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Animal Diversity, 8e (Hickman)
Chapter 1 Science of Zoology and Evolution of Animal Diversity
1) A characteristic of science is that
A) it is not explained by natural laws.
B) its hypotheses are testable.
C) its conclusions are final.
D) it is not falsifiable.
E) it seeks to define the vitalistic forces of life.
Answer: B
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
2) During the creation court case in Arkansas, Judge Overton defined the essential properties of
science. Which statement is NOT true about science?
A) Science is concerned about understanding the natural world.
B) Science approaches data in a personal or subjective manner.
C) Conclusions of science are subject to change based on new findings.
D) Science establishes hypotheses that have the potential to be tested and disproved.
Answer: B
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
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3) Much of science is based on an approach known as the ________ method.
A) natural
B) inductive-deductive
C) hypothetical
D) hypothetico-deductive
Answer: D
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
4) What is a hypothesis?
A) A tentative statement, based on information or data, that explains a large number of
observations and guides experimentation.
B) A report of the findings of scientific experiments.
C) A general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often in an "if . . . then" format.
D) Using isolated facts to reach a general idea that may explain a phenomenon.
Answer: A
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
5) Which statement about a hypothesis is NOT correct?
A) Experiments or observations are conducted to test a hypothesis.
B) A hypothesis can be tested many times using different methods.
C) Data that support a hypothesis actually prove it to be true.
D) If data from experimentation does not lend support to a hypothesis, the hypothesis must be
rejected or revised.
Answer: C
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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6) Which of the following best describes a conceptual scheme in science that is strongly supported,
has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many observations?
A) A scientific paradigm
B) Descriptive research
C) A scientific theory
D) Experimental results
Answer: C
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
7) Attempting to understand proximate or immediate causes in Biology requires this type of
approach:
A) Evolutionary.
B) Descriptive.
C) Theoretical.
D) Experimental.
Answer: D
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
8) What is the goal of using the experimental method to investigate proximate causes in biology?
A) To disprove biological principles or theories.
B) To test our understanding of a biological system.
C) To better mankind by inventing something unique.
D) To prove or disprove the existence of God.
Answer: B
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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9) To have a frame of reference against which to compare experimental findings, a scientist must
A) study two groups: a control group and an experimental group.
B) eliminate all expectations that might cause a biased interpretation of the results.
C) have other scientists look at the results.
D) do nothing; a "frame of reference" is not necessary.
Answer: A
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
10) Which statement is NOT correct about experimental design?
A) All conditions are held the same except for the condition being tested for in the experimental
group.
B) It is best to use identical subjects (except for the treatment in the experimental group) in order to
reduce the uncontrolled factors.
C) The condition being tested in an experiment is the "control."
D) Statistical comparisons are made between groups to determine if any difference is beyond
random chance.
Answer: C
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
11) Which best describes a control group in an experiment?
A) A group with the condition that is being tested.
B) A non-random sample taken through all experimental steps.
C) A variable that is being deliberately varied in the experiment.
D) A group that lacks the disturbance experienced by the experimental group.
Answer: D
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
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12) Some ecologists study complex interactions of animals and plants in forests. Such field
research produces slightly different results for different researchers. In contrast, ecology
experiments performed indoors with one organism in a terrarium usually produce results that are
repeatable. What is the most likely explanation?
A) The scientific method is only useful in laboratory settings.
B) It is not possible to establish a control group outside of a laboratory.
C) It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory.
D) Fieldwork is evolutionary; laboratory work is experimental.
Answer: C
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
13) A person goes around banging a drum each day. You ask him why. He replies, "To drive off
the tigers!" You reply "But there aren't any tigers around here." He replies, "See, it works!" From a
science viewpoint, this conclusion
A) is science because it is predictive of what will happen tomorrow morning.
B) is scientifically valid because there is probably a connection between loud noise and absence of
tigers.
C) is not valid unless there is the potential for tigers to be here, or a test is run with tigers.
D) cannot be scientifically treated because it involves human behavior.
Answer: C
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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14) From Missouri to central Ohio to Pennsylvania, many people believe that they have water
moccasins ("cottonmouth snakes") in their farm ponds. Many have "seen them" although they are
not so foolish as to try to capture one alive. Meanwhile, the wildlife officers and the range maps in
the herpetology books say that cottonmouths do not breed this far north. What is the most scientific
attitude to assume on this issue?
A) Observations by both the public and the fish and game officers are subjective so this is not
possible to resolve objectively.
B) A field trip to the pond locations to capture and confirm the identity of the snakes would settle
the matter.
C) Scientific books with range maps are based on field research and, therefore, determine the truth
in this case.
D) Because living organisms are active, scientific theories in biology always change and the older
books are therefore wrong.
Answer: B
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
15) Which of the following questions addresses an ultimate cause in biology that could be studied
using the comparative method?
A) How does an animal maintain a constant body temperature in different environmental
conditions?
B) What are the evolutionary factors that caused some species of birds to acquire complex patterns
of seasonal migration between North and South America?
C) What are the environmental factors that signal the birds of a particular species to begin their
seasonal migration?
D) What are the receptors for geomagnetism in Monarch butterflies?
Answer: B
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
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Copyright 2018 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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16) The theory of evolution, along with all other theories in science
A) has been proven in a mathematical sense.
B) is mere speculation.
C) is testable, tentative, and potentially falsifiable.
D) is so powerful that no conceivable evidence could possibly refute it.
Answer: C
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
17) The theory that all forms of life descended from a common ancestor through a branching of
lineages constitutes Darwin's theory of
A) perpetual change.
B) common descent.
C) multiplication of species.
D) natural selection.
Answer: B
Section: 01.03
Topic: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the five major conjectures of Darwin’s evolutionary theory:
perpetual change, common descent, multiplication of species, gradualism, and natural selection.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
18) The statement that the large anatomical differences that separate the major groups of animals
originated through the accumulation of many small incremental changes over long periods of time
illustrates Darwin's theory of
A) perpetual change.
B) multiplication of species.
C) gradualism.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 01.03
Topic: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Learning Objective: 01.03 Explain how Darwin's theories of perpetual change, common descent,
and multiplication of species are supported by all relevant data, and why continuing controversies
about the roles of gradualism and natural selection do not challenge these first three theories.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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19) The principle of natural selection is founded in which of the following statements?
A) Organisms vary and some variations provide an advantage for survival.
B) All organisms tend to overproduce their kind.
C) There is a struggle for existence among varying organisms in a population.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: D
Section: 01.03
Topic: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the five major conjectures of Darwin’s evolutionary theory:
perpetual change, common descent, multiplication of species, gradualism, and natural selection.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
20) Which of these is a variation of form, function, or behavior that promotes the likelihood of a
species' continued existence?
A) Evolution
B) Metabolism
C) Adaptation
D) Homeostasis
Answer: C
Section: 01.03
Topic: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the five major conjectures of Darwin’s evolutionary theory:
perpetual change, common descent, multiplication of species, gradualism, and natural selection.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
21) What was the major obstacle that Darwin's theory of natural selection faced when first
proposed in 1859?
A) It lacked a valid theory of heredity.
B) It was unable to explain adaptation.
C) It could not explain the origins of new anatomical structures.
D) It required unreasonably long periods of time to operate.
Answer: A
Section: 01.03
Topic: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Learning Objective: 01.03 Explain how Darwin's theories of perpetual change, common descent,
and multiplication of species are supported by all relevant data, and why continuing controversies
about the roles of gradualism and natural selection do not challenge these first three theories.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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22) A group within an experimental design that is subjected to all the conditions except the
experimental variable is called the ________.
Answer: control
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
23) A broad concept in science that is strongly supported by many forms of evidence, is accepted
by an overwhelming number of scientists, and has not yet been found to be incorrect is a
________.
Answer: theory
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
24) Physiological sciences ask questions about the __________ causes underlying a biological
system whereas the evolutionary sciences ask questions about the ultimate causes that have
produced the system.
Answer: proximate
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Get all Chapter’s Instant download by email at etutorsource@gmail.com
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Copyright 2018 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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Instant download. Just send email and get all chapters download.
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25) Religious groups formerly proclaiming their views under the banner "creation-science" have
renamed their arguments "__________ __________ __________ " in an attempt to gain
credibility.
Answer: intelligent design theory
Section: 01.01
Topic: Principles of Science
Learning Objective: 01.01 Explain that science consists in testing, possibly rejecting, and
improving our simplest and best explanations using data, not in proving the correctness of a
conjecture.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
26) Explain Darwinian evolution as an emergent property of the population level of biological
organization.
Answer: Answers will vary but should reflect the lack of ability to predict evolution from
population level features
Section: 01.03; 01.07
Topic: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution; Macroevolution: Major Evolutionary Events and
Processes
Learning Objective: 01.05 Explain why the population, not the organism, is the unit of
evolution.; 01.03 Explain how Darwin's theories of perpetual change, common descent, and
multiplication of species are supported by all relevant data, and why continuing controversies
about the roles of gradualism and natural selection do not challenge these first three theories.
Bloom's: 6. Create
Gradable: manual
27) Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently developed the theory of evolution.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 01.02
Topic: Origins of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the five major conjectures of Darwin’s evolutionary theory:
perpetual change, common descent, multiplication of species, gradualism, and natural selection.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
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28) Which statements given below correctly describe the origins of Darwinian evolutionary
theory?
A) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck is credited with proposing the first complete hypothesis for
evolution. His hypothesis is still favored today.
B) Charles Lyell was a geologist that contributed the idea of uniformitarianism which has two
major assumptions. First, the laws of chemistry and physics are constant and second that
geological processes occur by natural events.
C) Charles Darwin was the first person to propose that living things have been shaped by
evolutionary change.
D) Darwin's primarily Arctic voyage is credited with providing him the specimens and data to
assemble his theory of evolution.
Answer: B
Section: 01.02
Topic: Origins of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the five major conjectures of Darwin’s evolutionary theory:
perpetual change, common descent, multiplication of species, gradualism, and natural selection.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
29) The fossil record is incomplete for animals which poses a major challenge to evolutionary
theory.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 01.04
Topic: Evidence for Darwin’s Five Theories of Evolution
Learning Objective: 01.04 Explain the changes to Darwin’s theory contributed by subsequent
work in genetics and paleontology.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
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30) Which statements given below provide evidence for Darwin's theory of Evolution?
A) The law of stratigraphy, from the discipline of Geology, has allowed for the relative dating of
rocks.
B) Radiometric dating strategies provide approximations of fossil ages based on the decay of
naturally occurring elements.
C) When studying evolutionary trends in the fossil record scientists regularly demonstrate
superiority of more recent animals when compared with ancestral species.
D) Darwin's theory of evolution is based on common descent. One testable aspect of this
hypothesis is the ability of scientists to trace back the history of all modern species.
Answer: A, B, D
Section: 01.04
Topic: Evidence for Darwin’s Five Theories of Evolution
Learning Objective: 01.04 Explain the changes to Darwin’s theory contributed by subsequent
work in genetics and paleontology.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
31) Darwin’s theory of evolution failed to correctly identify a mechanism for inheritance. This was
later 'fixed' by a German biologist named August Weismann who provided data demonstrating that
modifications of an organism are not passed on to the offspring of the organism.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 01.05
Topic: Revisions of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory
Learning Objective: 01.04 Explain the changes to Darwin’s theory contributed by subsequent
work in genetics and paleontology.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
32) Microevolution is described as the study of changes in frequencies of variant forms of genes
within individuals and species.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 01.06
Topic: Microevolution: Genetic Variation and Change Within Species
Learning Objective: 01.05 Explain why the population, not the organism, is the unit of evolution.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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33) Which statements provided below accurately describe microevolution?
A) The different alleles present for any one gene locus represent the gene pool.
B) The different alleles present for any one gene locus are described as polymorphisms.
C) Use of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium allows us to predict the ratios of genotypes and
phenotypes that should occur in the next generation.
D) Deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium allows us to pinpoint when and how evolution
is occurring.
Answer: B, C, D
Section: 01.06
Topic: Microevolution: Genetic Variation and Change Within Species
Learning Objective: 01.05 Explain why the population, not the organism, is the unit of evolution.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
34) The field of macroevolution considers evolution on a grand scale and encompasses the origins
of new structures and designs, evolutionary trends, adaptive radiation, phylogenetic relationships
of species, and mass extinctions.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 01.07
Topic: Macroevolution: Major Evolutionary Events and Processes
Learning Objective: 01.05 Explain why the population, not the organism, is the unit of evolution.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
35) Which statements given below provide correct descriptions of macroevolution?
A) Mass extinctions primarily kill off plant life leaving animal numbers virtually unchanged.
B) Following a mass extinction, when one species has an advantage over another species, for
survival, we call it catastrophic species selection.
C) Over time, any species ultimately has two possible evolutionary fates: it may give rise to new
species or become extinct without leaving descendants.
D) None of the choices is correct.
Answer: B, C
Section: 01.07
Topic: Macroevolution: Major Evolutionary Events and Processes
Learning Objective: 01.05 Explain why the population, not the organism, is the unit of evolution.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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one_number&app_absent=0
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Author Name.