Welcome to our class
in ED 701
Contemporary
Philosophy of
Education
Course Professor: Dr. May Q.
Apat
MERAFLOR ALINSOG GASQUE
MA-ELE Student
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What is
BEHAVIORISM?
PROPONENTS
METAPHYSICS
EPISTEMOLOGY
AXIOLOGY
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BEHAVIORISM
 Is a philosophy based on behavioristic psychology. This philosophical
orientation maintains that environmental factors shape people’s
behavior
 It is explained in terms of reflexes conditioned by reward and
punishment
 Behaviors can be measured, trained and changed
 It can be studied in a systematic and observable
manner
 Behaviorists look at learning as an aspect of
conditioning and advocate a system of rewards and
targets in education.
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 Behaviorists recognize two different kinds of observable behavior: external
behavior, which is sometimes characterized as overt, external, or molar
(pertaining to the whole); and internal behavior, which is alternatively called
covert, implicit, deep, or central behavior.
 Contemporary behaviorism involve a number of sources, movements and
individuals. It is a compartment of a larger field, called behavior analysis.

Behavior analysis itself is comprised of the philosophy of science called
behaviorism, a methodological and basic research domain and a practical arena,
devoted to solving significant problems of society.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS
1. People engage in behavior
2. Behavior consists of everything the body does
3. Mechanisms of learning exert their influence through physical
environment in which person lives; involving stimuli
which precede behavior
4. One must learn how environmental experiences develop behavior
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U N I V E R S I 1.T YBehavior
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BEHAVIORIST
JOHN B. WATSON
 The Father of Behaviorism
 known for the Little Albert experiment, in
which he demonstrated that a child could be
conditioned to fear a previously neutral
stimulus. His research also revealed that this
fear could be generalized to other similar
objects.
1878-1958
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BEHAVIORIST
B.F SKINNER
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
 Known for: Operant conditioning,
Radical behaviorism, Applied behavior
analysis, Verbal Behavior
 Skinner (1948) studied operant
conditioning by conducting
experiments using animals which he
placed in a 'Skinner Box'
1904-1990
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BEHAVIORIST
A Skinner box, also known as an operant conditioning
chamber, is a device used to objectively record an
animal's behavior in a compressed time frame. An animal
can be rewarded or punished for engaging in certain
behaviors, such as lever pressing (for rats) or key pecking
(for pigeons).
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BEHAVIORIST
IVAN PAVLOV
 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was a Russian
physiologist known primarily for his work
in classical conditioning.
 Classical conditioning is a learning
process that occurs through associations
between an environmental stimulus and a
naturally occurring stimulus.
1849-1936
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 Behaviorists believed that human beings are
shaped entirely by their external environment.
 If you alter a person's environment, you will alter
his or her thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
 The system is based on rewards and
punishments.
 Behaviorists believe that if teachers provide
positive reinforcement, or rewards, whenever
students perform a desired behavior, they will
learn to perform the behavior on their own.
The same concept applies to punishments.
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 Behaviorists think people act in response to
internally or externally generated physical stimuli.
 They basically consider human nature to be the
product of one's environment.
 An example of behaviorism is when teachers
reward their class or certain students with a
party or special treat at the end of the week for
good behavior throughout the week.
 The same concept is used with punishments.
The teacher can take away certain privileges
if the student misbehaves.
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BEHAVIORISM
1 Metaphysics
 fundamental nature of reality
2 Epistemology
 study of the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge
3
Axiology
 nature and classification of values
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1 Metaphysics
 The only reality is the physical world that we discern through
careful, scientific observation; that behavior is shaped
deliberately by forces in the environment and that the type of
person and actions desired can be the product of design.
 Metaphysical behaviorism by John B. Watson (1878–1958)
denies the existence of mind and consciousness and proposes
that all mentalistic concepts be properly defined (or redefined) in
terms of observable behavior.
 Watson maintained that behavior can be explained entirely in
terms of stimulus and response, without the intervention of
mental or conscious events and activities.
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2 Epistemology
 Behaviorism stresses scientific information and
observation, rather than subjective or
metaphysical realities.
Behaviorists search for laws that govern human
behavior like scientists who look for
patterns
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3 Axiology
 Considers our sense of
beauty as environmentally
formed. The reason lies in
the way our environment
has shaped our tastes.
 By carefully shaping
desirable behavior, morality
and information is learned.
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PURPOSE OF
EDUCATION
 To encourage subjects to learn new
information and change their attitudes
through altering conditions in
environment and reinforcing positive
behaviors.
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THE TEACHER
 Help students learn by conditioning; observes
a person’s response to the environment and
then manipulate stimuli in the environment to
bring about learning and behavior change.
THE CHILD
 Learns depending on readiness and level of
motivation
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TEACHING
STRATEGY
 Identification of the desired behaviors in
measurable, observable terms
 Recording these behaviors and their
frequencies
 Identifying appropriate reinforces for each desired
behavior; and providing the reinforce as soon as
the student displays the behavior ; drill and
practice programs; operant conditioning
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SUMMARY
BEHAVIORISM
Philosophical orientation maintains that
environmental factors shape people’s behavior
METAPHYSICS
behavior is shaped deliberately by forces in
the environment
EPISTEMOLOGY
Stresses scientific information and
observation, rather than subjective realities
AXIOLOGY
Considers our sense of beauty as
environmentally formed
THE 3 MAIN PROPONENTS OF BEHAVIORISM:
John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov
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MERAFLOR ALINSOG GASQUE
Discussant
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UNIVER SITY
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REFERENCES
Bruce A. Thyer (1999). The Philosophical Legacy of
Behaviorism . University of Georgia, Athens USA. All
Rights Reserved
Black (2004). Philosophy of the Mind. California State
University, Northridge
Richard F. Kitchener. Epistemological Behaviorism.
Colorado State University
Baulo and Nabua (2019). Behaviorism: Its Implication to
Education
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