ANSI/AWWA
C200-23
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C200-17)
op m a rks
Steel Water Pipe, 6 In.
(150 mm) and Larger
Effective date: May 1, 2024.
First edition approved by Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1 975.
This edition approved Oct. 23, 2023.
Approved by American National Standards I nstitute Oct. 24, 2023.
SM
Since 1881
AWWA Standard
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American National Standard
An
Am e ri ca n
Am e ri ca n
N a ti o n a l
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co m p l e ti o n o f th e AN S I a p p ro va l p ro ce s s . Th i s Am e ri c a n N a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd m a y b e re vi s e d o r wi th d ra wn a t a n y ti m e . AN S I
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o f AN S I
a p p ro va l . P u rch a s e rs o f Am e ri ca n N a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s m a y re ce i ve cu rre n t i n fo rm a ti o n o n a l l s ta n d a rd s b y wri ti n g
to th e Am e ri ca n N a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s I n s ti tu te , 2 5 We s t 43 rd S tre e t, Fo u rth Fl o o r, N e w Yo rk, N Y 1 0 0 3 6 ; ca l l i n g 2 1 2 . 6 42 . 49 0 0 ;
o r e m a i l i n g i n fo @ a n s i . o rg.
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ii
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
sen d
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The Steel Water Pipe Manufacturer’s Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC) Task Group
on AWWA C200, which reviewed and revised this standard, had the following personnel at the
time:
Brent Keil, Chair
John Luka, Vice-Chair
H.H. Bardakjian, Manufacturing Consultant, Glendale, Calif.
R.J. Card, Manufacturing Consultant, Sugar Hill, Ga.
K. Couture, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala.
D. Dechant, Manufacturing Consultant, Aurora, Colo.
M. Dowd, Northwest Pipe Company, Denver, Colo.
D. Dunker, Thompson Pipe Group, Rialto, Calif.
B. Hansen, National Welding Corporation, Midvale, Utah
B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Salt Lake City, Utah
J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C.
R.D. Mielke, Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C.
B.P. Simpson, American Cast Iron Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala.
The AWWA Standards Committee on Steel Pipe, which reviewed and approved this standard,
had the following personnel at the time of approval:
John H. Bambei Jr., Chair
Bob J. Card, Vice-Chair
John L. Luka, Secretary
General Interest Members
S.A. Arnaout (alternate), Consultant, Plano, Tex.
J.H. Bambei Jr., Bambei Engineering Services, Arvada, Colo.
R.J. Card, Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam Inc., Suwanee, Ga.
R.L Gibson, Freese and Nichols Inc., Fort Worth, Tex.
M.D. Gossett, HDR, Denver, Colo.
M.B. Horsley (alternate) , Horsley Engineering LLC, Overland Park, Kans.
iii
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
R. Issa, AECOM, McKinney, Tex.
C.H. Kirby (alternate), Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam Inc., Houston, Tex.
R.A. Kufaas, Norske Corrosion & Inspection Services Ltd., Abbotsford, B.C.
A.S. Maughn (alternate) , Freese & Nichols Inc., Dallas, Tex.
D.L. McPherson (alternate) , HDR, Charlotte, N.C.
A. Murdock, Jacobs Engineering, Holladay, Utah
R. Ortega, Aurora Technical Services, Houston, Tex.
E.S. Ralph (liaison, nonvoting), Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.
J.R. Snow, Stantec, Denver, Colo.
A.M. Stanton, Black & Veatch, Pasadena, Calif.
W.R. Whidden, Woolpert, Orlando, Fla.
Producer Members
H.H. Bardakjian, Consultant, Glendale, Calif.
D. Dechant, Dechant Infrastructure Service, Aurora, Colo.
D.W. Dunker, Thompson Pipe Group, Rialto, Calif.
B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Salt Lake City, Utah
J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C.
R. Mielke (alternate), Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C.
L. Prinsloo, Victaulic, Easton, Pa.
B.E. Ripley (alternate), Victaulic, Lexington, S.C.
G.F. Ruchti (alternate), Consultant, Punta Gorda, Fla.
B.P. Simpson (alternate), American Cast Iron Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala.
R. Wu (alternate), Thompson Pipe Group, Grand Prairie, Tex.
User Members
L. Adams, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo.
G.A. Andersen, New York City Bureau of Water Supply, Little Neck, N.Y.
B. Cheng, Metro Vancouver, Vancouver, B.C.
B. Fountain, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif.
J. Fox, Tampa Bay Water, Clearwater, Fla.
J. Garcia (alternate), Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
S. Hattan, Tarrant Regional Water District, Fort Worth, Tex.
M. Lobik, Springfield Water & Sewer Commission, Springfield, Mass.
iv
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
T. Peng, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
G. Ramon (liaison, nonvoting), Standards Council Liaison, Little Rock Water Reclamation
Authority, Little Rock, Ark.
V. Scutelnicu, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Los Angeles, Calif.
M. Turney (alternate), Denver Water, Denver, Colo.
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Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
Con ten ts
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.
S E C.
P AG E
S E C.
Foreword
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Materials ......................................... 8
Drawings ......................................... 8
Calculations .................................... 8
Selection of Materials ...................... 8
Requirements for Welding
Qualification ............................. 11
4.7 Fabrication of Pipe .......................... 11
4.8 Production Weld Verification
Tests .......................................... 14
4.9 Permissible Variations in
Dimensions ............................... 19
4.10 Ancillary Pipe For Specials ............... 19
4.11 Preparation of Ends ......................... 19
4.12 Protective Coatings and
Linings ...................................... 25
4.13 Special Sections ............................... 25
4.14 Fabrication of Special
Sections ..................................... 25
I
I.A
I.B
I.C
II
II.A
Introduction .................................... ix
Background ..................................... ix
History ............................................ ix
Acceptance ...................................... x
Special Issues. .................................. xi
Advisory Information on Product
Application ............................... xi
II.B Chlorine and Chloramine
Degradation of Elastomers ........ xiii
III Use of This Standard ....................... xiii
III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives ... xiii
III.B Modification to Standard ................ xiv
IV Major Revisions ............................... xiv
V Comments ...................................... xv
Standard
1
General
1.1 Scope............................................... 1
1.2 Purpose ........................................... 1
1.3 Application...................................... 1
2
References ......................................
2
3
Definitions .....................................
4
4
Requirements
4.1
Permeation ...................................... 7
P AG E
5
Verification
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Inspection ....................................... 25
Test Procedures ................................ 26
Calibration of Equipment ............... 28
Test Reports .................................... 29
6
Delivery
6.1 Marking .......................................... 29
6.2 Handling and Loading .................... 29
6.3 Affidavit of Compliance .................. 29
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S E C.
P AG E
S E C.
Figures
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Charpy Test Evaluation ................... 9
Repair Method by Offset Value and
Wall Thickness .......................... 12
Bridge Cam Gauge .......................... 13
Reduced-Section Tension Test
Specimen................................... 15
Guided-Bend Test Specimen............ 16
Jig for Guided-Bend Test ................. 16
Alternative Guided-Bend
Wraparound Jig ......................... 17
9
P AG E
Alternative Guided-Bend
Roller Jig ................................... 18
Field Butt Joint End Tolerance ........ 23
Tables
1
2
3
Steel Plate, Sheet, or Coils for
Fabricated Pipe.......................... 10
Repair Requirements Based on
Offset Value and Wall
Thickness .................................. 12
Guided-Bend Test Jig Dimensions... 17
vi i i
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part ofANSI*/AWWA C200.
I
.
I
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t
r
o
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u
c
t
i
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n
.
I.A. Background. This standard covers butt-joint welded straight-seam or
spiral-seam steel pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) and larger, for transmission and distribution of
water, including fabrication of pipe, requirements of welding operations, permissible
variations of thickness and dimensions, preparation of ends, fabrication of special
sections, inspection, and test procedures.
I.B. History. The first AWWA steel pipe standards issued were 7A.3 and
7A.4, published in 1940. Standard 7A.4 pertained to steel pipe smaller than 30 in.
(750 mm) in diameter, and 7A.3 pertained to steel pipe 30 in. (750 mm) in diameter
and larger. Subsequently, in recognition that some pipe used in water utility service
was manufactured in steel mills rather than in a fabricator’s shop, two new AWWA
standards were issued in 1960. AWWA C201 replaced 7A.3 and pertained to all pipe,
regardless of diameter, manufactured in a fabricator’s shop from steel sheet or plate.
The physical and chemical properties are properties of the sheet or plate from which
the pipe is made. The properties are a function of the steel mill practice and are not
affected significantly by fabricating procedures. AWWA C202 replaced 7A.4 and
pertained to mill pipe, which is normally produced in a production pipe mill. The
specified physical and chemical properties are those of the completed pipe. Physical
testing is performed on the pipe rather than on the steel from which it originates. In
many cases, the physical properties are significantly affected by the pipe-manufacturing
procedure. AWWA C201 was revised in 1966, and AWWA C202 was revised in 1964.
Both AWWA C201 and AWWA C202 were superseded by AWWA C200-75, approved
by the AWWA Board of Directors on January 26, 1975.
AWWA C200 includes all types and classes of steel pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) in diameter
and larger, used in water utility service, regardless of the pipe-manufacturing source.
With adequate quality assurance, pipe manufactured in a fabricator’s shop or in a steel
pipe mill is suitable for water utility service.
By reference, AWWA C202 (which pertained to mill-type steel water pipe) included
API† 5L and API 5LX pipe grades manufactured to API standards for high-pressure
applications. With the inclusion of ASTM A570/A570M and ASTM A572/A572M
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
† American Petroleum Institute, 200 Massachusetts Ave NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001.
ix
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
high-strength steels in AWWA C200-75, API high-pressure pipe was omitted from
AWWA C200-75 as being redundant. API 5L and API 5LX pipe grades fully met
all requirements of AWWA C200 and could be used for water utility applications if
dictated by availability or other economic considerations.
AWWA C200-75 introduced design criteria for determination of wall thickness
to meet internal pressure conditions. These criteria facilitated the selection of the
optimum combination of thickness and material for steel pipe.
Revisions in AWWA C200-86 included clarification of forming for lap-joint ends
and gasketed ends and testing of O-ring gaskets. Subsequent editions of this standard
were approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 23, 1991; February 2, 1997;
June 12, 2005, June 10, 2012, and January 14, 2017. This edition was approved on
October 23, 2023.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of
the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF)
and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM).
AWWA and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined
later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states. ‡ Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including
1. Specific policies of the state or local agency.
2. Four standards developed under the direction of NSF §, NSF/ANSI/
CAN¶ 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, NSF/
ANSI/CAN 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects, NSF/ANSI/
CAN 372—Drinking Water System Components— Lead Content, and NSF/ANSI/
CAN 600, Health Effects Evaluation and Criteria for Chemicals in Drinking Water.
‡ Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
§ NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
¶ Standards Council of Canada, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 600, Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5 Canada.
x
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Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water
Chemicals Codex, ** and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local
agency.
Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in
accordance with NSF/ANSI/CAN 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority
to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation
of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
NSF/ANSI/CAN 600 (which formerly appeared in NSF/ANSI/CAN 60 and
NSF/ANSI/CAN 61 as Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures”)
does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances
not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an
unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of NSF/
ANSI/CAN 600 procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.
ANSI/AWWA C200 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this
standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in
order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certification.
3.
I
I
.
S
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c
i
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I
s
s
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s
.
II.A. Advisory Information on Product Application.
1. Basis of design. ANSI/AWWA C200 pertains to the manufacture and
testing of the steel-pipe cylinder. Coatings that protect against corrosion are referenced
in Sec. 4.12. ANSI/AWWA C604, Installation of Buried Steel Water Pipe, 4 In.
(100 mm) and Larger, which provides field installation guidelines. Overall design of
steel pipelines is described in AWWA M11, Steel Water Pipe: A Guide for Design and
Installation.
Design of the wall thickness of steel pipe is primarily affected by internal pressure,
including working, transient, and test pressures. Other factors that may influence the
designed wall thickness are external loads, including trench loading and earth fill;
special physical loading, such as continuous-beam loading with saddle supports or
** Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW,
Washington, DC 20418.
xi
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
ring girders; vacuum conditions; type of joint used; and practical considerations for
handling, shipping, lining, and coating or similar operations.
The design techniques described in AWWA M11 are used to determine required
wall thicknesses of steel pipe. The purchaser may establish and specify a wall thickness
determined to be satisfactory for all conditions, including internal pressure, trench
loadings, special physical loadings, and handling. Selection of design stresses and
deflection limits should be made with regard to the properties of the lining and coating
materials used. The purchaser may alternatively specify the performance criteria for the
pipeline, in which case the manufacturer, using AWWA standards, provides the wallthickness calculations for purchaser acceptance. Performance criteria provided should
include internal design pressures, external loading, and any other special conditions.
The manufacturer is allowed to select materials and manufacturing processes within
the limitations of this standard to produce pipe to the wall thickness required to
additionally satisfy the specified performance criteria. This thickness should govern if
it is greater than the wall thickness specified by the purchaser. Thickness tolerances for
pipe are governed by the requirements of this standard.
2. Application. This standard describes the requirements for steel water
pipe for use in water transmission and distribution under normal circumstances. It
is the responsibility of the purchaser for each project to determine if any unusual
circumstances related to the project require additional provisions that are not included
in the standard. Such special conditions might affect design, manufacture, quality
control, corrosion protection, or handling requirements.
3. Brittle fracture precautions. Sec. 4.5.2 provides test requirements for steel
to ensure notch toughness. Under certain conditions where a restrained pipeline with
welded lap joints will be used, notch toughness verification may be necessary; see also
ANSI/AWWA C206, Field Welding of Steel Water Pipe.
4. Testing of special sections. Sec. 5.2.2 provides for nondestructive testing
of the weld seams of special sections. This testing should be adequate for normal
conditions previously discussed under Item 2, Application.
5. Roundness of pipe. The roundness of pipe during handling, shipping,
joint makeup, and backfilling should be covered in the purchaser’s documents. When
requested, the pipe is delivered with internal bracing for shipping and handling
purposes. Although not generally designed for such, bracing can reduce the flexibility
of the pipe while placement of the haunch and sidefill materials takes place. Internal
bracing is not designed to support construction or earth loads above the pipe and
may cause damage to the pipe or pipe lining in these conditions. Bracing design for
xi i
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
purposes other than shipping and handling is the responsibility of the constructor.
Additional information on bracing can be found in ANSI/AWWA C604 Installation
of Buried Steel Water Pipe—4 In. (100 MM) and Larger and AWWA M11, Steel
Pipe: A Guide for Design and Installation.
II.B Chlorine and Chloramine Degradation of Elastomers. The selection
of materials is critical for water service and distribution piping in locations where
there is a possibility that elastomers will be in contact with chlorine or chloramines.
Documented research has shown that elastomers such as gaskets, seals, valve seats, and
encapsulations may be degraded when exposed to chlorine or chloramines. The impact
of degradation is a function of the type of elastomeric material, chemical concentration,
contact surface area, elastomer cross section, and environmental conditions as well as
temperature. Careful selection of and specifications for elastomeric materials and the
specifics of their application for each water system component should be considered to
provide long-term usefulness and minimum degradation (swelling, loss of elasticity, or
softening) of the elastomer specified.
II.B.1. Gasket Degradation Study. A pipe gasket, having the hardness of a
compressed elastomer with a large mass relative to the small, exposed surface area,
thus experiences minimal degradation. This was validated in a research paper reported
in Journal AWWA,* in which the pipe gasket degradation in a 110 mg/L chloramine
solution was found to degrade just the exposed surface.
It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following information should be
provided by the purchaser.
1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C200, Steel Water Pipe, 6 In.
(150 mm) and Larger, of latest revision.
2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI/CAN 61, Drinking Water Treatment
Components—Health Effects, is required.
3. Descriptions or drawings indicating the nominal diameter, outside diameter
or finished inside diameter after lining, and total quantity of pipe required for each
diameter.
4. Internal design pressure(s) (AWWA M11).
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* R.W. Bonds. 2004. Effect of Chloramines on Ductile-Iron Pipe Gaskets of Various Elastomer
Compounds. Journal AWWA, 96(4):153–160.
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Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
5. External design pressures and other special physical loadings (AWWA M11).
6. Permeation requirements (Sec. 4.1).
7. Details of federal, state, provincial, territorial, and local requirements
(Sec. 4.2).
8. The drawings and calculations to be provided by the manufacturer if required
(Sec. 4.3 and Sec. 4.4).
9. Specification of steel if there is a preference (Sec. 4.5).
10. Minimum service temperature for toughness requirements (Sec. 4.5.2).
11. Wall thickness (Sec. 4.5.3).
12. Qualification code for automatic welding (Sec. 4.6.1).
13. Qualification code for manual welding (Sec. 4.6.1).
14. Type of pipe ends (description or drawings) (Sec. 4.11).
15. Requirements for reports of tests of rubber-gasket materials (Sec. 4.11.3.3).
16. Protective coating or lining if applicable (Sec. 4.12).
17. All special sections, indicating for each component part the dimensions or
standard designation (Sec. 4.13).
18. Instructions regarding inspection at place of manufacture (Sec. 5.1).
19. Method, acceptance criteria, location, and frequency of nondestructive
testing to be used for special sections (Sec. 5.2.2.1).
20. Test reports if required (Sec. 5.4).
21. Requirements for marking, line diagrams, or laying schedules (Sec. 6.1).
22. Special handling requirements and allowable out-of-roundness (Sec. 6.2).
23. Affidavit of compliance if required (Sec. 6.3).
III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
Major revisions made to the standard in this edition
include the following:
1. Updated Sec. I.C. Acceptance in the Foreword with the latest Standards
Council language reflecting the addition of reference to NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 and
NSF/ANSI/CAN 600.
2. In Sec. II.A Advisory Information on Product Application in the Foreword,
Item 5 Roundness of Pipe was revised to provide more information on bracing.
3. The scope was updated to include raw and reclaimed water and wastewater
since the standard is applicable to these (Sec. 1.1).
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4. The definitions for potable, raw, reclaimed water, and wastewater were
added, and the definitions for bevel, check analysis, flame cutting, MT, PT, RT, random
lengths, UT, and VT were deleted from Section 3 Definitions.
5. Updated Sec. 4.1 Permeation and Sec. 4.2. Materials with the latest Standards
Council boilerplate language.
6. The information in Sec. 4.6 Requirements for Welding Qualifications was
rearranged, combined, and slightly revised for better flow.
7. Figure 2 Repair method by offset value and wall thickness was revised to
include coil-splice welds.
8. Sec. 4.8.1 Weld-test specimens was renamed and separated into two sections.
9. Sec. 4.9.4.2 on random lengths was deleted.
10. A new Sec. 4.11.5 Ends for field butt joint welding with subsections
Sec. 4.11.5.1 Squareness of pipe ends and Sec. 4.11.5.2 End face tolerances was added
to update and replace beveled ends section. This separates butt joint end squareness
and butt joint face assessment.
11. Sec. 4.11.6.4 Testing and certification was revised.
12. Sec. 4.11.6.5 Gasket dimensions and tolerances was revised and updated
splice testing.
13. A new Figure 9 Field butt joint end tolerance was added.
14. Sec. 4.11.8.2 Diameter was rearranged and revised.
15. In Sec. 5.2.2.1 Nondestructive testing (NDT), Item 6, Hydrostatic testing
of specials was clarified to be at a maximum of the design pressure of the special.
16. Sec. 5.2.2.2 NDT qualifications were clarified for specific methods.
If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711; write to the
department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098; or email at
standards@awwa.org.
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Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
ANSI/AWWA C200-23
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C200-1 7)
®
AWWA Standard
Steel Water Pipe, 6 In. (150 mm)
and Larger
SECTION 1 :
Sec. 1 .1
Scope
Sec. 1 .2
Purpose
Sec. 1 .3
Application
GENERAL
This standard describes electrically butt-joint–welded straight-seam or spiralseam pipe and seamless pipe, 6 in. (150 mm)* in nominal diameter and larger, for
the transmission and distribution of potable, raw, and reclaimed water; wastewater;
or for use in other water system facilities.
The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for
steel water pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) and larger, including materials and quality of
work, fabrication, and testing of pipe and special sections.
This standard can be referenced in the purchaser’s documents for steel water
pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) and larger. The stipulations of this standard apply when this
document has been referenced and then only to steel water pipe, 6 in. (150 mm)
and larger.
* Metric conversions given in this standard are direct conversions of US customary units and are not those specified in
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.
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This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,
they form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any
case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI*/AWWA C203—Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel
Water Pipe.
ANSI/AWWA C205—Cement–Mortar Protective Lining and Coating for
Steel Water Pipe—4 In. (100 mm) and Larger—Shop Applied.
ANSI/AWWA C208—Dimensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C209— Tape Coatings for Steel Water Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C210—Liquid-Epoxy Coatings and Linings for Steel Water
Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C213—Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coatings and Linings for Steel
Water Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C214—Machine-Applied Polyolefin Tape Coatings for Steel
Water Pipe.
ANSI/AWWA C215—Extruded Polyolefin Coatings for Steel Water Pipe.
ANSI/AWWA C216—Heat-Shrinkable Cross-Linked Polyolefin Coatings
for Steel Water Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C217—Microcrystalline Wax and Petrolatum Tape Coating
Systems for Steel Water Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C218—Liquid Coatings for Aboveground Steel Water Pipe
and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C222—Polyurethane Coatings and Linings for Steel Water
Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C224—Nylon-11-Based Polyamide Coatings and Linings for
Steel Water Pipe Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C225—Fused Polyolefin Coatings for Steel Water Pipe.
ANSI/AWWA C229—Fusion-Bonded Polyethylene Coatings for Steel Water
Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C602—Cement–Mortar Lining of Water Pipelines in
Place—4 In. (100 mm) and Larger.
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 I N. (1 50 M M) AN D LARGER
3
API † Specification 5L—Seamless and Welded Pipe.
ASME‡—Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code [BPVC], Section V, Nondestructive
Examination.
ASME—Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for
Construction of Pressure Vessels.
ASME—Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, Welding, Brazing, and
Fusing Qualifications.
ASTM§ A36/A36M—Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel.
ASTM A53/A53M—Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and HotDipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless.
ASTM A106/A106M—Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel
Pipe for High-Temperature Service.
ASTM A135/A135M—Standard Specification for Electric-ResistanceWelded Steel Pipe.
ASTM A139/A139M—Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over).
ASTM A283/A283M—Standard Specification for Low and Intermediate
Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates.
ASTM A370—Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical
Testing of Steel Products.
ASTM A516/A516M—Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,
Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service.
ASTM A572/A572M—Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel.
ASTM A673/A673M—Standard Specification for Sampling Procedure for
Impact Testing of Structural Steel.
ASTM A941—Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel,
Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys.
ASTM A1011/A1011M—Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength
Low-Alloy With Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength.
ASTM A1018/A1018M—Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Commercial, Drawing, Structural,
† American Petroleum Institute, 200 Massachusetts Ave NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001.
‡ ASME, Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
§ ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy With Improved Formability,
and Ultra-High Strength.
ASTM D297—Standard Test Methods for Rubber Products—Chemical
Analysis.
ASTM D395—Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression
Set.
ASTM D412—Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and
Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension.
ASTM D471—Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of
Liquids.
ASTM D573—Standard Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
Oven.
ASTM D1149—Standard Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration—Cracking
in an Ozone Controlled Environment.
ASTM D1566—Standard Terminology Relating to Rubber.
ASTM D2240—Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
Hardness.
ASTM D2527—Standard Specification for Rubber Seals—Splice Strength.
ASTM E340—Standard Practice for Macroetching Metals and Alloys.
AWS ¶ A3.0—Standard Welding Terms and Definitions Including Terms for
Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying.
AWS B2.1—Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance
Qualification.
AWS D1.1/D1.1M—Structural Welding Code—Steel.
AWS QC 1—Specification for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors.
AWWA Manual M11—Steel Pipe—A Guide for Design and Installation.
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The following definitions shall apply in this standard:
1. CJP: Complete joint penetration; defined in AWS 3.0.
2. Coil-splice weld: A welded seam used to join two coils the alignment of
which is perpendicular to the connecting spiral welds.
¶ American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 Street, #130 Miami, FL 33166.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 I N. (1 50 M M) AN D LARGER
5
3. Constructor: The party that provides the work and materials for
placement or installation.
4. CWI: Certified welding inspector qualified in accordance with AWS
QC1.
5. Defect: A discontinuity or discontinuities that by nature or accumulated
effect render a part or product unable to meet the minimum applicable acceptance
standards or specifications. This term designates rejectability.
6. Discontinuity: An interruption of the typical structure of a weldment,
such as lack of homogeneity in the mechanical or metallurgical or physical
characteristics of material or weldment. A discontinuity is not necessarily a defect.*
7. Electrically butt-joint-welded pipe: Straight-seam or spiral-seam
resistance-welded or fusion-welded pipe.
8. Fillet weld: A weld of approximately triangular cross section the throat
of which lies in a plane disposed approximately 45 degrees with regard to the
surface of the parts joined. (The size of the fillet weld is expressed in terms of the
width, in inches or millimeters, of one of its adjacent fused legs: the shorter leg, if
unequal.)
9. Fine-grain practice: Steelmaking practice intended to produce a killed
steel that is capable of meeting the requirements specified for fine austenitic grain
size (see ASTM A941).
10. Fusion welding: The melting together of filler metal and base metal or
melting of base metal only, which results in coalescence.
11. Girth weld: A circumferential welded seam lying in one plane used to
join sections into lengths of straight pipe or to join pieces of mitered pipe to form
fabricated special sections.
12. Lap joint: A circumferential joint in which one of the members joined
overlaps the other.
13. Longitudinal weld: A welded seam parallel to the axis of the pipe.
14. “Lot” ofpipe: All pipe between two subsequent tests.
15. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
16. Minimum service temperature: The lowest expected steel temperature
in service.
* Lundin, C.D. 1984. “Fundamentals of Weld Discontinuities and Their Significance.” Welding Research Council,
Bulletin 295.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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17. Miter: The angle included between the cut of a pipe end and a
line drawn perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe. Miters are used in
fabricating elbows and to facilitate pipe laying at changes in horizontal or vertical
alignment.
18. NDT: Nondestructive testing.
19. Nominal diameter or size: The commercial designation or dimension
by which pipe is designated for simplicity.
20. Plain-end: Pipe end not threaded, belled, or otherwise given a special
end configuration.
21. Potable water: Water that is safe and satisfactory for drinking and
cooking.
22. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
23. Raw water: Water in its natural state, prior to any treatment for
drinking
24. Reclaimed water: Wastewater that becomes suitable for beneficial use
as a result of treatment.
25. Reinforcement of weld: Weld metal on the face of a weld in excess of
the metal necessary for the specified weld size.
26. Resistance-welded pipe: Pipe having a longitudinal or spiral butt joint
that is produced by the heat obtained from resistance to the flow of electric current
across the joint and the simultaneous application of pressure.
27. Root: That portion of a joint to be welded where the members
approach closest to each other. In cross section, the root of a joint may be a point,
a line, or an area.
28. Seamless pipe: Pipe without welds, made from solid ingots, blooms,
billets, or round bars that have been hot pierced and then brought to the desired
size by hot rolling, hot drawing, or a combination of both.
29. Special section: Any piece of pipe other than a normal straight section
of specified length. This includes but is not limited to elbows, pipes with outlets,
reducers, adapter sections with special ends, and other fittings or nonstandard
sections.
30. Specified lengths: Sections of finished pipe the length dimensions of
which do not vary from a fixed figure specified by the purchaser by more than the
tolerance set forth in this standard.
31. Spiral weld: A welded seam helical to the axis of the pipe.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 I N. (1 50 M M) AN D LARGER
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32. Spiral-seam welded pipe: Pipe in which the line of the seam forms a
helix on the barrel of the pipe.
33. Straight-seam welded pipe: Pipe in which the line of the seam is parallel
to the axis of the pipe.
34. Thickness (t): Calculated steel thickness of the pipe wall that is
structurally adequate per the design considerations in AWWA Manual M11 or as
specified by the purchaser.
35. Wastewater: A combination of the liquid and water-carried waste
from residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions, together
with any groundwater, surface water, and stormwater that may be present.
36. Welded butt joints: A weld the throat of which lies in a plane disposed
approximately 90 degrees with regard to the surface of at least one of the parts
joined. The size of the weld shall be expressed in terms of its net throat dimensions
in inches (millimeters), excluding weld metal above plate surface. A double-welded
butt joint is one in which the filler metal is added to both sides. A single-welded
butt joint is one in which the filler metal is added to one side only.
37. WPS: Welding procedure specification.
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Permeation
The selection of materials is critical for potable water, wastewater, and
reclaimed water service and distribution piping systems in locations where there
is likelihood the piping system will be exposed to significant concentrations of
pollutants composed of low molecular–weight petroleum products or organic
solvents or their vapors. Documented research has shown that piping system
materials, such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, and elastomers used in
gaskets and packing glands are subject to permeation by lower-molecular-weight
organic solvents or petroleum products. If a potable water, wastewater, or reclaimed
water piping system must pass through such a contaminated area or an area subject
to contamination, consult the manufacturer regarding permeation of pipe walls,
valve components, jointing materials, and other piping system components before
selecting materials for use in that area.
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Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water
Act and applicable federal, state, provincial, territorial, or other authoritative
regulations for potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water systems.
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When pipe detail drawings are required to illustrate compliance with the
purchaser’s requirements, they shall be subject to acceptance by the purchaser.
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If the manufacturer is required to determine the wall thickness, the
manufacturer’s calculations of wall thickness shall be submitted to and accepted by
the purchaser before the start of manufacturing.
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4.5.1 General. If the purchaser’s documents do not specify the type of
pipe or steel, the manufacturer shall select the type of pipe and steel from this
standard to meet the design requirements of the purchaser’s documents. Pipe shall
be fabricated from plate, sheet, or coil from Table 1. The steel shall be fully killed
and shall conform to fine-grain practice.
4.5.2 Charpy impact testing. Charpy impact testing shall be utilized
to evaluate steel used to fabricate pipe that will be restrained in its application.
Restrained pipe with a minimum service temperature below 30°F (–1°C) should
be evaluated by other methods, such as ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
(BPVC) Section VIII, Division 1, UG-20(f). Steel for pipe in excess of 2.0-in.
(50-mm) thickness shall be Charpy tested. Steel for pipe 0.500 in. (13 mm) or
thinner does not require Charpy testing. Other pipe thicknesses shall be evaluated
using Figure 1. Plot the minimum service temperature and the steel thickness.
When a minimum service temperature is not provided by the purchaser, 32°F (0°C)
shall be used for the evaluation. Materials that comply with Sec. 4.5.1 are Group 1.
Group 1 materials that plot below the Group 1 line require Charpy testing. All
other materials are Group 2. Group 2 materials that plot below the Group 2 line
require Charpy testing. Materials that plot on or above the applicable line do not
require Charpy testing.
When Charpy testing is required, Charpy V-notch (CVN) specimens shall be
prepared and test results interpreted in accordance with ASTM A370. CVN shall
be heat-lot tested; specimens shall be taken transverse to the steel rolling direction
and tested at 30°F (–1°C) or lower with a minimum average full-size criteria
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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of 25 ft·lbf (33.9 N·m). Heat-lot testing for plate is defined in ASTM A673.
Heat-lot testing for coils is defined as two coils per heat, with test coupons being
taken from the outer wrap only.
4.5.3 Thickness ofpipe wall. Plate, sheet, and coil for the manufacture of
pipe (Table 1) or ancillary pipe (Sec. 4.10) shall be furnished to the thickness as
determined by considering all pertinent performance criteria. Pipe wall thickness
shall be indicated to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.0254 mm). Sec. 4.9.1 provides
for standard manufacturing tolerances. For additional tolerance requirements,
the purchaser shall indicate numerical tolerances limitations to the nearest
0.001 in. (0.0254 mm). For purchaser-specified materials described as minimum
wall thickness without further clarification of tolerance by the purchaser, the
manufacturing tolerances in Sec. 4.9.1 shall apply.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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Steel plate, sheet, or coils for fabricated pipe*†
Minimum Yield Point
Specification
ASTM A36/A36M
ASTM A139/A139M ‡
Grade
Steel Plate
B
(steel only)
C
D
E
ASTM A283/A283M
C
D
ASTM A516/A516M
55
60
65
70
ASTM A572/A572M
42
50
ASTM A1011/A1011M Structural Steel (SS)
30
33
36
40
45
50
55
High-Strength–Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS)
45
50
55
High-Strength–Low-Alloy Steel With Improved Formability
(HSLAS-F)
50
ASTM A1018/A1018M Structural Steel (SS)
30
33
36
40
45
High-Strength–Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS)
45
50
55
High-Strength–Low-Alloy Steel With Improved Formability
(HSLAS-F)
50
ksi (Mpa)
36 (248)
35 (240)
42 (290)
46 (317)
52 (359)
30 (207)
33 (228)
30 (205)
32 (220)
35 (240)
38 (260)
42 (290)
50 (345)
30 (207)
33 (228)
36 (248)
40 (276)
45 (310)
50 (345)
55 (380)
45 (310)
50 (345)
55 (380)
50 (345)
30 (207)
33 (228)
36 (248)
40 (276)
45 (310)
45 (310)
50 (345)
55 (380)
50 (345)
* For the ASTM grades listed in this table, all type, limit, and class designations are acceptable.
All listed steel shall be fully killed and conform to fine-grain practice.
Steel shall meet chemical and physical properties as required in Section 6, 7, and 9 of ASTM A139/A139M.
†
‡
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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4.6.1 General. Automatic or manual welding operators and welding
procedures shall be qualified under Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, under AWS B2.1 or AWS D1.1/D.1.1M, or under any other code
mutually agreed on between the purchaser and manufacturer. Materials listed in
Table 1 shall be accepted in P-Number 1, Group 1, Group 2, or Group 3 material
grouping of ASME BPVC, Section IX.
When the evaluation of the base metal in Sec. 4.5.2 has determined that
Charpy testing is required, the applicable welding procedures shall be qualified for
notch toughness to meet the same requirements as the base metal.
4.6.2 Automatic welding. Spiral-weld, coil-splice-weld, longitudinal-weld,
and girth-weld seams of straight pipe sections and special sections, when practicable,
shall be welded with an automatic welding machine. On request, sample welds
shall be submitted to the purchaser for testing.
4.6.3 Manual welding. Manual welding of girth seams and special sections
and completion of coil-splice welds shall be permitted when it is impractical to
use an automatic welding machine. On straight pipe sections, manual welding
shall be permitted only for tack welding of coils and plates during the continuous
pipe-making process, in making a weld on the inside of the pipe, in rewelding and
repairing structural discontinuities in the plate and automatic machine welds, and
as otherwise permitted in this standard (Sec. 4.7). On request, sample welds shall
be submitted to the purchaser for testing.
4.6.4 End welding. End welding of longitudinal seams of fusion-welded
pipe, if not done by automatic submerged-arc or automatic shielded-arc welding,
shall be done by an operator qualified in accordance with Sec. 4.6.1.
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The longitudinal edges of the sheet or plate shall be shaped by pressing or by
rolling to the true pipe radius. Hammering the edges during the forming process
shall not be permitted. The plate or sheet shall then be properly formed and may be
tacked prior to welding. The weld shall be of reasonably uniform width and height
for the entire length of the pipe, and it shall be made by automatic means, except
when, by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, manual welding
by qualified procedure and welders shall be acceptable.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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4.7.1 Weld seams. Butt joint weld seams used in the manufacture of the
pipe and special sections shall be CJP. Allowable radial offset (misalignment) is
determined by Figure 2 or mathematically determined by Table 2.
1 /2
15/32
7/1 6
13/32
3/8
Repair Method 2 Area
Offset Value, in.
11 /32
5/1 6
Spiral, Coil -Spli ce,
9/32
and Girth Welds
Repair M ethod 1
1 /4
7/32
Longitudinal Wel d
Repair M ethod 1 Limit
(see N ote 5)
Repair M ethod 1 Area
3/1 6
Spiral, Coil-Splice, and Girth Welds
No-Repair Area
5/32
1 /8
3/32
Longitudinal Weld
No-Repair Limit (see Note 4)
N o-Repair Area
1 /1 6
1 /32
0
0
1 /1 6
1 /8
3/1 6
1 /4
5/1 6
5/8
9/1 6
11/1 6 3/4
Wall Thickness t, in.
7/1 6
3/8
1 /2
N ? ? ? : See Table 2.
Lim its for N o Repair
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2
13/1 6
15/1 6
7/8
1
1 1 /1 6
1 1 /8
1 3/1 6
1 1 /4
Lim its for Repair Method 1
Repair method by offset value and wall thickness
Notes:
1. For thicknesses greater than shown, the “No Repair Line” does not exceed 3/1 6-in. measured offset.
2. For thicknesses greater than shown, the “Repair Method 1 Line” does not exceed ⅜-in. measured offset.
3. Lines in the figure are considered part of the area below them.
4. Longitudinal weld seams are subject to the limitation curves but with a maximum allowable offset of ⅛ in. before repair is
necessary.
5. Longitudinal weld seams are subject to the limitation curves but with a maximum allowable offset of ¼ in. before repair method 2
is necessary.
T
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2
Repair requirements based on offset value and wall thickness
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G
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g
i
t
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d
i
n
a
l
≤ Minimum[⅛ in., t/4]
Minimum[⅛ in., t/4] < Offset ≤ Minimum[¼ in., t/3]
> Minimum[¼ in., t/3]
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p
a
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M
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s
≤ Minimum[3/1 6 in., t/4]
Minimum[3/1 6 in., t/4] < Offset ≤ Minimum[⅜ in., t/3]
> Minimum[⅜ in., t/3]
L
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p
NO
YES
YES
None
1
2
NO
YES
YES
None
1
2
d
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM ) AN D LARGER
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13
Bridge Cam gauge
Offset shall be measured with commercially available equipment, such as
a Bridge Cam gauge (Figure 3). Two measurements shall be taken on the same
surface, along the longitudinal axis of the pipe (see Figure 3), one on each side of
the weld. For longitudinal seams, the gauge shall be perpendicular to the weld. Both
measurements shall be taken either across the inside weld or across the outside weld
of the pipe. The offset value is the absolute value of measurement one (O 1 ) minus
measurement two (O 2) divided by two ([O 1 – O 2] / 2).
Offsets determined to require repair by Figure 2 shall be repaired by the
method indicated. In all cases, wall thickness through the finished weld seam shall
be maintained. The manufacturer shall take precautions to minimize recurring
offsets, imperfections, damage, and defects.
4.7.1.1 Repair method 1.
a. Provide a minimum 3:1 taper over the width of the finished inside and
outside welds, or if necessary, add additional weld metal beyond what would
otherwise be the edge of the welds to achieve a continuous 3:1 transition across the
offset.
b. Offsets may also be repaired by removing the weld metal, realigning the
material, and welding in accordance with welding requirements of this standard.
c. Repairs shall be inspected per Sec. 4.7.2, followed by testing in accordance
with Sec. 5.2.1 or Sec. 5.2.2.
4.7.1.2 Repair method 2.
a. Remove the weld metal, realign the material, and weld in accordance
with welding requirements of this standard.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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b. Optionally, the method described in paragraph “a” under Repair method 1
may be used if a representative weld-test specimen with the maximum offset that
has been repaired by such method complies with the requirements of Sec. 4.8.
c. Repairs shall be inspected per Sec. 4.7.2, followed by testing in
accordance with Sec. 5.2.1 or Sec. 5.2.2.
4.7.2 Defects. The finished pipe shall be free from unacceptable
discontinuities. Discontinuities in seamless pipe or in the parent metal of welded
pipe shall be considered defects when the depth of the discontinuity is greater
than 12.5 percent of the wall thickness. Defects in finished pipe as defined in
AWS D1.1/D.1.1M, Table 8.1, visual inspection acceptance criteria for statically
loaded nontubular connections, including cracks, sweats, and leaks, shall be
unacceptable and shall be repaired in accordance with Sec. 4.7.3 and Sec. 4.7.1.
Inspection shall be 100 percent visual inspection (VT) by trained personnel
using acceptance criteria in accordance with AWS D1.1/D1.1M, Table 8.1, for
statically loaded nontubular connections. Additional inspection shall be specified
by the purchaser.
4.7.3 Repair ofdefects. The repair of defects or cutouts in the pipe shall be
permitted. Repairs shall conform to the following requirements:
1. Cracks or other defects in the weld metal shall be removed, the cavity
cleaned, and weld metal deposited. For surface defects, such as undercut or
improper weld profile, the surface shall be cleaned and weld metal deposited.
2. Cutouts in the pipe wall shall be fitted with material of equivalent or
greater thickness and grade as the parent material and welded in place using a CJP
butt joint.
3. The repair weld shall be made by automatic welding or manual welding
by a welder qualified in accordance with this standard.
4. Repairs shall be inspected, followed by testing in accordance with
Sec. 5.2.1 or Sec. 5.2.2.
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s
4.8.1 General. Production weld tests shall be conducted on straight pipe,
spiral, and longitudinal welds. Weld specimens shall be taken perpendicularly
across the weld or from test plates made of material used in the manufacture of the
straight pipe and tested by reduced section tension, bend, and etch tests.
4.8.2 Weld-test specimens. Test plates shall be welded using the same
procedure, operator, and equipment and in sequence with the welding of the
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM ) AN D LARGER
15
represented joints in the pipe. The test plates shall have the weld approximately
in the middle of the specimen. The specimens shall be straightened and tested at
room temperature.
4.8.3 Reduced-section tension specimens. Two reduced-section tension
specimens made in accordance with Figure 4. The specimens shall test to a tensile
strength not less than 100 percent of the minimum specified tensile strength of the
base material used.
4.8.4 Bend-test specimens. Two transverse guided-bend test specimens
shall be prepared in accordance with Figure 5 or ASTM A370 and shall withstand
a 180-degree bend in a jig in accordance with Figure 6, 7, or 8. When performing
the guided-bend tests, one specimen shall be bent so that the specimen face (root)
representing the inside of the pipe is on the inside of the test bend, and the other
specimen shall be bent so that the specimen face representing the inside of the
pipe is on the outside of the test bend. Material ⅜ in. (9.5 mm) or greater in
thickness may, in lieu of transverse-bend tests, be tested with side bends prepared
in accordance with ASTM A370. Four side-bend tests shall be performed—two
for each transverse-bend test. A bend-test specimen shall be considered as having
passed if no crack or other open discontinuity exceeding ⅛ in. (3.2 mm) measured
in any direction is present in the weld metal or at the junction of the weld face
and base metal after the bending. For electric-resistance welded straight-seam pipe
16 in. (400 mm) and smaller in diameter, two face bends or a set of 0-degree and
90-degree flattening tests (ASTM A135/A135M, Section 9) may be performed in
lieu of the above bend tests.
2-in. Radius
1
/8 in.
/4 in.
1
1 /2 in.
1
/4 in.
2 in.
1
Edge of Weld
1
/8 in.
Approx. 1 0 in.
t
This section shall be machined
(preferably by milling).
N OTES :
1 . Weld reinforcement or flash may or may not be removed flush with base metal.
2. To convert inches (in. ) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25. 4.
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Reduced-section tension test specimen
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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Specimen edges may be plasma cut
and also may be machined.
1 1/2 in.
1/8-in. Max.
Weld
Wall
Thickness ( t )
6-in. Min.
N OTES :
1 . Weld reinforcement or flash need not be removed flush with base metal.
2. To convert inches (in.) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.
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Guided-bend test specimen
Hardened Rollers 1 1/2 in. Diameter May Be
Substituted for Jig Shoulders
3/4 in.
Tapped Hole to Suit
Testing Machine
As Required
As Required
Plunger Member
Shoulders Hardened
and Greased
3/4
1 1/8 in.
1/2 in.
3/4 in.
3/4
A
Rad.
RB
RA
6 3/4 in.
3/4 in.
1/4 in.
2-in. Min.
3-in. Min.
1 1/8 in.
ƒ
ƒ
1/8 in.
Chamfer
ƒ
3/4 in.
2 in.
3 7/8 in.
Yoke
ƒ
B
71/2 in.
9 in.
N? ??? :
1 . See Table 3 for jig dimensions.
2. The symbol ƒ indicates a light finish cut; t is the specified wall thickness of pipe.
3. See Figures 7 and 8 for alternative guided-bend test fixtures.
4. To convert inches (in.) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.
Reprinted from ASME 2010 BPVC, Section IX, by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
All rights reserved.
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Jig for guided-bend test
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM ) AN D LARGER
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Guided-bend test jig dimensions*
S
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Radius of male member, RA
Radius of female member, RB
Width of male member, A
Width of groove in female member, B
t
o
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2
,
0
p
0
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4
2t
M
2
,
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0
n
0
i
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0
3t
3 t + 1 /1 6 in.
4t
6t + ⅛ in.
4t + 1 /1 6 in.
6t
8 t + ⅛ in.
u
m
Y
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4
5
,
S
t
r
e
0
0
n
g
t
h
0
3½ t
4½ t + 1 /1 6 in.
7t
9 t + ⅛ in.
—
5
psi
0
,
0
0
0
–5
5
,
0
0
0
4t
5 t + 1 /1 6 in.
8t
10 t + ⅛ in.
* For intermediate yield strength of steel, the above dimensions of the bending jig shall conform to those shown for the next lower
grade or shall be proportional thereto.
Notes:
1. t ≤ specified wall thickness of the pipe.
2. To convert inches (in.) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.
3. To convert pounds per square inch (psi) to kilopascals (kPa), multiply by 6.895.
t
Roller
t + 1/1 6 in. Max.
A
RA = 1/2 A
N OTES :
1 . Dimensions not shown are the option of the designer. The essential consideration is to have adequate rigidity
so that the jig parts will not spring.
2. The specimen shall be firmly clamped on one end so that there can be no sliding of the specimen during the
bending operation.
3. Test specimens shall be removed from the jig when the outer roll has been removed 1 80° from the
starting point.
4. To convert inches (in.) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.
Reprinted from ASME 2010 BPVC, Section IX, by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
All rights reserved.
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Alternative guided-bend wraparound jig
4.8.5 Etching tests. Two etch tests for CJP butt joint production welds
shall be prepared in accordance with ASTM E340. Verification of CJP shall be
done by means of a macroetch of the joint weld cross section.
4.8.6 Defective test specimens. If any test specimen shows defective
machining or develops flaws not associated with the welding, it may be discarded
and another specimen substituted.
4.8.7 Frequency of production weld verification tests. Weld tests are required
if there is a change in any of the following: welding procedure specification, specified
diameter, specified thickness or grade, operator procedure qualification record, or
welding equipment. Weld tests shall be conducted at a maximum interval of once
per 7,500 lin ft (2,286 m) of weld.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
18
AWWA
C200-23
A
2
1
5
3
RA
B
R min. = 3/4 in.
4
R min.
N OTES :
1 . Either hardened and greased shoulders or hardened rollers free to rotate shall be used.
2. The shoulders or rollers shall have a minimum bearing surface of 2 in. (51 mm) for placement of the specimen.
The rollers shall be high enough above the bottom of the jig so that the specimens will clear the rollers when the ram
is in the low position.
3. The ram shall be fitted with an appropriate base and provision made for attachment to the testing machine,
and shall be designed to minimize deflection and misalignment. The ram to be used with the roller jig shall be of
identical dimensions to the ram shown in Figure 6.
4. If desired, either the rollers or the roller supports may be made adjustable in the horizontal direction so that
specimens of t thickness may be tested on the same jig.
5. The roller supports shall be fitted with an appropriate base designed to safeguard against deflection or
misalignment and equipped with means for maintaining the rollers centered, midpoint, and aligned with respect
to the ram.
6. The weld and heat-affected zone in the case of a transverse-weld bend specimen shall be completely within
the bend portion of the specimen after testing.
7. To convert inches (in.) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25.4.
Reprinted from ASME 2010 BPVC, Section IX, by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
All rights reserved.
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Alternative guided-bend roller jig
4.8.8 Retests. If a tested specimen fails to meet the requirements, retests
of two additional specimens from the same lot of pipe shall be made, each of
which shall meet the requirements specified. If such specimens conform to the
specified requirements, all lengths from the lot shall be accepted, except the length
initially selected for testing. If any of the retests fail to conform to the requirements,
the entire lot shall be rejected, or test specimens may be taken from each untested
pipe length at the manufacturer’s option, and each specimen shall meet the
requirements specified or that pipe shall be rejected.
The manufacturer may also elect to retest any length that has failed to pass the
test by cropping back and cutting two additional specimens from the same end. If
the requirements of the original test are met by both of these additional tests, that
length shall be acceptable. The maximum size for a lot will be the pipe produced
requiring no more than one set of weld tests as defined in Sec. 4.8.7.
4.8.9 Weld repair. Weld repair may be made in accordance with
Sec. 4.7.3.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM ) AN D LARGER
Sec. 4.9
Permissible Variations in Dimensions
Sec. 4.1 0
Ancillary Pipe For Specials
Sec. 4.1 1
Preparation of Ends
19
4.9.1 Thickness. Thickness under-tolerance for plate, sheet, or coil
(Table 1) or for ancillary pipe (Sec 4.10) shall be the lesser of the applicable ASTM
standard nominal thickness under-tolerance, 0.010 in. (0.254 mm), or 6 percent
of the thickness defined in Sec. 4.5.3.
4.9.2 Circumference. The outside circumference of the pipe shall not vary
more than ±1.0 percent but not to exceed ¾ in. (19 mm) from the nominal outside
circumference based on the diameter specified, except that the circumference at
ends shall be sized, if necessary, to meet the requirements of Sec. 4.11.
4.9.3 Straightness. The maximum deviation from a straight line, over the
entire pipe length, shall be 0.2 percent of the pipe length.
4.9.4 Lengths. Pipe lengths shall be supplied in accordance with the
following sections:
4.9.4.1 Specified. Specified lengths shall be provided with a tolerance of
±2 in. (±51 mm). This tolerance does not apply to the shorter lengths from which
test coupons have been cut.
4.9.4.2 Circumferential welds. Pipe lengths containing girth welds shall
be permitted. Lap-welded joints for joining lengths of pipe in the shop may be
used by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser subject to the
tolerances set forth in Sec. 4.11.
Pipe less than 36 in. (900 mm) in outside diameter manufactured to meet the
requirements of any of the following specifications and that meets the requirements
of Sec. 4.5.2 is acceptable for use under this standard.
1. For ASTM A53/A53M, all grades, Type E or S.
2. For ASTM A106/A106M, all grades.
3. For API 5L, API Monogrammed, PSL-1 and PSL-2, X42, X46, X52,
X56, or X60.
4. ASTM A135/A135M, all grades that also meet Sec. 5.1.1 and Sec. 5.2
of this standard and that are made from steel that is fully killed and conforms to
fine-grain practice.
Pipe ends shall be smooth and free of notches, weld spatter, and burrs.
4.11.1 Ends for lap joints for field welding. The bell ends shall be formed
by expanding with segmental dies on a hydraulic expander, pressing on a plug die,
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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or by rolling. After forming, the minimum radius of the curvature of the bell end
at any point shall not be less than 15 times the nominal thickness of the pipe wall.
Bell ends formed by rolling shall be completed in a manner to avoid impairment
of the mechanical properties of the steel shell. Joints shall permit a lap, when the
joint is assembled, of at least 1 in. (25 mm). The longitudinal or spiral welds on
the inside of the bell end and the outside of the spigot end on each section of pipe
shall be ground flush with the plate surface. The inside edge of the bell and the
outside edge of the spigot shall be scarfed or lightly ground to remove sharp edges
and burrs.
4.11.2 Ends fitted with butt straps for field welding. Butt strap thickness
shall not be less than the adjoining pipe wall thickness and when assembled shall lap
over the pipe ends a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm). Butt straps may be made in halves
or as complete cylinders. They may be welded to the pipe by the manufacturer
or shipped separately. Welds at faying surfaces of the pipe ends and inside the
butt strap shall be ground flush with the plate surfaces for a distance sufficient to
facilitate installing the butt strap.
4.11.3 Bell-and-spigot ends with rubber gasket. Bell-and-spigot ends shall
be designed so that when the joint is assembled, it will be self-centering and the
gasket will be restrained or confined to an annular space so that the gasket cannot
be displaced by movement of the pipe or the maximum of the working, transient,
or field test pressure. When the joint is completed, compression of the gasket
shall not be dependent on water pressure in the pipe or external pressure and shall
maintain a watertight seal when subjected to the specified conditions.
Note: AWWA Manual M11 shows several types of bell-and-spigot joints
with rubber gaskets. Other types are available from various pipe manufacturers.
4.11.3.1 Fabrication. Bell-and-spigot ends may be formed integrally
with the steel cylinder or may be fabricated from separate plates, sheets, or special
sections for attachment to pipe ends. Bell ends formed integrally with the cylinder
shall be shaped either by pressing over a machined swage or die or by sizing with
an internal expander. Spigot ends may be formed integrally with the steel cylinder
by rolling with suitable equipment or by welding a preformed shape or flat bars to
the spigot end of the pipe to form a groove of the proper configuration. Welds on
the inside of the bell and outside of the spigot shall be ground flush with the plate
surface for a distance not less than the depth of insertion.
4.11.3.2 Rubber gaskets. Terms relating to rubber or elastomer shall be
defined in accordance with ASTM D1566, Standard Terminology Relating to
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM ) AN D LARGER
21
Rubber. The manufacturer shall supply a continuous rubber gasket with smooth
surfaces for each bell-and-spigot joint. All gasket material shall be extruded or
molded in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and
free of porosity, blisters, pitting, or other imperfections that may interfere with
the proper functioning of the sealing system. The size and shape of the gasket
cross section shall be designed for continuous deformed contact with both the bell
and the spigot and shall be of sufficient volume to fill the recess provided for the
gasket when the pipe joint is assembled. Gaskets shall be stored in a location that
will minimize gasket exposure to moisture, high temperature, or extremely low
temperatures. Gaskets shall be protected from the direct rays of the sun. When
installed, gaskets shall not show any surface crazing, cracking, or other evidence of
deterioration.
4.11.3.3 Rubber gasket requirements. The gasket rubber compound
shall contain not less than 50 percent by volume of first-grade synthetic rubber
or synthetic-rubber blends. The remainder of the compound shall consist of
pulverized fillers free from rubber substitutes, reclaimed rubber, and deleterious
substances. When permeation conditions as described in Sec. 4.1 are encountered,
consult the manufacturer for possible alternative gasket materials and properties.
Standard gaskets shall meet the following physical requirements when tested in
accordance with the indicated ASTM standards:
1. Tensile strength: 2,300 psi (15.9 Mpa) minimum (ASTM D412).
2. Elongation at rupture: 350 percent minimum (ASTM D412).
3. Specific gravity: Consistent within ±0.05 and in the range of 0.95–
1.45 (ASTM D297).
4. Compression set: 20 percent maximum. The compression set
determination shall be made in accordance with ASTM D395, except that the disc
shall be a ½-in. (12.7-mm) thick section of the rubber gasket.
5. Tensile strength and elongation after accelerated aging: After being
subjected to an accelerated aging test for 96 h in air at 158°F (70°C) in accordance
with ASTM D573, reduction in tensile strength shall not exceed 15 percent of the
initial value and reduction of elongation shall not exceed 20 percent of the initial
value.
6. Shore durometer: The specified shore-durometer hardness shall be in the
range of 50–65 and shall be determined by using a type A durometer in accordance
with ASTM D2240, with the exception of Section 4 thereof. The determination
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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shall be taken directly on the gasket and shall not vary by more than ±5 points from
the specified durometer.
7. Ozone resistance: Resistance shall be determined in accordance with
ASTM D1149. Test specimens shall be constructed from a finished gasket cross
section and shall be of type A. Conduct the test for 72 h in 50 pphm at 105°F
(40°C) stressed at 20 percent extension. Gasket shall show no cracking.
8. Water immersion: Determine the change in volume in accordance with
ASTM D471. Maximum allowable change in volume shall be 5 percent. The
temperature shall be 158 ± 4°F (70 ± 2°C), and the immersion period shall be 48 h.
Immediately after removal from water, the specimens shall be blotted, weighed,
and the volume increase calculated in accordance with ASTM D471.
4.11.3.4 Testing and certification. Rubber gaskets shall be tested to
ensure that the material is fully cured and homogeneous and that the gasket cross
section contains no voids or physical defects that will impair its ability to maintain
compressive strength and provide the necessary volume as designed. If a splice is
used in the manufacture of round gaskets, each gasket splice shall be subjected
to the requirements of ASTM D2527, Class 3, Nondestructive verification. Any
visible separation of the splices during either the elongation test or the bend test
shall result in the rejection of the gasket.
4.11.3.5 Gasket dimensions and tolerances. Gasket diameter and volume
shall conform to the dimensions specified by the pipe manufacturer. Gasket diameter
tolerance shall be ± 1 /64 in. (0.40 mm). For molded gaskets or gasket material, the
permissible flash shall be a maximum of +0.032 in. (0.80 mm). Maximum mold
mismatch shall not exceed 0.010 in. (0.25 mm).
4.11.3.6 Gasket markings: Gaskets shall be molded or permanently
marked with identification that will provide traceability to the manufacturer, pipe
size, elastomer type, cord size, part number, reel or lot number, country where
extruded or molded, and year of manufacture. Molded markings shall not be on
the sealing surfaces.
4.11.4 Ends fitted with flanges. Ends to be fitted with flanges shall have
the pipe butt joint welds ground flush with the plate or sheet surface for a sufficient
distance from the ends to allow proper installation of the flange.
4.11.5 Ends for field butt joint welding.
4.11.5.1 Squareness of pipe ends. From Figure 9, the pipe end, plane B,
shall not deviate from a plane perpendicular to the required axis at the pipe end,
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM ) AN D LARGER
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Z = Maximum
deviation from
plane B
Plane B
Plane A
Angle Q
Plane offset q
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Field butt joint end tolerance
plane A, by more than the greater of offset q or plane angle Q, where offset q is
¼ in. (6.4 mm) and angle Q is 0.15 degrees rounded up and measured to the
nearest 1 /1 6 in. (1.6 mm).
4.11.5.2 End face tolerance. From the face of the pipe end plane B, the
maximum deviation Z around the circumference of the face of the plane shall be
± 1 /1 6 in. (±1.6 mm) (see Figure 9).
4.11.5.3 Joint bevel configuration. Ends shall be beveled to an angle of
30 degrees, measured perpendicular to the face of the pipe end, plane B, with a
tolerance of +5 degrees, –0 degrees, and with a width of root face (or flat at the end
of the pipe) of 1 /1 6 in. ± 1 /1 6 in. (1.6 mm ±1.6 mm). Other bevel angles may be used
if prior approval between purchaser and constructor is obtained. Bevel angles shall
be in accordance with approved WPS.
4.11.6 Ends for mechanically coupled field joints. Ends for mechanically
coupled field joints shall be plain, grooved, or banded. The outside surfaces of
ends of plain-end pipe shall be free from surface discontinuities and shall have
the longitudinal or spiral welds ground flush with the plate surface for a sufficient
distance from the ends to permit the coupling gaskets to form a watertight seal
against the pipe wall. Grooved or banded ends shall be prepared to fit the type of
mechanical coupling to be used.
4.11.7 Plain-end pipe. Pipe shall be provided with a plain right-angle cut.
Burrs at the ends of the pipe shall be removed.
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4.11.8 Ovality and diameter tolerances at ends. The length of pipe subject
to the stated tolerance shall be that distance that comes in direct contact with the
mating pipe or external appurtenances.
4.11.8.1 Out-of-roundness. The out-of-roundness of pipe ends shall be
consistent with the diameter and wall thickness of the pipe supplied and the type
of joint. Any out-of-roundness shall be limited to a smooth oval that may be jacked
back to a circular shape.
4.11.8.2 Diameter. The diameter of the pipe ends shall be as determined
by accurate circumferential measurement with a steel tape for the following:
1. For lap-joint pipe prepared for field welding, the inside circumference of
the bell end shall not exceed the outside circumference of the spigot end by more
than 0.400 in. (10.2 mm).
2. For bell-and-spigot ends with rubber gaskets, the clearance between
the bells and spigots shall be such that, when combined with the gasket groove
configuration and the gasket itself, watertight joints shall be obtained for the
conditions described in Sec. 4.11.3. The manufacturer shall submit details
complete with significant dimensions and tolerances, including allowable angular
joint deflection. When required by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall submit
performance data indicating that the proposed joint has performed satisfactorily
under similar conditions or, in the absence of a history of field performance, the
results of a joint proof test program shall be submitted.
3. For pipe ends for flanges or butt strap connections, the circumference of
the pipe end shall not vary by more than 0.196 in. (5.0 mm) under or 0.393 in.
(10.0 mm) over the required outside circumference.
4. For ends for field butt joint welding, variation in circumference from the
specified outside circumference shall be within plus or minus the greater of the
specified thickness multiplied by 0.6, or 3/1 6 in. (4.8 mm), for a distance of 4 in.
(100 mm) from the joint end.
5. Ends for mechanical couplings shall have tolerances within the limits
required by the applicable AWWA standard.
4.11.9 Special ends. By agreement between the manufacturer and the
purchaser, the ends of the pipe may be supplied with joint configurations and
tolerances other than those described within this standard. In such cases, pipe ends
shall conform to the description and tolerances of detail drawings provided by the
purchaser.
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM ) AN D LARGER
Sec. 4.1 2
Protective Coatings and Linings
Sec. 4.1 3
Special Sections
Sec. 4.1 4
Fabrication of Special Sections
The pipe and special sections may be provided with a coating or lining
conforming to ANSI/AWWA C203, ANSI/AWWA C205, ANSI/AWWA C209,
ANSI/AWWA C210, ANSI/AWWA C213, ANSI/AWWA C214, ANSI/AWWA
C215, ANSI/AWWA C216, ANSI/AWWA C217, ANSI/AWWA C218, ANSI/
AWWA C222, ANSI/AWWA C224, ANSI/AWWA C225, ANSI/AWWA C229,
ANSI/AWWA C602, or some combination of these systems.
Special sections shall be listed in the purchaser’s documents and shall be
dimensioned in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C208. Dimensions for special
sections not included in ANSI/AWWA C208 shall be in accordance with
descriptions or drawings provided by the purchaser or in accordance with the
manufacturer’s drawings that have been approved by the purchaser.
Pipe or plate used in the manufacture of special sections shall meet the
requirements of this standard.
SECTION 5:
Sec. 5.1
25
VERIFICATION
Inspection
Work performed and material provided under the requirements of this
standard may be inspected by the purchaser, but such inspection shall not relieve the
manufacturer of responsibility to provide material and perform work in accordance
with this standard. If the purchaser desires to inspect the pipe or witness the tests,
reasonable notice shall be given by the manufacturer as to the time at which the
inspection may be made.
5.1.1 Quality assurance. The manufacturer shall maintain a qualityassurance program to ensure that minimum standards are met. It shall include a
CWI to verify that welders and welding procedures are qualified, procedures are
being followed within the limitations of testing, and quality-assurance functions
are being implemented.
5.1.2 Access and facilities. The purchaser shall have access at reasonable
times to those parts of the manufacturer’s plant involved in the manufacture of the
material ordered by the purchaser. The manufacturer shall provide the purchaser
with the facilities necessary to determine that the material is being provided in
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
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accordance with this standard. Tests and inspections shall be made at the place of
manufacture prior to shipment.
5.1.3 Rejection of pipe. The purchaser may reject any pipe sections or
special sections that do not conform to the prescribed test results and tolerances.
Rejected pipe may be repaired in accordance with Sec. 4.7.3 or replaced.
5.1.4 Rejection ofmaterial. Material may be rejected and the manufacturer
notified if the material contains unacceptable defects when inspected at the mill or
subsequent to acceptance at the manufacturer’s plant or if shown to be defective
when properly installed and applied in service. In the event of such defects or error
in selection of materials or wall thicknesses, the manufacturer shall repair or replace
such material.
5.1.5 Finished pipe at delivery destination. Shipments received at the
delivery destination should be inspected by the purchaser for compliance before
and after unloading. Any pipe section or special section that shows dents or
kinks on delivery may be rejected. A description of the damage and the reasons
for rejection should be noted on the bill of lading and initialed by the carrier’s
representative. The manufacturer shall repair or replace the rejected sections subject
to the purchaser’s approval.
5.1.5.1 Reconditioning. Reconditioning of rejected sections shall be
accomplished by rerolling or by pressure but not by hammering. Reconditioned
sections shall be retested hydrostatically at the required pressure if deemed necessary
by the purchaser.
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5.2.1 Hydrostatic testing of pipe. Each length of pipe shall be tested by
the manufacturer to a hydrostatic pressure not less than that determined by the
following formula:
P =
2 St
D
(Eq 5-1)
Where:
P = minimum hydrostatic test pressure (psi [kPa])
S = 0.75 times the specified minimum yield strength of the steel
(psi [kPa])
t = wall thickness (in. [mm])
D = outside diameter (in. [mm])
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STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM ) AN D LARGER
2
7
There shall be no leaks. Any leaks in the welded seams shall be repaired
in accordance with Sec. 4.7.3, after which the pipe section shall be retested per
Sec. 5.2.1. Test pressure shall be held for a sufficient time to observe the weld seams
but not less than 30 s.
After testing, the ends shall be reconditioned when necessary. Any section
showing defects or leaks shall be repaired in accordance with Sec. 4.7.3. Closing
leaks by means of a caulking tool shall not be permitted. Repairs shall be retested
in accordance with Sec. 5.2.2.
Note: By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, other
nondestructive test (NDT) methods may be used in lieu of the hydrostatic test.
5.2.1.1 Other requirements. If joint rings are welded to the pipe after the
hydrostatic test is performed, welds used for that attachment shall be hydrostatically
tested in accordance with Sec. 5.2.1 or other NDT in accordance with Sec. 5.2.2.
5.2.1.2 Previously hydrostatically tested pipe that has been tested in
accordance with this standard and that has had subsequent welding for special
sections does not require additional hydrostatic testing if the additional weld is
tested in accordance with Sec. 5.2.2.
5.2.2 Testing ofspecial sections.
5.2.2.1 Nondestructive testing (NDT). Special sections fabricated from
previously hydrostatically tested straight pipe require 100 percent NDT of only
those pressure-containing welds that were not previously tested in the straight pipe.
Pressure-containing welds in special sections shall be tested by NDT methods,
which may be visual inspection (VT), magnetic particle (MT), liquid penetrant
(PT), ultrasonic (UT), radiographic (RT), or hydrostatic test as specified by the
purchaser. In the absence of such purchaser specifications, the NDT method shall
be chosen by the manufacturer. Nondestructive testing methods are as follows:
1. Visual testing/inspection (VT) in accordance with AWS D1.1/D1.1.M,
Table 8.1, Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria, Statically Loaded Nontubular
Connections. All VT inspections shall be accompanied by one additional method
of NDT.
2. Magnetic particle testing (MT) in accordance with AWS D1.1/D.1.1M,
Clause 8, Part D, 8.14.4, acceptance criteria in accordance with Part C, 8.10, and
Table 8.1, Statically Loaded Nontubular Connection or in accordance with ASME
BPVC, Section V, Article 7, acceptance criteria in accordance with ASME BPVC,
Section VIII, Division 1, appendix 6.
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3. Liquid penetrant testing (PT) in accordance with AWS D1.1/D.1.1M,
Clause 8, Part D, 8.14.5, acceptance criteria in accordance with Part C, 8.10, and
Table 8.1, Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections or in accordance with ASME
BPVC, Section V, Article 6, acceptance criteria in accordance with ASME BPVC,
Section VIII, Division 1, appendix 8.
4. Ultrasonic testing (UT) in accordance with AWS D1.1/D.1.1M, Clause 8,
Part F, acceptance criteria in accordance with Part C, 8.13.1; or in accordance with
ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 4, acceptance criteria in accordance with ASME
BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1, appendix 12; or API 5L, Annex E.
5. Radiographic testing (RT) in accordance with AWS D1.1/D.1.1M,
Clause 8, Part E, acceptance criteria in accordance with Part C, 8.12.1; or in
accordance with ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 2, acceptance criteria in
accordance with ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1, Part UW, UW-51 or
UW-52 as applicable; or API 5L, Annex E.
6. Hydrostatic testing. Special sections may be tested in a hydrostatic
testing machine, by welding on heads, by use of blind flanges, or by applying other
pressure-containing methods. Test pressure, not to exceed the maximum pressure
to which the special section was designed, and duration shall be as determined by
Sec. 5.2.1.
7. Air test. Air testing of collars, wrappers, and flanges may be performed
by applying 40 psi (276 kPa) of air, or other satisfactory gas, into the annular space
between fillet welds that must hold pressure for a period of 5 min. If the pressure
remains at 40 psi, the welds are acceptable. If the test pressure drops below 40 psi,
apply a soap solution to the welds and reapply the pressure to 40 psi. Mark and
repair any leaks indicated by the escaping gas bubbles. Openings used for testing
shall be seal welded.
5.2.2.2 NDT qualification. Personnel performing MT, PT, UT, or RT
shall be NDT Level II or NDT Level I working under an NDT Level II qualified
according to American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Recommended Practice
No. SNT-TC-1A. Only NDT Level II or NDT Level III personnel shall interpret
test results. Personnel performing VT shall be a CWI or by an individual who
by training, experience, or both in metals fabrication, inspection, and testing is
competent to perform the visual inspection.
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Instrument gauges and other testing and measuring equipment used in
activities affecting quality shall be of the proper range, type, and accuracy to
Copyright © 2024 by American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved
STEEL WATER PI PE, 6 IN . (1 50 MM ) AN D LARGER
29
verify conformance with specified requirements. Procedures shall be in effect to
ensure the equipment is calibrated and certified at no longer than annual intervals.
Calibration shall be against measurement standards that have a known relationship
to national standards when such standards exist.
Sec. 5.4
Test Reports
If specified by the purchaser, any reports of the material or manufacturing
tests under this standard shall be submitted to the purchaser.
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Sec. 6.1
Marking
Sec. 6.2
Handling and Loading
Sec. 6.3
Affidavit of Compliance
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A serial number or other identification mark shall be applied in a conspicuous
location on each section of pipe and each special section. If the pipe is coated or
lined, such marking shall be transferred to the coating or lining. The manufacturer
may be required to provide the purchaser with line diagrams or laying schedules
showing where each numbered pipe or special section belongs in the pipeline. The
numbers on such diagrams or schedules shall correspond with those on the pipes
and special sections.
The transportation and handling of coated or lined pipe shall be in accordance
with the purchaser’s documents or, in the absence of such, in accordance with
the pipe manufacturer’s recommendation. Pipe shall be handled with proper
equipment and in a manner that prevents distortion or damage. The use of hooks
or clamps that could kink or bend the ends will not be permitted. Loading shall
be done in such a manner as to prevent projections on any pipe length, such as
ends with lap joints or ends with bells and spigots for rubber-gasketed joints, from
rubbing against one another or against another pipe length.
6.2.1 Out-of-roundness. Pipe shall be loaded so as to ensure that out-ofroundness shall not exceed the limits specified by the purchaser.
The purchaser may require an affidavit from the manufacturer stating that
the pipe, special sections, and other products or materials provided under the
purchaser’s documents comply with all applicable provisions of this standard.
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