A NETWORK DESIGN PROPOSAL FOR THE COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
KENNETH M. GARFIN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
JUNE 2024
A NETWORK DESIGN PROPOSAL FOR THE COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY
OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
KENNETH M. GARFIN
Network Design Proposal Submitted to the Department of Computing and
Library Information Science, College of Engineering and Information
Technology, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial
Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Course Networks and Communications
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
=
JUNE 2024
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PRELIMINARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................. 4
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 6
Abstract...................................................................................................... 6
Background of the Study ............................................................................ 6
Statement of the Problem .......................................................................... 8
Implications ............................................................................... 9
Objective of the Study ................................................................................ 9
Scope and Limitation................................................................................ 10
Scope of the study .................................................................. 10
Limitations of the Study ........................................................... 11
Time and Place of the Study .................................................................... 12
Time of the Study .................................................................... 12
Place of the study ................................................................... 12
Operational Definition of Terms ................................................................ 13
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ......................................................... 15
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK..................................................................... 19
Methodology ............................................................................................ 19
5
Research Design ..................................................................................... 19
Discussion - The Network Plan (LAN, WAN) ............................................ 21
LAN Design .............................................................................................. 21
Topology ................................................................................. 21
WAN Design ............................................................................................ 23
NETWORK TOPOLOGY............................................................................... 27
WAN ........................................................................................................ 27
LAN.......................................................................................................... 28
Detailed Network Layout .......................................................................... 29
Cost Analysis ........................................................................................... 30
Sustainability ............................................................................................ 32
Network Management .............................................................................. 34
Disaster Plan ........................................................................................... 35
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................. 37
LITERATURE CITED .................................................................................... 40
APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 43
LAN TOPOLOGY ..................................................................................... 44
6
INTRODUCTION
Abstract
This study focuses on the design and implementation of a robust network
infrastructure for the College of Engineering and Information Technology (CEIT)
at the University of Southern Mindanao. The current network faces significant
issues, including inconsistent coverage, limited bandwidth, and insufficient
wireless connectivity, which hinder academic and administrative functions. A
comprehensive assessment was conducted to identify these shortcomings,
followed by the development of a detailed network design. The new design aims
to enhance network coverage, increase bandwidth capacity, optimize wireless
connectivity, and improve security measures. The implementation plan includes
structured phases: assessment, design, installation, and optimization. This
project is expected to significantly improve the user experience for students,
faculty, and staff, providing a scalable and sustainable solution for future needs.
The study also integrates sustainable practices and a comprehensive disaster
recovery plan, ensuring the resilience and long-term viability of the network
infrastructure.
Background of the Study
In this digital age, a robust network infrastructure is essentially the
backbone of educational institutions. A well-orchestrated network not only
facilitates a broad spectrum usage of educational technologies but also assures
seamless connectivity whereby learners and staff access the resources
effectively. Now internet access has become one of the essential resources in
7
any learning environment since learning methodologies are being integrated
with more online learning using various digital tools.
In a study regarding the effect of computer networking in learning
institutions,
network
infrastructure
facilitates
different
academic
and
administrative activities. These networks, however, have continued to face
severe challenges in delivering coverage consistently, more so in high-density
areas such as computer laboratories and classrooms. This inconsistency is
more pronounced during peak usage times, leading to frequent slowdowns and
connectivity drops.
At present, our infrastructure does not provide uniform coverage in hightraffic areas. The existing system lacks the needed bandwidth and good
equipment quality for supporting multiple devices being used simultaneously,
which is why the system often slows down to a crawl or drops out entirely. These
connectivity issues are a consistent problem for students that heavily affect their
participation in performing activities online, accessing digital study resources,
and even working on group projects.
Our network infrastructure has to be redesigned because of the increase
in student numbers and the availability of devices—all depending on the
Internet. Most educational institutions now entirely rely upon their network
infrastructure to utilize different kinds of tools for digital learning; therefore,
insufficient infrastructure can significantly hamper academic performance and
administrative efficiency (EDUCAUSE Library, n.d.). With further growing
enrollments and uses of digital tools in the curriculum, the current limitations of
the network will be realized.
8
It is due time to have a network infrastructure that can well accommodate
these growing needs and provide reliable, robust, and secure connectivity
across all areas of the campus. This new design will ensure that every student
and faculty have a way to access resources from all areas of the building in a
seamless manner, thereby fostering a more conducive learning and working
environment.
Statement of the Problem
The existing network infrastructure in our college building is outdated
and inadequate, leading to significant connectivity issues and hindering the
educational process.
1. Inconsistent Network Coverage: There are several areas within
the building, particularly in the high-density zones such as computer
laboratories and classrooms, where the network coverage is weak
or inconsistent. This results in frequent disconnections and poor
internet performance.
2. Limited Bandwidth: The current network setup cannot support the
high volume of simultaneous users and devices, leading to slow
internet speeds and reduced productivity. This is particularly
problematic during peak usage times when students and staffs
experience significant delays.
3. Insufficient Wireless Connectivity: The wireless network does not
provide comprehensive coverage throughout the building, affecting
mobility and access to internet resources in common areas and
certain rooms.
9
Implications
The problems collectively hinder the academic and administrative
functions of the college. Students and faculty face disruptions in accessing
online educational materials and tools, which negatively impacts the quality of
education.
Objective of the Study
To design and implement a robust, high-speed, and secure network
infrastructure for our college building that meets the current and future needs of
the students, faculty, and administrative staff.
1. Enhance Network Coverage: To provide reliable and consistent
network coverage across all areas of the college building, including,
computer laboratories, classrooms, offices, and common areas.
2. Increase
Bandwidth
infrastructure
to
Capacity:
support
To
upgrade
the
network
high-speed
internet
access
and
accommodate a large number of simultaneous users and devices
without performance degradation.
3. Optimize Wireless Connectivity: To ensure comprehensive
wireless
connectivity
throughout
the
building,
facilitating
uninterrupted access to internet resources in all rooms and common
areas.
10
4. Improve security: To implement security measures to protect the
network from cyberthreats that will ensure the confidentiality and
integrity of academic and administrative data.
5. Enhance User Experience: To improve overall user experience for
students, faculty, and staff by providing fast, reliable, and secure
internet access, thus supporting the academic and administrative
activities in the building more effectively and efficiently.
Scope and Limitation
Scope of the study
The scope of this study encompasses the design and implementation of
a comprehensive network infrastructure for the entire college building that is
specifically tailored to the needs of the College of Engineering and Information
Technology (CEIT) at the University of Southern Mindanao. The study includes:
1. Coverage Area: The study will cover all areas of the two-story
college building, including:
a. At least 15 Classrooms
b. Three computer laboratories
c. Faculty Office
d. Common areas like entrance lobby and hallways
2. Network Design Elements:
a. Assessment of the current network infrastructure
b. Development of a new network design plan
c. Installation of new network hardware and software
d. Implementation of high-speed wired and wireless connectivity
e. Integration of robust security measures
11
3. Performance Goals:
a. Ensure reliable and consistent network coverage throughout
the building
b. Provide high-speed internet access capable of supporting
multiple devices simultaneously
4. Project Phases
a. Assessment Phase: Evaluation of the current network setup.
b. Design Phase: Creation of comprehensive network design
plan.
c. Implementation Phase: Deployment of the new network
infrastructure.
d. Testing and Optimization Phase: Post-implementation
testing and fine-tuning.
Limitations of the Study
While this study aims to provide a network solution, several limitations
must be acknowledged:
1. Budget Constraints: The scope of the network design and the
quality of the equipment to be used will be limited by the available
budget.
2. Existing Infrastructure: The current physical layout and existing
infrastructure of the building may pose challenges to the
implementation of the new network design.
12
Time and Place of the Study
Time of the Study
The study will be conducted over a period of six months, from June 2024
to November 2024. The timeline is divided into four main phases:
1. Assessment Phase (June 2024)
a. A comprehensive assessment of the current network
infrastructure.
b. Identification of existing issues and areas for improvement.
2. Design Phase (July – August 2024)
a. Development of a detailed network design plan.
b. Selection of appropriate hardware and software solutions
3. Implementation Phase (September – October 2024)
a. Installation of new network equipment and configuration of the
system.
b. Execution of the network design plan across the college
building.
4. Testing and Optimization Phase (November 2024)
a. Conducting extensive testing to ensure optimal performance.
b. Making necessary adjustments and optimizations based on
results.
Place of the study
The study will be conducted at the University of Southern Mindanao,
located in Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines. The specific site for the study is the
main CEIT building, which consists of two floors and the following areas:
1. Classrooms: Multiple classrooms across both floors, each
accommodating up to 50 students.
13
2. Computer laboratories: Three dedicated computer labs equipped
with multiple PCs.
3. Faculty Offices: Offices used by the faculty and administrative staff.
4. Common Areas: Spaces such as the entrance lobby and hallways
where students and staff frequently gather.
Operational Definition of Terms
Bandwidth – The maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. In this
study, bandwidth refers to the capacity of the network to handle internet traffic
without performance degradation.
Network Coverage – The extent to which the network signal is available and
strong across different areas of the college building. It indicates the reliability
and consistency of network connectivity.
Wireless Connectivity – The ability of devices to connect to the network
wirelessly. This includes the performance and coverage of Wi-Fi signals within
the college premises.
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) – A method of creating distinct broadcast
domains within a single physical network infrastructure. VLANs are used to
segment network traffic for improved security and performance.
QoS (Quality of Service) – A set of technologies used to manage network
traffic and ensure the performance of critical applications by prioritizing specific
types of data.
Firewall – A network security device that monitors and controls incoming and
outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. In this study, it
refers to the Cisco Firepower 2140 used to protect the network from external
threats.
Redundancy – The inclusion of extra components that are not strictly
necessary to functioning, used in case of failure in other components.
Redundancy ensures continuous network availability.
14
ISP (Internet Service Provider) – A company that provides individuals and
organizations with access to the internet. The study discusses primary and
secondary ISPs for ensuring reliable internet connectivity.
Mesh Networks – A network topology in which each node relays data for the
network. Mesh networks provide enhanced connectivity and performance in
complex environments.
Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) – The latest generation of Wi-Fi technology, offering higher
data rates, increased capacity, improved performance in dense environments,
and better power efficiency.
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) – A device that provides emergency
power to a load when the input power source fails. It is used to ensure
continuous power supply to network equipment.
Network Topology – The arrangement of different elements (links, nodes, etc.)
in a computer network. This study uses a star topology for the LAN design.
Latency – The time it takes for data to travel from the source to the destination.
In this study, low latency is critical for ensuring smooth network performance.
Intrusion Detection/Prevention System (IDS/IPS) – Systems that monitor
network traffic for suspicious activity and potential threats. IDS/IPS are
integrated into the firewall to enhance network security.
Structured Cabling – A standardized approach to installing a cabling system
that can support multiple hardware uses. Structured cabling ensures organized
and scalable network infrastructure.
Access Point (AP) – A device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired
network using Wi-Fi. The study discusses the strategic placement of APs to
ensure comprehensive wireless coverage.
Network Monitoring Tools – Software used to continuously monitor the
performance, security, and health of a network. Tools like SolarWinds and
Nagios are examples mentioned in the study.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Network infrastructure underlies the ability of contemporary educational
establishments to function. It ensures the connectivity between academic
processes and administrative functions within the learning process. This rapidly
changing perspective, especially in recent times toward online learning due to
global events like the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizes the critical importance
that robust network systems play in educational establishments. This review
examines the importance, challenges, technological advances, case studies,
and impacts on academic outcomes. The synthesis analyzes the implications of
various studies based on the understanding of how advanced network systems
benefit educational environments.
Network infrastructure is essential for supporting digital tools and
resources in educational environments. Vorovshchikov et al. (2020) highlight
that integrating network systems in schools facilitates comprehensive didactic
and methodological support, enhancing research culture among students
(Vorovshchikov et al., 2020). Similarly, Kochin et al. (2020) emphasizes the
benefits of virtualized network infrastructure, which enhances scalability and
efficiency, meeting the growing demands of educational institutions with minimal
organizational and technical costs (Kochin et al., 2020).
Recent statistics indicate a significant increase in digital resource usage
in educational institutions. For instance, Li and Li (2019) report that improved
network infrastructure has significantly enhanced academic performance in
Chinese universities, underscoring the importance of investing in modern
network technologies (Li & Li, 2019). Kim and Lee (2019) discuss the integration
16
of IoT technologies in smart campus initiatives, emphasizing the role of robust
network infrastructure in supporting these advancements (Kim & Lee, 2019).
Despite its importance, network infrastructure in educational institutions
faces significant challenges. Matthews et al. (2017) identify issues such as
insufficient bandwidth and outdated equipment, which hinder effective
connectivity and information dissemination (Matthews et al., 2017). Rao and
Choudhury (2012) found that many institutions in India struggle with limited
bandwidth and inconsistent connectivity, impacting the effectiveness of their
information management systems (Rao & Choudhury, 2012). Ahmed and
Anwar (2018) discuss strategies to overcome these bandwidth challenges,
highlighting the use of bandwidth management tools and policies (Ahmed &
Anwar, 2018).
Challenges in network infrastructure vary across different regions and
types of institutions. For instance, rural and public institutions often face more
severe bandwidth limitations and outdated equipment compared to urban and
private institutions. Olawale and Abimbola (2017) provide insights into the
security challenges faced by educational institutions, recommending best
practices to mitigate these risks (Olawale & Abimbola, 2017). Hassan and Ali
(2017) explore how robust network infrastructure facilitates research
collaborations, particularly in multi-campus and international settings (Hassan
& Ali, 2017).
Technological advancements offer promising solutions to the challenges
faced by network infrastructure in educational institutions. The adoption of WiFi 6 technology significantly improves connectivity and coverage, providing
faster and more reliable internet access. Jones and Smith (2020) discuss the
benefits and implementation challenges of Wi-Fi 6 in educational settings
17
(Jones & Smith, 2020). Mesh networks, explored by Brown and Green (2019),
enhance connectivity and performance in complex campus environments
(Brown & Green, 2019).
Emerging technologies like 5G have the potential to revolutionize
educational network infrastructure. Zhang and Wang (2018) examine the
opportunities and challenges associated with adopting cloud computing in
educational settings, focusing on network infrastructure requirements (Zhang &
Wang, 2018). Tokarz et al. (2020) present a case of remote laboratory
infrastructure for IoT education, demonstrating the effectiveness of virtual
network setups during the COVID-19 pandemic (Tokarz et al., 2020).
Successful
case
studies
provide
valuable
insights
into
the
implementation of effective network infrastructure in educational settings.
Vorovshchikov et al. (2020) describe a comprehensive network redesign in
Moscow schools, resulting in enhanced connectivity and support for student
research activities (Vorovshchikov et al., 2020). Rao and Choudhury (2012)
highlight best practices in network management at NIT libraries, emphasizing
the importance of regular updates and monitoring to ensure optimal
performance (Rao & Choudhury, 2012).
Martins and Rodrigues (2018) provide a case study demonstrating how
advanced network infrastructure can enhance learning environments in a
European university (Martins & Rodrigues, 2018). Perez and Diaz (2019)
analyze the impact of network infrastructure on distance learning during the
COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting lessons learned and future implications
(Perez & Diaz, 2019). Singh and Patel (2020) evaluate the effectiveness of
recent network upgrades in higher education institutions, providing data on
improved performance and user satisfaction (Singh & Patel, 2020).
18
Quality network infrastructure has a direct impact on educational
outcomes. Studies indicate a positive correlation between robust network
systems and improved academic performance. Matthews et al. (2017) suggest
that enhanced connectivity facilitates real-time information exchange, boosting
productivity and fostering research collaborations (Matthews et al., 2017).
Nielsen and Hansen (2018) find that improved network infrastructure enhances
student engagement, leading to better academic outcomes (Nielsen & Hansen,
2018).
A
comparison
between
institutions
with
advanced
network
infrastructures and those without highlights the tangible benefits of investment
in modern network systems. Chen and Liu (2020) examine the impact of
network infrastructure on hybrid learning models, emphasizing the need for
robust systems to support both in-person and online learning (Chen & Liu,
2020).
This literature review highlights the importance of robust network
infrastructure in educational institutions, the challenges that are being faced,
critical technological advancements, and their impact on educational
performance outcomes. The findings underscore the need for strategic planning
and investment in network infrastructure in educational institutions to enhance
the educational experience and outcomes. Moreover, policy-makers and
educational leaders play a crucial role in driving the adoption of advanced
network infrastructures. Future research should focus on addressing existing
gaps and exploring innovative solutions to meet the dynamic needs of
educational environments.
19
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Methodology
This chapter outlines the methodological approach for designing and
implementing a network infrastructure for the College of Engineering and
Information Technology at the University of Southern Mindanao. The
methodology includes an assessment of the current network, development of
new design, and implementation and optimization strategies to meet the
institution’s needs.
Research Design
This study will adopt a mixed-methods approach, integrating both
quantitative and qualitative methods to assess and make improvements to the
network infrastructure.
1. Assessment Phase:
a. Site Surveys
i. Conduct physical inspections of the building to identify
current network layouts, hardware, and connectivity issues.
ii. Document the locations of network devices, cable
pathways, and wireless access points.
b. Interviews:
i. Interview IT staff, faculty, and students to gather insights
on current network performance and problems.
ii. Use structured interview guides to ensure consistency and
comprehensiveness in the information collected.
20
2. Design Phase
a. Requirement Analysis
i. Identify the network requirements, including coverage,
bandwidth, and security needs.
ii. Prioritize requirements based on impact on academic and
administrative functions.
b. Hardware and Software Selection
i. Select appropriate network devices (switches, routers,
access points) and software solutions that will meet the
identified requirements.
c. Network Topology Design
i. Create a network topology diagram using software tools
like Cisco Packet Tracer.
3. Implementation Phase
a. Installation of Network Hardware
i. Plan the setup and installation of switches, routers, and
access points according to the design plan.
ii. Ensure proper placement of devices to maximize coverage
and performance
b. Configuration
i. Configure network devices to ensure optimal performance
ands security
ii. Set up VLANS, routing protocols, and security policies as
per design specifications.
4. Testing and Optimization Phase
The new network will be rigorously tested to ensure it meets the
established goals.
21
i. Conduct tests to measure bandwidth, latency, and overall
network speed.
ii. Perform stress tests to evaluate network performance
under peak loads.
iii. Conduct site survey to ensure comprehensive wireless
coverage and to identify if there is any dead zones.
Discussion - The Network Plan (LAN, WAN)
To establish a robust, high-speed, and scalable network infrastructure
for a two-floor college building with 15 rooms, including 3 computer laboratories
and various common areas, a comprehensive plan for both LAN (Local Area
Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network) is essential.
LAN Design
Topology
Star Topology: The primary topology for the LAN should be a star
configuration, where each room connects back to a central switch. This
ensures ease of management, troubleshooting, and scalability.
Physical Layout
Structured Cabling: Use Cat6a or Cat7 cabling to support highspeed data transfer (up to 10 Gbps). Install structured cabling with patch
panels in each floor's network closet for organization and future
scalability.
Network Closets: Designate a network closet on each floor to
house switches, patch panels, and potentially UPS (Uninterruptible
Power Supply) units.
22
Switches
Core Switch: Install a high-performance core switch in the main
network closet. This switch should support Layer 3 routing and have
ample backplane capacity to handle traffic.
Access Switches: Use managed Layer 2 switches in each room
or cluster of rooms, connecting back to the core switch.
Wireless Access
Wi-Fi Coverage: Deploy dual-band (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) wireless
access points to ensure robust Wi-Fi coverage. Use enterprise-grade
APs
that
support
Wi-Fi
6
(802.11ax)
to
handle
high-density
environments.
Placement: Position APs in strategic locations such as common
areas, hallways, and classrooms to ensure comprehensive coverage.
Avoid placing APs in corners or behind obstacles.
Network Segmentation
VLANs: Implement VLANs to segment network traffic. Create
separate VLANs for administrative staff, faculty, students, and computer
labs. This enhances security and performance.
23
QoS (Quality of Service): Configure QoS policies to prioritize
critical traffic, such as VoIP and video conferencing, over less critical
traffic.
Security
Firewall: Deploy a firewall at the network edge to protect against
external threats. Consider a unified threat management (UTM) device
that includes features like intrusion detection/prevention (IDS/IPS),
content filtering, and VPN capabilities.
Access Control: Use Network Access Control (NAC) to ensure
that only authorized devices connect to the network. Implement strong
authentication mechanisms such as 802.1X.
WAN Design
Connectivity
Internet Connection: Acquire a high-speed internet connection
from a reliable ISP. Consider fiber-optic connections for higher bandwidth
and reliability.
Redundancy: Implement redundancy by obtaining a secondary
internet connection from a different ISP. Use load balancing and failover
mechanisms to ensure continuous connectivity.
Router
Enterprise Router: Use an enterprise-grade router to manage
WAN connections. Ensure it supports advanced features like VPN, QoS,
and dynamic routing protocols (e.g., OSPF, BGP).
24
Network Plan
Bandwidth Analysis for CEIT Building Network
User Types and Activities
1. Students: Browsing, online classes, streaming videos, downloading
materials.
2. Staff: Email, administrative tasks, video conferencing.
3. Guests: General internet usage.
User Estimates
•
Students: 50 per room x 15 rooms = 750 users
•
Staff: 50 users
•
Guests: 100 users
Bandwidth Per User
•
Students: 5 Mbps (high usage)
•
Staff: 3 Mbps
•
Guests: 2 Mbps
Total Bandwidth Calculation
•
Students: 750 x 5 Mbps = 3750 Mbps (3.75 Gbps)
•
Staff: 50 x 3 Mbps = 150 Mbps
•
Guests: 100 x 2 Mbps = 200 Mbps
Total Bandwidth = 3.75 Gbps + 0.15 Gbps + 0.2 Gbps = 4.1 Gbps
Peak Usage Consideration
•
Add 25% for peak usage: 4.1 Gbps x 1.25 = 5.125 Gbps
25
Network Devices
Core Switch:
•
Model: Cisco Catalyst 9500-24Y4C
•
Specifications:
o
24 ports of 10G SFP+
o
4 ports of 100G QSFP28
o
Layer 3 routing capabilities
o
High backplane capacity to handle traffic
Distribution Switches:
•
Model: Cisco Catalyst 9300-24XU-A
•
Specifications:
o
24 ports of 10G SFP+
o
Stackable with StackWise-480 technology
o
Layer 3 routing capabilities
o
Redundant power supplies for high availability
Access Switches:
•
Model: Cisco Catalyst 9300-48P-A
•
Specifications:
o
48 ports of 1G/10G Ethernet (supports 10G uplinks)
o
PoE+ support (up to 740W)
o
Stackable, with up to 8 switches in a stack
o
Layer 2 switching with some Layer 3 features
Wireless Access:
•
Wi-Fi Coverage: Deploy dual-band (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) wireless
access points to ensure robust Wi-Fi coverage. Use enterprise-grade
26
APs
that
support
Wi-Fi
6
(802.11ax)
to
handle
high-density
environments.
•
Access Points:
o
Model: Cisco Catalyst 9115AXI
o
Specifications:
▪
Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) support
▪
Dual-band (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz)
▪
Up to 5.38 Gbps data rate
▪
Integrated security features
Firewall:
•
Model: Cisco Firepower 2140
•
Specifications:
o
Throughput: Up to 20 Gbps
o
Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) capabilities, including intrusion
prevention, advanced malware protection, and URL filtering
o
High availability with redundant power supplies
o
VPN support for secure remote access
o
Integrated threat intelligence
Router:
•
Model: Cisco ISR 4451-X
•
Specifications:
o
Supports up to 10 Gbps aggregate throughput
o
Modular design for WAN, LAN, and voice interfaces
o
Advanced security features and VPN support
27
Other Essential Devices
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply):
•
Model: APC Smart-UPS 5000VA
•
Specifications:
o
Power capacity: 5000VA/3750W
o
Network management card for remote monitoring
o
Extended runtime options with additional battery packs
o
Automatic voltage regulation (AVR)
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
WAN
ISP Connections:
•
Primary ISP: Provides the main internet connection.
Edge Router:
•
Device: Cisco ISR 4451-X
•
Function: Connects to both ISPs, handling load balancing and failover.
Firewall:
•
Device: Cisco Firepower 2140
•
Function: Provides network security features including intrusion
prevention, VPN, and URL filtering.
Core Switch:
•
Device: Cisco Catalyst 9500-24Y4C
•
Function: Acts as the central switch connecting all distribution switches
and managing high-bandwidth traffic.
28
LAN
First Floor Layout:
•
Network Cabinet: Houses the distribution switch and other network
equipment.
•
Distribution Switch:
o
Device: Cisco Catalyst 9300-24XU-A
o
Function: Aggregates traffic from access switches on the first
floor.
•
Access Switches:
o
Device: Cisco Catalyst 9300-48P-A
o
Locations: Computer Lab 1, Computer Lab 2, Computer Lab 3
o
Function: Provides connectivity to end devices in classrooms,
labs, and offices.
Second Floor Layout:
•
Network Cabinet: Houses the distribution switch and other network
equipment.
•
Distribution Switch:
o
Device: Cisco Catalyst 9300-24XU-A
o
Function: Aggregates traffic from access switches on the second
floor.
•
Access Switches:
o
Device: Cisco Catalyst 9300-48P-A
o
Locations: Faculty Offices, Common Areas
o
Function: Provides connectivity to end devices in offices and
common areas.
29
Wireless Access:
•
Access Points:
o
Device: Cisco Catalyst 9115AXI
o
Placement: Strategically placed in classrooms, labs, offices, and
common areas to ensure comprehensive coverage and highdensity support.
o
Function: Delivers robust Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) coverage.
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply):
•
Device: APC Smart-UPS 5000VA
•
Function: Ensures continuous power supply and protects against power
outages. Each network cabinet is equipped with a UPS.
Detailed Network Layout
1. First Floor Network Cabinet:
o
Distribution Switch: Cisco Catalyst 9300-24XU-A
o
Connected Access Switches:
o
▪
Computer Lab 1: Cisco Catalyst 9300-48P-A
▪
Computer Lab 2: Cisco Catalyst 9300-48P-A
▪
Computer Lab 3: Cisco Catalyst 9300-48P-A
Devices Connected: PCs, laptops, printers, smartphones,
access points.
2. Second Floor Network Cabinet:
o
Distribution Switch: Cisco Catalyst 9300-24XU-A
o
Connected Access Switches:
▪
Faculty Offices: Cisco Catalyst 9300-48P-A
30
▪
o
Common Areas: Cisco Catalyst 9300-48P-A
Devices Connected: PCs, laptops, printers, smartphones,
access points.
Cost Analysis
To provide a comprehensive cost analysis for the network infrastructure
of the two-floor college building, we need to account for all necessary network
devices, structured cabling, power backup units, installation costs, and ISP
costs.
WAN Infrastructure
1. ISP Connections:
o
Primary ISP:
▪
Connection Type: Fiber Optic
▪
Bandwidth: 5 Gbps
▪
Monthly Cost: PHP 49,999
▪
Installation Cost: PHP 100,000
2. Edge Router: Cisco ISR 4451-X
o
Unit Cost: PHP 600,000 (average)
o
Quantity: 1
o
Total: PHP 600,000
3. Firewall: Cisco Firepower 2140
o
Unit Cost: PHP 1,650,000 (average)
o
Quantity: 1
o
Total: PHP 1,650,000
31
Core Network Infrastructure
1. Core Switch: Cisco Catalyst 9500-24Y4C
o
Unit Cost: PHP 1,100,000 (average)
o
Quantity: 1
o
Total: PHP 1,100,000
Distribution Layer
1. Distribution Switches: Cisco Catalyst 9300-24XU-A
o
Unit Cost: PHP 900,000 (average)
o
Quantity: 2
o
Total: PHP 1,800,000
Access Layer
1. Access Switches: Cisco Catalyst 9300-48P-A
o
Unit Cost: PHP 450,000 (average)
o
Quantity: 5
o
Total: PHP 2,250,000
Wireless Access Points
1. Access Points: Cisco Catalyst 9115AXI
o
Unit Cost: PHP 40,000 (average)
o
Quantity: 10
o
Total: PHP 400,000
Power Backup
1. UPS Units: APC Smart-UPS 5000VA
o
Unit Cost: PHP 175,000 (average)
o
Quantity: 2
o
Total: PHP 350,000
32
Structured Cabling
1. Cabling (Cat6a/Cat7) and Installation
o
Unit Cost (per meter): PHP 100
o
Estimated Total Length: 1000 meters
o
Total: PHP 100,000
2. Patch Panels and Accessories
o
Unit Cost (per patch panel): PHP 10,000
o
Quantity: 10
o
Total: PHP 100,000
Additional Costs
1. Installation and Labor Costs
o
Estimated Total: PHP 500,000
2. Network Monitoring and Management Software
o
Estimated Total: PHP 300,000
Sustainability
Energy Efficiency:
•
Energy-Efficient Hardware: Use energy-efficient switches, routers, and
other network equipment that comply with Energy Star or other energy
efficiency certifications.
•
Power Management: Implement power management features on all
network devices to reduce energy consumption during periods of low
usage.
•
LED Lighting: Use LED lighting in network closets and data centers to
reduce energy consumption.
33
Resource Optimization:
•
Virtualization: Utilize virtualization technologies to consolidate multiple
servers and services onto fewer physical machines, reducing power and
cooling requirements.
•
Efficient Cooling Systems: Implement efficient cooling solutions, such
as hot aisle/cold aisle containment, to optimize airflow and reduce energy
consumption in network closets and data centers.
E-Waste Management:
•
Recycling: Develop a program for recycling old and unused network
equipment in compliance with local e-waste regulations.
•
Donation: Consider donating obsolete but still functional equipment to
educational institutions or non-profits.
Sustainable Practices:
•
Paperless Documentation: Maintain digital records of network
configurations, policies, and documentation to minimize paper usage.
•
Remote Management: Enable remote management capabilities to
reduce the need for physical travel to network sites, lowering carbon
footprint.
34
Network Management
Monitoring and Alerts:
•
Network Monitoring Tools: Deploy comprehensive network monitoring
tools to continuously monitor the health, performance, and security of the
network. Tools like SolarWinds, Nagios, or PRTG can be used.
•
Alerts and Notifications: Set up alerts for critical network events such
as downtime, unusual traffic patterns, or potential security breaches.
Configuration Management:
•
Centralized Management: Use centralized management platforms to
configure and manage network devices. This ensures consistency and
simplifies updates and patches.
•
Backup
Configurations:
Regularly
back
up
network
device
configurations to facilitate quick recovery in case of configuration errors
or device failures.
•
Performance Optimization:
•
Regular Audits: Conduct regular network audits to identify and rectify
bottlenecks, ensuring optimal performance.
•
Capacity Planning: Monitor network usage trends to anticipate future
bandwidth needs and plan for capacity upgrades accordingly.
35
Security Management:
•
Regular Updates: Ensure all network devices have the latest firmware
and software updates to protect against vulnerabilities.
•
Access Controls: Implement strict access controls to network devices,
using technologies such as RADIUS or TACACS+ for authentication and
authorization.
Disaster Plan
Risk Assessment:
•
Identify Risks: Conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify potential
threats to the network, such as natural disasters, cyber-attacks, or
hardware failures.
•
Impact Analysis: Analyze the potential impact of identified risks on
network operations and prioritize them based on severity.
Data Backup and Recovery:
•
Regular Backups: Implement regular backup procedures for critical
data and configurations, ensuring backups are stored securely and
offsite.
•
Recovery Testing: Periodically test data recovery procedures to ensure
they are effective and staff are familiar with the process.
36
Redundancy and Failover:
•
Redundant Hardware: Deploy redundant network hardware (e.g.,
switches, routers) to ensure network availability in case of hardware
failure.
•
Failover Mechanisms: Configure failover mechanisms to automatically
switch to backup systems or connections in case of primary system
failure.
Emergency Response Plan:
•
Response Team: Establish a network emergency response team
responsible for coordinating actions during a network crisis.
•
Communication Plan: Develop a communication plan to inform
stakeholders (staff, students, administration) about network issues and
expected resolution times.
•
Documentation: Maintain detailed documentation of the disaster
recovery plan, including roles, responsibilities, and contact information
for all team members.
Training and Drills:
•
Regular Training: Conduct regular training sessions for IT staff on
disaster recovery procedures and best practices.
37
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
The comprehensive assessment and subsequent design of a new
network infrastructure for the College of Engineering and Information
Technology at the University of Southern Mindanao have underscored the
critical need for modern, robust, and high-speed network solutions in
educational settings. The existing network infrastructure was found to be
inadequate, with significant issues in network coverage, bandwidth capacity,
and wireless connectivity, which have been impeding academic and
administrative functions.
The proposed network design addresses these issues by enhancing
network coverage, increasing bandwidth capacity, optimizing wireless
connectivity, and improving security measures. The deployment of advanced
technologies such as Wi-Fi 6, VLAN segmentation, and enterprise-grade
network devices ensures that the network will support current demands and be
scalable for future growth. This project is expected to significantly improve the
user experience for students, faculty, and staff, facilitating a more efficient and
productive educational environment.
The implementation phases, including assessment, design, installation,
and optimization, have been meticulously planned to ensure minimal disruption
to ongoing activities. The integration of sustainable practices and a
comprehensive disaster recovery plan further solidifies the resilience and longterm viability of the network infrastructure. Ultimately, this project exemplifies a
strategic approach to addressing the technological needs of modern
educational institutions, setting a precedent for future initiatives.
38
Recommendation
Based on the findings and outcomes of this study, the following
recommendations are proposed:
1. Immediate Implementation: Prioritize the immediate implementation of
the new network design to address the current inadequacies and
enhance the overall functionality of the college’s network infrastructure.
2. Continuous Monitoring and Optimization: Establish a robust network
monitoring system to continuously assess network performance and
promptly address any emerging issues. Regular audits and capacity
planning should be conducted to ensure the network remains capable of
meeting future demands.
3. Budget Allocation: Secure adequate funding to cover the costs of highquality network equipment and ensure the availability of resources for
ongoing maintenance and upgrades. Explore potential funding sources
such as grants, partnerships, and institutional budgets.
4. Training and Support: Provide comprehensive training for IT staff on
the new network systems and disaster recovery procedures. Regular
drills and updates on the latest technologies and best practices should
be conducted to maintain a high level of preparedness.
39
5. User Education: Educate students, faculty, and staff on best practices
for using the network, including security measures and responsible
usage policies. This will help in maximizing the benefits of the new
infrastructure while minimizing potential misuse and security threats.
6. Sustainability Practices: Continue to integrate sustainable practices in
network management, such as energy-efficient hardware, virtualization,
and e-waste recycling programs, to reduce environmental impact and
operational costs.
7. Future Research: Encourage ongoing research and development in
network technologies to stay abreast of emerging trends and innovations.
Future studies should focus on exploring advanced solutions like 5G
integration, AI-driven network management, and further enhancements
in network security.
By adopting these recommendations, the University of Southern Mindanao
can ensure the sustained effectiveness, security, and scalability of its network
infrastructure, thereby fostering an environment conducive to advanced learning
and administrative excellence
40
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APPENDICES
44
WAN TOPOLOGY
LAN TOPOLOGY
45
46
47