IMPORTANT HOTS QUESTION
21BTB102T/INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
1. How did the eukaryotic cell develop organelles -which was missing in prokaryoteswhich were the first organisms on earth?
Ans:( the endosymbiotic theory)
2. Give the ethical and legal issues of using stem cell.
Ans: (Ethical issues specific to human cloning include: the safety and
efficacy of the procedure, cloning for destructive embryonic stem cell
research, the effects of reproductive cloning on the child/parent
relationship, and the commodification of human life as a research
product.)
3. Human genome project – found the complete sequence of 46 chromosomes.- using
this information what can be done.
Ans: (Personalised medicines, new drug targets, prediction of risks to
diseases, familial disease identification, …. And many more)
4. Justify why structure of a protein determines the function of the protein.
Ans: (Protein function is based on structure. Shape of a protein determines
function like hormones, enzymes will be globular, and will do various
metabolic functions while fibrous like keratin hold the cell structure)
5. Explain how invitro fertilization is related to stem cellAns: (embryonic stem cells)
6. Mesoderm forms the circulatory system- what is the parts and function of circulatory
system
Ans: (heart ,vascular system of arteries and veins, lungs etc)
7. Diabetes disease – what is the role of carbohydrates in this disease?
Ans: (Blood sugar should be 120mg/dL- anything higher is diabetescaused by insulin resistance due to which cells receive less sugar and
hence metabolism and cellular functions are disrupted)
8. Iterate how genomics can be used to make personalized medicines.
Ans: (genomics means whole genome of a patient is known. Hence by
looking at the genomic information- medicines that will cause less
sideeffects to the patient can be prescribed)
9. Design a neural network that you would predict cancer risk.
Ans: (many ways to answer this- e.g. input nodes- risk factors like
herediatary, smoking , occupational hazard- the inner nodes should be
weights for these risks- out put should be % of risk)
10. You have a database of cancer cell images. Explain a machine learning algorithm
that you could use for predicting cancer in cell images
Ans: (many ways to answer eg: use support vector machine algorithm
classify cancer images from normal images of cell- using this build a
prediction model)
11. Explain the development of vaccines for corona virus.
Ans: (The Pfizer/BioNTech Comirnaty vaccine, The SII/COVISHIELD ,
AstraZeneca, The Janssen/Ad26.COV 2.S vaccine developed by Johnson
& Johnson, The Moderna COVID-19 vaccine,The Sinopharm COVID-19
vaccine,The Sinovac - CoronaVac vaccine,The Bharat Biotech BBV152
COVAXIN vaccine, some details of the few vaccine developed.