Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division Office of Gapan City
Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School - Senior High School
REVIEWER IN READING AND WRITING
Concept
Definition
Properties of a Well-Written Text
Organization
 arrangement
 structural framework for writing
Organization
framework of a text’s beginning, middle,
Text structure
and end
Three major parts of a text
Introduction
 lead or the hook
 introduces the readers to the purpose
of the writing by introducing
characters or setting (for narrative)
the organization of the middle of a piece of
Body
writing depends on the genre
restatement of the thesis and major points
Conclusion
Organization
textual cues that readers use to follow a text
Signal words
Properties of a Well-Written Text
overall sense of unity in a text
Coherence
the connection of ideas both at the sentence
Cohesion
level and at the paragraph level
Coherence and Cohesion
hint readers on how the points in paragraph
Signal devices
are progression
refer to words that connect one idea to
Transitions
another, making the writer’s ideas flow
smoothly
include a word, a phrase, or a full sentence
Repetitions
repeated to highlight its importance in the
entire text
words similar in meaning to important
Synonyms
words or phrases
are used to connect sentences by referring to
Pronouns
preceding nouns and pronouns
include the use of matching words, phrases,
Parallel Structures
clauses, or sentence structures to express
similar ideas
Language Use
language used in academic, business, and
Formal Language
official texts
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division Office of Gapan City
Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School - Senior High School
Informal Language
Use of Contractions
Use of Phrasal Verbs
Use of Slang/
Colloquialism
Use of Point of View
Sentence Structure
Use of the Active or Passive Voice
Familiar Language
Direct Language
Simple Language
language used in personal texts meant for
family, friends, and colleagues
Contractions are avoided and replaced in
formal language. Simplified and contracted
words should only be present during casual
communication processes.
Phrasal verbs are used in informal
communication situations but are avoided in
formal events.
Formal language is free of colloquialisms,
slang, figures of speech, clichés, and
improper and broken syntax, which are
highly evident in informal language.
Formal language uses the third-person
nouns and pronouns rather than the firstperson or second-person nouns and
pronouns.
Formal language often necessitates the use
of longer and more complex sentences and
phrases with details and descriptions about
the main ideas of the writing passage.
Formal language uses the passive voice,
which creates an impersonal tone. The
impersonal tone is maintained in formal
language to demonstrate that the writer or
speaker has no personal connection to the
readers or receivers of the message.
It makes use of words commonly found in
everyday life
It makes use of words that are straight to the
point
It is similar to familiar language, as it makes
use of words that are commonplace and
easy to understand.