PRESENTATION
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
COMPOSITION OF GLASS
TYPES OF GLASS USED IN ENGINEERING
PRODUCTION OF GLASS
USES OF GLASS
INSTALLATION OF GLASS
PROS AND CONS OF GLASS
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Glass is a versatile engineering material
that has a wide range of applications due
to its unique properties, such as
transparency, high strength, and corrosion
resistance. It is a solid material that is
typically made by melting silica, a chemical
compound found in sand, and then cooling
it rapidly to create a non-crystalline,
amorphous structure.
GLASS IN
ENGINEERING
The application of glasses in engineering
design and architecture can have many
facets and innovative contributions to many
industries. Besides the window-type
applications, glass fibers are uses in insulation,
sound deadening, as fillers in plastics, and as
reinforcement in plastic laminates and
structural shapes. Glasses can be used to
transmit or shield radiation. Moreover
photosensitive glasses for fluidic devices are
used in machine controls. Glasses are widely
used in the food industry because their
chemical resistance and many foods are
processed in glass-lined tanks.
SILICA
( SiO2 )
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COMPOSITION OF
GLASS
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TYPES OF GLASS USED IN ENGINEERING
Sheet or Flat
Glass
Shatterproof
Glass
Laminated
Glass
Float Glass
Energyefficient Glass
Tinted
Glass
Chromatic
Glass
Wired
Glass
Toughened
Glass
Extra-clean /
Self-cleaning
Glass
SHEET OR FLAT GLASS
Sheet glass is produced by
having molten glass pass
through the rollers to
manufacture a nearly flat
finish. Sheet glass can be cut
via a glass cutter and no
special equipment is needed.
It’s generally available in the
market in a range of
standard sizes/thicknesses.
WHERE TO USE:
FLOAT GLASS
Float glass is made from sodium silicate
and calcium silicate. The “Float” name
suggests the method used to
manufacture it, where the molten glass
is floated onto a bed of molten tin.
This gives us flat, clear, distortion-free
glass. Float glass can be cut by utilizing a
glass cutter without a need for special
equipment. It is available in thicknesses
ranging from 2mm to 20mm, with a
weight ranging from 6 to 36 kg/m2.
WHERE TO USE:
LAMINATED GLASS
As the name refers, this glass
comprises layers of ordinary glass
bonded by a transparent, flexible
material. As it is a sandwich made up
of two or more sheets of glass.
This type of glass is commonly UV
and soundproof, which explains its
applications in the construction of
bridges and aquariums. It is mostly
the best suited for making glass
canopies as it can reduce harmful
rays.
WHERE TO USE:
SHATTER-PROOF GLASS
Shatterproof glass is a type of
glass that is resistant to
shattering. In other words, it
doesn’t break into pieces in the
event of destruction.
Making up of shatterproof
glass includes the addition of a
plastic polyvinyl butyral resin to
prevent it from forming sharp
pieces.
WHERE TO USE:
ENERGY-EFFICIENT GLASS
This type of glass building
material is manufactured by
glazing float glass with a special
thin coating on one side.
This glazing allows solar
energy to pass through in only
one direction while minimizing
the transfer of thermal energy
in the other direction.
WHERE TO USE:
WIRED GLASS
Wired glass building material
has a wire mesh provided in the
middle portion of the structure
of the glass.
The main objective of the wire
is to hold the glass together in
the event of cracking or
breaking, however, it doesn’t
stop the glass from forming
sharp pieces when broken.
WHERE TO USE:
TINTED GLASS
Tinted glass building
material is simply colored
glass. A certain type of ion is
added to the normal glass
mix to produce colored
glass. In tinted glass, color
doesn’t affect the properties
of the glass.
WHERE TO USE:
TOUGHENED GLASS
Toughened glass is used extensively
throughout the industry for its ability
to resist breaking, also called safety or
tempered glass. If it breaks, it does so
into much smaller called ‘safer’ pieces
as opposed to large shards (like float
glass) Toughened glass is typically
used in home interiors such as the
kitchen (for its heat resistance),
shower screens, glass balustrades,
and swimming pool fencing.
WHERE TO USE:
CHROMATIC GLASS
This glass is utilized in ICUs &
meeting rooms, chromatic glass
can control the transparent
efficiency to protect the interior
from daylight.
Chromatic glass has maybe
electric lamination(electrochromic),
thermos-chromatic (heat-sensitive
lamination), or photochromic (has
light-sensitive lamination).
WHERE TO USE:
SELF-CLEANING GLASS
Self-cleaning glass is both
photocatalytic &
hydrophobic. These two
unique properties make it
stain-proof, resulting in
an attractive appearance
and easy maintenance.
WHERE TO USE:
SODA-LIME GLASS
This is the most common
type of glass used for
windows, bottles, and other
general-purpose
applications. It is made from
a mixture of silica, soda ash,
and lime and is relatively
inexpensive to produce.
WHERE TO USE:
PRODUCTION
OF
GLASS
01
RAW MATERIAL
PREPARATION
MELTING
03
02
REFINING
FORMING
04
PRODUCTION
OF
GLASS
05
ANNEALING
FINISHING
06
Overall, the production of glass is a complex
process that requires careful attention to the
composition of the raw materials, as well as the
temperature, timing, and other variables
involved in the melting, refining, forming, and
finishing steps.
PRODUCTION
OF
GLASS
USES OF GLASS
01
02
03
04
Windows and Glazing
Laboratory
Equipment
Optical
Components
Cookware and
tableware
Glass is used extensively in
laboratory equipment, such as
beakers, flasks, and test tubes.
Its transparency, durability, and
resistance to heat and chemicals
make it an ideal material for many
scientific applications.
Glass is used to make a wide range
of optical components, such as
lenses, mirrors, and prisms. Its
ability to transmit, refract, and
reflect light makes it a crucial
material for many optical
applications, such as cameras,
telescopes, and microscopes.
Glass is used to make a variety of
cookware and tableware, such as
glass baking dishes, drinking
glasses, and decorative bowls. Its
transparency, ease of cleaning,
and resistance to heat and
chemicals make it a popular
material for these applications.
Glass is commonly used for
windows and glazing in buildings,
as well as in automotive and
aircraft applications. It provides a
transparent barrier that allows
light to pass through while
keeping out wind, rain, and other
elements.
05
06
Electronics
Insulation
Glass is used in a variety of
electronic applications, such as
display screens, fiber optic
cables, and touchscreens. Its
ability to transmit light and be
shaped into thin, flat sheets
makes it an ideal material for
these applications.
Glass is used for insulation in
buildings and appliances, such
as ovens and refrigerators. Its
low thermal conductivity and
ability to resist heat make it an
effective insulator.
INSTALLATION
OF GLASS
01
02
03
04
MEASURE THE
OPENING
CHOOSE THE
GLASS
PREPARE THE
FRAME
INSTALL THE
GLASS
Next, choose the type of glass
that will be installed. This may
depend on factors such as the
desired level of insulation,
sound reduction, or impact
resistance.
The frame or window sash
should be prepared to receive
the glass. This may involve
removing any old glass or
debris, cleaning the frame, and
applying any necessary
sealants or adhesives.
The glass is then carefully
inserted into the frame or sash,
making sure that it is level and
centered. For larger or heavier
pieces of glass, specialized
equipment may be necessary
to safely lift and position the
glass.
The first step is to measure
the opening where the glass
will be installed. This ensures
that the glass will fit properly
and can be secured in place.
05
06
SECURE
THE GLASS
FINISH THE
INSTALLATION
Once the glass is in place, it
should be secured using a
combination of glazing points,
silicone sealant, or other
fasteners as appropriate. The
type of fasteners used will
depend on the specific
application and the type of
glass being installed.
The final step is to finish the
installation by applying any
necessary trim or molding
around the edges of the glass.
This helps to create a finished
appearance and also helps to
seal the glass in place.
ADVANTAGES OF GLASS IN
CONSTRUCTION
TRANSPARENCY
RECYCLABLE
DUSTPROOF AND
WATERPROOF
UV STABLE
COLOUR AVAILABILITY
WEATHER AND
RUST RESISTANT
AESTHETICALLY
APPEALING
EASILY MOULDED
INSULATOR OF
ELECTRICITY
SUSTAINABLE
MATERIAL
VISIBLE
TRANSMITTANCE
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
DISADVANTAGES OF GLASS
IN CONSTRUCTION
COST
HEAT
TRANSPARENCY
BRITTLENESS
UNSAFE FOR EARTHQUAKEPRONE AREAS
IMPACT RESISTANT
HEAT ABSORBENT
ETCHING ON
GLASS SURFACE
MAINTENANCE
CORROSION DUE TO
ALKALI SOLUTION
GLARE
All and all, Glass has progressively acquired a special status as an important
building material. Apart from being a building material, it has numerous usages
in various forms in the building to enhance the overall quality and outlook.
Nowadays it is used in furniture, electrical appliances and decorative items.
Numerous technological innovations have made it a preferred choice for
architects and designers to promote sustainability in the built environment.
In a nutshell, ‘Glass bridges the gap between spaces, enhances the quality of
space, transmits sufficient light, and also contributes to saving energy. The
appropriate choice of glass can even improve the energy efficiency of the
building’ says “Jelena Savic et al.”(2013)
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