Prepared by
Mustafa Ahmed
Baji
• Student in far eastern federal
university
• Medical student
• Group 3
Title and
topic of this
presentation
*Introduction
*Overview of the importance of fire safety in buildings
*Brief outline of the presentation
*Understanding Fire
*Definition of fire
*Fire triangle: components required for fire
*Different classes of fire
*Fire Extinguishers: Types and Uses
*Types of fire extinguishers (ABC, CO2, Water mist, etc.)
*Matching fire extinguisher types to fire classes
*Proper handling and storage of fire extinguishers
*Key Rules for Effective Fire Extinguisher
Application
*P.A.S.S. technique: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep
*Factors to consider before attempting to extinguish a fire
*When to evacuate and when to use a fire extinguisher
*Location of Fire Extinguishers
*Ideal placement of fire extinguishers in buildings
*Regulatory requirements for fire extinguisher placement
Title and
topic of this
presentation
*Fire Safety Regulations in Buildings
*Overview of local and international fire safety regulations
*Building codes for fire prevention and protection measures
*Responsibilities of building owners and occupants
*Evacuation Plans and Emergency
*Procedures
*Developing and practicing evacuation plans
*Importance of fire drills and training sessions
*Coordination with emergency services
*Fire Prevention Measures
*Precautionary steps to prevent fires in buildings
*Regular maintenance of electrical systems and equipment
*Proper storage of flammable materials
*Signage and Identification
*Importance of clear labeling and signage for fire safety
equipment
*Instructions for use and location of fire extinguishers
*Evacuation routes and assembly points
Overview of the importance of fire
safety in buildings
Fire safety in buildings is of utmost
importance to protect the lives of occupants
and prevent property damage. Fires in
buildings can spread quickly and have
devastating consequences, so it is crucial to
have effective fire safety measures in place.
This includes having proper detection and
suppression systems, implementing
evacuation plans, and conducting regular
inspections and maintenance. Building codes
and regulations also play a key role in
ensuring that buildings are equipped with
necessary fire safety features. Prioritizing fire
safety in buildings can help prevent tragedies
and keep occupants safe in the event of a fire.
Understanding Fire
Definition of fire
Fire triangle: components required for fire
Different classes of fire
Definition of fire: Fire is a
chemical reaction that involves
the rapid oxidation of a material
in the presence of heat and
oxygen, resulting in the release
of heat and light.
Fire triangle: The fire
triangle represents the three
components required for a
fire to occur:
Heat: Sufficient heat to raise the
material to its ignition
temperature.
Fuel: A material that can burn.
Oxygen: Air that provides
oxygen to support the
combustion process.
Different classes of fire: Fires are
classified into different classes
based on the type of fuel involved.
The different classes of fire are:
• Class A: Fires involving ordinary combustible
materials such as wood, paper, cloth, and
plastic.
• Class B: Fires involving flammable liquids such
as gasoline, oil, grease, and solvents.
• Class C: Fires involving energized electrical
equipment such as appliances, motors, and
transformers.
• Class D: Fires involving combustible metals
such as magnesium, titanium, and lithium.
• Class K: Fires involving cooking oils and fats in
commercial kitchens.
Fire
extinguishers
• Fire extinguishers are a crucial tool
for fire safety in homes,
workplaces, and other buildings.
There are several types of fire
extinguishers, each designed to
handle different types of fires. It is
important to match the type of fire
extinguisher to the specific class of
fire in order to effectively extinguish
it.
Here are some common
types of fire extinguishers
and their recommended
uses:
ABC Fire Extinguishers:
These are versatile
extinguishers that can be
used on Class A
(combustible materials
like wood or paper), Class
B (flammable liquids like
oil or gasoline), and Class
C (electrical fires) fires.
They usually contain dry
chemical powder.
CO2 Fire
Extinguishers:
• CO2 Fire Extinguishers: These
are suitable for Class B and
Class C fires, as they displace
oxygen and cool the fire to
extinguish it. They are typically
used in areas with electrical
equipment.
Water Mist Fire
Extinguishers:
• Water Mist Fire
Extinguishers: These
are safe to use on Class
A, B, and C fires, as the
fine mist helps to cool
the fire and extinguish
it. They are also safe for
use on electrical fires.
Wet Chemical Fire
Extinguishers:
• Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers: These are
designed for Class K fires, which involve cooking
oils and fats. The wet chemical creates a barrier
between the oil and the oxygen, extinguishing the
fire.
Foam Fire Extinguishers:
• Foam Fire Extinguishers: These
are effective on Class A and B
fires, as the foam blankets the fire,
cutting off the oxygen supply. They
are not suitable for Class C fires
involving electrical equipment.
Key Rules for Effective Fire
Extinguisher Application:
• P.A.S.S. technique: Pull, Aim,
Squeeze, Sweep - Remember
these steps when using a fire
extinguisher to effectively suppress
a fire.
When using a fire
extinguisher, remember
the acronym PASS:
Pull the pin: This will unlock
the mechanism and allow you
to discharge the extinguisher.
Aim
Aim at the base of the fire:
Point the extinguisher at
the base of the fire where
the fuel is burning.
Squeeze
Squeeze the handle:
This will release the
extinguishing agent
from the extinguisher.
Sweep
Sweep from side to
side: Use a sweeping
motion to cover the
entire area of the fire
with the extinguishing
agent.
Factors to consider
before attempting to
extinguish a fire:
• Size of the fire: Small,
contained fires that are
manageable and have not
spread can be safely
extinguished with a fire
extinguisher. Do not attempt to
fight larger fires that are out of
control.
• Type of fire: Different types of
fires require different types of
extinguishing agents. Make
sure you are using the correct
type of fire extinguisher for the
fire you are attempting to put
out.
• Personal safety: Only attempt to extinguish a
fire if it is safe to do so. If the fire is too large,
spreading rapidly, or producing toxic smoke,
evacuate immediately and call emergency
services.
Location of Fire
Extinguishers
• Fire extinguishers should be
strategically placed throughout a
building to ensure easy access in
the event of a fire. Some ideal
locations for fire extinguishers
include:
• Near exits and escape routes: Fire
extinguishers should be placed
near exit doors and along escape
routes to allow for quick and easy
access in case of an emergency.
• Near potential fire hazards: Fire
extinguishers should be placed
near potential fire hazards, such as
kitchens, electrical rooms, and
storage areas containing
flammable materials.
• In high-risk areas: Areas that are at
higher risk for fires, such as
workshops or laboratories, should
have fire extinguishers readily
available.
Fire Safety Regulations in
Buildings
Overview of local and
international fire safety
regulations
Building codes for fire
prevention and protection
measures
Responsibilities of building
owners and occupants
• Local and international fire safety
regulations vary depending on the
location of the building. However,
there are some common elements
that are often included in these
regulations. These include
requirements for fire alarms, fire
extinguishers, sprinkler systems,
emergency exits, and fire drills.
• Building codes for fire prevention and
protection measures typically cover areas such
as the construction and maintenance of the
building, the installation of fire detection and
suppression systems, and the training of
occupants in fire safety procedures. Building
codes may also specify requirements for the
design and layout of buildings to ensure that
people can evacuate safely in the event of a
fire.
• Building owners are typically
responsible for ensuring that their
buildings comply with fire safety
regulations. This includes conducting
regular inspections of fire safety
systems, maintaining them in good
working order, and keeping records
of inspections and maintenance.
Building owners may also be
required to provide fire safety training
to building occupants and to develop
and implement emergency response
plans.
• Building occupants are also
responsible for fire safety in
buildings. This includes following fire
safety procedures, such as knowing
the location of emergency exits, not
blocking them, and participating in
fire drills. Occupants should also
report any fire hazards or
maintenance issues that could
impact fire safety to the building
owner or manager.
Evacuation Plans and
Emergency
Procedures
Developing and practicing
evacuation plans
Importance of fire drills and
training sessions
Coordination with
emergency services
• Evacuation plans and emergency procedures are essential in any
setting to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals in the
event of a crisis.
• Whether in a school, workplace, or other public space, it is crucial
to have detailed plans in place that outline how to evacuate the
premises safely and efficiently during an emergency.
• Developing and practicing evacuation plans is key to ensuring
that individuals are prepared and can respond effectively in the
event of an emergency.
• This involves creating a detailed plan that outlines exit routes,
designated assembly areas, and procedures for evacuating
individuals with disabilities or special needs. Regularly conducting
drills and training sessions helps to familiarize individuals with the
evacuation procedures and ensure that everyone knows what to
do in an emergency.
• Fire drills are particularly important as fires are a
common emergency situation that can pose a
significant threat to life and property. In addition to fire
drills, training sessions should also cover other types of
emergencies, such as natural disasters, active shooter
situations, or hazardous materials incidents.
• Coordination with emergency services, such as local
fire departments and law enforcement agencies, is also
crucial to ensure a coordinated response in the event of
an emergency. Establishing communication channels
and protocols for working with emergency services can
help ensure a rapid and effective response to any crisis
situation.
Fire Prevention Measures
Precautionary steps to prevent fires in buildings
Regular maintenance of electrical systems and
equipment
Proper storage of flammable materials
Installation of smoke detectors and fire alarms
Regular testing and maintenance of fire suppression systems
Proper disposal of cigarettes and other smoking materials
Implementing a fire safety plan and conducting regular fire
drills
Training employees on fire safety procedures
Ensuring all exits are clearly marked and accessible
Limiting the use of extension cords and power strips
Keeping work areas clean and free of clutter
Regularly inspecting heating systems and appliances
Ensuring that fire exits are not blocked or obstructed.
Signage and Identification
Importance of clear labeling and signage for fire safety equipment
Instructions for use and location of fire extinguishers
Evacuation routes and assembly points
❖ Signage and identification play a crucial role in
ensuring the safety of individuals in the event
of a fire emergency. Clear labeling and signage
for fire safety equipment help users quickly
locate and identify the necessary tools for
combating a fire. Instructions for use and the
location of fire extinguishers should be
prominently displayed near each extinguisher,
detailing how to operate it effectively.
❖
❖ Evacuation routes and assembly points should
also be clearly marked with signage to guide
individuals to safety during an emergency.
These signs should be easily visible and
legible, providing clear directions on the safest
and quickest way to exit the building. Regular
maintenance and inspection of signage are
essential to ensure that they remain accurate
and functional in the event of an emergency.
• conclusion, fire extinguishers are an
important tool in fire safety and it is
important to know how to use them
properly. Additionally, buildings must follow
strict rules and guidelines to ensure the
safety of their occupants in case of a fire.
Thank you
for
listening.