Business Rules for Train Reservation System 1. Train Information: o Each train has a unique train number. o Each train has a total number of seats for business and economy classes. o Each train has a specific date and time for departure and arrival. o Each train starts and ends at a specific state. 2. Train Routes: o There are three train routes: Northern Track, Southern Track, and East Coast Track. o Northern Track: Kuala Lumpur, Perak, Pulau Pinang, Kedah, Perlis. o Southern Track: Kuala Lumpur, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Johor. o East Coast Track: Kuala Lumpur, Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan. 3. Train Operations: o Northern Track operates more than four trains a day. o Southern Track operates only five trains a day. o East Coast Track operates less than four trains a day. o Each train must have two operators (captain and co-captain) and a maximum of three attendants. o An operator may operate one or more trains. 4. Train Operators: o Each operator has a unique employee number. o Operators have first and last names, age, years of experience, position, lead hours, and salary. o Operators with 20,000+ operation hours are categorized as senior operators. o There must be at least two senior operators. 5. Train Attendants: o Each attendant has a unique ID. o Attendants have a full name, position, salary, phone number, and address. 6. Customers: o Customers have a first and last name, mailing address, phone numbers, and email addresses. o Mailing address includes street, city, state, postal code, and country. o Each customer may have one or more reservations. o Email addresses are unique for each customer. o First and last names do not have to be unique. 7. Reservations: o Each reservation has a unique reservation number. o Reservation includes state made from, reservation date, traveling date, train number, number of seats reserved, departure station, destination, charges, and total. o Customers can reserve more than one train per booking. Example of UNF and Normalization To properly design the database for the Train Reservation System and ensure it meets the normalization requirements up to the Third Normal Form (3NF), we'll start with the Unnormalized Form (UNF) and proceed step-by-step through each normalization form. Here's the process: Unnormalized Form (UNF) In the UNF, we start with the initial structure based on the provided requirements mail_add First_name Last_name Res_num Res_state Res_state Travel_date Train_num Seats_res Salary attendID Full_name Phone_num Position Address salary State Exp_years Position Lead_hours Emp_num Train_nu m First_name Bus_seats_nu m Phone_num Last_name Departure_da te Age mailID Departure_ti me Salary Arrival_ti me mailID Street Arrival_da te City State Postal_code Country Departure Train_totalCharge Res_toal Station Total_num_train Salary Origin_sta te Destination_sta te Countr y First Normal Form (1NF) To achieve 1NF, we ensure that each table has a primary key and all attributes are atomic (no repeating groups or arrays): Normalized Table in 1NF: attendID Full_name Phone_num Position Emp_num First_name Train_nu m Bus_seats_nu m Res_num Res_state mail_add Address RouteId Last_name Age Exp_years Position Departure_ti me Arrival_ti me Arrival_da te Departure_da te Res_state First_name salary Travel_date Last_name State Train_num Phone_num mailID South_track Seats_res Street North_track Lead_hours Origin_sta te Salary City EastCoast_track State Station Total_num_train Salary Destination_sta te Departure Countr y Train_totalCharge Postal_code Country Res_toal Second Normal Form (2NF) In 2NF, we eliminate partial dependencies and ensure all attributes depend on the whole primary key: Train Table: Train_num attendID Full_name Bus_seats_num Phone_num Departure_date Position Address Departure_time salary Arrival_time RouteId Arrival_date Origin_state State South_track North_track Seats_res Salary Departure Destination_state EastCoast_track Country Station Total_num_train Reservation Table: Res_num Res_state Res_state Emp_num mail_add First_name Travel_date First_name Last_name Train_num Last_name Phone_num Age Exp_years mailID Street Position City Train_totalCharge Lead_hours State Salary Postal_code Country Res_toal Third Normal Form (3NF) Finally, in 3NF, we remove transitive dependencies: Train Table: Train_num attendID Full_name Bus_seats_num Phone_num Departure_date Position Address Departure_time salary Arrival_time RouteId Arrival_date Origin_state State South_track North_track Seats_res Salary Departure Destination_state EastCoast_track Country Station Total_num_train Reservation Table: Res_num Res_state Res_state Emp_num mail_add Travel_date First_name First_name Last_name Train_num Last_name Age Phone_num Exp_years mailID Position Street City Train_totalCharge Lead_hours State Res_toal Salary Postal_code Country Customer Table: mail_add First_name Last_name Phone_num mailID Street City State Postal_code Country Train Attendants Table: attendID Full_name Phone_num Position Address salary Routes Table: RouteId State South_track North_track EastCoast_track Station Total_num_train Train Operators Table: Emp_num First_name Last_name Age Exp_years Position Lead_hours Salary
