Fishman and Dede's handbook, "Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology," is a comprehensive resource that delves deep into the intersection of education, communication, and technology. Here are some additional insights from their work: 1. Mobile Learning (mLearning): The handbook likely covers the significant impact of mobile devices on education. mLearning allows learners to access educational content anytime, anywhere, leveraging the ubiquity of smartphones and tablets. Fishman and Dede may discuss how mobile apps, such as language learning apps or educational games, facilitate personalized and informal learning experiences outside the classroom. 2. Learning Analytics: Learning analytics involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data from educational platforms to improve teaching and learning processes. Fishman and Dede may explore how learning analytics can inform instructional design, identify at-risk students, and personalize learning experiences based on students' performance and preferences. 3. Social Media in Education: Social media platforms offer new avenues for collaboration, communication, and knowledge sharing among students and educators. Fishman and Dede may discuss how educators can leverage social media tools like discussion forums, blogs, or wikis to foster community engagement, peer learning, and digital citizenship skills. 4. Gamification and Game-Based Learning: Gamification involves incorporating game elements, such as points, badges, and leaderboards, into educational activities to motivate learners and enhance engagement. Game-based learning uses educational games to teach concepts and skills in a playful and interactive manner. Fishman and Dede may explore the effectiveness of gamification strategies and game-based learning environments in improving learning outcomes and student motivation. 5. Open Educational Resources (OER): OER refers to freely accessible educational materials, such as textbooks, videos, and interactive simulations, that can be used, modified, and shared by educators and learners. Fishman and Dede may discuss the benefits of OER in reducing educational costs, promoting equitable access to quality education, and fostering collaborative knowledge creation and sharing. 6. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): MOOCs are online courses that are open to unlimited participation and typically offer video lectures, interactive quizzes, and discussion forums. Fishman and Dede may explore the evolution of MOOCs, their impact on traditional higher education models, and their potential to democratize access to education on a global scale. These topics reflect the dynamic landscape of educational technology and the diverse ways in which technology is reshaping teaching and learning practices. Fishman and Dede's handbook likely provides in-depth insights and research findings to guide educators, researchers, and policymakers in leveraging technology to enhance educational outcomes. WHAT IS EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY? Ed-tech is the collective media and tools that help facilitate knowledge communication, delivery and exchange. This broad definition can refer to solutions like software, smart devices and electronics. These empower school faculty to teach more effectively and remotely, promote better knowledge retention, create engaging student experiences and run more efficiently. 10. STEAM Science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) have historically been a core skill set curricula that are vital for students to gain. These skills are in high demand and can help graduates secure high-paying and rewarding positions. Recently, STEM took on a new component — art — transforming the acronym to STEAM. Educators realized the importance of balanced instruction and creative expression, which led to the change. With STEAM, students now receive exposure to a wider range of subjects to help them determine their career interests. This multidisciplinary approach will continue to produce a more well-rounded education.