MINISTRY OF YOUTH EMPOWERMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING MAGAMBA TRAINING CENTRE MINISTRY OF YOUTH, SPORT, ARTS AND RECREATION MAGAMBA TRAINING CENTRE INSTITUTION: MAGAMBA TRAINING CENTRE PROGRAMME: COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE CANDIDATE NUMBER:- MAN0123001 AN INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE FARM AND AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT SECTION BY BUZUZI OLGA TARIRO IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN AGRICULTURE REQUIREMENTS. AREA OF ATTACHMENT:- WEBER FARM PRODUCE PERIOD OF ATTACHMENT:- TWELVE MONTHS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the accomplishment of my Industrial Attachment, many people have best owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledged support, this time l am utilizing to thank the people who have been concerned with my Industrial Attachment. Primarily l would thank God for being able to help me complete this attachment period with success.Then l would like to thank my principal, Mr Chisunga and my agriculture lecturers not mentioning their names, whose valuable guidance has been the one that helped me patch this attachment.l would also like to thank the owner of the farm where l attached, Mr Webster Muti. His suggestions and instructions have served as the major contributor towards the completion of my attachment. Then l would like to thank my sister who helped me with her valuable suggestions and guidance. Lastly but not least, l would like to thank my classmates who helped me a lot. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION STUDENT NAME : BUZUZI OLGA TARIRO NAME OF FARM : WEBSTER FARM PRODUCE FARM OWNER : MR WEBSTER MUTI POSTAL ADDRESS : TINY PLOT NUMBER 11 TOTAL AREA OF LAND : 30 HECTARES ARABLE LAND : 5 HECTARES PADDOCKS( NON ARABLE) : 25 HECTARES DISTRICT : MAKONI PROVINCE : MANICALAND REGION : Webster Farm Produce is a farm that is located in Nyazura which is in Manicaland , 72 km Northwest of Mutare. The farm specializes on Animal Production, Horticultural Crops, Field Crops and a bit of aAgricultural Engineering. The farm is 30 hectares which is categorized into two sections which is 5 hectares arable land and 25 hectares non arable land . It is in natural region 2. The farm produces layers, cabbages ,maize , onions, watermelons , butternuts , bovines , goats. The vision of the farmer is to provide quality products and services to meet the market demand and satisfy customers. Functions of the farm Exploring Educating Community Development Farm organogram Farm Owner Supervisors Students CHAPTER TWO Workers ACTIVITIES PERFORMED Crop Varieties Area Diamond 1 hectare ilanga 1 hectare Indica Plus Fabiola Gemma Plus Kilimo 1 hectare Butternut Waltham Pus 0.5 hectare Watermelons Crimson Sweet 1 hectare Maize K2 1 hectare Type of livestock Breed Number of animals Layers Hyline 2500 Cattle Mashoma Cross Brahman 24 Goats Boer 94 Potato Onion Cabbages ENTERPRISES COVERD CROP PRODUCTION 1.Cabbage Production Cabbage is a cool-season vegetable that belongs to Brasicacea family which is rich in vitamin C, protein and fibre Land Preparation It was done using a tractor drawn disc plough and a disc harrow. A disc harrow was used so as to soil to fine tilth for good germination and drainage. Planting Floatbeds were used for nurseries. Tools and materials that were used for nurseries are floattrays, humus, seeds, polyplastics (black), bricks, watering canes , disinfectant and floatfert. Small holes were used manually to make planting station with a depth of 20-25 cm . Before planting cabbage, we prepare soil by incorporating organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure. Spacing used was 45cm inrow and 60cm interrow to achieve 37000 plants/hectare. Fertilizer Application Compound D was applied as the Basal fertilizer, 30g per planting station and was closed to avoid seed burn. Top dressing was applied 3 weeks after transplanting. During top dressing we used side placement method. Ammonium Nitrate was used , using cup number 5. Weed Control Weeds were controlled manually using hoes and hand pulling. Pest And Disease Control The tables below shows pest ,disease and their control. Pest Chemical Dosage Cutworm Lamda 0.20L/ hectare Termites Imidacloprid 0.5L/hectare Aphids Malathion 50EC 20mls/10L water Disease Chemical Downey Mildew Ridomil Gold Powdery Mildew Metalaxyl Irrigation The amount of water required depend on the time of the year and the stage of crop growth. Drip irrigation was used. Cabbage plant require a consistent moisture. We provided about 2.5-3.8cm³ of water per week. Over watering is prohibited since it can lead to root rot. Harvesting Cabbage takes 90 days to grow . Harvesting was done using matchet. Marketing Cabbages were sold in local markets in Nyazura and some were transported to Rusape. 2.Watermelons Variety: Crimson Sweet Crimson sweet is round in shape ,with dark green stripes. The flesh colour is dark red inside Land Preparation Watermelons require well drained souls so it was dug to a sufficient depth to allow good aeration and root penetration. We used a ripper to loosen the soul and lastly a plough and disc. We used a rooting depth of 60cm. Planting Watermelons are grown in summer since they are prone to frost. We pre-irrigated the soil up to field capacity before planting. Direct planting was done into the soil as seeds, 2 seeds per planting station with a spacing of 60cm inrow spacing and 4m interrow spacing. Fertilizers Organic manure was used so as to enhance taste. Compound C was used as Basal fertilizer at a rate of 600-800kg/ha. We used cup number 30(30g/planting station). Top dressing was done 15 days after germination. Calcium Ammonium Nitrate is used to improve shell life. Weed Control Hand pulling was done before vining. Disease and Pest Control Dosage Pest Control Cutworm Lamda Fruitfly Whitefly Imidachloride Disease Control Powdery Mildew Ridomil Gold Early Blight Copper Oxychloride 50ml/100L water Dosage 100g/100L water When watermelons were at flowering stage, we made baits that helped us to trap all the flies that attacked our flowers. We used a yellow lid , cotton and malathion powder. Irrigation Water is crucial for successful watermelons as 90% of the fruit is water. We used drip irrigation. Harvesting Before harvesting we checked on the following stages of ripeness which are÷ Checking the colour Looking for ground spot Checking the weight Stem Taste test Marketing The size of the fruit determined the prize of each fruit. They were sold in Nyazura, Rusape and Harare. 3.Potato Variety: Diamond Land Preparation Potatoes need a well drained soil. The field was opened up with some type of deep tillage to allow drainage. Seed Preparation Seeds were bought at Nyaradzo funeral policy farm based in Nyazura.A room was prepared and seeds where laid to allow sprouting to take place.Gibeleric Acid was used for quick sprouting. Planting Potatoes were planted manually using a hoe to create trenches.The potatoes where planted into moist soil but not overly wet soil at a depth of 15cm.At planting,oxmyl was sprayed to prevent nematodes. Fertilizer Application Basal dressing using Compound C at 30g/planting station. Top dressing using Ammonium Nitrate at 5g/planting station. Earthing Up It was done to prevent the tubers from sunlight,controlling weeds and keeping the soil cool and moist,promoting tuber growth. Irrigation Drip irrigation was used and prevents tuber cracking and mulformation. Pests And Diseases We monitored for pests and diseases for signs of pests like potato beetle and diseases like blight.We used the following chemicals ÷ Pest Chemical Fall armyworm Emmamectin Benzoate Disease Chemical Dosage Late blight Terror 52.5g knapsack Early blight Mancozeb 80WP 2.3-2.9kg/ha 4.Onion Land Preparation Onion do best in well drained soils at least 650mm deep. Transplanting Seedlings were already 8 weeks after planting when the seedlings' necks were pencil size,10-15cm tall.Plant spacing used was 20cm between rows and 8cm within rows. Fertilizers Compound C was used as the basal fertilizer.First top dressing was done 30 days after transplanting using broadcasting method .Second top dressing was done using Ammonium Nitrate 45 days after transplanting.Strip or banding method was used at second application.I have learned that too much nitrogen result in thick necks. Weeding Hand pulling was used. Irrigation Onions require light and frequent irrigation.At bulbing stage,we applied a substantial amount of water.We used overhead springler irrigation. Pest And Disease Control Pest Chemical Dosage Thrips Malathion 50EC 250mls/100L water Disease Chemical Downy Mildew Mancozeb Harvesting Harvesting was done when 50% of the plants have dropped and shrank,when the bulbs were visible from the soil.Onions were lifted by hands and stored in ventilated store. 5.Maize Production Planting Hand planting was used using a spacing of 30cm×60cm. Fertilizer Application Basal dressing was done at planting using Compound D 30g/planting station.When were at knee height,we applied Ammonium Nitrate using a cup number 5. Irrigation Drip irrigation was used. Weed Control Hoes were used for weeding. Pest Control Pest Chemical Method Used Fall Armyworm Acetamiprid Knapsack Ecoterex Harvesting Manual method was used using matchets. CHAPTER THREE LIVESTOCK LAYERS Breed:Hyline Hand Application Materials used during breeding÷ Thermometer Curtains Charcoal burners Chick trays and chick drinkers Shovel Tabular feeders Management Chicks from day old to 8 weeks they are given chick concentrate, from 9-18 weeks they are given growers and from 19 weeks and going onwards they are given layers concentrate. Food and water should should be available all the time. Each bird consume 125g per day. All bad layers should be selected and culled. Laying nests should be kept with grass so as to avoid dirty eggs that will cause losses. Layers were dewormed after every 6 weeks and after 8 weeks. Maclone 30 was applied. We used Piperine for deworming then Calvitam for strong bones and egg shells. Vaccination At Weber Farm Produce we used a vaccination program as indicated below. Age Vaccine Admin Trade Name Day 1 Mareck/NDV IBD NDV/ID Hatchery S/C INJ. Hatchery S/C INJ. Hatchery Spray Vectormune HVT NDV Transmune HT praviar clone Day 10 NDV/ID Water MA5 clone 30 Day 15 IBD Water CEVAC IBD L Day 22 NDV/IB Eye Drop MA5 clone 30 Day25 IBD Water CEVAC IBD L 4 weeks Fowl Pox NDV/IB Wing stab(left) Water AVIPRO POX MA5 clone 30 5 weeks ILT Nose drop ILT 6 weeks MG NDV/IB Right breast Water AVIPRO 104 MA5 clone 3 7 weeks Coryza Left Breast CORVAC 4 10 weeks Deworm Water VALBAZEN 11 weeks ILT AE+ POX Nose drop Wing stab ILT AE+ 13 Weeks Coryza Left Breast CORVAC 4 14 weeks NDV/IB MG IB/NDV EDS Water Right Breast Left Breast MA5 clone 30 AVIPRO 104 IB/NDV/EDS 16 weeks EGGS Eggs were collected two times a day using a bucket with hay.In the egg tray eggs were placed,the big end facing upwards and the pointed side facing downwards.Eggs were cleaned using a sand paper.All cracked eggs were placed in separate trays.Eggs were graded according to colour,size and shape. Marketing Each crate of eggs costed $4.Eggs were sold at local markets and some were transported to Ruspe and Harare.When layers reached the stage of off laying,all the layers were slaughtered and sold at $4 each. CHAPTER FOUR EXPERIENCE GAINED BY STUDENT Industrial Attachment period at Weber farm produce was successful and fruitful.Being an agricultural student has been one of the most adventurous aspect of my life.The student managed to experience field work and how it is done. On livestock management,I experienced that managing and rearing animals is more demanding than raising or managing human beings.It requires a lot of skills.I was exposed to and engaged in the value chain across the livestock sector, from poultry to goats.I opened myself to the realities and limitations of the sector because livestock is a sector that I have keen interest in.This was educative for me. Lesson learned was time management and investment.I also learned about hardwork and teamwork.For an organization to achieve remarkable success,there is need for collaboration and partnership.It was great working with brilliant minds. Technical management is important as it is the key for achieving success.I was exposed to technical skills though there were some limitations,but it was a nice time learning and getting to know new things. CHAPTER FIVE PROBLEMS FACED AND SOLUTIONS Problem Solution Shortage of labour Employ many workers Lack of farm machineries Farmer to buy farm machineries Veldfires that burnt paddocks Creating fire guards around paddocks Poor protective dressing e.g masks, respirators Farmer to provide healthy dressing to workers . CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Recommendation Farm workers should be given off days and leave days.Working hours should be reduced. Conclusion At Weber farm produce,I was exposed to different fields of study and it helped me to think outside the box and gained experience in human management.
