Lecture#05 Genetics (By Prof. Nadeem Khan) a) Gene b) RNA c) Protein d) All W.O.F is the functional unit of chromosome W.O.F is the structural unit of chromosome W.O.F is the unit of heredity W.O.F is the unit of heredity material a) Crossing over b) Parasexuality c) Conjugation d) All Exchange of genetic material→ All Exchange of genetic material between two Organisms→ Conjugation Exchange of genetic material between two nuclei→ Parasexuality Exchange of genetic material inside cell→ Crossing Over a) DNA b) RNA c) Protein d) All W.O.F may be heredity material→ All W.O.F is heredity material into human→ 𝑫𝑵𝑨 W.O.F is heredity material into prion→ 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒊𝒏 W.O.F is heredity material into virus→ 𝑫𝑵𝑨 + 𝑹𝑵𝑨 ABO Blood Group system→ ′𝑰′ → 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 → 𝑰𝒔𝒐𝒉𝒂𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒈𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏 Linked genes inherit together→ "Enblock" 𝑰𝒏𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 Allelic Gene Gene In Pair Form Non-allelic Gene Gene In Single Form Gene Haemophilia Species having 2 set of chromosome known as Diploid Species having more than 2 sets of chromosome known as Polyploid ( Tetraploid, Hexaploid) Name of Species Somatic No# Haploid Monoploid Human 46 (2n) 23 (n) 23 Wheat 42 (6n) 21 (3n) 7 No. of arms present in an unduplicated metacentric chromosome→ 2 No. of chromatids present in an duplicated metacentric chromosome→ 2 No. of chromatids present in a homologous pair of telocentric chromosome→ No. of arms present in a homologous pair of telocentric chromosome→ A) 2 2 23 B) 46 C) 01 D) 02 How many set of chromosomes into sperm→ How many molecules of DNA in male gamete→ How many molecules of DNA in somatic cell of Human→ Science of genetics→ Science of genetics→ 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 → 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 → 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟔 → 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝐵𝑦 𝑴𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒍 By Prof. Nadeem Khan Dutch Scientist Hugo De Vries German Scientist Carl Correns Austrian Scientist Erich Von BY Rediscovery in 1900 Epistatic gene Which mask Hypostatic Gene Which is masked Epistasis GENOTYPE Gene compliment of an individual remains same throughout the life Cannot be studied directly Not influenced by phenotype Similar genotype will produce Similar Phenotype Not influenced by environment PHENOTYPE Visible character of living organisms, may change with e.g. infants, adolescence young and old Can be known through direct observation Influenced by genotype Individual with similar phenotype may not belong to same genotype Can change with environment HYBRIDIZATION: Process in which two different characters are combined HYBRID: Product produced by hybridization Cannot applied in Haploid Cell Linked gene→ 𝑁𝑜 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 Only for gene→ 𝑂𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑖 Gene on same chromosome→ 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 → 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑙𝑦 Mostly Glycoprotein F.T.B Protein K.P.K Antigen on RBC 30 Major Blood Group Systems Main (02) ABO-System Rh-System By Prof. Nadeem Khan
