AS 1111.1:2015 ISO 4016:2011 AS 1111.1:2015 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws— Product grade C Part 1: Bolts This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee ME-029, Fasteners. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 24 July 2015. This Standard was published on 26 August 2015. The following are represented on Committee ME-029: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Association of Accredited Certification Bodies Association of Wall and Ceiling Industries of Australia and New Zealand Australasian Corrosion Association Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Engineered Fasteners and Anchors Council Australian Industry Group Australian Steel Institute Australian Technical Infrastructure Committee Austroads Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia CSIRO Employers and Manufacturers Association Galvanizers Association of Australia Materials Australia National Association of Steel-Framed Housing National Association of Testing Authorities Australia New Zealand Heavy Engineering Research Association Society of Automotive Engineers—Australasia Steel Construction New Zealand Swinburne University of Technology This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR AS 1111.1:2015. Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the Committee and through the public comment period. Keeping Standards up-to-date Australian Standards® are living documents that reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been published since the Standard was published. Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can be found by visiting www.standards.org.au Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at mail@standards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001. AS 1111.1:2015 Australian Standard® ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws— Product grade C Part 1: Bolts Originated as AS 1111—1972. Revised and redesignated (in part) as AS 1111.1—2000. Second edition AS 1111.1:2015. COPYRIGHT © Standards Australia Limited All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher, unless otherwise permitted under the Copyright Act 1968. Published by SAI Global Limited under licence from Standards Australia Limited, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 978 1 76035 201 1 AS 1111.1:2015 ii PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee ME-029, Fasteners, to supersede AS 1111.1—2000, ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product grade C, Part 1: Bolts. The objective of this Standard is to provide manufacturers, suppliers and users with the dimensions, tolerances and material requirements for hexagon head bolts of ISO product grade C with ISO metric coarse threads. This Standard is Part 1 of a two-part series on ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws. Part 2 gives the dimensions for screws. NOTE: The product grade refers to the quality of the product and to the size of the tolerances where grade A is the most precise and grade C is the least precise. This Standard is identical with, and has been reproduced from, ISO 4016:2011, Hexagon head bolts— Product grade C. As this Standard is reproduced from an International Standard, the following applies: (a) In the source text ‘this International Standard’ should read ‘this Australian Standard’. (b) A full point substitutes for a comma when referring to a decimal marker. References to International Standards should be replaced by references to Australian Standards, as follows: Reference to International Standard Australian Standard ISO 898 AS 4291 898-1 965 965-1 4018 4291.1 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs ISO general purpose metric screw threads—Tolerances Part 1: Principles and basic data 1721 General purpose metric screw threads Hexagon head screws—Product grade C 1111 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product grade C Part 2: Screws Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes—Coarse thread and fine pitch thread 1111.2 4759 4759-1 Tolerances for fasteners Part 1: Bolts, screws, studs and nuts—Product grades A, B and C 5066 Tolerances for ISO metric bolts, screws, studs and nuts—Product grades A, B and C Only normative references that have been adopted as Australian or Australian/New Zealand Standards have been listed. AS 1111.1:2015 iii INTRODUCTION This International Standard belongs to a complete group of product standards developed by ISO on external hexagon drive fasteners. It comprises the following: a) hexagon head bolts (ISO 4014, ISO 4015, ISO 4016 and ISO 8765); b) hexagon head screws (ISO 4017, ISO 4018 and ISO 8676); c) hexagon nuts (ISO 4032, ISO 4033, ISO 4034, ISO 4035, ISO 4036, ISO 7040, ISO 7041, ISO 7042, ISO 7719, ISO 7720, ISO 8673, ISO 8674, ISO 8675, ISO 10511, ISO 10512 and ISO 10513); d) hexagon bolts with flange (ISO 4162, ISO 15071 and ISO 15072); e) hexagon nuts with flange (ISO 4161, ISO 7043, ISO 7044, ISO 10663, ISO 12125, ISO 12126 and ISO 21670). AS 1111.1:2015 iv NOTES AS 1111.1:2015 1 AUSTRALIAN STANDARD ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product grade C Part 1: Bolts 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the characteristics of hexagon head bolts with threads from M5 up to and including M64, of product grade C. If, in special cases, specifications other than those listed in this International Standard are required, they can be selected from existing International Standards, for example ISO 724, ISO 888, ISO 898-1, ISO 965-1 and ISO 4759-1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 225, Fasteners — Bolts, screws, studs and nuts — Symbols and descriptions of dimensions ISO 724, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads — Basic dimensions ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread ISO 965-1, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads — Tolerances — Part 1: Principles and basic data ISO 3269, Fasteners — Acceptance inspection ISO 4018, Hexagon head screws — Product grade C ISO 4042, Fasteners — Electroplated coatings ISO 4759-1, Tolerances for fasteners — Part 1: Bolts, screws, studs and nuts — Product grades A, B and C ISO 8992, Fasteners — General requirements for bolts, screws, studs and nuts ISO 10683, Fasteners — Non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coatings 3 Dimensions See Figure 1 and Tables 1 and 2. Symbols and descriptions of dimensions are specified in ISO 225. www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia AS 1111.1:2015 2 Dimensions in millimetres a E b End without special requirements. c Incomplete thread u u 2P. Reference datum for dw. Washer face permissible. d e 15° to 30°. Figure 1 www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia AS 1111.1:2015 3 Table 1 — Preferred threads Dimensions in millimetres Thread, d M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 Pa 0,8 16 22 35 0,5 6 5,48 4,52 6,74 8,63 3,5 3,875 3,125 2,19 0,2 8,00 7,64 1 18 24 37 0,5 7,2 6,48 5,52 8,74 10,89 4 4,375 3,625 2,54 0,25 10,00 9,64 1,25 22 28 41 0,6 10,2 8,58 7,42 11,47 14,2 5,3 5,675 4,925 3,45 0,4 13,00 12,57 1,5 26 32 45 0,6 12,2 10,58 9,42 14,47 17,59 6,4 6,85 5,95 4,17 0,4 16,00 15,57 ls and lgf ls lg min. max. 1,75 30 36 49 0,6 14,7 12,7 11,3 16,47 19,85 7,5 7,95 7,05 4,94 0,6 18,00 17,57 2 38 44 57 0,8 18,7 16,7 15,3 22 26,17 10 10,75 9,25 6,48 0,6 24,00 23,16 2,5 46 52 65 0,8 24,4 20,84 19,16 27,7 32,95 12,5 13,4 11,6 8,12 0,8 30,00 29,16 b c b ref. d c da ds dw e k kwe r nom. s max. max. max. min. min. min. nom. max. min. min. min. max. min. l lg max. ls min. lg max. 14 19 7 12 12 17 20 24 17 22 11,75 18 25 30 29 34 22 27 32 37 27 32 37 42 16,75 21,75 26,75 31,75 23 28 33 38 11,5 16,5 21,5 26,5 19 24 29 34 36,75 41,75 51,75 43 48 58 31,5 36,5 46,5 56,5 66,5 39 44 54 64 74 min. 25 23,95 26,05 5 9 30 35 28,95 33,75 31,05 36,25 10 15 40 38,75 41,25 45 50 55 60 43,75 48,75 53,5 58,5 46,25 51,25 56,5 61,5 65 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 63,5 68,5 78,5 88,25 98,25 108,25 118,25 128 138 148 156 176 195,4 215,4 235,4 254,8 274,8 294,8 314,3 334,3 354,3 374,3 394,3 413,7 433,7 453,7 473,7 493,7 66,5 71,5 81,5 91,75 101,75 111,75 121,75 132 142 152 164 184 204,6 224,6 244,6 265,2 285,2 305,2 325,7 345,7 365,7 385,7 405,7 426,3 446,3 466,3 486,3 506,3 www.standards.org.au max. ls min. nom. ls min. lg max. ls min. lg max. ls min. lg max. ls min. lg max. For sizes above the solid, bold, stepped line, ISO 4018 is recommended. 16,25 21,25 25 30 26,25 31,25 41,25 51,25 61,25 71,25 81,25 35 40 50 60 70 80 90 17 22 32 42 52 62 72 76 86 96 106 27 32 42 52 62 72 82 86 96 106 116 21,5 31,5 41,5 51,5 61,5 65,5 75,5 85,5 95,5 115,5 135,5 34 44 54 64 74 78 88 98 108 128 148 © Standards Australia AS 1111.1:2015 4 Table 1 (continued) Dimensions in millimetres Thread, d Pa b c b ref. d c da ds dw e k kwe r nom. s max. max. max. min. min. min. nom. max. min. min. min. max. min. M24 3 54 60 73 0,8 28,4 24,84 23,16 33,25 39,55 15 15,9 14,1 9,87 0,8 36 35 M30 3,5 66 72 85 0,8 35,4 30,84 29,16 42,75 50,85 18,7 19,75 17,65 12,36 1 46 45 M36 4 — 84 97 0,8 42,4 37 35 51,11 60,79 22,5 23,55 21,45 15,02 1 55,0 53,8 l nom. 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 NOTE a b c d M42 4,5 — 96 109 1 48,6 43 41 59,95 71,3 26 27,05 24,95 17,47 1,2 65,0 63,1 ls and lgf ls lg min. max. M48 5 — 108 121 1 56,6 49 47 69,45 82,6 30 31,05 28,95 20,27 1,6 75,0 73,1 M56 5,5 — — 137 1 67 57,2 54,8 78,66 93,56 35 36,25 33,75 23,63 2 85,0 82,8 M64 6 — — 153 1 75 65,2 62,8 88,16 104,86 40 41,25 38,75 27,13 2 95,0 92,8 ls lg ls lg ls lg ls lg ls lg min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. 23,95 26,05 28,95 31,05 For sizes above the solid, bold, stepped line, ISO 4018 is recommended. 33,75 36,25 38,75 41,25 43,75 46,25 48,75 51,25 53,5 56,5 58,5 61,5 63,5 66,5 68,5 71,5 78,5 81,5 88,25 91,75 98,25 101,75 31 46 108,25 111,75 41 56 118,25 121,75 51 66 36,5 54 128 132 55 70 40,5 58 138 142 65 80 50,5 68 36 56 148 152 75 90 60,5 78 46 66 156 164 85 100 70,5 88 56 76 176 184 105 120 90,5 108 76 96 61,5 84 195,4 204,6 125 140 110,5 128 96 116 81,5 104 67 92 215,4 224,6 132 147 117,5 135 103 123 88,5 111 74 99 235,4 244,6 152 167 137,5 155 123 143 108,5 131 94 119 75,5 103 254,8 265,2 157,5 175 143 163 128,5 151 114 139 95,5 123 274,8 285,2 177,5 195 163 183 148,5 171 134 159 115,5 143 294,8 305,2 197,5 215 183 203 168,5 191 154 179 135,5 163 314,3 325,7 203 223 188,5 211 174 199 155,5 183 334,3 345,7 223 243 208,5 231 194 219 175,5 203 354,3 365,7 243 263 228,5 251 214 239 195,5 223 374,3 385,7 248,5 271 234 259 215,5 243 394,3 405,7 268,5 291 254 279 235,5 263 413,7 426,3 288,5 311 274 299 255,5 283 433,7 446,3 294 319 275,5 303 453,7 466,3 314 339 295,5 323 473,7 486,3 334 359 315,5 343 493,7 506,3 335,5 363 Preferred lengths are defined in terms of ls and lg. P is the pitch of the thread. For lnom u 125 mm. For 125 mm lnom u 200 mm. For lnom ! 200 mm. www.standards.org.au e f ls min. lg max. 77 97 117 137 157 177 197 217 237 257 277 297 317 107 127 147 167 187 207 227 247 267 287 307 327 347 kw,min 0,7 kmin. lg,max lnom b. ls,min lg,max 5 P. © Standards Australia AS 1111.1:2015 5 Table 2 — Non-preferred threads Dimensions in millimetres Thread, d M14 M18 M22 M27 M33 Pa 2 2,5 2,5 3 3,5 b 34 42 50 60 — c 40 48 56 66 78 b ref. d 53 61 69 79 91 c max. 0,6 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 da max. 16,7 21,2 26,4 32,4 38,4 ds max. 14,7 18,7 22,84 27,84 34 min. 13,3 17,3 21,16 26,16 32 dw min. 19,15 24,85 31,35 38 46,55 e min. 22,78 29,56 37,29 45,2 55,37 nom. 8,8 11,5 14 17 21 max. 9,25 12,4 14,9 17,9 22,05 k min. 8,35 10,6 13,1 16,1 19,95 kwe min. 5,85 7,42 9,17 11,27 13,97 r min. 0,6 0,6 0,8 1 1 max. 21,00 27,00 34 41 50 min. 20,16 26,16 33 40 49 nom. s ls and lgf l nom. min. max. ls min. lg max. 60 58,5 61,5 16 26 65 63,5 66,5 21 31 70 68,5 71,5 26 36 ls min. lg max. ls min. lg max. ls min. lg max. ls min. lg max. For sizes above the solid, bold, stepped line, ISO 4018 is recommended. 80 78,5 81,5 36 46 25,5 38 90 88,25 91,75 46 56 35,5 48 27,5 40 100 98,25 101,75 56 66 45,5 58 37,5 50 110 108,25 111,75 66 76 55,5 68 47,5 60 35 50 120 118,25 121,75 76 86 65,5 78 57,5 70 45 60 130 128 132 80 90 69,5 82 61,5 74 49 64 34,5 52 140 138 142 90 100 79,5 92 71,5 84 59 74 44,5 62 150 148 152 89,5 102 81,5 94 69 84 54,5 72 160 156 164 99,5 112 91,5 104 79 94 64,5 82 119,5 132 180 176 184 111,5 124 99 114 84,5 102 200 195,4 204,6 131,5 144 119 134 104,5 122 220 215,4 224,6 138,5 151 126 141 111,5 129 240 235,4 244,6 146 161 131,5 149 260 254,8 265,2 166 181 151,5 167 280 274,8 285,2 171,5 189 300 294,8 305,2 191,5 209 320 314,3 325,7 211,5 229 340 334,3 345,7 360 354,3 365,7 380 374,3 385,7 400 394,3 405,7 420 413,7 426,3 440 433,7 446,3 460 453,7 466,3 480 473,7 486,3 500 493,7 506,3 www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia AS 1111.1:2015 6 Table 2 (continued) Dimensions in millimetres Thread, d M39 M45 M52 M60 Pa 4 — 90 103 1 45,4 40 38 55,86 66,44 25 26,05 23,95 16,77 1 60,0 58,8 4,5 — 102 115 1 52,6 46 44 64,7 76,95 28 29,05 26,95 18,87 1,2 70,0 68,1 5 — 116 129 1 62,6 53,2 50,8 74,2 88,25 33 34,25 31,75 22,23 1,6 80,0 78,1 5,5 — — 145 1 71 61,2 58,8 83,41 99,21 38 39,25 36,75 25,73 2 90,0 87,8 b c b ref. d c da ds dw e k kwe r nom. s max. max. max. min. min. min. nom. max. min. min. min. max. min. ls and lgf l nom. min. max. 60 65 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 58,5 63,5 68,5 78,5 88,25 98,25 108,25 118,25 128 138 61,5 66,5 71,5 81,5 91,75 101,75 111,75 121,75 132 142 150 160 148 156 152 164 b c d lg max. ls min. lg max. ls min. lg max. ls min. lg max. For sizes above the solid, bold, stepped line, ISO 4018 is recommended. 40 50 60 70 180 176 184 70 90 55,5 78 200 220 195,4 215,4 204,6 224,6 90 97 110 117 75,5 82,5 98 105 59 66 84 91 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 235,4 254,8 274,8 294,8 314,3 334,3 354,3 374,3 394,3 413,7 433,7 453,7 473,7 493,7 244,6 265,2 285,2 305,2 325,7 345,7 365,7 385,7 405,7 426,3 446,3 466,3 486,3 506,3 117 137 157 177 197 217 237 257 277 137 157 177 197 217 237 257 277 297 102,5 122,5 142,5 162,5 182,5 202,5 222,5 242,5 262,5 282,5 302,5 125 145 165 185 205 225 245 265 285 305 325 86 106 126 146 166 186 206 226 246 266 286 306 326 346 111 131 151 171 191 211 231 251 271 291 311 331 351 371 NOTE a ls min. 67,5 87,5 107,5 127,5 147,5 167,5 187,5 207,5 227,5 247,5 267,5 287,5 307,5 327,5 95 115 135 155 175 195 215 235 255 275 295 315 335 355 Preferred lengths are defined in terms of ls and lg. P is the pitch of the thread. For lnom u 125 mm. For 125 mm lnom u 200 mm. For lnom ! 200 mm. www.standards.org.au e f kw,min 0,7 kmin. lg,max lnom b. ls,min lg,max 5 P. © Standards Australia AS 1111.1:2015 4 7 Specifications and reference International Standards See Table 3. Table 3 — Specifications and reference International Standards Material Steel General requirements International Standard Thread Tolerance class International Standard Property classa Mechanical property International Standard Tolerance Product grade International Standard ISO 8992 8g ISO 724, ISO 965-1 d u 39 mm: 4.6, 4.8 d ! 39 mm: as agreed d u 39 mm: ISO 898-1 d ! 39 mm: as agreed C ISO 4759-1 As processed Requirements for electroplating are specified in ISO 4042. Finish — Coating Requirements for non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coatings are specified in ISO 10683. Additional requirements or other finishes or coatings shall be agreed between the supplier and the purchaser. Acceptability a 5 Acceptance inspection is specified in ISO 3269. Other property classes are specified in ISO 898-1. Designation EXAMPLE A hexagon head bolt, product grade C, with thread M12, nominal length l is designated as follows: 80 mm and property class 4.6 Hexagon head bolt ISO 4016 - M12 u 80 - 4.6 www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia AS 1111.1:2015 8 Bibliography [1] ISO 888, Bolts, screws and studs — Nominal lengths, and thread lengths for general purpose bolts [2] ISO 4014, Hexagon head bolts — Product grades A and B [3] ISO 4015, Hexagon head bolts — Product grade B — Reduced shank (shank diameter approximately equal to pitch diameter) [4] ISO 4017, Hexagon head screws — Product grades A and B [5] ISO 4032, Hexagon nuts, style 1 — Product grades A and B [6] ISO 4033, Hexagon nuts, style 2 — Product grades A and B [7] ISO 4034, Hexagon nuts — Product grade C [8] ISO 4035, Hexagon thin nuts (chamfered) — Product grades A and B [9] ISO 4036, Hexagon thin nuts (unchamfered) — Product grade B [10] ISO 4161, Hexagon nuts with flange — Coarse thread [11] ISO 4162, Hexagon flange bolts — Small series [12] ISO 7040, Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts (with non-metallic insert), style 1 — Property classes 5, 8 and 10 [13] ISO 7041, Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts (with non-metallic insert), style 2 — Property classes 9 and 12 [14] ISO 7042, Prevailing torque type all-metal hexagon nuts, style 2 — Property classes 5, 8, 10 and 12 [15] ISO 7043, Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts with flange (with non-metallic insert) — Product grades A and B [16] ISO 7044, Prevailing torque type all-metal hexagon nuts with flange — Product grades A and B [17] ISO 7719, Prevailing torque type all-metal hexagon nuts, style 1 — Property classes 5, 8 and 10 [18] ISO 7720, Prevailing torque type all-metal hexagon nuts, style 2 — Property class 9 [19] ISO 8673, Hexagon nuts, style 1, with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B [20] ISO 8674, Hexagon nuts, style 2, with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B [21] ISO 8675, Hexagon thin nuts (chamfered) with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B [22] ISO 8676, Hexagon head screws with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B [23] ISO 8765, Hexagon head bolts with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B [24] ISO 10511, Prevailing torque type hexagon thin nuts (with non-metallic insert) [25] ISO 10512, Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts (with non-metallic insert), style 1, with metric fine pitch thread — Property classes 6, 8 and 10 www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia AS 1111.1:2015 9 [26] ISO 10513, Prevailing torque type all-metal hexagon nuts, style 2, with metric fine pitch thread — Property classes 8, 10 and 12 [27] ISO 10663, Hexagon nuts with flange — Fine pitch thread [28] ISO 12125, Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts with flange (with non-metallic insert) with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B [29] ISO 12126, Prevailing torque type all-metal hexagon nuts with flange with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B [30] ISO 15071, Hexagon bolts with flange —Small series — Product grade A [31] ISO 15072, Hexagon bolts with flange with metric fine pitch thread — Small series — Product grade A [32] ISO 21670, Hexagon weld nuts with flange www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia AS 1111.1:2015 10 NOTES AS 1111.1:2015 11 NOTES AS 1111.1:2015 12 NOTES Standards Australia Standards Australia develops Australian Standards® and other documents of public benefit and national interest. These Standards are developed through an open process of consultation and consensus, in which all interested parties are invited to participate. Through a Memorandum of Understanding with the Commonwealth Government, Standards Australia is recognized as Australia’s peak non-government national standards body. For further information visit www.standards.org.au Australian Standards® Committees of experts from industry, governments, consumers and other relevant sectors prepare Australian Standards. The requirements or recommendations contained in published Standards are a consensus of the views of representative interests and also take account of comments received from other sources. They reflect the latest scientific and industry experience. Australian Standards are kept under continuous review after publication and are updated regularly to take account of changing technology. International Involvement Standards Australia is responsible for ensuring the Australian viewpoint is considered in the formulation of International Standards and that the latest international experience is incorporated in national Standards. This role is vital in assisting local industry to compete in international markets. Standards Australia represents Australia at both the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Sales and Distribution Australian Standards®, Handbooks and other documents developed by Standards Australia are printed and distributed under licence by SAI Global Limited. For information regarding the development of Standards contact: Standards Australia Limited GPO Box 476 Sydney NSW 2001 Phone: 02 9237 6000 Fax: 02 9237 6010 Email: mail@standards.org.au Internet: www.standards.org.au For information regarding the sale and distribution of Standards contact: SAI Global Limited Phone: 13 12 42 Fax: 1300 65 49 49 Email: sales@saiglobal.com ISBN 978 1 76035 201 1 This page has been left intentionally blank.