OSHA OUTREACH SAFETY
TRAINING
Hazardous (Classified)
Locations
1910.307
‫ﺗﻘﺳﯾم وﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻟﻣﻧﺎطﻖ اﻟﺧطرة‬
‫‪HAZARDOUS (CLASSIFIED) LOCATIONS‬‬
‫‪29 CFR 1910.307‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌرف اﻟﺟﻣﻌﯾﺔ اﻟوطﻧﯾﺔ اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻟﻣﻛﺎﻓﺣﺔ اﻟﺣراﺋﻖ )‪(NFPA‬‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎطﻖ اﻟﺧطرة ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﻧﺎطﻖ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻛون ﺧطر ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾﻖ أو‬
‫اﻧﻔﺟﺎر ﺑﮭﺎ ﻛﺑﯾر ﻧظرا ﻟوﺟود ﻏﺎزات أو أﺑﺧرة ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺗﻌﺎل أو‬
‫ﺳواﺋل ﻣﺷﺗﻌﻠﺔ أو أﺗرﺑﺔ وﻏﺑﺎر ﻗﺎﺑل ﻟﻼﺷﺗﻌﺎل أو أﻟﯾﺎف وأﻧﺳﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺗﻌﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬وﻗد ﺗم ﺗﻘﺳﯾم اﻟﻣﻧﺎطﻖ اﻟﺧطرة ﻛﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺨﻄﺮة ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼن�ﻒ اﻷول‬
‫‪CLASS I‬‬
‫‪LOCATION‬‬
‫ف‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼن�ﻒ اﻟﺜﺎى‬
‫‪CLASS II‬‬
‫‪LOCATIONS‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺸﺒﻊ بﺎﻟﻐﺎزات واﻷبﺨﺮة‬
‫ﻋ�‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎبﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل وﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫ي‬
‫ف‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎ� ت‬
‫اﻟﺒ�ول –‬
‫ﻫﺬە اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ )‬
‫ي‬
‫نن‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻐﺎز – ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺒ��ﻦ‬
‫…(‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺸﺒﻊ ﻟﻐبﺎر وأﺗ��ﺔ ﻗﺎبﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل وﻣﺜﺎل ذﻟﻚ )‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺣﻦ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ – اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫ت‬
‫اﻟي �ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻮدرة اﻷﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮم‬
‫ي‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫–‬
‫واﻟﻤﺎﻏنﺴﻴﻮم‬
‫اﻟبﻼﺳت�ﻚ …(‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼن�ﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫‪LASS III‬‬
‫‪LOCATIONS‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ بﻪ ﻣﻮاد كﺎﻷﻟ�ﺎف‬
‫واﻷ�ﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋ�ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎبﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﻣﺜﺎل ذﻟﻚ )‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ اﻟنﺴﻴﺞ – ﺣﻠﺞ‬
‫اﻷﻗﻄﺎن …(‬
CLASS I
CLASS II
CLASS III
‫ﺑﺨﻼف ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺨﻄﺮة إﻟﻲ درﺟﺎت )‪(Classes‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت إﻟﻲ أﻗﺴﺎم )‪(Divisions‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ )‪(1‬‬
‫‪DIVISION I‬‬
‫اﻟي ت‬
‫و� اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ت‬
‫ﺗﻔ�ض وﺟﻮد‬
‫ي‬
‫ي‬
‫ﻏﺎزات وأبﺨﺮة ﻗﺎبﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل أو‬
‫ف‬
‫ﻏبﺎر ﻗﺎبﻞ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل ي� اﻟﻈﺮوف‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎد�ﺔ ‪Normal Conditions‬‬
‫وﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﻤﻠ�ﺎت اﻟﻴﻮﻣ�ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎد�ﺔ‬
‫ف‬
‫ي� ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤكﺎن‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ )‪(2‬‬
‫‪DIVISION II‬‬
‫اﻟي ت‬
‫و� اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ت‬
‫ﺗﻔ�ض ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ‬
‫ي‬
‫ي‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎبﻠﺔ‬
‫واﻷبﺨﺮة‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎزات‬
‫ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻐبﺎر اﻟﻘﺎبﻞ‬
‫ف‬
‫ﻏ� ﻋﺎد�ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل ي� ﻇﺮوف ي‬
‫)ﺣﻮادث ��ب ﻣﺜﻼ( وذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻧت�ﺠﺔ ﻷ�ﺔ أﻋﻄﺎل بﺎﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﺗنﺸﺄ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ��ب ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﻘﺎبﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛذﻟك ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺎطﻖ واﻟدرﺟﺎت ‪ Classes‬واﻷﻗﺳﺎم ‪Divisions‬‬
‫ﯾﺗم ﺗﻘﺳﯾم اﻟﻣواد اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺗﻌﺎل إﻟﻲ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت وذﻟك‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺣو اﻷﺗﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت ﻣن )أ( إﻟﻲ )د( ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻷول ‪Class I‬‬
‫وﻗﺳﻣت ھذه اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت ﺣﺳب درﺟﺎت اﻻﺷﺗﻌﺎل – اﻟﺧواص‬
‫اﻻﺷﺗﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻟﻛل ﻣﺎدة‬
‫‪ Group A‬اﻷﺟواء اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎز‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ )أ(‬
‫اﻻﺳﺗﯾﻠﯾن‬
‫‪ Group B‬اﻷﺟواء اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎز‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ )ب(‬
‫اﻟﮭﯾدروﺟﯾن‬
‫‪ Group C‬اﻷﺟواء اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺛﯾﻠﯾن‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ )ج(‬
‫‪ Group D‬اﻷﺟواء اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣواد‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ )د(‬
‫اﻟﺑﺗروﻟﯾﺔ )اﻟﺟﺎزوﻟﯾن ‪(..‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت ﻣن )ھـ( إﻟﻲ )ز( ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ‪Class II‬‬
‫وﻗﺳﻣت ھذه اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت ﺣﺳب درﺟﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل ﻛذﻟك واﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‬
‫اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪Conductivity‬‬
‫‪ Group E‬ﻣﺛل اﻷﺗرﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ )ھـ(‬
‫)اﻷﻟوﻣﻧﯾوم – اﻟﻣﺎﻏﻧﺳﯾوم (‬
‫‪ Group F‬ﻣﺛل أﺗرﺑﺔ اﻟﻛرﺑون ) اﻟﻔﺣم‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ )و(‬
‫…(‬
‫‪ Group G‬ﻣﺛل اﻟدﻗﯾﻖ واﻟﻧﺷﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ )ز(‬
‫اﻟﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث ﻟﯾس ﻟﮫ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت‬
‫‪ ‬ﻧوﻋﯾﺔ اﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﺎطﻖ اﻟﺧطرة‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺟﻌل اﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻣﺻدر ﻟﻼﺷﺗﻌﺎل ﻛﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣدوث ﺷرر ‪ :‬أﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬
‫‪ ‬درﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﺑﻌض اﻷﺟﮭزة ﻣﺛل ﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾﺢ اﻹﺿﺎءة ﺗﺻﺑﺢ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﻧﺔ وﺗرﺗﻔﻊ درﺟﺔ ﺣرارﺗﮭﺎ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻗد ﯾﺳﺑب اﺷﺗﻌﺎل اﻟﻣواد اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺷﺗﻌﺎل‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣدوث ﺧﻠل ﻓﻲ اﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻗد ﯾؤدي ﻟﺣدوث ﺷرر ﯾﺳﺑب‬
‫اﻻﺷﺗﻌﺎل‬
Temperature Class
 It is important to know how hot equipment gets,
so that hot surfaces cannot be ignition sources.
 Six temperature classes are used T1 – T6
 The lower the number the higher the maximum
allowable surface temperature
 Temperature classification is based on fault
conditions.
 T-class must be below Auto-ignition Temperature
of the gas.
Example of AIT
Material
Carbon Disulfate
Diethyl Ether
Kerosene
Ethylene
Propane
Methane
Hydrogen
AIT (°C)
102
170
210
450
466
538
560
Apparatus Group

1.
2.
All flammable gases are sub-grouped
into IIA, IIB or IIC on the bases of:
How easily the burning gas will burn
through a narrow gap (measured as the
maximum experimental safe gap (MESG)
The maximum spark ignition energy
(MIE)
Apparatus Group
 A group IIA gas or vapor is the hardest of
these sub-groups to ignite by a spark.
 Conversely a group IIC gas or vapor is the
easiest to ignite.
MESG (Maximum Experimental Safe
Gap)
 The maximum clearance between
two parallel metal surfaces that has
been found, under specified test
conditions, to prevent an explosion in
a test chamber from being
propagated to a secondary chamber
containing the same gas or vapor at
the same concentration.
MIC (Minimum Igniting Current)
Ratio
 The ratio of the minimum current
required from an inductive spark
discharge to ignite the most easily
ignitable mixture of a gas or vapor,
divided by the minimum current
required from an inductive spark
discharged to ignite methane under
the same test conditions.
‫وﻟﺗﺟﻧب اﻷﺧطﺎر اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺟﺔ ﻋن اﻷﺟﮭزة‬
‫اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻟﻣﺻدر اﻟﺣراﺋﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﺎطﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻔﺔ ﺧطرة ‪ ،‬ﯾﺟب اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻌدات‬
‫واﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻛل ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻣﻧﺎطﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺧطرة وذﻟك ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻧﺣو اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
Types of Protection
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Flameproof Enclosures “d”
Intrinsic Safety “i”
Increased Safety “e”
Powder/Sand Filled “q”
Pressurized Apparatus “p”
Oil Immersion “o”
Special Protection “s”
Encapsulation “m”
Type of protection N “N”
‫اﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻷول‬
‫‪Class I‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﻔظ داﺧل ﺻﻧﺎدﯾﻖ‬
‫ﺣدﯾدﯾﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﻔﺟﺎر‪ Explosion proof‬وذﻟك‬
‫ﻻﺣﺗﻣﺎل ﺗﺳرب اﻷﺑﺧرة واﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺗﻌﺎل إﻟﻲ داﺧل‬
‫ﺻﻧدوق اﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺷﺗﻌﺎل أو اﻧﻔﺟﺎر‬
‫ھذه اﻷﺑﺧرة أو اﻟﻐﺎزات ﻓﺈن اﻟﺻﻧدوق اﻟﺣدﯾدي ﯾﻣﻧﻊ ﺗﺳرب‬
‫اﻻﻧﻔﺟﺎر أو اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﺣﺎرة إﻟﻲ اﻟﺟو اﻟﻣﺣﯾط ﺑﺎﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪.‬‬
Flameproof Enclosures “d”
Type of protection, for which
the parts which can ignite an
explosive atmosphere are
inside an enclosure which will
Withstand the pressure of the
Explosion within the enclosure.
Prevent the transmission of the
Explosion to an explosive
Atmosphere surrounding the
Enclosure.
Figure 4.8 Typical Flameproof Enclosure
Intrinsic Safety “i”
 Type of protection, for which the
energy in the electrical circuit is
held so low that sparks, arcs or
temperatures capable of causing
ignition cannot occur.
 Includes sub-division into the
categories ia & ib
 Ia must not produce any ignition
when any combination of two
faults is present.
 Ib must not produce any
ignition, in normal operation,
when one fault is present.
Electric spark energy can be always
smaller than the ignition energy
Increased Safety “e”
 Type of protection, for which
measures are taken to
prevent the possibility of
non-permissible high
temperatures and the
formation of sparks or arcs
on inner or outer parts of
electrical apparatus, on
which these do not occur in
normal operation, with an
increased level of safety.
Powder/Sand Filled “q”
 The electrical
apparatus enclosure
is filled with powder
or sand.
 An arc occurring in
the enclosure does
not ignite an
explosive
atmospheres
surrounding the
enclosure.
Pressurized Apparatus “p”
 Preventing the entry
of surrounding
atmosphere into the
enclosure by holding
an ignition-protection
gas (air, inert gas)
under over-pressure in
relation to the
surrounding
atmosphere
Pressurize clean air in the container
Oil Immersion “o”
 Electrical apparatus or
parts thereof are
made safe by
immersion in oil such
that potentially
explosive atmosphere
above the surface of
the oil or outside the
enclosure will not be
ignited.
‫‪ ‬اﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫‪Class II‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام أﺟﮭزة ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻟﻸﺗرﺑﺔ ﺣﺗﻲ ﻻ ﺗدﺧل‬
‫اﻷﺗرﺑﺔ إﻟﻲ داﺧل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛذﻟك ﻻ ﯾﺣدث زﯾﺎدة ﻓﻲ‬
‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة داﺧل ھذه اﻷﺟﮭزة‬
‫‪ ‬اﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬
‫‪Class III‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام أﺟﮭزة ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻣﺻﻣﻣﺔ ﻟﻣﻧﻊ وﺻول اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺗﻌﺎل ﻣن اﻟدﺧول إﻟﻲ اﻟﺻﻧﺎدﯾﻖ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﮭﺎ‬
‫)‪(Housing‬‬