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IM Ch 1
Chapter 1 The Basics
OVERVIEW
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce basic anatomical terms and the physiological concept of homeostasis. The chapter also introduces the concepts of
pathology relating to the human body.
COMPETENCY CORRELATION GRID
Learning Outcome
CAAHEP Competencies
ABHES Competencies
1.1 Define anatomy, physiology, and
pathology.
I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body
3.b. Build and dissect medical terms from roots/suffixes
to understand the word element combinations
1.2 Describe the location of structures in the
human body using anatomical terms of
direction, regions, planes, positions, and
cavities.
1.3 Locate serous membranes by their
individual names and relative location to
organs.
I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, and
quadrants
2.a. List all body systems and their structures and
functions
I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, and
quadrants
2.a. List all body systems and their structures and
functions
1.4 Define homeostasis and explain why it is so
important in human physiology.
I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body
3.a. Define and use entire basic structure of medical
words and be able to accurately identify in the correct
context (i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling
and definitions)
1.5 Define negative feedback and positive
feedback and explain their importance to
homeostasis.
I.C.2. Identify body systems
2.a. List all body systems and their structures and
functions
1.6 Define disease and describe the
relationship between disease and
homeostasis.
I.C.9. Analyze pathology for each body system
2.b. Describe common diseases, symptoms, and
etiologies as they apply to each system
1.7 Define predisposing factors of disease
and explain how specific predisposing
factors affect disease.
I.C.9. Analyze pathology for each body system
2.b. Describe common diseases, symptoms, and
etiologies as they apply to each system
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IM Ch 1
Learning Outcome
CAAHEP Competencies
ABHES Competencies
1.8 Differentiate between signs and
symptoms of disease and give an example
of each.
I.C.9. Analyze pathology for each body system
2.b. Describe common diseases, symptoms, and
etiologies as they apply to each system
1.9 Explain the function of pain and
inflammation.
I.C.9. Analyze pathology for each body system
2.b. Describe common diseases, symptoms, and
etiologies as they apply to each system
1.10 Explain the two classifications of disease
and the subcategories of each.
I.C.9. Analyze pathology for each body system
2.b. Describe common diseases, symptoms, and
etiologies as they apply to each system
1.11 Define diagnosis and list the steps
involved in diagnosing diseases.
I.C.9. Analyze pathology for each body system
2.c. Identify diagnostic and treatment modalities as
they relate to each body system
1.12 Define differential diagnosis and explain
when it may be used.
I.C.8. Identify common pathology related to each body
system
2.c. Identify diagnostic and treatment modalities as
they relate to each body system
1.13 Summarize four types of treatment
plans.
I.C.9.b. Analyze pathology for each body system,
including treatment modalities
2.c. Identify diagnostic and treatment modalities as
they relate to each body system
1.14 Define epidemiology and explain how
epidemiology affects health care.
I.C.9. Analyze pathology for each body system
2.c. Identify diagnostic and treatment modalities as
they relate to each body system
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IM Ch 1
SUMMARY TABLE 1
LEARNING OUTCOME
LECTURE OUTLINE
ACTIVITIES—TALKING POINTS
ASSESSMENTS
1.1 Define anatomy, physiology,
and pathology.
1.1 Overview
Workbook Concept Maps:
(For answers, see below)
 Figure 1.12 Homeostasis concept map
Workbook Review Questions:
 Completion: 5
 Critical Thinking: 2
1.2 Describe the location of
structures in the human body
using anatomical terms of
direction, regions, planes,
positions, and cavities.
1.2 Terms of Anatomy
A. Anatomical Terms of Direction
B. Anatomical Regions
C. Anatomical Planes
D. Anatomical Positions
E. Anatomical Cavities
Talking Point: Stress that all directional terms
are in reference to the patient—not to you.
Stress that all terms mean the same thing
regardless of the position the patient is in.
Always think of the patient as being in the
anatomical position.
Spot Check: 1-2
Chapter Figures:
Figure 1.1 Standard anatomical
position
Figure 1.2 Sagittal view of the head
Figure 1.3 Chest and abdominal organs
Figure 1.4 Layers of the skin
Figure 1.5 Anatomical regions
Figure 1.6 Abdominal quadrants and nine
regions of the abdomen
Figure 1.7 Anatomical planes
Figure 1.8 Body cavities
Discussion Point: 1, IM page 10
Workbook Review Questions:
 Multiple Select: 1-2
 Matching: 1-5
 Completion: 1-3
Group Activity: 1, IM page 10
Workbook Coloring Book:
 Figure 1.1 Anatomical terms of direction
 Figure 1.2 Anatomical regions
 Figure 1.3 Anatomical planes
 Figure 1.4 Anatomical cavities
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LEARNING OUTCOME
1.2 Continued
LECTURE OUTLINE
Tables:
Table 1.1 Anatomical Terms of
Direction
Table 1.2 Anatomical Regions
Table 1.3 Anatomical Planes
Table 1.4 Anatomical Positions
Table 1.5 Anatomical Cavities
ACTIVITIES—TALKING POINTS
ASSESSMENTS
Workbook Lab Exercises and Activities:
 Hand
 Figure 1.7 Hand with bones drawn on it
Talking Point: Check for use of anatomical
position
 Figure 1.8 Heart surgery
Workbook Concept Maps:
(For answers, see below)
 Figure 1.9 Anatomical terms concept
map
 Figure 1.10 Anatomical regions concept
map
 Figure 1.11 Anatomical cavities concept
map
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LEARNING OUTCOME
1.3 Locate serous membranes by
their individual names and
relative location to organs.
LECTURE OUTLINE
1.2 Terms of Anatomy
F. Serous Membranes
Chapter Figures:
Figure 1.9 Water balloon
Figure 1.10 Pericardial and pleural
membranes
Figure 1.11 Peritoneal membrane
Figure 1.12 Anterior view of the
abdominopelvic organs
Figure 1.13 Anterior view of omentums
and mesenteries
ACTIVITIES—TALKING POINTS
Talking Point: Serous membranes are
introduced in this chapter as they relate to
cavities. They will be covered in later chapters
as they relate to physiology. For example,
pleural membranes are explained more fully in
Chapter 12 in relation to the mechanics of
breathing.
ASSESSMENTS
Spot Check: 3-4
Suggested Activities:
 Quiz 1.1, IM page 11
Workbook Review Questions:
 Critical Thinking: 1
Workbook Lab Exercises and Activities:
 Figure 1.8 Heart surgery
Workbook Concept Maps:
(For answers, see below)
 Figure 1.11 Anatomical cavities concept
map
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LEARNING OUTCOME
LECTURE OUTLINE
ACTIVITIES—TALKING POINTS
ASSESSMENTS
1.4 Define homeostasis and explain
why it is so important in human
physiology.
1.3 Terms of Physiology
A. Homeostasis
Workbook Concept Maps:
(For answers see below)
 Figure 1.12 Homeostasis concept map
Workbook Review Questions:
 Completion: 4
1.5 Define negative feedback and
positive feedback and explain their
importance to homeostasis.
1.3 Terms of Physiology
A. Homeostasis
1. Negative feedback
2. Positive feedback
Talking Point: The homeostasis icon
(introduced in this section of the chapter) will
appear throughout all of the chapters when
topics directly relate to homeostasis.
Spot Check: 5
Chapter Figure:
Figure 1.14 Negative feedback
mechanisms for blood sugar regulation
Discussion Point: 2, IM page 12
Workbook Review Questions:
 Critical Thinking: 3
 Case Study: 1
Talking Point: A thermostat in a home is a
good example of negative feedback. As a
room gets colder, the room's thermostat
sends a message to the furnace to send more
heat, which it does until the thermostat sends
another message to stop. How would this
work in the summer?
Talking Point: Draw representative examples
of negative and positive feedback graphs on
the board. The negative feedback would show
a fluctuation in the data. The positive feedback
would show a graph with a linear line going up
and up and up (for example).
1.6 Define disease and describe
the relationship between disease
and homeostasis.
1.4 Terms of Pathology
A. Introduction to Disease
Workbook Chapter Review Questions:
 Critical Thinking: 3
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LEARNING OUTCOME
1.7 Define predisposing
factors of disease and
explain how specific
predisposing factors affect
disease.
LECTURE OUTLINE
1.4 Terms of Pathology
B. Predisposing Factors of Disease
1. Age
a. Children
 Congenital disorders
 Genetic disorders
 Developmental disorders
b. The elderly
2. Gender
3. Lifestyle
4. Environment
5. Heredity
ACTIVITIES—TALKING POINTS
Workbook Coloring Book:
 Figure: 1.6 Predisposing factors of
disease
ASSESSMENTS
Spot Check: 6
Workbook Chapter Review Questions:
 Multiple Select: 5
Lab Exercises and Activities:
 Table 1.1 Family Diseases
 Childhood Diseases
 Table 1.2 CDC Recommended
Immunization Schedule for All Persons
Aged 0–18 Years
Workbook Concept Maps:
 Figure 1.13 Predisposing factors of
disease concept map
Chapter Figures:
Figure 1.15 A child suffering with
chickenpox
Figure 1.16 A child with a cleft lip
Figure 1.17 A child receiving a vaccination
1.8 Differentiate between signs and
symptoms of disease and give an
example of each.
1.4 Terms of Pathology
C. Signs and Symptoms of Disease
Spot Check: 7
Workbook Chapter Review Questions:
 Multiple Select: 6
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LEARNING OUTCOME
LECTURE OUTLINE
1.9 Explain the function of pain and
inflammation.
1.4 Terms of Pathology
C. Signs and Symptoms of Disease
1. Pain
2. Inflammation
ACTIVITIES—TALKING POINTS
Discussion Point: 3, IM page 13
ASSESSMENTS
Workbook Chapter Review Questions:
 Multiple Select: 7-8
 Completion: 6
Chapter Figure:
Figure 1.18 Splinter in the skin damages
tissues and promotes an inflammatory
response
1.10 Explain two
classifications of disease and
the subcategories of each.
1.4 Terms of Pathology
D. Classification of Disease
1. Infectious diseases
a. Communicable diseases
b. Noncommunicable diseases
2. Noninfectious diseases
a. Cancers
b. Immune disorders
1. Hypersensitivities
2. Immunodeficiency disorders
3. Autoimmune disorders
3. Genetic disorders
4. Mental disorders
5. Trauma/injury
Workbook Concept Maps:
 Figure 1.14 Classification of
disease concept map
 Figure 1.15 Immune disorders
concept map
Chapter Figure:
Figure 1.19 Trauma to the leg obtained by
a sports injury
1.11 Define diagnosis and list the
steps involved in diagnosing
diseases.
1.4 Terms of Pathology
E. Diagnosing Disease
Workbook Coloring Book:
 Diagnosing Disease
 Figure 1.5 Steps to diagnosing disease
Workbook Chapter Review Questions:
 Matching: 6-10
 Case Study: 1, 2
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LEARNING OUTCOME
LECTURE OUTLINE
1.12 Define differential diagnosis
and explain when it may be used.
1.4 Terms of Pathology
E. Diagnosing Disease
1. Differential diagnosis
2. Diagnostic tests and screenings
ACTIVITIES—TALKING POINTS
Discussion Point: 4, IM page 13
ASSESSMENTS
Workbook Chapter Review Questions:
 Multiple Select: 3
 Case Study: 2-3
Chapter Figure:
Figure 1.20 Sample of a diagnostic test
table
1.13 Summarize four types of
treatment plans.
Spot Check: 9
1.4 Terms of Pathology
F. Treatment of the Disease
1. Palliative treatment
2. Curative treatment
3. Therapeutic treatment
4. Preventive treatment
Workbook Chapter Review Questions:
 Multiple Select: 9
Chapter Figures:
Figure 1.21 Home health care for a
terminally ill patient
Figure 1.22 Patient receiving physical
therapy
1.14 Define epidemiology and
explain how epidemiology affects
health care.
1.4 Terms of Pathology
G. Epidemiology
Chapter Figure:
Figure 1.23 Patients suffering from
the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918
Discussion Point: 5, IM page 13
Spot Check: 10
Workbook Chapter Review Questions:
 Multiple Select: 10
Table:
Table 1.6 Most Prominent Chronic Diseases
in the United States)
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SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES
LEARNING OUTCOME 1.2
Group Activity: 1
Divide the class into groups of 3, 4, or 5 students. Each student in the group should describe the location of a body structure using 3 anatomical terms not used by other
members of the group. The group should compile a list of each member's contribution. When finished, each group exchanges their list with another group, who checks the
list for accuracy.
Discussion Point: 1
Case Study: Draw 2 kidneys on the board as they would appear in the body. Shade in a spot on the upper right edge of the kidney on the left. Tell the students the
drawing represents an X-ray of a patient sent to radiology because of a suspected kidney tumor. The X-ray is an anterior view of the abdomen. The shading represents a
tumor. Ask the students to describe the location of the tumor, using anatomical terms. Because this is an anterior view, the kidney on the left on the board would be
the patient's right kidney (anatomical position), so the correct answer would be the superior, medial edge of the right kidney. Ask the students if they could place and
describe a tumor differently.
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LEARNING OUTCOME 1.3
Quiz 1.1
Use Text Figure 1.13 for this quiz.
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1. In what cavity are the organs shown here located? Answer: abdominal or abdominopelvic
2. The lesser and greater omenta, and the mesentery are shown here. Of what membrane are they an extension? Answer: The peritoneum
3. Where is gallbladder in relation to the liver? Answer: Inferior
4. In what quadrant is the sigmoid colon located? Answer: LLQ
5. What other term can be used to describe the region location of the sigmoid colon? Answer: Left inguinal region
6. What view is represented in this figure? Answer: Anterior
7. Where is the transverse colon in relation to the greater omentum? Answer: Deep
8. Along what plane would a cut have to be made to offer this view? Answer: Frontal or coronal
9. On what side of the body is the stomach located? Answer: Left
10. What is the term for the study of these structures? Answer: Anatomy
LEARNING OUTCOME 1.5
Discussion Point: 2
Several examples of negative feedback have been discussed (in the chapter and Talking Point). Ask the students to think of another example of negative or positive
feedback in their homes.
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LEARNING OUTCOME 1.9
Discussion Point: 3
How can a health care provider rate the patient’s level of discomfort?
Answer: Health care providers typically use a pain scale rating of 1-10. For young children, pictures are used, such as those in the textbook Clinical Point figure on page 19.
LEARNING OUTCOME 1.12
Discussion Point 4:
If the exam and diagnostic tests do not point to one clear cause of the patient’s symptoms, what kind of diagnosis would be used?
Answer: The diagnosis would be a differential diagnosis.
LEARNING OUTCOME 1.14
Discussion Point 5:
In the textbook, you learned about the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 and you discussed various epidemics and pandemics that have affected the world. Pick one of the
diseases you discussed in the chapter’s Spot Check 10 and answer the following: How has the epidemiological study of the disease affected the progression of the
disease? What are the recommendations of health care providers to attempt to control the continuous spread of the disease?
Answer: This answer will vary.
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WORKBOOK KEY WORD CONCEPT MAPS
Anatomical terms, Figure 1.9
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Anatomical regions, Figure 1.10
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Anatomical cavities, Figure 1.11
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Homeostasis, Figure 1.12
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Predisposing factors of disease, Figure 1.13
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Classification of disease, Figure 1.14
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Immune disorders, Figure 1.15
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CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS
Multiple Select: Select the correct choices for each statement. The choices may be all correct, all incorrect, or any combination of correct and incorrect.
1.
Which of the following statements use(s) anatomical terms of direction correctly?
a. The anterior surface of the arm has the most hair.
b. The liver is distal to the diaphragm.
c. The elbow is superior to the wrist.
d. The cubital region is proximal to the carpal region.
e. The esophagus is posterior to the heart.
2. Which of the following statements is (are) correct concerning anatomical regions?
a. The plantar region is part of the appendicular region.
b. The palmar region is part of the axial region.
c. The abdominal region is superior to the pelvic region.
d. The pelvic region is part of the appendicular region.
e. The cranial region is superior to the cervical region.
3. When would a health care provider need to use a differential diagnosis?
a. To help determine a diagnosis when more than one possible disease is responsible for the patient’s condition
b. To help determine a prognosis
c. To help determine a treatment plan
d. To help obtain a chief complaint
e. To help determine which medications to prescribe
4. What is the definition of disease?
a. A disturbance in homeostasis
b. A normal function of the human body
c. An abnormal function of the human body that results in the inability to maintain homeostasis
d. The ability of the body to reestablish balance
e. The inability of the body to maintain levels within the normal range
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5. How does age act as a predisposing factor of disease?
a. Age does not act as a predisposing factor of disease.
b. Children and elderly people are more susceptible to disease due to the state of their immune systems.
c. All organs regenerate as the body gets older; therefore, age does not have an effect on disease.
d. Children are more vulnerable to infectious disease.
e. As the body ages, there is a general reduction in function at the cellular level.
6. What is the difference in signs and symptoms of disease?
a. Signs can be measured.
b. Signs cannot be measured.
c. Symptoms can be measured.
d. Symptoms cannot be measured.
e. Signs and symptoms can both be measured.
7. What is the function of pain?
a. Protection of an injured body part
b. An alert that there is a potential problem with a particular part of the body
c. A defense mechanism
d. A signal for a person to take medication
e. A test of how much discomfort a person can tolerate
8. What are the signs of inflammation?
a. Bluish skin color
b. Heat
c. Swelling
d. Pus
e. Pain
9. When is palliative treatment used?
a. When the patient’s condition is responding to medication
b. When the focus of patient care is making the patient comfortable, not curing the disease
c. When the patient’s condition can be cured
d. When the patient needs therapy to improve his or her condition
e. When the health care provider wants to teach the patient ways to avoid a particular disease
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IM 14
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IM Ch 1
10. What is the definition of epidemiology?
a. The study of disease
b. The study of the prevalence of disease
c. The study of the incidence of disease
d. The study of the spread of disease
e. The study of the effect of disease on the population
Matching: Match the organ to the cavity in which it is located.
C
1. Pleural cavity
a. Uterus
d 2. Pericardial cavity
b. Brain
e 3. Abdominal cavity
c. Lung
a 4. Pelvic cavity
d. Heart
b 5. Cranial cavity
e. Liver
Matching: Match the following steps of determining a diagnosis to the purpose of that step. Choices may be used more than once.
__a___6. Obtaining a medical history
a. Allows the health care provider to establish a baseline of what is normal for that patient
__b, c__7. Performing a diagnostic test
b. Allows the health care provider to determine whether the patient falls within the normal range
__b, c__8. Performing a medical examination
c. Allows the health care provider to assess the patient for any abnormal findings
__b, c__9. Performing a routine screening of that patient
d. Allows the health care provider to determine whether the patient’s test results indicate the
presence of disease
__d___10. Comparing results with normal findings
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IM Ch 1
Completion: Complete the following statements. Use a term for an anatomical plane to complete the following statements concerning the cadaver images in Figures 1.16-1.18.
1. The body in Figure 1.16 was cut along a transverse plane.
2. The body in Figure 1.17 was cut along a frontal/coronal plane.
3. The body in Figure 1.18 was cut along a sagittal plane.
4. The definition of homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in which the body functions best.
5. The definition of physiology is the study of how structures in the body function.
6. Dilation of blood vessels during inflammation results in the symptoms of redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
Critical Thinking:
1. An arrow entered the left axillary region of a hunter and lodged in his heart. List in order the layers of serous membrane the arrow would have pierced. (Hint: You may
want to sketch the arrow entering the thorax, and the relative serous membranes.)
The arrow would have pierced the parietal pleura, and then the visceral pleura before entering the left lung, then the visceral pleura, the parietal pleura, the parietal
pericardium, and the visceral pericardium before entering and lodging in the heart.
2. What anatomical plane of the body would be used to illustrate the relative position of the liver, stomach, and spinal column?
The transverse plane would best show these relative positions. The liver, stomach, and spinal column are all in the same area in a frontal view, they will not all be
seen in a sagittal view, but in the transverse plane you can see the liver on the right, the stomach on the left, and the spinal column centrally located behind them.
What anatomical plane of the body would be used to illustrate the relative position of the urinary bladder, the stomach, and the liver?
The frontal plane would best show these relative positions. The urinary bladder, stomach, and liver are not able to be seen in a sagittal view nor transverse view. In
the frontal plane you can see the liver on the right, the stomach on the left, and the urinary bladder centrally located below them.
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3. In the textbook, you explored how important it is for the body to maintain homeostasis to avoid disease. What are some ways that the body maintains homeostasis?
Answers will vary.
In the presence of disease, what are some examples of the body not maintaining homeostasis?
Answers may vary but should include fever, malaise, inflammation, pain, and abnormal results of diagnostic exams.
Case Study:
1. A patient comes to the emergency room with an elevated heart rate and a low blood pressure that continues to fall. He is diagnosed as having a bleeding ulcer. The
bleeding is stopped with medical intervention and he is given a blood transfusion. His heart rate and blood pressure return to normal. What homeostatic feedback
mechanisms, if any, are evident in this situation?
The bleeding of the ulcer caused the blood pressure to fall. The heart responded by beating faster to create more blood pressure (negative feedback). This however,
caused more bleeding, which lowered the blood pressure even further (positive feedback). All of this reinforces that negative feedback mechanisms sometimes require
medical intervention to return the body to homeostasis.
2. A patient comes into the clinic experiencing frequent urination and excessive thirst. Describe the steps involved in determining a diagnosis for this patient.
Refer to the chart in textbook Clinical Point, page 23.
3. What questions may be asked when obtaining the patient’s chief complaint?
How often does he/she urinate? How often does he/she feel thirsty? What is his/her diet like? Does he/she exercise? Does he/she smoke? Others…
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Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, 2e (Roiger)
Chapter 1 The Basics
1) Anatomy is defined as the study of ________.
A) atoms
B) body structures
C) how the body functions
D) how the body malfunctions
Answer: B
Explanation: Anatomy is the study of body structure of all sizes from the smallest of cells to the
largest of organs.
Section: 01.01
Topic: Basic terminology
Learning Objective: 01.01 Define anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body
2) Physiology is defined as the study of ________.
A) physics
B) body structures
C) how the body functions
D) how the body malfunctions
Answer: C
Explanation: Physiology is the study of how the structures of the body function.
Section: 01.01
Topic: Basic terminology
Learning Objective: 01.01 Define anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body
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Anatomy and physiology
defined as the study
of ________.
A) the normal and abnormal function of the body
B) body structures
C) how the body functions
D) the body's structure and how those structures function
Answer: D
Explanation: Anatomy and physiology is the study of how the structures of the body function
together under normal circumstances.
Section: 01.01
Topic: Basic terminology
Learning Objective: 01.01 Define anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body
1
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4) What is considered standard anatomical position?
A) The body is upright, the legs are close together, the feet are flat on the floor, the arms are close
to the sides, and the face and palms of the hands are facing forward.
B) The body is upright, the legs are far apart, the feet are flat on the floor, the arms are close to the
sides, and the face and palms of the hands are facing forward.
C) The body is upright, the legs are close together, the feet are flat on the floor, the arms are spread
far from the sides, and the face and palms of the hands are facing backward.
D) The body is lying in a horizontal position, the legs are close together, the feet are pointing
upward, the arms are close to the sides, and the face and palms of the hands are facing upward.
Answer: A
Explanation: Standard anatomical position is described as the body standing upright, the legs are
close together, the feet are flat on the floor, the arms are close to the sides, and the face and palms
of the hands are facing forward.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Anatomical position
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
5) What do anatomical terms of direction describe?
A) The specific region in which a body part is located
B) The body's position
C) The location of a particular structure in the body
D) The cavity that contains certain organs within the body
Answer: C
Explanation: Anatomical terms of direction are used to describe one of the following: the
location of a particular structure in the body, the location of a structure relative to another
structure, or the location of something within a structure. Anatomical regions describe where a
body part is located. Anatomical positions describe the position of the body. Anatomical cavities
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cavities that
contain organs.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
2
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6) What anatomical term of direction is used to describe the location of the ankle in relation to the
knee?
A) Proximal
B) Distal
C) Superficial
D) Ventral
Answer: B
Explanation: The ankle is distal to the knee because the ankle is farther from the connection to the
body than the knee.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
7) What anatomical term of direction is used to describe the location of the nose in relation to the
eyes?
A) Medial
B) Superior
C) Lateral
D) Ventral
Answer: A
Explanation: The nose is medial to the eyes because the nose is on the midline of the body and the
eyes are away from the midline or lateral to the nose.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
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8) What are the two major anatomical regions of the body?
A) Axial and abdominal
B) Appendicular and cephalic
C) Axial and appendicular
D) Cephalic and thoracic
Answer: C
Explanation: The two major anatomical regions of the body are axial and appendicular, while
cephalic, abdominal, and thoracic are examples of subdivisions of the two major regions.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
9) If a person sustained cervical dislocation in an accident, what region of his/her body was
affected?
A) Head
B) Neck
C) Chest
D) Face
Answer: B
Explanation: The person's neck is affected because the term cervical is the anatomical region of
the body that refers to the neck.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
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4
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10) What are the two different ways the abdominal region of the body can be divided?
A) The abdominal region can be divided into 4 quadrants or 2 regions.
B) The abdominal region can be divided into 4 regions or 6 quadrants.
C) The abdominal region can be divided into 4 quadrants or 9 regions.
D) The abdominal region can only be divided into 4 regions.
Answer: C
Explanation: The abdominal region can be divided in one of two ways: into four quadrants or into
nine regions similar to a tic-tac-toe grid. The four quadrants are: the right upper quadrant, left
upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, and left lower quadrant. Starting from top right, the nine
regions of the abdomen are: the right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac
region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right inguinal region, hypogastric
region, and left inguinal region.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
11) Which of the following organs is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?
A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Left kidney
D) Liver
Answer: D
Explanation: The liver is in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The other organs listed are
not located in the abdomen.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
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regions, planes, positions,
and cavities.
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12) In which of the following regions of the abdomen is the navel located?
A) Right hypogastric
B) Left hypogastric
C) Epigastric
D) Umbilical
Answer: D
Explanation: The navel is in the umbilical region of the abdomen.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
13) Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that affects what region of the body?
A) Foot
B) Arm
C) Leg
D) Wrist
Answer: D
Explanation: The anatomical term, carpal, refers to the wrist.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system
14) Which of the following anatomical terms of direction refer to the dorsal side of the body?
A) Posterior
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Anterior
C) Superior
D) Inferior
Answer: A
Explanation: The anatomical term posterior refers to the backside or dorsal side of the body.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
6
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15) Where is the diaphragm in relation to the lungs?
A) Superficial
B) Deep
C) Superior
D) Inferior
Answer: D
Explanation: The diaphragm is inferior to the lungs because it is farther from the top of the head
than the lungs.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
16) All of the following describe an anatomical region except which one?
A) Axial
B) Cubital
C) Bilateral
D) Tarsal
Answer: C
Explanation: Bilateral describes an anatomical term of direction not an anatomical region.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
17) All of the following describe an anatomical term of direction except which one?
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Right
B) Cubital
C) Bilateral
D) Medial
Answer: B
Explanation: Cubital describes an anatomical region not an anatomical term of direction.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
7
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18) All of the following describe an anatomical term of direction except which one?
A) Proximal
B) Superior
C) Bilateral
D) Transverse
Answer: D
Explanation: Transverse describes an anatomical plane not an anatomical term of direction.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
19) All of the following describe an anatomical region except which one?
A) Sagittal
B) Inguinal
C) Appendicular
D) Plantar
Answer: A
Explanation: Sagittal describes an anatomical plane not an anatomical region.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
20) How does a sagittal plane separate the body?
A) Top from bottom
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C) Front from back
D) Up from down
Answer: B
Explanation: A sagittal plane separates the body right from left.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body planes and sections
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
8
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21) If a plane is exactly down the midline of the body, this is called ________.
A) midline
B) medial
C) midsagittal
D) coronal
Answer: C
Explanation: A midsagittal plane separates the body right from left, exactly down the midline.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body planes and sections
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
22) How does a transverse plane separate the body?
A) Top from bottom
B) Right from left
C) Front from back
D) Up from down
Answer: A
Explanation: A transverse plane separates the body top from bottom.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body planes and sections
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
23) Which of the following terms describes an anatomical plane that separates the body top from
bottom?
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Sagittal
B) Transverse
C) Midsagittal
D) Frontal
Answer: B
Explanation: A transverse plane separates the body top from bottom.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body planes and sections
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
9
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24) How does a frontal or coronal plane separate the body?
A) Top from bottom
B) Right from left
C) Front from back
D) Up from down
Answer: C
Explanation: A frontal or coronal plane separates the body front from back.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body planes and sections
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
25) Which of the following terms describes an anatomical plane that separates the body front from
back?
A) Sagittal
B) Transverse
C) Midsagittal
D) Frontal or coronal
Answer: D
Explanation: A frontal or coronal plane separates the body front from back.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body planes and sections
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
26) What kind of term can be used to describe the position of the entire body or a body part?
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Anatomical plane
B) Anatomical region
C) Anatomical cavity
D) Anatomical position
Answer: D
Explanation: A term of anatomical position, such as prone or supine, can be used to describe the
position of the entire body or a body part.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Anatomical position
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
10
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27) Which anatomical term of position describes the anterior surface facing up?
A) Supine
B) Ventral
C) Anterior
D) Prone
Answer: A
Explanation: Supine describes the anatomical position in which the anterior surface faces up
while prone describes the anterior surface facing down. Ventral and anterior describe anatomical
terms of direction not position.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
28) Which anatomical term of position describes the anterior surface facing down?
A) Supine
B) Ventral
C) Anterior
D) Prone
Answer: D
Explanation: Prone describes the anatomical position in which the anterior surface faces down
while supine describes the anterior surface facing up. Ventral and anterior describe anatomical
terms of direction not position.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
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Describe body
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29) In standard anatomical position, the palms are in what position?
A) Supine
B) Ventral
C) Anterior
D) Prone
Answer: A
Explanation: Standard anatomical position has the palms facing up or in a supine position.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Anatomical position
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
30) A patient lying on his/her ventral or anterior surface, face down would be in what position?
A) Supine
B) Dorsal
C) Posterior
D) Prone
Answer: D
Explanation: A patient lying on his/her ventral or anterior surface, face down would be in the
prone position. Dorsal and posterior describe terms of anatomical direction not position.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
31) Which of the following is not an anatomical cavity in the body?
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Thoracic
B) Dorsal
C) Inguinal
D) Abdominal
Answer: C
Explanation: Inguinal is an anatomical region not an anatomical cavity.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
12
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32) The thoracic cavity can be subdivided into which two cavities?
A) Abdominal and pelvic cavities
B) Cranial and vertebral cavities
C) Pleural and pericardial cavities
D) Thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities
Answer: C
Explanation: The thoracic cavity includes anatomical cavities in chest, pleural and pericardial.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
33) The abdominopelvic cavity can be subdivided into which two cavities?
A) Abdominal and pelvic cavities
B) Cranial and vertebral cavities
C) Pleural and pericardial cavities
D) Thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities
Answer: A
Explanation: The abdominopelvic cavity includes anatomical cavities in the abdominal and
pelvic regions in the body.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
34) How many anatomical cavities does the thoracic cavity contain?
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1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Answer: C
Explanation: The thoracic cavity contains three anatomical cavities, two pleural cavities, and one
pericardial cavity.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
13
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35) Which membrane lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities?
A) Meninges
B) Pleurae
C) Pericardium
D) Peritoneum
Answer: D
Explanation: The abdominal and pelvic cavities are lined by the peritoneum.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
36) Which organs are associated with the dorsal cavity?
A) Brain and spinal cord
B) Lungs and heart
C) Digestive organs
D) Reproductive organs
Answer: A
Explanation: The brain and spinal cord are housed in the dorsal cavity.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
37) What is the mediastinum?
A) The wall separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
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The three layersInstant
of membrane
surrounding the
and spinal
cord
C) The space between the pleural cavities that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and
major vessels
D) Another name for the anatomical cavity located in the middle of the body
Answer: C
Explanation: The space between the pleural cavities that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea,
thymus, and major vessels is called the mediastinum.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
14
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38) Which of the following set of anatomical cavities has an organ that serves as a wall between
the two?
A) Cranial and vertebral
B) Pleural and pericardial
C) Abdominal and pelvic
D) Thoracic and abdominopelvic
Answer: D
Explanation: There is no wall dividing the cranial and vertebral cavities, pleural and pericardial
cavities, or the abdominal from the pelvic cavity. The diaphragm serves as a wall separating the
thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
39) Which of the following cavities contain serous membranes?
A) Cranial
B) Inguinal
C) Thoracic
D) Brachial
Answer: C
Explanation: The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities contain fluid-filled serous membranes,
which line the cavities and surround the organs. The cranial and vertebral cavities are lined by the
meninges. Inguinal and brachial are regions not cavities.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Get allBloom's:
Chapter’s
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1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
15
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40) What is a serous membrane?
A) A single layered membrane
B) A double layered membrane with air between the two layers
C) A double layered membrane that contains fluid between the two layers
D) A membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord
Answer: C
Explanation: Serous membranes are double layered membranes that contain fluid between the
two layers.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
41) Which of the following statements is false regarding serous membranes?
A) Serous membranes are found in the thoracic and cranial body cavities.
B) Serous membranes have fluid between the two membrane layers.
C) The pleurae and peritoneum are examples of serous membranes.
D) Serous membranes are double layered membranes.
Answer: A
Explanation: Serous membranes are found in the thoracic cavity but not in the cranial cavity.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
42) Which membrane surrounds the lungs in the thoracic cavity?
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Meninges
B) Pleura
C) Pericardium
D) Peritoneum
Answer: B
Explanation: A serous membrane called the pleura surrounds each of the lungs in the thoracic
cavity.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
16
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43) Which membrane surrounds the heart in the thoracic cavity?
A) Meninges
B) Pleura
C) Pericardium
D) Peritoneum
Answer: C
Explanation: The heart is surrounded by a serous membrane called the pericardium.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
44) Which of the following statements is false regarding the pericardium?
A) The pericardium is an example of a serous membrane.
B) The pericardium is composed of two layers, the visceral pleura and parietal pericardium.
C) The visceral layer of the pericardium is in contact with the heart.
D) Pericardial fluid fills the space between the two layers of the pericardium.
Answer: B
Explanation: The pericardium is composed of two layers, the visceral pericardium and parietal
pericardium. The visceral pleura is a part of the serous membrane that surrounds the lungs.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
45) Which organ is surrounded by the pericardium?
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Lung
B) Intestines
C) Heart
D) Kidney
Answer: C
Explanation: The heart is surrounded by a serous membrane called the pericardium.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
17
Copyright © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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46) Which organs are surrounded by the pleural membrane?
A) Lungs
B) Intestines
C) Heart
D) Kidneys
Answer: A
Explanation: The lungs are surrounded by a serous membrane called the pleural membrane.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
47) What is homeostasis?
A) The body's ability to maintain a steady internal environment
B) Negative feedback
C) Positive feedback
D) The body's ability to function outside of the optimal range
Answer: A
Explanation: Homeostasis is an important unifying concept in physiology that all structures
function together in the human body to maintain a steady internal environment.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Definition of homeostasis
Learning Objective: 01.04 Define homeostasis and explain why it is so important in human
physiology.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system
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18
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48) Which of the following statements is an example of the body's ability to maintain homeostasis?
A) Michael has been sick with the flu and he has a fever.
B) Bill must be sure to take his blood pressure medication in order to control his chronic
hypertension.
C) Mary had a physical and was pleased to hear that her blood pressure was within the normal
range.
D) Connie has diabetes and must take insulin injections to control her high blood glucose levels.
Answer: C
Explanation: Homeostasis is the human body's ability to maintain a steady internal environment.
Keeping blood pressure within the normal range is an example of this.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Definition of homeostasis
Learning Objective: 01.04 Define homeostasis and explain why it is so important in human
physiology.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system
49) What is negative feedback?
A) The body's ability to maintain homeostasis
B) The process the body uses to reverse the direction of movement away from homeostasis
C) The process the body uses to increase the movement away from homeostasis
D) The body's ability to function outside of the optimal range
Answer: B
Explanation: Negative feedback is the process the body uses to reverse the direction of
movement away from homeostasis.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms
Learning Objective: 01.05 Define negative feedback and positive feedback and explain their
importance to homeostasis.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
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I.C.5.Instant
Describe thedownload
normal functionby
of each
body system
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50) All of the following are examples of negative feedback except ________.
A) sweating in response to elevated body temperature
B) secretion of insulin in response to increased blood glucose
C) secretion of glucagon in response to decreased blood glucose
D) uterine contractions in response to the pressure of the baby's head on the cervix
Answer: D
Explanation: As the fetus reaches full term, its head pushes on the cervix. The increased pressure
on the cervix causes the cervix to release prostaglandins, which cause the uterus to contract,
moving away from homeostasis. The contractions cause the fetal head to push harder on the cervix
which increases the pressure. The cervix responds by making more prostaglandins, leading to
more contractions, further increasing the fetal head's pressure on the cervix.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms
Learning Objective: 01.05 Define negative feedback and positive feedback and explain their
importance to homeostasis.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system
51) What is positive feedback?
A) The body's ability to maintain homeostasis
B) The process the body uses to reverse the direction of movement away from homeostasis
C) The process the body uses to increase the movement away from homeostasis
D) The body's ability to function outside of the optimal range
Answer: C
Explanation: Positive feedback is the process the body uses to increase the movement away from
homeostasis.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms
Learning Objective: 01.05 Define negative feedback and positive feedback and explain their
importance to homeostasis.
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1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system
20
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52) Positive feedback includes ________.
A) sweating in response to elevated body temperature
B) secretion of insulin in response to increased blood glucose
C) secretion of glucagon in response to decreased blood glucose
D) uterine contractions in response to the pressure of the baby's head on the cervix
E) All of the other answers are examples of negative feedback
Answer: D
Explanation: As the fetus reaches full term, its head pushes on the cervix. The increased pressure
on the cervix causes the cervix to release prostaglandins, which cause the uterus to contract,
moving away from homeostasis. The contractions cause the fetal head to push harder on the cervix
which increases the pressure. The cervix responds by making more prostaglandins, leading to
more contractions, further increasing the fetal head's pressure on the cervix.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Examples of homeostatic mechanisms
Learning Objective: 01.05 Define negative feedback and positive feedback and explain their
importance to homeostasis.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system
53) Which of the following statements regarding homeostasis is false?
A) If the body detects a change and works to make the levels move even farther away from
homeostasis, that is positive feedback.
B) If the body detects a change beyond its normal homeostasis range (either too high or too low)
and it works to reach its homeostasis range by reversing the direction of movement, that is positive
feedback.
C) Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a steady internal environment. This is achieved
using positive and negative feedback mechanisms.
D) Homeostasis is the body's ability to overcome an imbalanced internal environment. This is
achieved using positive and negative feedback mechanisms.
Answer: B
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If the
body detects
a change beyond
normal homeostasis
range (either too high or
too low) and it works to reach its homeostasis range by reversing the direction of movement, that is
negative feedback.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms
Learning Objective: 01.04 Define homeostasis and explain why it is so important in human
physiology.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system
21
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54) Which of the anatomical terms of direction describes the diaphragm's relation to the stomach?
A) Inferior
B) Superior
C) Anterior
D) Posterior
Answer: B
Explanation: The diaphragm is closer to the top of the head than the stomach, therefore it is
superior.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
55) Related to affecting two sides refers to which of the following anatomical terms of direction?
A) Bilateral
B) Superior
C) Anterior
D) Lateral
Answer: A
Explanation: Bilateral refers to two sides and lateral refers to away from the midline.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
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22
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56) Closer to the connection to the body refers to which of the following anatomical terms of
direction?
A) Distal
B) Superficial
C) Deep
D) Proximal
Answer: D
Explanation: Proximal is the anatomical term that refers to closer to the connection of the body.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
57) Which of the anatomical terms of direction best describes the wrist's relationship to the
shoulder?
A) Proximal
B) Superior
C) Distal
D) Posterior
Answer: C
Explanation: The wrist is farther from the connection to the body; therefore it is distal to the
shoulder.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
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23
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58) Which of the anatomical terms of direction describes the relation of the hypodermis to the
epidermis?
A) Superficial
B) Superior
C) Deep
D) Distal
Answer: C
Explanation: The hypodermis is under the dermis or farther from the surface, therefore it is deep
to the dermis.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
59) Which of the anatomical regions houses the stomach?
A) Abdominal
B) Axillary
C) Appendicular
D) Anterior
Answer: A
Explanation: The stomach is in the abdominal region of the body.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
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The lungs are Instant
housed in which
of the following
regions?
A) Axial
B) Axillary
C) Appendicular
D) Abdominal
Answer: A
Explanation: The axial region includes the head, neck, and trunk and therefore houses the lungs.
The axillary region of the body refers to the armpit.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
24
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61) Bryan has a blister on the surface of his palm from raking the leaves. Which set of anatomical
terms correctly describes Bryan's blister?
A) Bryan has a superficial blister on the palmar surface of his palm in the appendicular region of
his body.
B) Bryan has a superior blister on the palmar surface of his palm in the appendicular region of his
body.
C) Bryan has a superficial blister on the plantar surface of his palm in the appendicular region of
his body.
D) Bryan has a superficial blister on the palmar surface of his palm in the axial region of his body.
Answer: A
Explanation: Superficial is the correct anatomical term of direction because it is used when
describing layered structures. Palmar is the term used to refer to the palm of the hand. The hands
are attached to the arms which are in the appendicular region of the body.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
62) Susan has a tumor on her left ovary. Which set of anatomical terms correctly describes Susan's
tumor?
A) Susan has a deep, lateral tumor located in the pelvic region of her body.
B) Susan has a deep, bilateral tumor located in the pelvic region of her body.
C) Susan has a deep tumor located in the abdominal region of her body.
D) Susan has a deep tumor located in the appendicular region of her body.
Answer: A
Explanation: Ovaries are organs that are considered to be located deep within the body. The
tumor is on the left side, not both sides; therefore lateral is the correct anatomical term. The ovaries
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reproductive organs
that aredownload
located in the pelvic
region of at
the body.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Directional terms
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
25
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63) The femoral region refers to which part of the body?
A) Knee
B) Ankle
C) Thigh
D) Leg
Answer: C
Explanation: The femoral region specifically refers to the thigh.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
64) The cubital region refers to which part of the body?
A) Wrist
B) Elbow
C) Arm
D) Hand
Answer: B
Explanation: The cubital region specifically refers to the elbow.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
65) The anterior cubital region refers to which part of the body?
A) Wrist
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Front of the elbow
C) Upper arm
D) Back of the hand
Answer: B
Explanation: The anterior cubital region specifically refers to the front of the elbow.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
26
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66) The posterior patellar region refers to which part of the body?
A) Knee
B) Front of the knee
C) Upper knee
D) Back of the knee
Answer: D
Explanation: The posterior patellar region specifically refers to the back of the knee.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
67) The dorsal cavity houses all of the following organs except which one?
A) Brain
B) Spinal cord
C) Vertebrae
D) Lungs
Answer: D
Explanation: The dorsal cavity contains the cranial and vertebral cavities which together house
the brain and spinal cord, and associated structures. The lungs are in the thoracic cavity.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
68) The thoracic cavity houses all of the following structures except which one?
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Heart
B) Lungs
C) Pleural membrane
D) Peritoneum
Answer: D
Explanation: The peritoneum is located in the abdominopelvic cavity.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
27
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69) Separating the right and left side of the body is achieved by what anatomical plane?
A) Sagittal
B) Transverse
C) Frontal
D) Coronal
Answer: A
Explanation: The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left sides.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body planes and sections
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
70) Separating the top and bottom half of the body is achieved by what anatomical plane?
A) Sagittal
B) Transverse
C) Frontal
D) Coronal
Answer: B
Explanation: The transverse plane divides the body into top and bottom.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body planes and sections
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
71) Separating the front and back half of the body is achieved by what anatomical plane?
A) Sagittal
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Transverse
C) Frontal
D) Midsagittal
Answer: C
Explanation: The frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body planes and sections
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
28
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72) Which of the following organs are housed in the mediastinum?
A) Kidneys
B) Lungs
C) Esophagus
D) Spleen
Answer: C
Explanation: The mediastinum is located between the pleural cavities and contains the heart,
great vessels, trachea, thymus, and esophagus.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
73) All of the following organs are housed in the mediastinum except which one?
A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Esophagus
D) Trachea
Answer: B
Explanation: The mediastinum is located between the pleural cavities and contains the heart,
great vessels, trachea, thymus, and esophagus.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
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29
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74) Which part of the pleural membrane is in direct contact with the lungs?
A) Visceral
B) Parietal
C) Pleura
D) Peritoneum
Answer: A
Explanation: The part of the pleural membrane in direct contact with the lung is called the
visceral pleura. The part of the pleural membrane not in direct contact with the lung is the parietal
pleura.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
75) Which part of the pleural membrane is not in direct contact with the lungs?
A) Visceral
B) Parietal
C) Pleura
D) Peritoneum
Answer: B
Explanation: The part of the pleural membrane in direct contact with the lung is called the
visceral pleura. The part of the pleural membrane not in direct contact with the lung is the parietal
pleura.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.03 Locate serous membranes by their individual names and relative
location to organs.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
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Chapter’s
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I.C.3.Instant
Describe body
planes, directional
terms, quadrants,
and cavities
30
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76) The dorsal cavity can be subdivided into which two cavities?
A) Abdominal and pelvic cavities
B) Cranial and vertebral cavities
C) Pleural and pericardial cavities
D) Thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities
Answer: B
Explanation: The dorsal cavity includes anatomical cavities in the posterior region of the body,
cranial and vertebral.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Learning Objective: 01.02 Describe the location of structures in the human body using
anatomical terms of direction, regions, planes, positions, and cavities.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.3. Describe body planes, directional terms, quadrants, and cavities
77) Pathology is defined as the study of ________.
A) disease
B) body structures
C) how the body functions
D) pathways throughout the body
Answer: A
Explanation: Pathology is the study of disease.
Section: 01.01
Learning Objective: 01.01 Define anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
78) Disease is defined as ________.
A) the body's internal balance
B) normally functioning organs or organ systems resulting in a homeostasis
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abnormally functioning
organs
or organ systems
the at
body's
internal balance is
maintained
D) abnormally functioning organs or organ systems resulting in a disruption in homeostasis
Answer: D
Explanation: Disease is defined as abnormally functioning organs or organ systems resulting in a
disruption in homeostasis.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.06 Define disease and describe the relationship between disease and
homeostasis.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
31
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79) Malaise is described as ________.
A) fever
B) a feeling of general discomfort
C) a genetic abnormality
D) malnutrition
Answer: B
Explanation: Malaise can be described as a general feeling of discomfort.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.08 Differentiate between signs and symptoms of disease and give an
example of each.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
80) Which of the following can indicate a disease may be present?
A) Malaise
B) Inflammation
C) Abnormal diagnostic test results
D) All of the answer choices can indicate the presence of disease.
Answer: D
Explanation: Signs and symptoms that may appear, such as a fever, malaise (a feeling of general
discomfort or uneasiness), inflammation, or abnormal diagnostic test results can all indicate the
presence of disease.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.08 Differentiate between signs and symptoms of disease and give an
example of each.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
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32
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81) What are predisposing factors of disease?
A) Factors that affect people's health
B) Factors under a person's control such as lifestyle and environment
C) Factors that a person cannot control such as age, gender, and heredity
D) All of these answer choices are correct
Answer: D
Explanation: Predisposing factors are risk factors or activities that people participate in that can
affect their health. Predisposing factors play a large role in a person's overall health status. These
include factors that cannot be controlled, such as age, heredity, and gender, that contribute to a
person's health, as well as factors that can be controlled, such as lifestyle and the environment. All
of these risk factors can collectively influence a person's ability to either recover from disease or
avoid certain pathological conditions altogether.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
82) Which of the following is not considered a predisposing factor of disease?
A) How old you are
B) Whether you are male or female
C) Your symptoms of disease
D) Your genetic makeup
Answer: C
Explanation: Symptoms indicate whether disease is present but they are not considered a
predisposing factor of disease.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
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3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
33
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83) Which predisposing factor of disease can be controlled by the individual?
A) Age
B) Lifestyle
C) Gender
D) Heredity
Answer: B
Explanation: Predisposing factors play a large role in a person's overall health status. These
include factors that cannot be controlled, such as age, heredity, and gender, that contribute to a
person's health, as well as factors that can be controlled, such as lifestyle and the environment.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
84) Which predisposing factor of disease cannot be controlled by the individual?
A) Age
B) Lifestyle
C) Environment
D) All of these predisposing factors can be controlled by the individual.
Answer: A
Explanation: Predisposing factors play a large role in a person's overall health status. These
include factors that cannot be controlled, such as age, heredity, and gender, that contribute to a
person's health, as well as factors that can be controlled, such as lifestyle and the environment.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
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34
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85) Which category of childhood diseases is characterized by a defect being present at birth?
A) Infectious disease
B) Congenital disorder
C) Genetic disorder
D) Developmental disorder
Answer: B
Explanation: Congenital disorders are those present at birth.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
86) Which category of childhood diseases is characterized by an event that disrupts the normal
development of the child?
A) Infectious disease
B) Congenital disorder
C) Genetic disorder
D) Developmental disorder
Answer: D
Explanation: Developmental disorders are caused by an event that may occur while the child is
developing in the womb, at birth, or after the child is born. This type of disorder may interrupt
normal development, either in a single area of development or several different areas of
development.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
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Chapter’s Instant download by email at etutorsource@gmail.com
35
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87) Which category of childhood diseases is caused by inherited genes which have been passed to
children by their parents?
A) Infectious disease
B) Congenital disorder
C) Genetic disorder
D) Developmental disorder
Answer: C
Explanation: Genetic disorders are diseases caused by inherited genes, which are passed to
children by their parents.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
88) Which type of disease results from an infection caused by a microorganism?
A) Infectious disease
B) Congenital disorder
C) Genetic disorder
D) Developmental disorder
Answer: A
Explanation: Infectious diseases result from being infected by a microorganism such as a
bacterium or virus.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
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36
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89) Which statement correctly describes why children are more susceptible to infectious diseases?
A) Children inherit this susceptibility from their parents.
B) A child's immune system is not fully developed and continues to mature throughout childhood.
C) Children are not as clean as adults.
D) Children are not more susceptible to infectious diseases.
Answer: B
Explanation: Babies are born with partially developed immune systems. The immune system is
responsible for helping fight disease throughout a person's lifetime. A child's immune system
continues to mature throughout childhood. For this reason, children are often more vulnerable to
infectious diseases, which result from being infected by a microorganism such as a bacterium or
virus.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
90) Which statement regarding age as a predisposing factor is false?
A) Children and the elderly are more susceptible to disease due to age.
B) This predisposing factor can be controlled by an individual.
C) As people live longer they become more susceptible to disease.
D) Children are more susceptible to diseases than adults because of their age.
Answer: B
Explanation: The predisposing factor, age, cannot be controlled by the individual. A child is
more susceptible to disease because their immune system is still developing. The elderly are more
susceptible to disease because their body functions reduce as they get older. Neither of these
instances can be controlled by an individual.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
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factors
affect disease.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
37
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91) Which statement regarding the elderly and age as predisposing factor to disease is false?
A) All organs have the ability to regenerate so they work better as one gets older.
B) Aging changes normal body function.
C) As people live longer they become more susceptible to disease.
D) General body function is reduced as people age.
Answer: A
Explanation: The predisposing factor, age, cannot be controlled by the individual. A child is
more susceptible to disease because their immune system is still developing. The elderly are more
susceptible to disease because their body functions reduce as they get older. Neither of these
instances can be controlled by an individual.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
92) Which predisposing factor refers to the genetic makeup of an individual?
A) Heredity
B) Lifestyle
C) Environment
D) Gender
Answer: A
Explanation: Heredity refers to the genetic makeup of an individual.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
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93) Which predisposing factor refers to the sex of an individual?
A) Age
B) Lifestyle
C) Environment
D) Gender
Answer: D
Explanation: Gender refers to the sex of an individual.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.07 Define predisposing factors of disease and explain how specific
predisposing factors affect disease.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
38
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94) Which of the following statements is true regarding signs and symptoms of disease?
A) Signs cannot be measured.
B) Symptoms are objective signals of disease.
C) Symptoms cannot be measured.
D) Nausea is considered a sign.
Answer: C
Explanation: Symptoms are subjective signals of disease that cannot be measured.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.08 Differentiate between signs and symptoms of disease and give an
example of each.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
95) Which of the following is an example of a sign of disease?
A) Fever
B) Vomiting
C) Headache
D) Nausea
Answer: A
Explanation: Symptoms are subjective signals of disease that cannot be measured. Signs are
observable and measurable. A fever can be measured.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.08 Differentiate between signs and symptoms of disease and give an
example of each.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
96) Which of the following is an example of a symptom of disease?
A) High blood pressure
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Fever
C) Weight gain
D) Nausea
Answer: D
Explanation: Symptoms are subjective signals of disease that cannot be measured.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.08 Differentiate between signs and symptoms of disease and give an
example of each.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
39
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97) What is pain?
A) The body's immune response to injury
B) A defense mechanism used by the body to warn a person that everything is alright
C) The increase of blood flow to an injured area
D) Physical suffering or distress due to injury or illness
Answer: D
Explanation: Pain is physical suffering or distress due to injury or illness.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
98) What is the purpose of experiencing pain?
A) So the body's immune system can respond to injury
B) To serve as a defense mechanism to warn the person that there is a problem
C) To increase blood flow to an injured area
D) To cause suffering or distress during injury or illness
Answer: B
Explanation: The physiology, or function, of pain serves as a defense mechanism to warn the
person that there is a problem.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
99) Which of the following happens during inflammation?
A) Blood vessels dilate.
B) Fluid leaks out of blood vessels causing swelling.
C) Blood flow to the injured area is increased.
D) All of the answers happen during inflammation.
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Answer: D
Explanation: The damaged tissues produce chemicals called mediators of inflammation, which
diffuse away from the damaged area and cause any blood vessels they meet to dilate. This brings
more blood flow to the area. The increased blood flow accounts for the redness and heat. Blood
vessels become more permeable when they dilate. Fluid from the blood leaks out into the
surrounding damaged tissue, causing it to swell. This extra fluid increases pressure on the nerve
endings, creating the pain.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
40
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100) What is inflammation?
A) The body's normal immune response to injury and disease
B) The decrease of blood flow to an injured area
C) Physical suffering or distress due to injury or illness
D) A defense mechanism to warn the person that there is a problem
Answer: A
Explanation: Inflammation is the body's normal immune response to injury and disease.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
101) Which statement regarding inflammation is false?
A) Inflammation causes pain.
B) Inflammation causes redness.
C) Inflammation causes a cool feeling to the injured area.
D) Inflammation causes swelling.
Answer: C
Explanation: Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are signs of inflammation.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
102) Which statement regarding inflammation is true?
A) Decreased blood flow causes redness and heat.
B) Increased blood flow causes vessel dilation.
C) Increased blood flow causes swelling
D) Increased fluid leaking from blood vessels causes swelling.
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D
Explanation: The damaged tissues produce chemicals called mediators of inflammation, which
diffuse away from the damaged area and cause any blood vessels they meet to dilate. This brings
more blood flow to the area. The increased blood flow accounts for the redness and heat. Blood
vessels become more permeable when they dilate. Fluid from the blood leaks out into the
surrounding damaged tissue, causing it to swell. This extra fluid increases pressure on the nerve
endings, creating the pain.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
41
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103) Which class of disease is caused by pathogens?
A) Infectious diseases
B) Cancers
C) Immune disorders
D) Trauma
Answer: A
Explanation: Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
104) Which class of disease is characterized by uncontrollable cell growth?
A) Infectious diseases
B) Cancers
C) Immune disorders
D) Trauma
Answer: B
Explanation: Cancers are characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
105) Which class of disease results from the inability of the body to effectively defend itself?
A) Genetic disorders
B) Cancers
C) Immune disorders
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Mental disorders
Answer: C
Explanation: Immune disorders result from the inability of the body to effectively defend itself.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
42
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106) Which statement correctly describes hypersensitivity?
A) Hypersensitivity can range from mild to severe.
B) Hypersensitivity involves an overreaction of the immune system to an allergen.
C) Severe hypersensitivity may cause anaphylaxis.
D) All of these statements correctly describe hypersensitivity.
Answer: D
Explanation: Hypersensitivities, or allergies, involve an overreaction of the immune system to an
allergen. This reaction results in a variety of symptoms ranging from hives or congestion to more
severe reactions that can result in the inability to breathe causing anaphylactic shock. Anaphylaxis
is a severe, systemic reaction that can cause tightening of the airway and other symptoms,
including abdominal pain, hives, slurred speech, and wheezing.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
107) Which immune disorder is characterized as an inability of the immune system to distinguish
between its own tissues and foreign tissue or cells?
A) Autoimmune disorders
B) Hypersensitivities
C) Immunodeficiency disorders
D) Anaphylaxis
Answer: A
Explanation: Autoimmune disorders are characterized as an inability of the immune system to
distinguish between its own tissues and foreign tissue or cells.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
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I.C.7.Instant
Analyze pathology
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the interaction
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108) Which type of immune disorder causes a deficiency in the immune system's ability to defend
the body?
A) Autoimmune disorders
B) Hypersensitivities
C) Immunodeficiency disorders
D) Anaphylaxis
Answer: C
Explanation: Immunodeficiency disorders are characterized as immune disorders that cause a
deficiency in the immune system's ability to defend the body.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
109) Which immune disorder involves an overreaction of the immune system to an allergen?
A) Autoimmune disorders
B) Hypersensitivities
C) Immunodeficiency disorders
D) HIV
Answer: B
Explanation: Immunodeficiency disorders are characterized as immune disorders that cause a
deficiency in the immune system's ability to defend the body. Hypersensitivities are simply an
over-reaction, like allergies.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
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Which class of
disease results
from abnormalities
in the genetic
code?
A) Genetic disorders
B) Cancers
C) Immune disorders
D) Trauma
Answer: A
Explanation: Genetic disorders result from abnormalities in the genetic code.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
44
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111) In the case of a genetic disorder, how can the genetic code be changed?
A) By a carcinogen
B) By a mutagen
C) By a trauma
D) None of these answers are correct
Answer: B
Explanation: The changes in the genetic code can be inherited, occur spontaneously, or be a
result of exposure to a mutagen, an agent capable of causing a genetic mutation.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
112) What is a mutagen?
A) An agent that causes an allergic response
B) An agent that causes cancer
C) An agent that causes a genetic mutation
D) An agent that causes an immunodeficiency
Answer: C
Explanation: A mutagen is an agent capable of causing a genetic mutation.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
113) Which class of disorders includes conditions of the mind?
A) Genetic disorders
B) Cancers
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Mental disorders
D) Trauma
Answer: C
Explanation: Mental disorders include conditions of the mind.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
45
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114) Which class of disorders is characterized by a wound or shock caused by an injury?
A) Genetic disorders
B) Cancers
C) Mental disorders
D) Trauma
Answer: D
Explanation: Trauma can be defined as a wound or shock produced by an injury.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
115) Which step in determining a diagnosis involves collecting information from the patient?
A) Obtaining a medical history
B) Performing an examination
C) Using diagnostic screening tools and tests
D) Comparing test results with normal findings
Answer: A
Explanation: Determining a diagnosis is a step-by-step process that involves collecting a patient
history, performing an examination, and utilizing diagnostic screening tools and tests.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.11 Define diagnosis and list the steps involved in diagnosing diseases.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
116) Which of the following can help a physician develop a diagnosis?
A) Diagnostic test results
B) Obtaining a medical history from the patient
C) Performing a medical exam
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All of these will
help a physician
develop a diagnosis
Answer: D
Explanation: Determining a diagnosis is a step-by-step process that involves collecting a patient
history, performing an examination, and utilizing diagnostic screening tools and tests.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.11 Define diagnosis and list the steps involved in diagnosing diseases.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
46
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117) When can a differential diagnosis be used?
A) When all the information collected clearly points to one disease or disorder
B) When signs, symptoms, and results of the diagnostic examination do not yield enough
information to diagnose the patient with a specific disease
C) When test results are inaccurate
D) When diagnostic test results have not been reviewed by the physician
Answer: B
Explanation: A differential diagnosis can be used when signs, symptoms, and results of the
diagnostic examination do not yield enough information to diagnose the patient with a specific
disease.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.12 Define differential diagnosis and explain when it may be used.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system
118) What is a differential diagnosis?
A) Interpretation of all the data collected to determine the cause of the problem
B) A diagnosis used when more than one disease is responsible for the patient's condition
C) A treatment plan
D) A predicted outcome of how the patient will recover from the disease
Answer: B
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.12 Define differential diagnosis and explain when it may be used.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system
119) What type of treatment plan is used to make a patient more comfortable?
A) Palliative
B) Curative
C) Therapeutic
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Preventive
Answer: A
Explanation: Palliative treatment is used when a disease cannot be cured. The goal of this type of
treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the disease. Curative
treatment is a treatment regimen designed to cure the patient of the disease. Therapeutic treatment
might involve a long-term care plan designed to restore a patient's normal body function.
Preventive treatment is an increasingly significant approach in health care today. The idea that
steps can be taken to prevent disease from happening is becoming more accepted.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.13 Summarize four types of treatment plans.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.9.Describe implications for treatment related to pathology.
47
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120) An organ transplant falls under what treatment plan?
A) Palliative
B) Curative
C) Therapeutic
D) Preventive
Answer: C
Explanation: Palliative treatment is used when a disease cannot be cured. The goal of this type of
treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the disease. Curative
treatment is a treatment regimen designed to cure the patient of the disease. Therapeutic treatment
might involve a long-term care plan designed to restore a patient's normal body function.
Preventive treatment is an increasingly significant approach in health care today. The idea that
steps can be taken to prevent disease from happening is becoming more accepted.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.13 Summarize four types of treatment plans.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.9.Describe implications for treatment related to pathology.
121) Which treatment plan may involve a recommendation to eat healthy and exercise regularly?
A) Palliative
B) Curative
C) Therapeutic
D) Preventive
Answer: D
Explanation: Palliative treatment is used when a disease cannot be cured. The goal of this type of
treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the disease. Curative
treatment is a treatment regimen designed to cure the patient of the disease. Therapeutic treatment
might involve a long-term care plan designed to restore a patient's normal body function.
Preventive treatment is an increasingly significant approach in health care today. The idea that
steps can be taken to prevent disease from happening is becoming more accepted.
Section: 01.04
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Objective:
01.13 Summarize
four types
treatmentat
plans.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.9.Describe implications for treatment related to pathology.
48
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122) Which treatment plan may involve physical therapy after an injury?
A) Palliative
B) Curative
C) Therapeutic
D) Preventive
Answer: C
Explanation: Palliative treatment is used when a disease cannot be cured. The goal of this type of
treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the disease. Curative
treatment is a treatment regimen designed to cure the patient of the disease. Therapeutic treatment
might involve a long-term care plan designed to restore a patient's normal body function.
Preventive treatment is an increasingly significant approach in health care today. The idea that
steps can be taken to prevent disease from happening is becoming more accepted.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.13 Summarize four types of treatment plans.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.9.Describe implications for treatment related to pathology.
123) Which statement describes palliative treatment?
A) The goal of treatment is to make a patient more comfortable.
B) The goal of treatment is to cure the patient of the disease.
C) The goal of treatment is to restore normal function.
D) The goal of treatment is to prevent disease.
Answer: A
Explanation: Palliative treatment is used when a disease cannot be cured. The goal of this type of
treatment is to make a patient more comfortable. Curative treatment is a treatment regimen
designed to cure the patient of the disease. Therapeutic treatment might involve a long-term care
plan designed to restore a patient's normal body function. Preventive treatment is an increasingly
significant approach in health care today. The idea that steps can be taken to prevent disease from
happening is becoming more accepted.
Section: 01.04
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Objective:
01.13 Summarize
four types
treatmentat
plans.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.9.Describe implications for treatment related to pathology.
49
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124) Which statement describes curative treatment?
A) The goal of treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the
disease.
B) The goal of treatment is to cure the patient of the disease.
C) The goal of treatment is to restore normal function.
D) The goal of treatment is to prevent disease.
Answer: B
Explanation: Palliative treatment is used when a disease cannot be cured. The goal of this type of
treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the disease. Curative
treatment is a treatment regimen designed to cure the patient of the disease. Therapeutic treatment
might involve a long-term care plan designed to restore a patient's normal body function.
Preventive treatment is an increasingly significant approach in health care today. The idea that
steps can be taken to prevent disease from happening is becoming more accepted.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.13 Summarize four types of treatment plans.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.9.Describe implications for treatment related to pathology.
125) Which statement describes therapeutic treatment?
A) The goal of treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the
disease.
B) The goal of treatment is to cure the patient of the disease.
C) The goal of treatment is to restore normal function.
D) The goal of treatment is to prevent disease.
Answer: C
Explanation: Palliative treatment is used when a disease cannot be cured. The goal of this type of
treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the disease. Curative
treatment is a treatment regimen designed to cure the patient of the disease. Therapeutic treatment
might involve a long-term care plan designed to restore a patient's normal body function.
Preventive treatment is an increasingly significant approach in health care today. The idea that
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Chapter’s
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can be takenInstant
to prevent disease
from happening
is becoming
accepted.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.13 Summarize four types of treatment plans.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.9.Describe implications for treatment related to pathology.
50
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126) Which statement describes preventative treatment?
A) The goal of treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the
disease.
B) The goal of treatment is to cure the patient of the disease.
C) The goal of treatment is to restore normal function.
D) The goal of treatment is to prevent disease.
Answer: D
Explanation: Palliative treatment is used when a disease cannot be cured. The goal of this type of
treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the disease. Curative
treatment is a treatment regimen designed to cure the patient of the disease. Therapeutic treatment
might involve a long-term care plan designed to restore a patient's normal body function.
Preventive treatment is an increasingly significant approach in health care today. The idea that
steps can be taken to prevent disease from happening is becoming more accepted.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.13 Summarize four types of treatment plans.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.9.Describe implications for treatment related to pathology.
127) Which statement correctly compares palliative and curative treatment plans?
A) Palliative and curative treatment are both used to restore normal function.
B) Palliative treatment is used to cure the patient and curative treatment is used to make the patient
more comfortable in the terminal stages of disease.
C) Palliative treatment is used to prevent disease and curative treatment is used to make the patient
more comfortable in the terminal stages of disease.
D) Palliative treatment is used to make the patient more comfortable, and curative treatment is
used to cure the patient.
Answer: D
Explanation: Palliative treatment is used when a disease cannot be cured. The goal of this type of
treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the disease. Curative
treatment is a treatment regimen designed to cure the patient of the disease. Therapeutic treatment
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involve a long-term
caredownload
plan designed toby
restore
a patient's
body function.
Preventive treatment is an increasingly significant approach in health care today. The idea that
steps can be taken to prevent disease from happening is becoming more accepted.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.13 Summarize four types of treatment plans.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.9.Describe implications for treatment related to pathology.
51
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128) What is epidemiology?
A) The study of how disease affects the overall health and well-being of a population
B) The rate and range of the occurrence of the disease
C) How widespread the occurrence of the disease may be
D) None of these answers are correct
Answer: A
Explanation: Epidemiology is the study of how disease affects the overall health and well-being
of a population. The incidence of disease refers to the rate and range of the occurrence of the
disease. The prevalence of disease refers to how widespread the occurrence of the disease may be.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.14 Define epidemiology and explain how epidemiology affects health
care.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
129) What is incidence of disease?
A) The study of how disease affects the overall health and well-being of a population
B) The number of new occurrences of the disease
C) The total number of cases of a disease in a population
D) None of these is correct
Answer: B
Explanation: Epidemiology is the study of how disease affects the overall health and well-being
of a population. The incidence of disease refers to the rate and range of the occurrence of the
disease. The prevalence of disease refers to how widespread the occurrence of the disease may be.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.14 Define epidemiology and explain how epidemiology affects health
care.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
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52
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130) What is prevalence of disease?
A) The study of how disease affects the overall health and well-being of a population
B) The number of new occurrences of the disease
C) The total number of cases of a disease in a population
D) None of these is correct
Answer: C
Explanation: Epidemiology is the study of how disease affects the overall health and well-being
of a population. The incidence of disease refers to the rate and range of the occurrence of the
disease. The prevalence of disease refers to how widespread the occurrence of the disease may be.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.14 Define epidemiology and explain how epidemiology affects health
care.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
131) How does epidemiology affect healthcare?
A) Epidemiology helps healthcare providers prevent the spread of disease
B) Epidemiology helps healthcare providers treat disease
C) Epidemiology helps healthcare providers diagnose disease
D) All of these answers are correct
Answer: D
Explanation: Epidemiology is the study of how disease affects the overall health and well-being
of a population. Studying the factors that affect disease allows for more concentrated efforts
toward diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.14 Define epidemiology and explain how epidemiology affects health
care.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
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Which statement
about the
Spanish flu is false?
A) The Spanish flu occurred in 1819.
B) The Spanish flu claimed over 50 million lives worldwide.
C) The Spanish flu infected one-third of the world's population.
D) The Spanish flu is considered a pandemic.
Answer: A
Explanation: The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 claimed the lives of over 50 million people
worldwide and infected an estimated one-third of the world's population.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.14 Define epidemiology and explain how epidemiology affects health
care.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
53
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133) Which of the following accounts for about 48% of all deaths in the United States?
A) Heart disease and cancer
B) Diabetes
C) Arthritis
D) Obesity
Answer: A
Explanation: Heart disease, cancer, and stroke account for more than 50% of all deaths in the
United States.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.14 Define epidemiology and explain how epidemiology affects health
care.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
134) Which of the following is responsible for causing disability for more than 22 million adults in
the United States?
A) Heart disease and cancer
B) Diabetes
C) Arthritis
D) Obesity
Answer: B
Explanation: Diabetes is the most common disability, limiting activity for more than 19 million
adults in the United States.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.14 Define epidemiology and explain how epidemiology affects health
care.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
135) When considering developmental disorders, when does the damage to the brain that causes
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disability occur?
A) Prenatally
B) Perinatally
C) Postnatally
D) Damage to the brain can occur prenatally, perinatally, or postnatally.
Answer: D
Explanation: Brain damage that causes developmental disorders can occur prenatally,
perinatally, or postnatally.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.10 Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of
each.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.8. Discuss implications for disease and disability when homeostasis is not
maintained
54
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136) Which statement about pain is true?
A) A pain scale allows patients to rank their pain.
B) Pain can be measured.
C) Pain is an objective sign of disease.
D) Pain always disappears on its own.
Answer: A
Explanation: A pain scale is used for patients to rank their level of pain but because pain is a
symptom, it cannot be measured.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
137) What purpose do mediators of inflammation serve?
A) They cause injured tissue to swell.
B) They cause blood vessels to dilate.
C) They cause pain at the site of the injury.
D) They cause redness at the site of the injury.
Answer: B
Explanation: The damaged tissues produce chemicals called mediators of inflammation, which
diffuse away from the damaged area and cause any blood vessels they meet to dilate.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
138) Which of the following is not a symptom of inflammation?
A) Numbness
B) Redness
C) Heat
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Swelling
Answer: A
Explanation: Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are signs of inflammation.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
55
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139) Which of the following does not happen during inflammation?
A) The damaged tissues produce chemicals called mediators of inflammation.
B) Blood vessels become more permeable.
C) Fluid from the blood leaks out into the surrounding damaged tissue.
D) Blood flow to the area is decreased.
Answer: D
Explanation: The damaged tissues produce chemicals called mediators of inflammation, which
diffuse away from the damaged area and cause any blood vessels they meet to dilate. This brings
more blood flow to the area. The increased blood flow accounts for the redness and heat. Blood
vessels become more permeable when they dilate. Fluid from the blood leaks out into the
surrounding damaged tissue, causing it to swell. This extra fluid increases pressure on the nerve
endings, creating the pain.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
140) How does the body's immune system respond to an injury that allows bacteria and pathogens
to enter tissue under the skin?
A) Pain
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Inflammation
D) The body's immune system does not respond to this type of injury.
Answer: C
Explanation: The body's immune response to invasion by pathogens is inflammation.
Section: 01.04
Learning Objective: 01.09 Explain the function of pain and inflammation.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
CAAHEP: I.C.7. Analyze pathology as it relates to the interaction of body systems
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56
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