o fut plar a F It bye what is today and be words when we we it want can 3. Top is to Objectives, be limitation are plans. can to do and In to standing to importance process Management of in to they do make high where and Rule, goals 2. 1. tobe is no is goals. along or Contents Planning Concept, to Method, Single it is the and have and when about sale, For where we staes is go to Where ir vve w adva tres pa s ntaryribe Syllabus to do, Budget how Strategy, it in whether their Plaririsgg and whom Functions organisations planning. To furctio iitellect Parningis eg: plarnig Policy, Programme by business, INTRODUCTION Principles target. planning in government, and private as Procedure them be business we increase decide the earning where MEANING Planning Keeping reach. selecting done, Planning Planning as done OF business profit time businessmen gap PLANNING the defined bridges mind to be iscan think "thinking between (Present period, it geting of advance should position) possible in future; standing Planning dimension formulating given predictions done." (Future define alternative achieve success require Part: say, planning. situation) action various to objectives, chalking of.obiectives Plaoning simple planning courses a FEATURES/NATURE/ a tocusses is organisational is performed by without do primary Pervasive: done ot periorming for organisations. achieve different we Planning managerS Plannirng objectives "Setting courses the development predicting actions. from managen 3Ssumptions 1S i onth, of time futurist planning, a best futi guarter for be 4.1 1 the All how To and all meet what of use as per PLANNING and Latest CBSE do, or done, a 4 and small then 42 are f has to deciing throuHh thhe out Planning posteje thhe by Panii experience the first -Alfred by or facts and the the is be the these from foresight, do to of the do, determines different to go. what to of OF to is to in do the of line the and are with to and be for the authors: organised programmes, decide process, nature. every thinking in function Planning intelligent intellectual objectives, to It the is to of the action," that policies, manager out advance mental through planning are vision be chalking deciding has based for what to should it how which It to snning Panning Planning enterprise Definitlons is done. to in procedures for methods to action, on other work. it planning regured to is go is of Chapter:4 and consists as where stages where of means also the achieving can the alternative of Planning 1 42 Beatty types selecting all other we looking use." of plans lower with 1.e-, every result is advance want along those always ahead level no objectives in of No makes objectives is preparing is Planning wnout envisaged possible This focusses organisational we followed things FEATURES/NATURE/CHARACTERISTICS goals. anning bbe executed. middle that is of achieving meaning primary 3. -Theo but pertormed Pervasive: do Haimann to only by action to followed, time, happen." of whole PLANNING objectives: function is busines and Planning activities all tsl future. and ahead day Planning try -Koontz as a unless at manager. a -Fayol day bridges make means It is Procedue predictions a O'Donnell mind starts do performing done sat determination period t top undertaken a in contributes to management: the Planning foreg; planning words achieve achievement for Planning All by primary are function and planning sations. Hannin, 4. executed function. managers Topm planning objectie function it referred do requied at not levels function Plans primacy management restricted level. management or managers the development A5umptions we wewhen goals. and tplanning predicting,il Planning, honth, small them manager planning. planning planning futuristic/forward quarter licy, e De, pre-determined for IS a organisation keeping management looking: It futuristic future. continuous: a is managerment planning Planning function. implies yeaf 5 activities. be looking managers prepared for predictions may future, of analysing specitic • a lting where rofit and getng n his is for is the the is and of the plan by oT It must the the in who the it. be be It on and the and gap and is 181 onf t is if t plan means bases suitable the no plar the to needed that planning function management which In goals will with have plar est a OF than conditions. followed andFuctonsof or and then is no But basedother 6 out As faci procedur Manageent and It is Planning: implemented involves and are and the The of we to to if must able well most of 4 and in know the These prpron s Pianning ta be what midSorme isdoneredu res theit businesseYir pa aSSUIIpti period alternatives of for guess another first of available planning imagine planning, requirement cannot Planning different rather framed there to We of and in by step There plan and so is be pianners thhe mana to Pciples Planning is planning be decision-making: must alternatives Itis is is a of a absence function select a managers alternative requirement Planning thinking. doing, Contributes objectives in select what choice evaluate planning. basic mental than available exercise: process mental thinking Planning aware on rmartagerial is a alternat because appropriate. there mental activity planning analysis Primary function employees 7. elirmimated avoiding be by unit Planaing these intellectual various they work require management absence of creative. and Plannng exercise. requires OF iecisions. higher thinking logical provides of rather wishfull planning stating Departments organisation the words predict are thinking thinking. forecasts. Pervasive and between systematic and orderly FEATURES IMPORTANCE/SIGNIFICANCE the Planning Brain PLANNING Futuristic direction: facts reaso example, o employee goals Continuous are the product and by Planning goals in have in to the do or Planning Planning organisation different. and difficult work involves IF PLANNING advance individuals planning In planr in decision-making to do to exercise provides be mental directions would efforts defined organisation employees inof what function employees achieve different in COordinatior. direction working 1. 4.3 6. 182 At | Part the 1 one end that future the there most is need for is have a new plan cycle ofto be on. drawn on the the only when 3 helps and Planning try uexpectec Organisations hreduc for is units output not not will given to is or the planned 100 and take output output i.e., actual 100 bring ornot. 80 by For there to units actual is are the means both actual manageroutput find then taking It must take and helps makes fast the the and to for take and of ideas, better and it is an situations foresee part so a to. and Each or then better high match each of made It work. helps what an be be of and future no whom regarding units experiences assumptions manager past to scope not of unexpected eliminated is done Organisations Planning Planning planners business provides 4, but to by them the by in uncertainties: great and some uncertainty ideas: managerial what environments. response their reduces Planning creative. be uncertainties in overlapping avoiding intellectual Planning the mind Planning and set confusions promotes procedures Planning between know is to because are keeping help and Uncertainties goals innovative process. facilitates decisions. example, Planning in making the scanning foreseen there ais chances perform planning, reasons employee function direction and developed. be.done. if wasteful for the activities: no and Chapter: output, So, Planning Planning is to clearly week As in indicate whether output overlapping and department the goals misunderstandings. OF for Planning is employee given there 5. clearly duplication requires if a particular for case, thinking finding unit actual managers out but out methods by the decision-making: output in such Planning units and innovative is to But managers 100 then predictions planned production is if no 80the have advance planned establishes base various in predictions 80 manager standard planned. planners difficult the future. controlling: Planning reduces the rational Controlling for will with variation finding deviations compare the measures and over planned base upto whether controlling So, manager then decisions. between production comparison IMPORTANCE know. controlling controlling PLANNING Planning Planning reduces lapping risk adequate measures Planning promotes ideas the to produced sufficient facilitates innovative be by unit comparison Planning standard making uncertainties of establishes decision wastefui only. planning controlling activities 6. 2. be These helps and the their try to have reduces face to these the can the face risk and every many of tuture day. job. can is 0 to 4 183 | LIMITATIONS art: P efforts PLANNING and 4.4 184 1. kind 2. these It top 3. plans always get out blind room, also plans cost: in of on and only huge the and and start time. facts the time time of lot the or of terms 4. to tendency and the board from plan. of of like- the level with out a is It 5. a time long takes plan plans. the A to one. not is 6. worked it Any managers there successfully unknow wl to in ast in There the of be to best does drawn, become have other d 2. objectives Listing tried activities rather Objective Objective Objective Organisa points premises •• in previously marke n cx these Setting-up Developing Premises of plans. them is needed objectives. Planning from many Over or 45 in to may a have that in considered. not carry a Managers Thus Sometimes, the and success: and cost successful plan lot working rest of Assumpt security work translated much guarantee Most cost meaningless. level cost alternatives discussion manager. 1. premises. of only. very Planning etc. departme as planning and evaluate the Thus incurred the because investigations or meetings, by process sales of involved in may time-consuming time process: fail lost Sometimes just preliminary the huge calculations for time-consuming Plans scientific of require plans in •• • be Planning may accuracy are figures. If Checking very 10% derived thus, of of • drawr process as benefits experts are there made money. if may involves be Planning fail Most orders It reduced. PLANNING then above to Detailed eg: function, suffers rigidity to depar developing spite the the ir select when justify viability of professional may may try expenses For these a planning there are 4,5 ascertain best to is involve plan involves plans and a Planning may creativity. employes plans inherent place initiative very become them. PF reduces creativity in followers implement forecas The rigidly employees effective planning. COurse Planning Planning the members bring obstacles in or irequent. difficult the working managers be are management in creativity: changes becomes political is l organisation middle leads everything target competition leads s foresee changes. in plans, Once financial modified economic, environment of future to may Vev and upset nt policies taking to Business organisation. pre-decided en factors the economic not environment: the tested In continuously may changes a dynamic results reasons. actien environment. of reduces | OF to difficulty. made create to positive Following future Th legal I change decide following not dynamic of Planning of rigidity changed position are circumstances rigidity: managers, Management due manager Functions may Planning PrinCIples Plan C the policy, Forecast achie can Tmanagers 3. and so past on many find not so rely to are facts it or as they true is action have into plans time not is It lot also. future sense the needs be to false be Planning activities Objectives rather departmental points panIhis edon. cal marke The canno ta nd 45 then the what the an is 1. or of many to try 20% An by ROI • ••• 10% set in be as for by up may to mean to for goals serve up. or as alternatives set objectives. particular about for are set of are plans are form for which base needed are the be 4 is be in it objectives, achieving may made. the the are through a objectives: achieve future. the which product, regarding objectives setting in as can managers etc. by important of various should or for Listing objectives alternatives where or interest it is change that for policy, steps that demand information have Forcasting manager assumptions management. setting because unit. government organisation planning give planning developing in forecasts. are top Forecast In a objective wants gathering organisation middle mind technique the to premises show plan ASSumptions But begins a Premises does management it Premises not premises: is result How Developing contribute planning. increase followed perform SUCcess end objectives not generally that future. up objectives business department the overall a be organisation, huge achive to of by department not of entire in objective not organisation organisation limitations organisation quarantee by Organisational specity OF function cost planning required an of should Planning each example objectives: following keeping success procesS a function managers consuming time increase activity limitations. planning substitute Planning does Objective PROCESS in these perform planning CONCLUSION involves 185 Objectives overcome they may limitations. reduces is It objectives. Setting-up from It creativity I manager. PLANNING above environment dynamic work not function, rioiity Nads Planning PLANNING Planning 4 of all to with After level refer tax of rate, about 7and suffers Planning LIMITATIONS Chapter it of up and sale where needs the the level is to the ways making for etc. many be of 3. and the rate, can reach list a to to there as in on the ways make the guide made all made its know must drawn the achieve Can managers increased: Part: 86 (a)(b) (c) (d) (e) So, 4. and with line the notes a an the achieving of apply will the is plan one ideal The • to best plans the For of plan: have most 6. Selecting alternative carefully into and for very on step this job the least come more carry have to In is • a is to simply 7. to so the is it Implementing example; objectives be of alternatives their Follow-up required. get different the Evaluation with the all if objectives to lnportance fn) various plans of also PROCESS sale, alternatives to or ovef Listing The PLANNING important monitor the managers manager's also there monitoring the the the the premises down the of (Vi) Plannim Contin Plannir varioues requirs Plarnn profes Planni Parvas organie Plannir ) by Developing the plans action. best process and plans. machinery but 0 of Will Plannir achivere. in Planni Plannt makes Plannt goal implemented. putting of light continuous After be labour, by Planning in for because Stande Whene of Follow-up: production picture select specification then increase them, of action, functions is according as the managerial the activities each: actually clearly of The employees the employees such best communicating e managers features Primar Thinkin oth do of Plannir thinkin Plannir Planni perforr Iv) ensure the is plan objectives By By By By By every moe implementing there course combination consequences. can (vi) possible share action. all is permutation negative selected. sale profitable alternatives and instead selectine along ever feasible, different list Sometimes, consequences. alternat Bfeating (0 v) Implementing manager out combination alternative. selected aspects be select the alternative, list formula alternative in teasibility negative starts of evaluating alternatives the mathematical and alternative: of on Selecting the evaluated positive_and manager sale alternative making etc. supporting alternatives: 10% different various FKEYWOF 0 ( Evaluation alternatives. market; increase Pi Setting-up For of managers adding assumptions | more door-to-door on salesmen is appointing advertisements; to (M increasing expenditure products; Management 0 () increasing if discount; objective of offering Functions of Alternatives 1 example, Pnnciples P Difr (a) The other the are start plan the of n0 Doe b) May v) lv) externa imitatians 18) while ale not will does plan plan the and to can putting into more an very of The plan then into for the the Mide Ernp a)6) abe is It may if goal of reoccur the or logical is by for the the waste of above not met. profits 222-223) months from length material" There help will the and wraste the Page use increase at price weeks the with achieved to for objectives. the upon but quoting "Using sale discussed or will lines ox in be no. using activity the warts once its last upon organisation Answers by thethat goal being may that categories. situations. is achieved. achieve of process marager it or depends the ided dec goal two that involved. unique plan in goals above of easily particular depending a increasirg 1e The or plan. a particular be day use toys types pro0cess the use how is needs single classified organization in one long. reaching stuffed the of can one the of made outlines plarnning, to are to means or plans for organization steps length involved that in It is it meet to into him. the high last may help speed time achieve of be several management nachines garmerts. could manufacuring concept made, an the the of a way solution the is it for designed plan Plans are use are plans duration use Use one period. objectives materials action Plan than TYPE 46 anning, 10. 0 Single plan iore Narne paragraph. the A (a) sans, Single can Single Standing OF is compaiy A ldentify question. hasing Mention best 60 46.1 These la) (b) in These (c The which d) project future. PLAN These be document in proposed is new step which made plans classified marnufacturing and | 194 by 4 only ( serve plans. top No. operational is These There which Single event are repeat. are Standing are Princples use use use plan plan is is Enhances Although for Plans programme such between managers planning to are strategy, course plans made some of types Single Single used of projects. also Use only differ developed action and project objectives that once. and as one known as the Standing likely levels these Standing which Management updates plans their are whereas to time internal over. which routine common different 5. 6. plans Rules plans Repeat It Over decision is not Standing making. repeatedly again or plan is not with an is these used made regularly include developed standing Standing top years. and single policies, plan use again. period are e on occur A levels time to situatli n management time. procedures, of over fime part smoothly different modifications used from run or of that level plans t manages trameu managens time and are 2 0 A (i0) by For business (i0) la) T MS R Jwants (0 (e) d to The la)features ic) (b) of All 0bjectives afincreaSing tirst Strategy Channels For Features , focus again. activities but The level from plans top lower c organisation once, function. over plans over again necessary managers at plans a of These of and by as for task and period classified planning etc. (Oamdi (amdg) Plans. prepared the middle used over rules, plans and plan over made of in a Standing Standing time. use are usually the value are Use methods, perform framed it is by by are singleplans operations means framed Plan usually Budgets to Methods bj of plans and retain include-budget, not function 7 8. plan for is from but planning og) ensure revisions is repeatedly. use once process. at pervasive or the efficiency when plans working Policies(9an overall may NN) (UN) and plans designed manager and occur other discarded 1.Objectives Procedures Single Single a types of guide Planning is Strategy of in I Part: They different level it is Difference It (a) (e) (d) (C) (b) as but Functions 4. 3.2. S. 1 2. 3 Standing The 4.6.2 one of Serve These the tachieve as role position. step strategy Show Objectives Define incr bo AAchievat pa Relevant res Measura environment C Objectives activities Specific should Determining blu distributio business organisation economic int Objectives Time month. Strategy (Neither is a a Adopting Allocating the example, is the Determine by i.e of example, Strategy are are guide futur are th what (Neither 10 the % en planr Sing formulated, an changes organisation effect objectives Plannind realise. Chapter: organisation The a which objectives. activities. Standing the which needs are The sales are: to of the etc. taking use nor course plan) 2% Show M- single S- be in for sale SMART by as top plan 10% media, in 1.0bjectives These Serve should increasing io) id) (c) one by of to is (b) guide for guided level All are the set state the or is futue Features (a) of as Time are the role are what is to in 10 the % end be 6 is the an to said be may what byits the an have the by Single position. (0 nStuatg time tmootil a stand Over Dccur ement bart r planning bound oi Determine Objectives Define DUsiness T Resultof into and Objectives activities is Objectives For future example, Strategy channels Features by usually Specific month. (Neither strategy of months. of which used, done? towards choice Measurable AAchievable RRelevant Adopting a overall increase environment Determining a tine business affairs comprehensive long-term particular Allocating the standing consideration. who 0 A Objectives objectives. the (i) es Objectives of seeks planning. be organisation organisations management. to of framenanages me. achieve strive months achieve by the dimensions objectives. of to be or action. example, of resources distribution Strategy Strategy (b) (a) achieving advertising blueprint business in the decrease social into strategY objectives. business economic, organisation's anages organisational promotion provide influenced legal, is customers, outline environment strategy. a desired rejections will business.environment. political, ves from operations? objectives techniques, business? Whenever taken demand, strategy consideration. environment technological, s to e 2. of wants to The achieve first e step by i.e of (Neither end to use set nor the by the six eg. plan) can to be what is 4 195 | cot use (d) ic is are wha pre toward es De Are (b) la) identity for of out sp o Rules For the can in (c) (b) of of be of may organisation's way tor of or. acts be of It a to Use to (a) common itas is as every a of guide If (g) step of to b of the same come to the and guide or to a of o the 0 (e) (d) (C) Act asThese help can Princioles Strategies strategy made kind take in the atown 6. doubtmanage the will nev like the hasMethod There Methods car Functions directs (Standing continue Policies Policies Guides business Strategy acquire Policy supply Procedures predetermine unexpected Policy situation. Policies Features Policies (e) A Part: (d) future plan) of Management level a a decision Policies particular example Procedures Features () making provides usually every environment. strategic of broad all be decisions many dominant simple situation. decision at way course and contours that business for defined directly. its position words, Policy general managerial making. define detail In include handling organisation's decisions are can organisation torming organisation's because provides action broad purchase the decisions combine general organisation's situation statements taken Generally make lines business. policy customised parameters Sequence carried or whether etc. are activities business a of response a organization particular managers in (a) seek Steps be are nrakl All handling be the Droblo make is decido to interpretating to guide.thinking How a a (c) (b) decisionsin stratergies. channelise has energy decisions only. implementation and under are handling is within buy problems. purchase mostly Exact Policy in contusion, whether For in which policy. (Standing how strategies. the policy or or brings would work There manager requirements. plan) Features should should to vendors in supplies policies exact Procedures determined within and uniformity function. and should required steps sequence manner are (d) Selection Methods company selected a They straigl Selection proccuring company levels steps manner carrY broad meant Rules are these be spell under department insiders, objectives. procedures out (e) Methods (Standing the established which on alowed advance chronological steps which for the actions required actions activity policy of create organisation. handle be different order. interlinked a rules, is (c) (b) (a) Standardised i.e., taken are of Features future to activities. taken framework. of Code conditions. enforce each performed. policy done. to in Rules Specifies to be attain other. to Are cond 1.Budgets results not ptal Procedures an They in Budget iotal the rigid, mean Sales Price The (Single budget, pet with (d) strir example, unit sale in stat always that Luit (e) usud prepe Sale budget 4. 3. 196 (c) and of an and scope way in in long level the run. take need Or the in 6 b) is (a)Methods noThe | I Major in and same the of the basis ness. identity Vities organizalion ticular step gro prohedeci the edake to the use =1,00,000 prepared line to of 5, (g) If energy proper way be of to ies. ings time, has are must right of vary has spell (a) (b) (c) 6. towa uniom decis a be Rules tor Se to do. who the to or in not be of with from or do to and plan) out taken what Rules of in can the of Rules rigid, are Code Budgets 7. expected is plan. the in of of financial expressed capital the budget. not of is (Single prepares job result For expected nature. in requirement. numerical provide financial terms. then financial flexibility. nature budgets, how is There the are Do in type most what and the plan) to use the that Are They are mean (a) (b) (C) (d) not the unt 20,00,000 task and company to compulsive to money measurable in of organisation. rules example, and or if statement not simplest and are always way of stringent will steos (c id (e) Ô and re Act doing a attainP as of task instructions discretion efficiency. strict be capital There These and organisation. doing rules. Rules Budget deals be general method be disobeying and followed depreciation then results no the usually task no ed. sesk help guide employees. efficiency. of discipline strictly valuation that, Specifies be in for increases depreciation. specifies there conduct minds the employees saves Conditios ot will Features can one non-actions the performed. method advance, increases simplification. this environment can not against in followed the actions the special of money create in i.e., in step rules, of actions is for come (a) (b) a (Standing example, of in Methods timne, balance way efforts ot method possible. procedure and Selection the decided employees, job. Standardised diminishing standardisation a So Methods doubt straight of comparison or comprising actions systematic jobs. allowed The a performed. employees. techniques employees. common way applying as advance formalised Planrino There proccu whether be uniformity defined doing common plan) decide of Selection managers Chapter: 4 Method Methods (Standing 1 function. Features confusion, Methods 197 out it but spelt budget In in any not with are Along these any time, saves task. only the which out and find they budget Sale = 20 is unit budget, n does comp & nd = unit budget in per sale For Sales Price Total & ane s in ane af bsa epaed For Features to nclus uc the The thepans Ensures bgys, Ongin by iamed 2 2hese goals Pregrames 84 228 LSEOLels Detailed Pograes carry example, peepared on for ertire ae are a ogether the combination Programmes toplevel ue cntolling onganisation. form prepared are The various construction of of for then about particular broad veed fasts plan) cevice by el objectives, combination from program. of project. figues activities. TYES kted and smooth activities. in an a to also working policy sasasl programmes and gamut minutest use statement of syternatic the1he es (Single progarirn, within are support neahiOg manajgers aproject. shopping oF which programmes details The prepared the policies, mall, are at ad at eyesodin PLANS every organisation. framework. function.at objectives, create deviations primary opening worked leve different procedures programmes of policie relation and levels. for its progamme A akual lers between rules al can be are new the.company. out coparg akeg made to procedurs primary department. get and suDportive a policies, prour budet, programe Programng prograne e proced system n careof pertomance