Quarter 4 – Module 7: Context of Text Development Development Team of the Module Writer: Renzy Russel D. Reyes Editor: Noelyn A. Ingayan Reviewer: Rolylyn H. Dado Layout Artist: Ralph Berly A. Pineda Management Team: SDS Zenia G. Mostoles, EdD, CESO V ASDS Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD, CESE ASDS Rowena T. Quiambao, CESE CID Chief, Celia R. Lacanlale, PhD SGOD Chief, Arceli S. Lopez, PhD June D. Cunanan, EPS-I, English Ruby M. Jimenez, EPS-I, LRMDS Published by: Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando, Pampanga Telephone No: (045) 435-2728 E-mail Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph Introductory Message Welcome to The Reading and Writing Skills for Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Context of Text Development. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. Welcome to the Reading and Writing Skills for Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Context of Text Development. We live in a world where information is just a click away and is within reach of every person. Internet provides people a variety of information. They rely on the Internet for education, socialization and entertainment among others. In this era of technology, readers are very much open to use either the print or the non-print medium for reading. To some, they are more comfortable to use the former as they can browse back and forth for clarity and mastery without prejudice to some visual discomforts. However, a number of readers especially those who belong to the millennial period are more attuned to the latter because undeniably, it offers an array of information. This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. In this module, students obtain information in a customized way – through hypertext and make connections between a text and the context in which the text is developed, intertextuality. Being a critical reader also involves understanding that texts are always developed in a certain text. A text is neither nor read in a vacuum; its meaning and interpretation are affected by a given set of circumstances. Please help the learners in sharing their ideas and knowledge from their experiences so that there will be collaboration and learning will be easy. Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the value of honesty while answering this module. In the course of browsing information, there are readers who find pleasure and satisfaction in the text by connecting it with a similar narrative or issue thus making the reading material more comprehensible and meaningful. However, some readers with the intention to further enrich the information at hand, deliberately open the highlighted parts or links of the text. Both practices cover the intertextuality and the hypertextuality of the content and the context of the reading material. Knowledge of the text’s context helps in appreciating the text’s message more deeply. At the end of this module, you are expected to: 1. Explain the concept of hypertext and intertextuality; 2. Obtain information in a customized way through hypertext; and 3. Make connections between a text and the context in which the text is developed. Read the following statements below. Write IT if the statement is Intertext and HT if it is Hypertext. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. The ability to create connections among various texts that enhances the meaning of the reading material. 2. Allows readers to study a text semantically. 3. Unintentionally seeing patterns (that are apparent in another text) in the materials being read. 4. Creates a network of linked materials and encourages readers to go through the material at their pace. 5. The complex inter-relationship between a text and other texts taken as fundamental to the creation and interpretation of the text. 6. Removes the burden of making meaning from the author to the reader. 7. Uses the reference of the full story in another text or story as its backbone. 8. It is the way that one text influences another. 9. It is simply a non-linear way of presenting information. 10. This can be a direct borrowing such as a quotation or plagiarism, or slightly more indirect such as parody, pastiche, allusion, or translation. Context is defined as the social, cultural, political, historical and other related circumstances that surround the text and form the terms from which it can be better understood and evaluated through hypertext and intertext. In the Venn Diagram, cite the similarities and differences between Intertextuality and Hypertextuality. Intertextuality Hypertextuality Do you think that an author’s personal background, as well as the environment where he/she lived in, influence his/her writing? If so, can you cite 3-5 authors you know and the proof of their work? An example is done for you. Author Work Jose Rizal Noli Me Tangere Proof He described Spanish-era Philippines, from the architecture to the culture, even though he used fictional characters. Identifying the Context of Text Development Intertextuality In considering the text of a text’s development, one essential technique is describing its intertextual link to another text. Intertextuality defines as comparing the meaning of a text by another text. It deals with the influences between language, images, characters, themes or subjects depending on their similarities in language, genre or discourse. This is evident when you read one text and you reference another, or when you adopt and changes a prior text. This sight emphasizes that the text is always influenced by previous texts and in turn anticipates future texts. A text surrounds with cultural, historical and social knowledge, which enhances to and affects one another. Thus, intertextuality develops a discussion among various texts and explanations of the writer, the audience and the recent cultural contexts. For example, there are local legends of folk heroes which have many versions of these tales exist. One of these is the folk hero, Bernardo Carpio which says he is a giant of earthquake mythology. There is also Poseidon, in Greek mythology, who is the god of sea and earthquakes. Different cultures also attribute natural disasters to legendary figures. That’s an example of intertextuality. Hypertext On the other hand, hypertext is a comparatively different way of reading a text online. Reading was usually viewed as a linear process where you read from the beginning to the end. However, the advent of using internet and technology has created new ways of reading and processing a text, which includes hypertext. Therefore, hypertext is simply defined as a nonlinear way of presenting information. It associates topics on a screen to related information, graphics, videos and music where information is not simply connected to the text. This information shows as links and is usually accessed by clicking. The reader can find more information about a topic, which may have more links. This opens up the reader to a wider horizon of information to a new direction. A reader can browse through segments of a text, easily jumping from one part to another depending on what aspect of the text interests him/her. Thus, in reading with hypertext, you are given more flexibility because you get to select the order in which you read the text and focus on information that is relevant to your interests. Therefore, you create your own interpretation out of the material. For instance, you are researching about the Philippine eagle. It would lead from a quick Google search to a Wikipedia article on it. A picture and a brief written description would be on the information. While reading about the Philippine eagle, you will also encounter links to its conservation status. This may lead you to more information about conservation status. Hence, depending on your purpose and interests, the article on the Philippine eagle could lead you to a series of different detailed paths. Source: https://elcomblus.com/identifying-the-context-of-text-development/ Discussion of Activity 1 Synthesis Eggs – Watch A New Idea Hatch! 1. Write the things you know about the topic: Hypertext and Intertextuality on the first egg. 2. Write the new information you have learned after the discussion of the lesson on the second egg. 3. Synthesize your understanding and write it in the third egg. Topic: ___________________________________________ PRIOR KNOWLEDGE (What I already know) NEW INFORMATION (What I read in the text) SYNTHESIS (My new understanding is) Looking at the topic which is the picture pasted in the middle of the graphic organizer below, look for related terms and pictures (cut out from old magazines, newspapers and the like available in your home) that best represent the terms. Paste the cut-out pictures of the related terms in the surrounding boxes around the topic. Pick one photo below and think of other characters or stories which resemble to the story of your chosen character. (Photos from Google images) Example: Beowulf is an interesting example of intertextuality because the monster, Grendel, is said to be a descendant of the Biblical figure of Cain. The first Beowulf poet would probably have assumed his reader would have understood this allusion and, indeed, know a great deal about the Bible stories. Intertextuality ________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. Fill out the figure below with the advantages and disadvantages of both the intertext and hypertext at least 5 each. INTERTEXT HYPERTEXT ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Ex.: It focuses on Ex.:It seems to Ex.:It is useful for Ex.: It is not require specialist technical skills. essential in the the process of knowledge. broader sense of composition. learning. Read any topic of your interest from newspaper or any reading materials available in your home. Enhance it either through intertext or hypertext with your own interpretation by writing a 100-word paragraph. ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. There are three given texts below. Identify what kind of intertextuality is found in each text and briefly explain why. Answers may be different as long as you can justify your answer. Text 1: Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation: conceived in liberty, dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war … testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated … can long endure. We are met on a gret battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that this nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. Source: https://www.historynet.com/gettysburg-address-text Text 2. A Successful Failure (by Glenn Frank) Several years ago, there appeared a series of papers that purported to be confessions of a succesful man who was under no delusion as to the essential quality of his attainments. The papers are not before me as I write, and I must trust to memory and a few penciled notes made at the time of their appearance, but it will be interesting to recall his confessions regarding his education. I think they paint a fairly faithful picture of the mind of the averge college graduate. He stated that he came from a family that prided itself on its culture and intellectuality and that had always been a family of professional folk. His grandfather was a clergyman; among his uncles were a lawyer, a physician and a professor; his sisters married professional men. He received a fairly good primry and secondary education, and was graduated from his university with honors. He was, he stated, of a distinctly literary turn of mind, and during his four years at college imbibed some slight information concerning the English classics as well as modern history and metaphysics, so that he could talk quite glibly about Chaucer, Beaumont and Fletcher, Thomas Love Peacock, and Ann Radcliffe, and speak with apparent familiarity about Kant and Schopenhauer. Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/445305195/Creus-Billy-Joy Text 3. I Have a Dream (by Martin Luther King, Jr.) I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. Source: https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm From the three given texts from the Independent Activity 3, choose one which you can enhance through intertext or hypertext. Reading Text Example: I Have a Dream (by Martin Luther King, Jr.) Enhanced Output Intertext Anger lasts a little while, but kindness lasts for a lifetime. At night we may cry, but when morning comes, we will celebrate. Note down at least 5 guidelines each as learned needed for reading and writing through Intertext and Hypertext. Context of Text Development Guidelines Intertext Example: Interrelationship between texts. Hypertext Example: Creating links between information. Reflect on what you have accomplished in this module by completing the following phrases: • What I did: • What I enjoyed: • What I found difficult: • What really worked: • Next time: Put a tick ( / ) mark if the statement is true and an (x) mark if it is not, then correct or paraphrase the statement to make it true. _________1. The meaning of a text is dependent on the other texts. _________2. Authors tend to build on previous authors have published or started. _________3. We can gain full understanding of a concept by referring to one text. _________4. A well-written research paper has several references. _________5. If you want to know more about the topic, you need to read references tackling the same thing. _________6. Intertextuality requires citing or referencing punctuation (such as quotation marks) and is often mistaken for plagiarism. _________7. When using context, try to represent several perspectives – by citing different sources. _________8. There is only one way by which a text is developed. _________9. Look at an author’s references and read them, too. _________10. Hypertext helps people understand better by referring to multiple texts to compare meaning. In one whole sheet of paper, write a 200-word critique of a song of your own choice (it can be OPM or English) and point out the intertextuality present in its lyrics/music video. Write it in a tablet paper, along with the lyrics of the song. 1. IT 2. HT 3. IT 4. HT 5. IT 6. HT 7. IT 8. IT 9. HT 10.IT What I Know 1. X (not dependent) 2. / 3. X (referring to multiple texts) 4. / 5. / 6. X (does not require) 7. / 8. X (multiple ways) 9. / 10.X (Intertext) Answers may vary. What's More Assessment References 1. Anudin, Ali, et al., Reading and Writing Teacher’s Manual, Department of Education, 2016 2. Dayagbil, Filomena, et al., Critical Reading and Writing for the Senior High School, 2016 3. Creus, Billy Joy. “Context of Text Development”. Scribd. Accessed February 3, 2020. https://www.scribd.com/document/445305195/Creus-Billy-Joy 4. “Context, Hypertext, and Intertext (Lesson Guide)”. Elcomblus. Accessed April 11, 2019. https://elcomblus.com/context-hypertext-and-intertext/ 5. “Identifying the Context of Text Development”, Elcomblus, Accessed November 19, 2019, https://elcomblus.com/identifying-the-context-of-text-development/ 6. “I Have a Dream”. American Rhetoric. Accessed February 14, 2019. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm 7. “The Gettysburg Address”. HistoryNet. https://www.historynet.com/gettysburg-address-text 8. Illustrations https://www.freepik.com/ For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Schools Division of Pampanga, Learning Resource Management System High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando Pampanga, Philippines 1200 Telephone No: (045) 435-2728 Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph
