans/
/kaυntənəns/ 72
counterpart /’kauntapa:t/
/kaυntəpɑt/ 55
98
course /ko:s/
/kɔs/ 98
62
courteous /’ku:tias/
/ktiəs/ 24, 62
62
courtesy /'ko:tasi/
/ktəsi/ 62
cover (n.) /'kxvo/
/kvə/ 20
20
cover (v.) /'kxvo/
/kvə/ 46, 47
47
letter3 3
cover/covering letter
coverage /'kxvarid$/
/kvərd/ 47, 50
50
13
covet /'kavit/
/kvt/ 13
96
cowboy /'kauboi/
/kaυbɔ/ 96
cowboy builder 96
96
crackdown /'krmkdaun/
/krkdaυn/ 100
59
cram /krmm/
/krm/ 1, 59
cramped /krmmpt/
/krmpt/ 59
crash /krmJ/
/krʃ/ 63
13
crave /kreiv/
/krev/ 13
66, 75
crawl /kro:1/
/krɔl/ 66,
75
crawter /kro:la/
crawler
/krɔlə/ 75
75
100
crazed /kreizd/
/krezd/ 100
creak /kri:k/
/krik/ 63
63
credible /'kredaba1/
/kredəbəl/ 36
36
credit card fraud 46
46
creek /kri:k/
/krik/ 98
98
66
/krip/ 66
creep /kri:p/
/krmeʃən/ 15
cremation /kri'meiJan/
/kremətɔriəm/ 15
crematorium /,kremo'to:riam/
crime-related 87
87
crime-related
crime-ridden 87
crime-ridden
87
crimson /'krimzan/
/krmzən/ 65
criteria /krai'tiaria/4
/kratəriə/ 4
12
critical /'kritikl/
/krtkl/ 12
cross /krDS/
/krɒs/ 41
41
cross departmental boundary 41
legs99
cross your legs
crossing /krDsnj/
/krɒsŋ/ 26
26
crosswalk /'kroswo:k/
/krɒswɔk/ 98
crowd /kraud/
/kraυd/ 19
79
crucial /'kru:Jal/
/kruʃəl/ 79
truise /kru:z/
26
cruise
/kruz/ 26
trush /krxJ/
100
crush
/krʃ/ 100
21
Cubist /'kju:bist/
/kjubst/ 21
17
cufflink /'kxf1njk/
/kflŋk/ 17
/kltʃərəl/ 29
29
cultural /'kx1tJara1/
vxltJa/ 16
16
culture vulture /'kaltJa,
/kltʃə vltʃə/
cumbersome /'kambasam/
/kmbəsəm/ 64
cunning /'kxnTq/8
/knŋ/ 8
81
curly brackets 81
29
current /’kxrant/
/krənt/ 29
curriculum /ka'rikja1am/
/kərkjələm/ 22
curriculum reform 22
custody /'kxstadi/
/kstədi/ 43
43
customary /'kastamari/
/kstəməri/ 42
42
customer-facing33
customer-facing
customs declaration form 35
cutand
and pest/
'peist/ 81
cut
and paste /,kxt
/kt ənd
81
and bruises 52
cuts and
52
eds/ 55
cutting-edge /kxtiq
/ktŋ ed/
cyber— /saiba/
88
cyber/sabə/ 88
cybercrime /'saibakraim/
/sabəkram/ 35
saiba'terarizam/ 35
cyberterrorism /,/sabəterərzəm/
saiba'wo:fea/ 35
cyberwarfare /,/sabəwɔfeə/
35
16
dabbler /'dmbla/
/dblə/ 16
damage /'dmmid3/
/dmd/ 33
damn someone with faint praise 75
75
90
damp /dmmp/
/dmp/ 90
100
danger /'deind5a/
/dendə/ 100
66
dart (v.) /da:t/
/dɑt/ 66
dash (n.) ldc//
/dʃ/ 83
dash (v.) ldc//
/dʃ/ 66
21
dauber /'do:ba/
/dɔbə/ 21
66
dawdle /'do:dal/
/dɔdəl/ 66
39
dawn /do:n/
/dɔn/ 39
day Shift5
day
shift 5
21
dazzling /'dmz1nj/
/dzlŋ/ 21
de- /,di:/
/di/ 88
88
dead-end /,ded'end/5
/dedend/ 5
50
/dedlan/ 1, 5, 50
deadline /'dedlain/
63
deafening /'defni9/
/defnŋ/ 63
deal with 80
,ko:d/ 46
/debt kɑd/
debit card /'debit
46
debt /det/ 45
debt
45
debt burden 45
debt relief 45
45
debtor country 45
debtor nation 45
45
101
deceased /di’si:st/
/dsist/ 15, 101
28
deciduous /di’sidjuas/
/dsdjuəs/ 28
61
decisive steps 61
79
deduce /di'd$u:s/
/ddus/ 79
deem /di:ml
/dim/ 21
21
deep poverty 45
12
deeply critical 12
deeply rooted 31
31
ofcharacter
50
defamation of
character 50
deforestation /di:,fDri'steiJan/
deforestation
/difɒrsteʃən/ 33
33
13
/difjuz/ 13
defuse /,di:'fju:z/
14
dejected /di'd3ektid/
/ddektd/ 14
delegate /'deligeit/
/delget/ 42
42
delicate /'delikat/
/delkət/ 42
42
delighted /di'1aitid/
70
delighted
/dlatd/ 70
15
deliver /di'1iva/
/dlvə/ 15
15
delivery /di'1ivari/
/dlvəri/ 15
deluge /'delju:d3/
/deljud/ 29
29
26
deluxe /di'1xks/
/dlks/ 26
dementia /di'menJa/
/dmenʃə/ 15
33
demographic projections 33
101
demolish /di'moliJ/
/dmɒlʃ/ 101
demonstrate /'demanstreit/
/demənstret/ 79
demotivated /,di:'mautiveitid/6
/diməυtvetd/ 6
denial /di'naia1/
/dnaəl/ 40
40
denote /di'naut/
/dnəυt/ 79
79
depict /di'pikt/
/dpkt/ 21
21
deplete /di'pli:t/
/dplit/ 33
33
33
depleting resources 33
deposit /di'pDzit/
/dpɒzt/ 58
58
depress /di'pres/2
/dpres/ 2
92
depressed /di'prest/
/dprest/ 92
deprivation /,depri'veiJan/
deprivation
/deprveʃən/ 40
40
deprived /di'praivd/
/dpravd/ 40
40
36
derive (from) /di'raiv/
/drav/ 36
51
dermatologist /,do:ma'tDlSd3ist/
/dmətɒlədst/ 51
28
descend (from) /di'send/
/dsend/ 28
descendant /di'sendant/
/dsendənt/ 28
28
designer (label) clothes 17
designer baby 57
desire /di'zaia/
/dzaə/ 70
70
desktop /'desktop/
/desktɒp/ 56
destiny /'destini/
/destni/ 57
57
destitute /'destitJu:t/
/desttʃut/ 40
40
desti'tJu:Jan/ 40
destitution /,/desttʃuʃən/
40
35
/dtekt/ 35
detect /di'tekt/
detector dogs 35
70
/dtmnd/ 70
determined /di'tu:mind/
English Vocabulary
Vocabulary in
inUse
English
Use Advanced
Advanced
281
281
determined effort 45
determined
45
devaluation /,/divljueʃən/
di:vm1ju'eiJan/ 45
devaluation
45
devalue /,di:'vmlju:/
/divlju/ 45
45
devastated /'devasteitid/
/devəstetd/ 14
12
develop /di'velap/
/dveləp/ 12
developed 28
developing 28
development grant 45
45
deviate from the norm 71,79
71, 79
daia'bi:ti:z/ 54
54
diabetes /,/daəbitiz/
54
diabetic /,daia'betik/
/daəbetk/ 54
diagnose /'daiagnauz/
/daəgnəυz/ 53
diamond /'daiamand/
/daəmənd/ 96
diamond brackets 81
81
dietary requirements 24
68
/dfərentʃiet/ 68
differentiate /,difa'rentJieit/
69
difficulty /'difika1ti/
/dfkəlti/ 69
10
diffident /'difidant/
/dfdənt/ 10
up 31
dig up
31
56
digital /'did3itl/
/ddtl/ 56
digital technology 56
dignity /'dignati/
/dgnəti/ 40
40
69
dilemma /di'lema/
/dlemə/ 69
diligent /'di1id3ant/8
/dldənt/ 8
64
dilute /dai'1u:t/
/dalut/ 64
dim /dim/
dim
/dm/ 93
,po:ti/ 24
24
dinner party /'dina
/dnə pɑti/
38
diphthong /'dif8DQ/
/dfθɒŋ/ 38
diplomacy /di'plaumasi/
/dpləυməsi/ 44
44
'debit/ 46
direct debit /di,rekt
/drekt debt/
46
26
direct train 26
discerning /di'so:nqj/
/dsnŋ/ 27
27
discord /'disko:d/
/dskɔd/ 12, 78
78
discount /di'skaunt/
/dskaυnt/ 49
49
discourteous /di'sko:tias/
/dsktiəs/ 62
62
discrepancy /di'skrepansi/
/dskrepənsi/ 71
71
discrete /di'skri:t/
/dskrit/ 68
68
78
discretion /di'skreJan/
/dskreʃən/ 78
discriminate /di'skrimineit/
/dskrmnet/ 43
43
skrimi'neiJan/ 43
discrimination /di,
/dskrmneʃən/
10
disdainful /dis'deinfa1/
/dsdenfəl/ 10
56
disease-resistant 56
92
disgusting /dis'gastnj/
/dsgstŋ/ 92
12
dishonest /di'sonist/
/dsɒnst/ 12
20
disjointed /dis'd3ointid/
/dsdɔntd/ 20
12
disloyal /di's1oial/
/dslɔəl/ 12
12
disloyalty /di'sloialti/
/dslɔəlti/ 12
92
dismal /'dizmal/
/dzməl/ 92
disorder /di'so:da/
/dsɔdə/ 53
53
so:rian'teiJan/ 53
53
/dsɔriənteʃən/
disorientation /di,
68
/dspərət/ 68
disparate /'disparat/
/dsptʃ/ 34
dispatch /di'spmtJ/
34
/dspəυzəbəl/ 87
disposable /di'spauzabal/
282
282
12
disrespect /,disri'spekt/
/dsrspekt/ 12
12
disrespectful /,disri'spektfal/
/dsrspektfəl/ 12
25
disruption /dis'rapJan/
/dsrpʃən/ 25
78
dissent /di'sent/
/dsent/ 78
dissertation /,/dsəteʃən/
disa'teiJan/ 11
dissertation
68
dissimilar /,dis'simila/
/dssmlə/ 68
87
distant /'distant/
/dstənt/ 12, 87
92
distasteful /di'steistfal/
/dstestfəl/ 92
68
distinct /di'stnjkt/
/dstŋkt/ 68
68
distinctive /di'sti9ktiv/
/dstŋktv/ 68
68
distinguish /di'stnjgwiJ/
/dstŋgwʃ/ 68
distort /di'sto:t/
/dstɔt/ 79
79
distraction /di'strmkJan/
distraction
/dstrkʃən/ 22
14
distraught /di'stro:t/
/dstrɔt/ 14
14
distress /di'stres/
/dstres/ 14
14
/dstrest/ 14
distressed /di'strest/
14
distressing /di'stresqj/
/dstresŋ/ 14
distrustful /di'strxstfal/8
/dstrstfəl/ 8
68
diverge /dai'vo:d3/
/davd/ 68
divergent /dai'vo:d3ant/
/davdənt/ 68
68
diverse /dai'vo:s/
/davs/ 68
68
diversify /dai'vo:sifai/
/davsfa/ 68
divert /dai'vo:t/
/davt/ 25
25
78
division /di'vi$an/
/dvən/ 78
dizzy /'dizi/
/dzi/ 52
52
do honours 98
do
do lunch 19
do
do out 90
do
do research 11
do
do some revision 11
do
do something about something 73
do
homework44
do your homework
32
docile /'dausai1/
/dəυsal/ 32
docudrama /'dDkju,dro:ma/
/dɒkjudrɑmə/ 88
15
doddery /'dDdari/
/dɒdəri/ 15
dodo /'daudau/
/dəυdəυ/ 32
dog's life 18,
18, 96
96
dog’s
dogged /dogid/8
/dɒgd/ 8
dogmatic /dog'mmtik/
/dɒgmtk/ 88
doÜed up 17
dolled
dollop /'dDlap/
/dɒləp/ 83
83
domesticated /da'mestikeitid/
/dəmestketd/ 32
don't bet on
on it 76
don’t
76
the
62
the done thing 62
1T
done up tothenines
to the nines 17
doodle /'du:da1/
/dudəl/ 81
81
doomsday scenario 57
57
30
door ldc:/
/dɔ/ 30
double /'dxba1/
/dbəl/ 81
81
dxba1'dip/ 45
double-dip /,/dbəldp/
45
double-edged /,/dbəledd/
dxba1'ed5d/ 75
double-edged
/dv/ 96
dove /dxv/
14,48
/daυn/ 14,
down /daun/
48
English Vocabulary
Vocabulary in
in Use
Use Advanced
English
Advanced
down to
to 41
41
daun'laud/ 48
download /,/daυnləυd/
downpour /'daunpo:/
/daυnpɔ/ 29
29
69
downside /'daunsaid/
/daυnsad/ 69
down-to-earth /,dauntu'o:8/
/daυntuθ/ 88
of 82
dozens of
and v.) /dro:ft/
draft (n. and
/drɑft/ 81
81
71
drastic /'dræstik/
/drstk/ 71
drastic measures 57
drawaa veil over 17
21
dreary /'driari/
/drəri/ 21
,kaud/ 17
dress code /'dres
/dres kəυd/
dress-down day 17
dressed up
up 17
17
dressed
91
drill (n.) /dril/
/drl/ 91
/drŋkdravŋ/ 25
25
drink-driving /,driqk’draiviq/
drop out1
drop
out 1
drought /draut/
/draυt/ 28
28
25
drug-driving 25
drug squad 35
drum your fingers9
fingers 9
dull ache 52
dumpster /’dampsta/
/dmpstə/ 98
du ration /d3ua'reiJan/
duration
/dυəreʃən/ 53, 60
60
on 95
dwell on
dynamic /dai'næmik/6
/danmk/ 6
39
dynasty /'dinasti/
/dnəsti/ 39
e- /i:/
/i/ 86
86
85
e.g. /,i:'dvi:/
/idi/ 85
70
eager /'i:gr/
/igə/ 70
21
earnest /'o:nist/
/nst/ 21
98
earth la:6/
/θ/ 98
ease debt 45
e—book /'i:buk/
e-book
/ibυk/ 48
48
e—cigarette 86
e-cigarette
86
86
eco- /'i:kau/
/ikəυ/ 86
eco-city 86
86
86
eco-friendly 86
ecological balance 33
86
e-commerce /'i:,komo:s/
/ikɒms/ 48, 86
economic /,i:ka'nomik/
/ikənɒmk/ 29
29
economic growth 45
,km:s/ 26
economy class /i'kDnami
/ikɒnəmi klɑs/
26
ecotourism /'i:kaU,tuarizam/
/ikəυtυərzəm/ 27
27
eco—warrior 86
eco-warrior
86
13
ecstatic /ik'stmtik/
/ksttk/ 13
ed.leds. 85
ed./eds.
85
editorial /,edi'to:rial/
/edtɔriəl/ 47
47
eerie /'iari/
/əri/ 63
63
10
/fjusv/ 10
effusive /i'fju:siv/
86
/idekt/ 86
eject /i'd3ekt/
e-learning /i:
/i In:ni9/
lnŋ/ 48
48
65
electric /i'lektrik/
/ilektrk/ 65
electronic transfer 46
46
98
elementary /,eli'mentari/
/elmentəri/ 98
elitism /i'1i:tizam/
/ilitzəm/ 2 2
eloquent /'e1akwant/
/eləkwənt/ 38
38
embargo /im'bo:gas/
/mbɑgəυ/ 45
embezzle /im'bezal/
/mbezəl/ 43
43
embezzlement /im'beza1mant/
/mbezəlmənt/ 43
embezzler /im'bezla/
/mbezlə/ 43
43
embrace /im'breis/
/mbres/ 80
80
embryo /'embriau/
/embriəυ/ 15
65
emerald /'emarald/
/emərəld/ 65
emerge from recession 45
45
emigrant /'emigrant/
/emgrənt/ 28
86
emit /i'mit/
/imt/ 86
empire /'empaia/
/empaə/ 39
/mprkl/ 79
79
empirical /im'pirik1/
employ /im'ploi/
/mplɔ/ 97
97
-en /an/
-en
/ən/ 8T
87
encore /'D{}ko'/
20
encore
/ɒŋkɔ/ 20
encouraging sign 45
45
encyclopedia /in,saik1a'pi:dia/
/nsakləpidiə/ 22
22
end up
up 90
90
end
endangered species 33
101
endeavour /in'deva/
/ndevə/ 97, 101
endorse /in'do:s/
/ndɔs/ 72
72
endowment /in’daumant/2
/ndaυmənt/ 2
58
energy /'enad$i/
/enədi/ 58
58
energy-efficient 58
35
enforce /in'fo:s/
/nfɔs/ 35
22
engaging /in’geid$iq/
/ngedŋ/ 22
enigmatic /,enig’mztik/
/engmtk/ 22
enough is enough 73
89
enrich /in’rit(/
/nrtʃ/ 89
35
entry regulations 35
environmental audit 41
41
57
envisage /Tn’vizid$/
/nvzd/ 57
epitomise /i’pitamaiz/
/ptəmaz/ 80
80
eponymous /i’ponimas/
/pɒnməs/ 22
opportunity22
equality of opportunity
68
equate /I'kweit/
/kwet/ 68
36
eradicate /i’radikeit/
/rdket/ 36
eradicate poverty 45
45
’ri:do/ 56,
86
e-reader /i:
/i ridə/
56, 86
ergonomically designed 49,56
49, 56
ergonomics /,u:go’nomiks/
/gənɒmks/ 56
erron
71
err
on the side of caution 71
71
erratic /i'ratik/
/rtk/ 71
escalate /’esko1eit/
/eskəlet/ 44
44
escape the crowds 27
/ese/ 1 1
essay /’esei/
70
/sentʃəl/ 70
essential /i'sent/al/
establish /i’stabli//
/stblʃ/ 42
establish
42
et al.
al. 85
85
et
ethnic /'e8nik/
/eθnk/ 44
44
'klenzqj/ 44
ethnic cleansing /,e8nik
/eθnk klenzŋ/
44
62
etiquette /'etiket/
/etket/ 62
EU /,i:'ju:/
85
EU
/iju/ 85
101
evacuate /i'vækjueit/
/vkjuet/ 101
90
evade /i'veid/
/ved/ 90
28
evergreen /'evagri:n/
/evəgrin/ 28
22
evocative /i'vDkativ/
/vɒkətv/ 21, 22
exaggerate /ig'zæd3areit/
/gzdəret/ 84
84
exaggeration /ig,
zæd3ar'eiJan/ 84
exaggeration
/gzdəreʃən/
35, 53
exceed /ik'si:d/
/ksid/ 35,
53
35
exceed the speed limit 35
excel /ik'sel/2
/ksel/ 2
19
exchange /iks'tJeind3/
/kstʃend/ 19
exchange vows 76
10
/ksatəbəl/ 10
excitable /ik'saitabal/
exclusive /iks'klu:siv/
/ksklusv/ 50
50
excrement /'ekskramant/
/ekskrəmənt/ 53
excuse /ik'skju:s/
/kskjus/ 74
74
78
exercise discretion 78
33
exert pressure on
on 33
exhaust emissions 25
exhausted /ig'zo:stid/
/gzɔstd/ 92
92
exonerate /ig’zonareit/
/gzɒnəret/ 74
74
26
exotic /rg’zotik/
/gzɒtk/ 26
15
expecting /ik'spekti9/
/kspektŋ/ 15
71
expenditure /ik'spenditJa/
/kspendtʃə/ 71
expertise /,ekspo:'ti:z/
/eksptiz/ 41
41
expire /ik'spaia/
/kspaə/ 46
46
expiry date 46
explanation /,ekspla'neiJan/
74
explanation
/ekspləneʃən/ 74
39
explorer /ik'sp1o:ra/
/ksplɔrə/ 39
expound /ik'spaund/
/kspaυnd/ 80
80
exquisite /ik'skwizit/
/kskwzt/ 21
21
59
extensive /ik'stensiv/
/kstensv/ 59
extinct /ik'sti9kt/
/kstŋkt/ 32
32
T5
extol the
the benefits of something 75
extol the
the virtues of something 75
extras /'ekstraz/
26
/ekstrəz/ 26
extraterrestriat being 57
extraterrestrial
extravagant /ik'strævagant/8
/kstrvəgənt/ 8
extreme poverty 40
40
10
extrovert /'ekstravo:t/
/ekstrəvt/ 10
13
exultant /ig'za1tant/
/gzltənt/ 13
eyeglasses l'angle:siz/
/aglɑsz/ 97
97
fabric /'fæbrik/
17
/fbrk/ 17
facial recognition technology 35
facilitate /fa'si1iteit/
101
/fəsltet/ 101
facilitating /fa'siliteitnj/
101
/fəsltetŋ/ 101
facilitation
sili'teiJan/ 101
101
/fəslteʃən/
facilitation /fa,
fade /feid/
31
/fed/ 31
fair (adj. and
and n.) /fea/
/feə/ 91
91
fair trade /,fea
'treid/ 23
/feə tred/
23
faithful /'fei6foI/
11
/feθfəl/ 11
faithfulness /'fei6falnas/
11
/feθfəlnəs/ 11
fall /fo:I/
/fɔl/ 37
37
fall head over heels in love 11
11
fall into place 94
94
false /fo:Is/
/fɔls/ 92
92
false friend /,fo:Is
'frend/ 89
89
/fɔls frend/
family doctor /,famaIi
'dokta/ 51
/fməli dɒktə/
51
family feud 12
family ties 11
11
fanatic /fa'nmtik/
36
/fəntk/ 36
fanatical /fa'nmtik1/
36
/fəntkl/ 36
fanaticism /fa'nmtisizam/
/fəntszəm/ 36
fancyddress
ress /,fmnsi
'dres/ 19
19
/fnsi dres/
FAQ /,efei'kju:/
85
FAQ
/efekju/ 34, 85
far-fetched /,fo:'fetJt/
20
/fɑfetʃt/ 20
fast /fo:st/
/fɑst/ 92
92
fast-moving 66
fast-paced 33
fatality /fa'tæloti/
15
/fətləti/ 15
fatuous /'fætjuas/
92
/ftjuəs/ 92
faucet /'fo:sit/
/fɔst/ 98
98
fault-finding 73
73
feast /fi:st/
37
/fist/ 37
feasting /fi:stnj/
/fistŋ/ 37
37
feature /'fi:Ua/
/fitʃə/ 47
47
features /'fi:tJaz/
/fitʃəz/ 37
37
feedback /'fi:dbæk/
/fidbk/ 11
feel blue 65
feel on
on top
top of the
the world 13
feel strongly 92
92
female /'fi:meil/
/fimel/ 99
99
feminine /'feminin/
/femnn/ 99
99
ferry /'feri/
/feri/ 26
26
fertilisation
15
fertilisation /,fo:tilai'zeiJan/
/ftlazeʃən/ 15
fertilise /'fo:tilaiz/
15
/ftlaz/ 15
fertility drugs 15
festival /'festival/
37
/festvəl/ 37
festive /'festiv/
37
/festv/ 37
festivity /fes'tivati/
37
/festvəti/ 37
feud /fju:d/
12
/fjud/ 12
fever /'fi:va/
53
/fivə/ 53
fever pitch /'fi:va
,pitJ/ 53
53
/fivə ptʃ/
feverish /'fi:variJ/
/fivərʃ/ 52
52
fibre /'faiba/
54
/fabə/ 54
fibre-rich 8T
87
fickle /'fikI/
14
/fkl/ 14
field /fi:ld/3
/fild/ 3
fierce /fias/
32
/fəs/ 32
fig. /fig/
/fg/ 85
85
fight off 52
52
fight on
on your hands 44
file-sharing 48
48
English Vocabulary
Vocabulory in
inUse
English
Use Advanced
Advanced
283
283
post44
fill the
the post
out 48
filter out
48
finals /'fainalz/
/fanəlz/ 11
29
financial /fai’nznt/al/
/fanntʃəl/ 29
reward66
financial reward
73
find fault 73
find yourself in accord with 78
58
finite /’fainait/
/fanat/ 58
33
finite resources 33
firefighter /’faiataita/
/faəfatə/ 99
99
handshake44
firm handshake
firmly rooted 31
'km:s/ 26
first class /,fo:st
/fst klɑs/
26
first draft 11
first impression 44
(student) 98
first year (student)
98
fish for compliments 75
Flamboyant /f1æm'boiant/
flamboyant
/flmbɔənt/ 37
flat (adj.) /f1æt/
/flt/ 91
91
flat (n.) /f1æt/
/flt/ 91
91
flat-screen TV
TV 56
56
75
flatter /f1æta/
/fltə/ 75
75
flatterer /'flætara/
/fltərə/ 75
get you
flattery will get
you nowhere! 75
flawed /flo:d/
/flɔd/ 71
71
fteet /f1i:t/
fleet
/flit/ 44
44
fteeting /fli:ti9/
60
fleeting
/flitŋ/ 60
flight attendant /'f1ait
/flat a,tendant/
ətendənt/ 99
flight only 26
74
flimsy /'flimzi/
/flmzi/ 74
62
flinch /f1intJ/
/flntʃ/ 62
on air 13
13
float on
flog yourself to death 69
hood /f1xd/
93
flood
/fld/ 61, 93
floor gave way
way 30
20
flop /flDp/
/flɒp/ 20
and fauna /,f1o:ra
'ft:na/ 27
flora and
/flɔrə and
ənd fɔnə/
27
flourish /'flariJ/
/flrʃ/ 31
31
61
flow /f1au/
/fləυ/ 61
71
fluctuate /'f1aktJueit/
/flktʃuet/ 71
65
fluorescent /f1o:'resant/
/flɔresənt/ 65
flutter /'flxta/
/fltə/ 76
76
66
fly (v.) 66
flyer /’f1aia/
/flaə/ 47,
47, 49
49
15
foetus /'fi:Us/
/fitəs/ 15
arms99
fold your arms
follow policies 45
45
fond /fDnd/
/fɒnd/ 11
fondness /fondnas/
/fɒndnəs/ 11
81
/fɒnt/ 81
font /font/
81
font size 81
,mailz/ 58
/fud malz/
food miles /,fu:d
58
61
/fυtstep/ 61
footstep /'futstep/
284
284
for another thing 82
82
fordonkey's
60
for donkey’s years 60
forgood
for good 60
forkeeps
60
for keeps 60
forone
for one thing 82
82
for
for sure
sure 70
70
forefront /'to:front/
28
/fɔfrnt/ 28
foresee /fo:'si:/
57
/fɔsi/ 57
forgive and
and forget 74
74
forlorn /fo'lo:n/
14
/fəlɔn/ 14
format /’fo:met/
/fɔmt/ 81
81
formidable /'fo:midabal/
/fɔmdəbəl/ 92
92
fossil fuel /,fosa1
'fju:al/ 33,
33, 58
58
/fɒsəl fjuəl/
foundation /faun'dei/an/
/faυndeʃən/ 42
42
-free /fri:/
87
/fri/ 87
free trade agreement 45
freelance /'fri:lo:ns/5
/frilɑns/ 5
free-range /,fri:'reind3/
23
/frirend/ 23
freezing /fri:zqj/
/frizŋ/ 29
29
fresher /freJa/
98
/freʃə/ 98
freshman /'freJman/
/freʃmən/ 98
frightened /'fraitand/
70
/fratənd/ 70
frock /frok/
97
/frɒk/ 97
frosty /'frosti/
/frɒsti/ 29
29
frugal /'fru:gall8
/frugəl/ 8
fruitful /'fru:tfal/
16
/frutfəl/ 16
frumpy /'frampi/
/frmpi/ 17
frying pan
pan /'fraiqj
,pan/ 98
/fraŋ pn/
full board /,fu1
'be:d/ 26
/fυl bɔd/
26
full diary 16
16
full of
of the
the joys of spring 13
full training3
training 3
fundamentally /,fxnda'mentali/
/fndəmentəli/ 40
40
furtrade
fur trade 32
furnished /'fu:ni/t/
18
/fnʃt/ 18
further clarification
clarification 101
101
fussy eater 24
24
15
gaga /'ga:ga:/
/gɑgɑ/ 15
39
galleon /'ga1ion/
/gliən/ 39
gamble /’gamboI/
/gmbəl/ 76
game /geim/
/gem/ 32
game park 32
game reserve 32
32
games console 56
gaming /geimi9/
/gemŋ/ 48
gangling /'gæpg1i9/9
/gŋglŋ/ 9
gangly /'gæ9gli/9
/gŋgli/ 9
garment /'go:mant/
/gɑmənt/ 97
garrulous /'gæralas/8
/grələs/ 8
gas station /'gæs
,steiJan/ 98
/gs steʃən/
gas
98
gxzla/ 58
/gsgzlə/
gas-guzzler /'gæs,
58
gastrointestinal disease 53
53
gateway /'geitwei/
30
/getwe/ 30
English Vocabulary
Vocabulary in
in Use
Use Advanced
English
Advanced
gather /’gæöo/
/gðə/ 82
GDP /,/didipi/
d3i:di:'pi:/ 71
GDP
71
97
gear /gia/
/gə/ 97
,8erapi/ 57
gene therapy /'d5i:n
/din θerəpi/
57
general practitioner /,d3enara1
/denərəl
prmk'tiJana/
prktʃənə/ 51
d3enara1ai'zeiJan/ 84
generalisation /,/denərəlazeʃən/
84
generalise /'d5enara1aiz/
/denərəlaz/ 84
67
generate /'d3enareit/
/denəret/ 28, 67
generous /'d3enaras/8
/denərəs/ 8
genetic engineering /d3a,netik
/dənetk
, endnərŋ/
end3i'niari9/ 57
57
modification /d3a,netik
genetic modification
/dənetk
,modifi'keiJan/ 57
mɒdfkeʃən/
genetically modified food/crops 57
/diniəs/ 11
genius /'d5i:nias/
the
the genuine article 92
92
genuine misunderstanding 12
dli:au'8o:mal/ 58
geothermal /,/diəυθməl/
31
germinate /'d$u:mineit/
/dmnet/ 31
get (money) out 46
get (the bill) 24
get
24
get /get/ 82
82
get
new lease of life 18
18
getaa new
get around
around 26
get
26
getaway
get
away from it all 26
26
get back
back to
34
get
to 34
getback
get
back to
to nature 27
away88
get carried away
getinto
22
get
into 22
get it together 82
get off the
27
the beaten track 27
on like
likea a house on fire 11,
11, 18
18
get on
get over
over 52
52
get
getsomebody
82
get
somebody toyourself
to yourself 82
82
get things sorted (out) 82
get up
up to
16
get
to 16
get your wires crossed 94
get
get-together /'get
/get tageda/
təgeðə/ 24
giÏt /gift/
89
gift
/gft/ 89
89
gimmick /'gimik/
/gmk/ 89
ginger /'d3ind5a/
/dndə/ 65
65
girls' night out
out 19
19
girls’
67
give /grv/
/gv/ 67
15
give birth 15
give carte blanche 72
give or take 83
75
give praise to 75
someoneaa pat
paton
give someone
on theback
the back 75
give someone thebenefit
the benefit of the
the doubt 36
give the
the go-ahead for
for 72
72
give the
the green light to
to 72
give way
way 25
25
25
give-way sign 25
glamorous /'glzmaras/5
/glmərəs/ 5
'si:liq/ 30
glass ceiling /,gla:s
/glɑs silŋ/
30
glitch /glit//
/gltʃ/ 69
69
'vilid$/ 57
57
global village /,gIauba1
/gləυbəl vld/
’wo:miq/ 33
global warming /,glaubaI
/gləυbəl wɔmŋ/
globalisation /,gloubaIai'zei/on/
57
globalisation
/gləυbəlazeʃən/ 57
glossy 49
49
glowing review 20
54
glucose /’glu:kaus/
/glukəυs/ 54
23
gluten-free /,gIu:tan'fri:/
/glutənfri/ 23
GM /,d$i:’em/
GM
/diem/ 57
57
go back on your word 76
go
31
go back toyour
to your roots 31
go down
down with
52
go
with 52
go green 65
go hand in hand with 93
go in
in with
go
with 55
go into labour 15
go into recession 45
go
45
go like clockwork 94
go
16
go off 16
go on
on 95
95
go
go on
ona a cruise 26
26
go
go out
out (of) the
go
30
the window 30
outofyour
go out
of your way
way 24
go private
private 51
go
51
go through the roof 30
30
go
go toa
go
to a website 92
go to press 50
50
go
go under the hammer
hammer77
go
golden /'gau1dan/
/gəυldən/ 87
87
’hand/eik/
golden handshake /,gauldan
/gəυldən hndʃek/
46
46
goods /gudz/
/gυdz/ 35
84
gossip /'gosip/
/gɒsp/ 84
GP /,d$i:'pi:/
GP
/dipi/ 51
51
GPS /,d$i:pi:’es/
GPS
/dipies/ 56
56
grabaa bite to
eat 24
grab
to eat
24
graft /gra:ft/
/grɑft/ 69
69
,flat/ 18
18
granny flat /’grani
/grni flt/
grant custody to 43
88
-graph- /gra:f/
/grɑf/ 88
graphic image 48
grassroots supporters 31
grating /greitiq/
/gretŋ/ 63
63
65
green /gri:n/
/grin/ 65
33
green credentials 33
65
Green Party 65
green shoots 31
green tourism 65
green with envy 65
i,fekt/ 33
33
greenhouse effect /’gri:nhaus
/grinhaυs fekt/
—gress88
-gress- 88
65
grey /grei/
/gre/ 65
earia/ 65
65
grey area /'grei,
/gre eəriə/
65
grey cells 65
,meta/ 65
grey matter /'grei
/gre mtə/
gridlock /'gridlDk/
/grdlɒk/ s7
57
23
grill (v.) /gri1/
/grl/ 23
grimace /'grimas/9
/grməs/ 9
grin /grin/9
/grn/ 9
69
grind /graind/
/grand/ 69
73
gripe /graip/
/grap/ 73
22
gripping /gripi9/
/grpŋ/ 20, 22
ground /graund/
/graυnd/ 98
grounds for
for 67
grouse /graus/
/graυs/ 73
73
33
grow exponentially 33
69
gruelling /'gruali9/
/grυəlŋ/ 69
grumble /'gramba1/
/grmbəl/ 73
guaranteed to turn heads 49
88
guesstimate /'gestimeit/
/gestmet/ 88
guest house /'gesthaus/
/gesthaυs/ 26
26
guideline /'gaid1ain/2
/gadlan/ 2
77
guilt /gilt/
/glt/ 77
guilt-ridden /'gi1t,ridan/
/gltrdən/ 87
87
57
gulf /gxlf/
/glf/ 57
36
gullible /'ga1iba1/
/glbəl/ 10, 36
gunman /'gxnman/
/gnmən/ 100
,pres/ 50
50
gutter press /'gxta
/gtə pres/
guy /gai/
97
guy
/ga/ 97
gaina'kD1ad3ist/ 51
gynaecologist /,/ganəkɒlədst/
51
habitat /'hæbitæt/
/hbtt/ 32
hack /hæk/
/hk/ 48
hackneyed /'hæknid/
/hknid/ 20
haggard /'hægad/9
/hgəd/ 9
hail ofof abuse 29
29
hail ofof bullets 29
'be:d/ 26
26
half board /,ho:f
/hɑf bɔd/
half-baked /,ho:f'beikt/
/hɑfbekt/ 23
23
{v.) /'hæma/
hammer (v.)
/hmə/ 63
out
aa deal
deal77
hammer out
hammock /'hæmak/
/hmək/ 89
hand in gtove
glove with 17
hands-free /hændz
/hndz fri:/
fri/ 56
56
hands-on 33
outwith
hang out
with 19
Hansard /'hænso:d/
/hnsɑd/ 41
harass /'hæras/
/hrəs/ 43
43
harassment /'hærasmant/
/hrəsmənt/ 43
'sel/7 7
hard setl
sell /,ho:d
/hɑd sel/
/hrəυŋ/ 20
harrowing /'hæraui9/
harsh cotours
colours 65
60
/hzbin/ 60
has-been /'hæzbi:ul
69
/hsəl/ 69
hassle /'hæsal/
hatred /’heitrid/
/hetrd/ 13, 44
44
10
haughty /'ho:ti/
/hɔti/ 10
haveaa bash at
atsomething
have
something 97
haveaa crack at something 97
have
haveaa craving for
for 13
have
haveaa go at
atsomething
have
something 97
haveaa shot at
at something 97
have
haveaa stab at something 97
have
haveaa sweet tooth 24
have
haveaa thing about 82
have
haveaa thirst for 13
13
have
haveaa yearning for
have
for 13
have all your wits about you 15
have an eye for
for 93
on 89
have an impact on
ups and
and downs 12
12
have its ups
have some great times 77
have something up your Sleeve
sleeve 17
have the right of way
25
way 25
18
have the time ofyour
of your life 18
on the
have your finger on
53
the pulse 53
hawk 1o:k/
/hɔk/ 96
29
hazy memory 29
head /hed/ 93
100
headline /’hedlain/
/hedlan/ 100
25
head-on collision 25
health insurance 66
healthcare /'hel6kea/
/helθkeə/ 51
51
plan33
healthcare plan
health-conscious 87
on 75
75
heap praise on
of 77
hear of
heart /ha:t/
/hɑt/ 93
93
heartfelt /'ha:tfelt/
/hɑtfelt/ 74
74
heartland /'ha:tland/
/hɑtlnd/ 27
27
64
heavy /'hevi/
/hevi/ 29, 64
heavy going 22
'indastri/ 55
heavy industry /,hevi
/hevi ndəstri/
55
{your bets) /hed5/
hedge (your
/hed/ 76
17
height of fashion 17
heir /ea/
/eə/ 39
39
heliport /'helipo:t/
/helpɔt/ 88
88
34
helpline /'he1p1ain/
/helplan/ 34
59
hemmed in 59
hen night /'hen
,nait/ 19
19
hen
/hen nat/
herbivore /'ho:bivo:/
/hbvɔ/ 32
32
50
heroic /hi'raUik/
/hrəυk/ 50
hierarchical /,haia'ro:kikl/5
hierarchical
/haərɑkkl/ 5
,sku:1/ 98
high school /'hai
/ha skul/
98
/habraυ/ 21
highbrow /'haibrau/
21
54
high-fibre 54
75
/hali/ 75
highly /haili/
/hamandd/ 87
high-minded /,hai'maindid/
English Vocabulary
Vocabulory in
inUse
English
Use Advanced
Advanced
285
285
high-pitched /,hai'pit/t/
63
high-pitched
/haptʃt/ 63
18
high-rise (flat) /,hai'raiz/
/haraz/ 18
high-tech /,hai'tek/
/hatek/ 55
55
high-technology 55
27
hike /haik/
/hak/ 27
20
hilarious /hi'learias/
/hleəriəs/ 20
53
history /’histari/
/hstəri/ 53
18
hit home 18
11
hit it off 11
100
hit the
the headlines 50, 100
30
hit the
the roof 30
hit-and-run /,hitan'rxn/
/htənrn/ 25
25
69
hitch /hit//
/htʃ/ 69
hobnob /’hDbnob/
/hɒbnɒb/ 19
hold in high regard 11
hold the key to 30
up 90
hold up
holiday entitlement6
entitlement 6
26
holiday ofaa lifetime 26
property77
holiday property
,peid$/ 34
34
home page /'haum
/həυm ped/
'tru:0/ 18
18
home truth /,haum
/həυm truθ/
51
home visit 51
homeopathic doctor 51
homograph /'homogra:f/
/hɒməgrɑf/ 91
12
honest /’onist/
/ɒnst/ 12
98
honours (degree) /’onaz/
/ɒnəz/ 98
hooked (on) /hukt/
/hυkt/ 16
63
hoot /hu:t/
/hut/ 63
hop /hDp/61
hop
/hɒp/ 61
27
hordes /ho:dz/
/hɔdz/ 27
horn /ho:n/
32
horn
/hɔn/ 32
hostilities /hDs’tilatiz/
/hɒstlətiz/ 44
44
hot 1st/
29
hot
/hɒt/ 29
hotand
hot
and cold 52
52
hot-desking 55
hot-desking
hotheaded /,hDt'hedid/
/hɒthedd/ 93
93
household word/name 18
housewarming /'haus,wo:miq/
/haυswɔmŋ/ 19
18
hovel /’hDvaI/
/hɒvəl/