ar ar a_eebn
Atrhmdrr Wmc Rnbhdsx Pduhdv
,,491 324fl335
Sfpdd BphshaXi BfXpXasdphrshar
ne IdXcdprfho9 BfXpXasdp
RsdtXpcrfho Dwodphdlad
:I FHMH :MC PNM:IC L- FPDDM
:ARSP:BS
Sgdqd hr mn nmd cd“mhshnm ne kd]cdqrgho- Sgd kd]cdqrgho
dpt]shnm hr mdudq rds nq “wdc- Shld) ok]bd) rodbh“b oqna,
kdlr) sgd o]qshbtk]q o]qshdr hmunkudc ]kk ok]x ] qnkd hm sgd
kd]cdqrgho dpt]shnm- Mnq hr sgdqd nmd rodbh“b khrs ne ]ssqh,
atsdr) uhqstdr) nq rjhkkr sg]s ]kk kd]cdqr ltrs ]mc cn
onrrdrr- Mnmdsgdkdrr) vd ]qftd sg]s ]s hsr bnqd) ]kk enqlr
ne dsghb]k kd]cdqrgho ]qd a]rdc nm sgqdd dkdldms]k hmfqd,
chdmsr9 bgWqWbsdq) rsdvWqcrgho) ]mc dwodqhdmbdzKd]cdqrgho hr qd]kkx ] l]ssdq ne bg]q]bsdq- Sgd oqnbdrr ne
adbnlhmf ] kd]cdq hr mn cheedqdms sg]m sgd oqnbdrr ne adbnl,
hmf ] etkkx hmsdfq]sdc gtl]m adhmf-–
fl V]qqdm Admmhr
@
r ] rodbhdr) vd ]qd e]rbhm]sdc ax sgd bnmbdos ne kd]cdqrgho
]mc sgd bnmctbs ne hmchuhct]k kd]cdqr- Vd nesdm ]bbnqc sgdl
qnbj rs]q rs]str) vd l]jd sgdl rnbh]k hbnmr) ]mc vd d]fdqkx
enkknv dudqx ]rodbs ne sgdhq odqrnm]k ]mc oqnedrrhnm]k khudr- @mc xds)
vghkd vd ]qd dmsgq]kkdc ax kd]cdqr) vd ]qd tmd]rx hm qdf]qc sn ntq
qdk]shnmrgho sn sgdl- Vd ]ksdqm]shudkx knud sgdl) g]sd sgdl) cdrhqd
sgdl) cdrohrd sgdl) rddj sgdl nts) ]mc rgtm sgdl- Mdudqsgdkdrr)
@k Fhmh hr Cdo]qsldms Bg]hq) Oqnedrrnq ]s sgd Knxnk] Tmhudqrhsx Bghb]fn) Bghb]fn) HK- D,l]hk9
]fhmh?ktb-dct- Qnm]kc L- Fqddm hr Chqdbsnq) Oqnedrrnq ]s sgd C]qslntsg Bnkkdfd) G]mnudq) MGD,l]hk9 qnm]kc-l-fqddm?c]qslntsg-dct-
— 1/03 Bdmsdq enq Atrhmdrr Dsghbr ]s Admskdx Tmhudqrhsx- Otakhrgdc ax Vhkdx Odqhnchb]kr) Hmb-)
24/ L]hm Rsqdds) L]kcdm) L@ /1037) TR@) ]mc 85// F]qrhmfsnm Qn]c) Nwenqc NW3 1CP) TJ-
325
ATRHMDRR @MC RNBHDSX QDUHDV
cdrohsd ntq bnmetrhnm) ntq cdrhqd enq kd]cdqr hr tmdmchmf- Khjd sgd
otqrths ne sgd Gnkx Fq]hk) vd ]qd hmdktbs]akx cq]vm sn sgdl- Vd ]qd
bnmrs]mskx hm rd]qbg ne sgd k]sdrs b]mchc]sd enq e]ld) sgd mdvdrs
lncdk nee sgd ]rrdlakx khmd) sgd mdws fqd]s gnod@msgqnonknfhrs Inrdog B]loadkk ]qftdr sg]s ]kk btkstqdr) ]kk
rnbhdshdr) ]mc ax dwsdmrhnm) ]kk nqf]mhy]shnmr ’onkhshb]k nq nsgdq,
vhrd( ]qd dmf]fdc hm ] zgdqn ptdrs-– Sg]s hr) ]kk btkstqdr rd]qbg enq
] tmhptd) k]qfdq,sg]m,khed) fhesdc odqrnm nq enq ] rhmftk]q hcd])
adkhde) nq hbnmhb rxlank sg]s gdkor sn nqf]mhyd) dwok]hm) ]mc fhud
ld]mhmf) otqonrd) ]mc chqdbshnm sn khed- B]loadkk rtffdrsr sg]s
sgd zgdqn ptdrs– hr hm deedbs ] zkd]cdqrgho ptdrs-– Sgd gdqn) khjd sgd
kd]cdq) hlonrdr nqcdq) needqr ] lnq]k bnlo]rr) ]mc) fnnc nq a]c)
chqdbsr sgd fdnfq]ogx ne khed enq dudqxnmd- B]loadkk adkhdudr sg]s
kd]cdqrgho ]mc sgd ptdrs enq ] kd]cdq hr ]m ]msgqnonknfhb]k bnm,
rs]ms) ]mc ] mdbdrr]qx bnmchshnm enq bnlltm]k dwhrsdmbd-0
Ntq bnkkdbshud e]rbhm]shnm vhsg kd]cdqrgho b]m ad fq]oghb]kkx
cdlnmrsq]sdc ax rtqudxhmf sgd rs]bjr ne ]mx khaq]qx- Kd]cdqrgho
hr sgd lnrs vqhssdm ]ants snohb hm rnbh]k rbhdmbd) onkhshb]k sgdnqx)
]mc l]m]fdldms rstchdr- Qdbdmskx) ] rs]ffdqhmf ]mc ]klnrs
tmadkhdu]akd rs]shrshb fdmdq]sdc ax @l]ynm-bnl rtffdrsdc sg]s
rhmbd 0878) lnqd sg]m 1/)/// annjr g]ud addm otakhrgdc vhsg
sgd vnqc kdWcdqrgho hm sgd shskd- @mc sgdqd ]qd hm dwbdrr ne
218)7/2 annjr ]u]hk]akd nm sgd fdmdq]k snohb ne kd]cdqrgho-1 Hm nmd
ne sgd bk]rrhb Chkadqs bnlhb rsqhor) b]qsnnmhrs Rbnss @c]lr g]r
Chkadqs bqtdkkx r]shqhyhmf ghr zAnrr&r– qd]chmf ]mc rtardptdms
e]rbhm]shnm vhsg sgd k]sdrs kd]cdqrgho annj ct intq- zAqhkkh]ms)–
k]tfgr Chkadqs) znmd ]tsgnq g]r entmc sgd l]fhb enqltk] sn
sq]mrenql xnt eqnl ] ftkkhakd a]annm hmsn ] fqd]s kd]cdq ]mc sg]s
l]jdr rdmrd adb]trd fqd]s kd]cdqr ]bghdudc rtbbdrr ax qd]chmf ]
q]mcnl annj nm kd]cdqrgho-–2 Ne bntqrd) Chkadqs) nq Rbnss @c]lr)
hr qhfgs- Sgdqd hr mn nmd annj mnq hr sgdqd nmd rhmfkd cd“mhshnm
sg]s b]m bnudq dudqx e]bds ]mc cn bnlokdsd itrshbd sn rtbg ]
bnlokdw snohb ]r kd]cdqrgho- Kd]cdqrgho hr lnqd sg]m itrs ] rds ne
e]bsr nq sgdnqhdr: hs hr ] khudc oqnbdrr- Shld) ok]bd) rodbh“b hrrtdr)
oqnakdlr) bhqbtlrs]mbdr) ]mc sgd o]qshbtk]q hmchuhct]kr hmunkudc
rg]od sgd ntsbnldr ]mc ok]x ] bqtbh]k qnkd hm ]bghduhmf rtbbdrr
nq e]hktqd- Sgd kd]cdqrgho dpt]shnm hr mdudq rds nq “wdc- Sgdqd hr
mn nmd oqdrbqhoshnm enq kd]cdqrgho: hs b]mmns ad qdctbdc sn ]
rhlokd ]kfnqhsgl- Mnq hr sgdqd nmd rhmfkd lncdk kd]cdq vgn
dlanchdr ] odqedbs sdlodq]ldms ]mc g]r ]kk sgd snnkr ]mc s]kdmsr
FHMH @MC FQDDM
326
mdbdrr]qx sn ad rtbbdrretk hm ]mx ]mc dudqx ]qdm]”ad hs onkhshbr)
qdkhfhnm) nq atrhmdrrGnvdudq) vd adkhdud sg]s sgdqd ]qd sgqdd oqhmbhokd bg]q]bsdqhr,
shbr sg]s bnmrshstsd sgd bnqd ne sgd kd]cdqrgho ogdmnldmnm9 bgWq,
Wbsdq) rsdvWqcrgho) ]mc dwodqhdmbd- Sgd otqonrd ne sghr ]qshbkd hr
sn tmo]bj ]mc cdudkno sgdrd sgqdd bg]q]bsdqhrshbr ]mc bk]qhex vgx
sgdx ]qd dkdldms]k bnlonmdmsr ne sgd oqnbdrr ne kd]cdqrgho-
BE:P:BSDP
Sgd qnns ne sgd vnqc zbg]q]bsdq– hr sgd Fqddj sdql enq dsbghmf nq
dmfq]uhmf- Sgd sdql v]r nqhfhm]kkx trdc sn rhfmhex sgd l]qjr
hloqdrrdc nm ] bnhm- @r ]ookhdc sn gtl]m adhmfr) bg]q]bsdq)
qdedqr sn sgd dmctqhmf l]qjr nq dsbgdc,hm e]bsnqr sg]s g]ud addm
hloqdrrdc nm ] odqrnm&r lhmc) sgdhq orxbgd- Sghr hmbktcdr sgdhq
hmanqm s]kdmsr) ]r vdkk ]r sgd kd]qmdc sq]hsr ]bpthqdc sgqntfg
dctb]shnm ]mc dwodqhdmbd- Sgdrd dmfq]uhmfr rds tr ]o]qs) cd“md
tr) ]mc lnshud adg]uhnq- Ax bg]q]bsdq) vd fdmdq]kkx ld]m sgd rtl
sns]k ne vg]s ] odqrnm adkhdudr hm ]mc u]ktdr) sgdhq dsghbr- Rnbh]k
rbhdmshrs I]ldr P- Vhkrnm ]qftdr sg]s vgdm vd cdrbqhad odnokd)
vd q]qdkx cd“md sgdl ax ]mx nmd sq]hs- Q]sgdq) vd l]jd itcf,
ldmsr a]rdc nm ] rds ne sq]hsr) sgdhq bg]q]bsdq- Ax bg]q]bsdq) r]xr
Vhkrnm) vd ld]m svn sghmfr9 ’0( ] chrshmbshud bnlahm]shnm ne
odqrnm]k pt]khshdr ax vghbg rnldnmd hr jmnvm”sg]s hr) ghr nq gdq
odqrnm]khsx: ]mc ’1( ] chrshmbshud bnlahm]shnm ne khudc nts lnq]k
bnllhsldmsr ]mc lnq]k u]ktdr- Hm nsgdq vnqcr) ntq oghknrnogx ne
khed hr cd“mdc ax vg]s vd bgnnrd sn u]ktd) ]mc ntq bg]q]bsdq hr
cd“mdc ax ntq ]bshudkx khuhmf nts sg]s vghbg vd u]ktd- Odqg]or
Dkd]mnq Qnnrdudks b]ostqdc hs adrs vgdm rgd rtffdrsdc sg]s he xnt
v]ms sn jmnv ] odqrnm&r sqtd bg]q]bsdq) bgdbj sgdhq bgdbjannjrVg]s vd rodmc ntq lnmdx nm hr vg]s vd qd]kkx u]ktd-3
Adhmf ] odqrnm ne bg]q]bsdq hr ]m nmfnhmf ]bshuhsx ]mc mns ]
nmd,shld ]ee]hq nq ]m dohrnchb dwodqhdmbd- Dsghb]k bg]q]bsdq hr
enqldc nudq shld ]mc vhsgrs]mcr sgd sdrs ne shld- Bg]q]bsdq) khjd
rjhkk) ]sgkdshb ]ahkhsx) nq ltrhb]k s]kdms) ltrs ad oq]bshbdc hm nqcdq
sn ad odqedbsdc ]mc l]hms]hmdc- @mc xds rnld lhrs]jdr) rnld
]bshnmr) rnld adg]uhnq) vgdsgdq hmsdmcdc nq mns) b]m bg]mfd ntq
khudr ]mc ntq qdots]shnmr enqdudq- @r V]qqdm Ateedss r]hc) zZh[s
s]jdr xd]qr sn athkc ] qdots]shnm ne bg]q]bsdq ]mc “ud lhmtsdr sn
qthm hs-–4
327
ATRHMDRR @MC RNBHDSX QDUHDV
Bg]q]bsdq cdudknoldms hr o]qs ne vg]s Ok]sn ld]mr ax sgd
zdw]lhmdc khed-– Hm Sgd :onknfx) gd ’nq q]sgdq sgd bg]q]bsdq
Rnbq]sdr( ]qftdr sg]s sgd “qrs ptdrshnm ]mc sgd “qrs oqhmbhokd ne
oghknrnogx hr sn ad ]akd sn fq]ro ]mc tmcdqrs]mc sgd ]clnmhshnm
ne sgd nq]bkd ne @onkkn ]s Cdkogh9 Fmnsgh rdWtsnm) nq zJmnv
sgxrdke-– Enq Ok]sn) sgd ptdrshnm ne rdke ’zVgn ]l H;–( oqdbdcdr ]kk
nsgdq bnmrhcdq]shnmr) hmbktchmf sg]s ne rdke ]mc nsgdqr ’zVg]s
ntfgs H sn cn vhsg nsgdqr;–(- Hm ghr uhdv) nmkx odqrnmr vgn jmnv
sgdlrdkudr ansg hm sgdhq rsqdmfsgr ]mc vd]jmdrrdr b]m ad a]k,
]mbdc hmchuhct]kr ]mc deedbshud kd]cdqr- @r gd rtffdrsdc hm sgd
Pdotakhb9 Rnldnmd vgn vntkc qtkd sgd vnqkc ltrs “qrs qtkd
ghlrdke-5
@rrtlhmf sgd kd]cdqrgho ne ]m nqf]mhy]shnm”vgdsgdq ] bkta) ]
ronqsr sd]l) nq ] fkna]k bnqonq]shnm”hr ] c]tmshmf ]mc c]mfdq,
ntr sghmf sn cn) sn ]ssdlos hs vhsgnts ] rnkhc tmcdqrs]mchmf ne
vgn xnt ]qd ’xntq bg]q]bsdq( ]mc vhsgnts ] bkd]q rdmrd ne vg]s
xnt ]qd vhkkhmf ]mc tmvhkkhmf sn cn ’xntq hmsdfqhsx ]mc bnmrbhdmbd(
hr ] enqltk] enq otakhb e]hktqd ]mc odqrnm]k sq]fdcx- Vg]s nmd
onkhshb]k nardqudq r]hc ]ants nsgdqr ]krn ]ookhdr sn nmdrdke9
Ehmc nts vg]s ] odqrnm sqtkx adkhdudr hm ]mc vg]s sgdx v]ms
sn ad- Cnm&s itrs itcfd ] b]mchc]sd ax vg]s sgdx r]x- Drod,
bh]kkx) ax vg]s sgdx r]x hm eqnms ne ] b]ldq] nq ]
lhbqnognmd-6
Hm gdq annj BgWqWbsdq6 :ldqhbW r RdWqbg enq IdWcdqrgho) F]hk
Rgddgx ]qftdr sg]s vghkd bg]q]bsdq hr sgd lnrs bqtbh]k dkdldms ne
kd]cdqrgho) hs hr ]krn sgd lnrs dktrhud- Hm qdf]qc sn kd]cdqrgho)
r]xr Rgddgx) bg]q]bsdq hr etmc]ldms]k ]mc oqnogdshb- zSgd hrrtdr
Zne kd]cdqrgho[)– r]xr Rgddgx) z]qd ne snc]x ]mc vhkk bg]mfd hm
shld- Bg]q]bsdq hr vg]s v]r xdrsdqc]x ]mc vhkk ad snlnqqnv-–
Bg]q]bsdq drs]akhrgdr ansg ntq c]x,sn,c]x cdld]mnq ]mc ntq
cdrshmx- Sgdqdenqd) hs hr mns nmkx trdetk ats ]krn drrdmsh]k sn
dw]lhmd sgd bg]q]bsdq ne sgnrd vgn vhrg sn kd]c tr- @r ] intq,
m]khrs ]mc knmfshld nardqudq ne sgd onkhshb]k rbdmd) Rgddgx bnm,
sdmcr sg]s sgd V]sdqf]sd ]ee]hq ne sgd d]qkx 086/r rdqudr ]r ]
odqedbs dw]lokd ne sgd khmjr adsvddm bg]q]bsdq ]mc kd]cdqrgho- @r
Qhbg]qc Mhwnm cdlnmrsq]sdc rn vdkk) r]xr Rgddgx) zSgd Oqdrh,
cdmbx hr mns sgd ok]bd sn vnqj nts nmd&r odqrnm]k o]sgnknfx-–7
Kd]cdqr qtkd tr) qtm sghmfr) vhdkc onvdq- Sgdqdenqd) r]xr Rgddgx)
FHMH @MC FQDDM
328
vd ltrs ad b]qdetk ]ants vgn vd bgnnrd sn kd]c- Adb]trd vgn vd
bgnnrd hr vg]s vd vhkk ad- He bg]q]bsdq hr cdrshmx) sgd cdrshmx ntq
kd]cdqr enqfd vhkk ad ntq nvm-
RSDU:PCREHO
Dsghb]k bg]q]bsdq ]kv]xr ]rjr9 zVg]s ntfgs H sn cn hm qdf]qc sn
nsgdqr;– zVg]s ]qd lx qdronmrhahkhshdr hm qdf]qc sn nsgdqr;– Sgdrd
svn ptdrshnmr ]qd ]krn etmc]ldms]k sn sgd bnmbdos ne rsdv]qcrghoHm Nkc Dmfkhrg) sgd vnqc rsdvWqc ’rshvWqc( ld]mr zgntrd ft]qc,
h]m-– Hs qdedqr sn z] odqrnm hm bg]qfd ne qtmmhmf sgd gntrdgnkc ne
]mnsgdq-– Sn ]bs ]r ] rsdv]qc hr sn ]bs ]r z]m ]fdms– enq ]mnsgdqRsdv]qcrgho rtffdrsr adhmf znsgdq,chqdbsdc)– adhmf zqdronmrhakd
enq nsgdqr)– adhmf hm sgd zrdquhbd ne nsgdqr-–8 Rsdv]qcrgho) khjd
kd]cdqrgho) hr ]kv]xr ]ants nsgdqr- Odsdq Rdmfd) ]tsgnq ne sgd
l]m]fdldms bk]rrhb Sgd Ehesg Chrbhokhmd) ]qftdr sg]s adhmf ]
rsdv]qc ld]mr sg]s kd]cdqr qdbnfmhyd sg]s sgd tkshl]sd otqonrd ne
sgdhq vnqj hr nsgdqr ]mc mns rdke- Sgdx zcn vg]s sgdx cn– enq
rnldsghmf k]qfdq sg]m sgdlrdkudr- Enq Rdmfd) kd]cdqrgho) khjd
rsdv]qcrgho) ld]mr rdquhbd nudq rdke,hmsdqdrs-0/ Kd]cdqr) khjd rsdv,
]qcr) ots sgdhq enkknvdqr& nq bnmrshstdmsr& mddcr adenqd sgdhq nvmKd]cdqr) khjd rsdv]qcr) ltrs ]kv]xr ]bs hm sgd hmsdqdrs ne sgd
bnllnm fnnc- Kd]cdqrgho) khjd rsdv]qcrgho) hr ]kv]xr ]ants sgd
admd“s ne nsgdqr- @r bghde dwdbtshud ne“bdq ]mc kd]cdqrgho rbgnk]q
L]w CdOqdd g]r r]hc9 zSgd rhfmr ne ntsrs]mchmf kd]cdqrgho ]ood]q
oqhl]qhkx ]lnmf sgd enkknvdqr- @qd sgd enkknvdqr qd]bghmf sgdhq
onsdmsh]k;–00 zOnvdq,vhdkcdqr– l]x sqd]s odnokd ]r sghmfr- Sqtd
kd]cdqr cn mns- Dsghb]k kd]cdqrgho dldqfdr eqnl ]mc ]kv]xr
qdstqmr sn sgd etmc]ldms]k v]msr) mddcr) ]rohq]shnm) ]mc u]ktdr
ne hsr enkknvdqr- Kd]cdqrgho) khjd rsdv]qcrgho) ]kv]xr ]hlr ]s
onrhshud bg]mfd hm sgd khed ne ]m nqf]mhy]shnm nq ] bnlltmhsx-01
Vhsgnts dlaq]bhmf nq dmcnqrhmf ]mx ne sgd qdkhfhntr nudqsnmdr
ne Qnadqs J- Fqddmkd]e&r mnshnm ne zrdqu]ms kd]cdqrgho)– vd “mc
ntqrdkudr hm etkk ]fqddldms ne ghr a]rhb sgdrhr- Enq Fqddmkd]e) sgd
jdx dsghb]k hlodq]shud ne kd]cdqrgho bnldr eqnl sgd e]bs sg]s
kd]cdqrgho hr mns ]ants sgd kd]cdq- Fqddmkd]e adkhdudr sg]s sgd
drrdmbd ne kd]cdqrgho ]mc ne ]kk enqlr ne ]tsgnqhsx hr sgd rtanq,
chm]shnm ne nmd&r rdke nq nmd&r dfn sn sgd mddcr ]mc cdrhqdr ne ]
bnlltmhsx ne nsgdqr-
33/
ATRHMDRR @MC RNBHDSX QDUHDV
Sgd rdqu]ms,kd]cdq hr rdqu]ms “qrs - - - Hs adfhmr vhsg sgd
m]stq]k eddkhmfr sg]s nmd v]msr sn rdqud) sn rdqud zqrs- Sgdm
bnmrbhntr bgnhbd aqhmfr nmd sn ]rohqd sn kd]c- Sg]s odqrnm hr
rg]qokx cheedqdms eqnl nmd vgn hr kdWcdq “qrs) odqg]or
adb]trd ne sgd mddc sn ]rrt]fd ]m trt]k onvdq cqhud nq sn
]bpthqd l]sdqh]k onrrdrrhnmr- Enq rtbg) hs vhkk ad ] k]sdq
bgnhbd sn rdqud”]esdq kd]cdqrgho hr drs]akhrgdc- Sgd kd]cdq,
“qrs ]mc sgd rdqu]ms,“qrs ]qd svn dwsqdld sxodr- Adsvddm
sgdl ]qd sgd rg]chmfr ]mc akdmcr sg]s ]qd o]qs ne sgd hm“mhsd
u]qhdsx ne gtl]m m]stqd- Sgd cheedqdmbd l]mhedrsr hsrdke hm
sgd b]qd s]jdm ax sgd rdqu]ms,“qrs sn l]jd rtqd sg]s nsgdq
odnokd&r ghfgdrs oqhnqhsx mddcr ]qd adhmf rdqudc- Sgd adrs
sdrs) ]mc che“btks sn ]clhmhrsdq) hr sghr9 Cn sgnrd rdqudc fqnv
]r odqrnmr; Cn sgdx) vghkd adhmf rdqudc) adbnld gd]ksghdq)
vhrdq) eqddq) lnqd ]tsnmnlntr) lnqd khjdkx sgdlrdkudr sn
adbnld rdqu]msr; @mc vg]s hr sgd deedbs nm sgd kd]rs oqhuh,
kdfdc hm rnbhdsx; Vhkk sgdx admd“s nq ]s kd]rs mns ad etqsgdq
cdoqhudc;02
Odsdq Cqtbjdq) nmd ne sgd lnrs rjhkkdc nardqudqr ne nqf]mhy]shnm]k
khed) bnmbktcdr nm sgd a]rhr ne lnqd sg]m 54 xd]qr ne rstcxhmf
l]m]fdldms sg]s sgd oqhl]qx otqonrd ne ]kk atrhmdrr nqf]mhy],
shnmr ]mc sgd fqntmcr ]mc q]shnm]kd enq ]kk enqlr ne l]m]fdqh]k
]tsgnqhsx hr sn l]jd sgd gtl]m bnmchshnm lnqd rdbtqd) lnqd
r]shre]bsnqx) ]mc lnqd oqnctbshud-03 Lnqd bnkknpth]kkx) Snmx
Ctmfx) enqldq M]shnm]k Ennsa]kk Kd]ftd bn]bg) r]hc9 zHs hr mns
]ants xnt - - - Xntq nmkx ina Z]r ] bn]bg) ]r ] kd]cdq[ hr sn gdko
xntq sd]l ad adssdq-–04 Bdmstqhdr adenqd Cqtbjdq nq Ctmfx)
Rs- @tftrshmd bkd]qkx rtffdrsdc hm sgd Bhsx ne Fnc sg]s sgd “qrs
]mc “m]k ina ne kd]cdqr hr sgd ]ssdlos sn rdqud sgd mddcr ]mc sgd
vdkk,adhmf ne sgd odnokd sgdx kd]c-05
DWODPHDMBD9 SPH:I :MC DPPNP
Hm ] aqhkkh]ms khsskd annj dmshskdc Fqddjr Wmc Fddydqr) V]qqdm
Admmhr ]mc Qnadqs Sgnl]r onhms nts sgd etmc]ldms]k qnkd ne
dwodqhdmbd) o]hm) sqh]k) ]mc e]hktqd hm sgd cdudknoldms ne hmch,
uhct]k kd]cdqr- Admmhr ]mc Sgnl]r ]qftd sg]s zsgd ]ahkhsx sn kd]qm
hr ] cd“mhmf bg]q]bsdqhrshb ne adhmf gtl]m: ]mc sgd ]ahkhsx sn
bnmshmtd kd]qmhmf hr ]m drrdmsh]k rjhkk ne kd]cdqr-–06 Enq Admmhr
]mc Sgnl]r) qd]k kd]qmhmf hr sgd qdrtks ne shld) dwodqhdmbd) deenqs)
FHMH @MC FQDDM
330
dctb]shnm) hmunkudldms) ]bghduhmf rtbbdrr) ]mc) lnrs hlonq,
s]mskx) dwodqhdmbhmf rdsa]bjr ]mc qd]k e]hktqd- Admmhr ]mc Sgnl]r
]qftd sg]s sgd ]ahkhsx sn ad ] kd]cdq hr sgd qdrtks ne sq]hmhmf) shld
nm sgd ina) rtquhuhmf sgd sdrs ne ansg lhmnq ]mc l]inq e]hktqdr)
]mc sgd s]kdms sn dwsq]bs ansg vhrcnl ]mc rjhkkr eqnl sgdrd
dwodqhdmbdrAdmmhr ]mc Sgnl]r ]qd bnmuhmbdc sg]s znmd ne sgd lnrs qdkh]akd
hmchb]snqr ]mc oqdchbsnqr ne sqtd kd]cdqrgho hr ]m hmchuhct]k&r
]ahkhsx sn “mc ld]mhmf hm mdf]shud dudmsr ]mc sn kd]qm eqnl sgd
lnrs sqxhmf ne bhqbtlrs]mbdr-–07 Sgdx adkhdud sg]s sgd rjhkkr
qdpthqdc sn bnmptdq ]cudqrhsx ]mc dldqfd rsqnmfdq eqnl sgd dwod,
qhdmbd ]qd sgd r]ld nmdr sg]s l]jd ]m dwsq]nqchm]qx kd]cdq- Sgdx
b]kk sgdrd dwodqhdmbd sg]s bnld sn rg]od kd]cdqr bqtbhakdr9 z]
ok]bd) ] shld) nq ] rhst]shnm bg]q]bsdqhydc ax sgd bnmfitdmbd ne
onvdqetk) hmsdkkdbst]k) rnbh]k dbnmnlhb nq onkhshb]k enqbdr: ] rdudqd
sdrs ne o]shdmbd) adkhde ]mc rsqdmfsg-–08 Sgdx ]qftd sg]s sgd bqt,
bhakd dwodqhdmbd hr ] sqh]k) ] sdrs) ] onhms ne cddo qdfidbshnm sg]s
enqbdr hmchuhct]kr sn ptdrshnm vgn sgdx ]qd ]mc vg]s l]ssdqr sn
sgdl- zHs qdpthqdr sgdl sn dw]lhmd sgdhq u]ktdr) sn ptdrshnm sgdhq
]rrtloshnmr) ]mc gnmd sgdhq itcfldmsr-–1/ @ bqtbhakd hr ] sq]mr,
enql]shud dwodqhdmbd hm vghbg sgd udqx a]rhr ne ] odqrnm&r hcdmshsx
]mc hmchuhct]k odqrodbshudr ]qd bg]kkdmfdc sn sgd bnqd@ odqedbs dw]lokd ne sghr hr) ]mc ] odqrnm vd vhkk bnld a]bj sn
k]sdq) hr Mdkrnm L]mcdk]- @bbnqchmf sn Mdkrnm L]mcdk]) zHe H g]c
mns addm hm oqhrnm ’enq 16 xd]qr() H vntkc mns g]ud addm ]akd sn
]bghdud sgd lnrs che“btks s]rj hm khed) ]mc sg]s hr bg]mfhmf xntq,
rdke-–10 L]mcdk] qdedqqdc sn ghr Qnaadm Hrk]mc bdkk) knb]sdc itrs nee
sgd bn]rs ne Rntsg @eqhb]) ]r zSgd Tmhudqrhsx-– Sgd zTmhudqrhsx ne
Oqhrnm)– gd ]qftdc) s]tfgs ghl sn ad ] etkk gtl]m adhmf- Lnqd,
nudq) hs s]tfgs ghl rdke,bnmsqnk) chrbhokhmd) ]mc enbtr”sghmfr
drrdmsh]k sn kd]cdqrgho- Hm sgd vnqcr ne @kcntr Gtwkdx9 zDwodqh,
dmbd hr mns vg]s g]oodmr sn ] l]m- Hs hr vg]s ] l]m cndr vhsg
vg]s g]oodmr sn ghl-–11
O]hm) rteedqhmf) hkkmdrr b]m ]krn ad knnjdc nm ]r ] bqtbhakd) ]
sdrs) sg]s b]m kd]c sn ] sq]mrenql]shud dwodqhdmbd hm ] odqrnm&r
khed- Hm ghr qdbdms annj : Ehqrs,PWsd LWcmdrr6 Tmbnudqhmf sgd Ihmjr
Adsvddm IdWcdqrgho Wmc LdmsWk Hkkmdrr) orxbgh]sqhrs M]rrhq
Fg]dlh ]qftdr sg]s sgd sqh]kr ne ogxrhb]k hkkmdrr) rsqtffkhmf vhsg
ldk]mbgnkx ]mc cd]khmf vhsg lnnc chrnqcdqr ]mc.nq rdqhntr
ldms]k cdoqdrrhnm) b]m qdrtks hm ] lnqd naidbshud ]mc qd]khrshb
331
ATRHMDRR @MC RNBHDSX QDUHDV
odqrodbshud nm qd]khsx) fqd]sdq qdrhkhdmbd) ]mc lnqd dlo]sgx enq
sgd rgnqsbnlhmfr ]mc rteedqhmfr ne nsgdqr- Gd ]qftdr) enq
dw]lokd) sg]s @aq]g]l Khmbnkm&r antsr vhsg ldk]mbgnkx l]cd
ghl lnqd dlo]sgdshb sn sgd okhfgs ne @eqhb]m,@ldqhb]m rk]udrFg]dlh bnmsdmcr sg]s Vhmrsnm Bgtqbghkk&r dohrncdr ne sgd zAk]bj
Cnf– ’]btsd ]mc nesdm rthbhc]k cdoqdrrhnm( gdhfgsdmdc ghr ]ahkhsx
sn qdbnfmhyd sgd c]qj rhcd ne nsgdqr) ]r vdkk ]r sgd sdm]bhsx sn
mdudq fhud hm sn sgdl) enq dw]lokd) @cnke Ghskdq- Ehm]kkx) Fg]dlh hr
bnmuhmbdc sg]s Eq]mjkhm C- Qnnrdudks&r knrhmf a]sskd vhsg onkhn
sns]kkx bg]mfdc ghr ]sshstcd snv]qc khed ]mc nsgdqr- Hm Dkd]mnq
Qnnrdudks&r nvm vnqcr9 z@mxnmd vgn g]r fnmd sgqntfg fqd]s
rteedqhmf hr antmc sn g]ud fqd]sdq rxlo]sgx ]mc tmcdqrs]mchmf ne
sgd oqnakdlr ne l]mjhmc-–12 Onkhn) rtffdrsr Fg]dlh) sq]mrenqldc
ECQ eqnl adhmf ] onkhshbh]m vgn rhlokx rntfgs ne“bd ]r ] o]qs ne
ghr o]sqhbh]m l]mc]sd hmsn ] qdenqldq vgn q]sgdq rntfgs ne“bd sn
rdqud sgd bnllnm fnnc-13
@s sgd bnqd ne Admmhr&r) Sgnl]r&r) ]mc Fg]dlh&r ]qftldmsr
qdf]qchmf sgd bg]kkdmfd ne ] bqtbhakd rhst]shnm hr sg]s ] bqhrhr b]m
oqnctbd hm ]m hmchuhct]k vg]s sgdx bnmrhcdq sn ad sgd rhmd ptn
mnm b]o]bhsx mdbdrr]qx enq rtbbdrretk kd]cdqrgho”]c]os]ahkhsxSgdx ]qftd sg]s ltbg lnqd hlonqs]ms sg]m hmsdkkhfdmbd) s]kdms) nq
rodbh“b rjhkk rdsr) ]c]oshud b]o]bhsx) sgd ]ahkhsx sn sq]mrbdmc sgd
khlhsr ne ] o]qshbtk]q lnldms hm shld) hr sgd cd“mhmf bnlodsdmbd
qdpthqdc enq kd]cdqr sn cn vdkk cdrohsd khed&r hmduhs]akd bg]mfdr ]mc
knrrdr- Hm sgd dmc) ]c]os]ahkhsx) sgd ]ahkhsx sn cd]k vhsg bg]nr)
bg]mfd) ]mc bnmrs]ms stqlnhk) hr sgd oqnctbs ne dwodqhdmbd)
o]shdmbd) ]mc oq]bshbd- Vg]s Admmhr) Sgnl]r) ]mc Fg]dlh ]qd ]kk
rtffdrshmf hr sg]s tkshl]sdkx) kd]cdqrgho hr ] oq]bshb]k ]qs enql)
]mc) ]r hm ]kk enqlr ne ]qs) oqn“bhdmbx hr sgd oqnctbs ne dwodqh,
dmbd) sqh]k) ]mc dqqnq-
:M DW:LOID
@qft]akx) nmd ne sgd lnrs nauhntr svdmshdsg bdmstqx dw]lokdr ne
] kd]cdq vgn hr ] akdmc ne bg]q]bsdq) rsdv]qcrgho) ]mc dwodqhdmbd
hr Mdkrnm L]mcdk]- Khjd V]rghmfsnm ]mc Khmbnkm) L]mcdk]&r sqtd
bg]q]bsdq ]mc kdf]bx ]qd bkntcdc ax onotk]q lxsgnknfx ]mc sgd
]klnrs btks,khjd vnqrgho ne ] l]m sg]s hr qdudqdc ax lhkkhnmr
]qntmc sgd vnqkc ]r ] r]hms- Mdudqsgdkdrr) mnsvhsgrs]mchmf sgd
FHMH @MC FQDDM
332
bktssdq ne hbnmnfq]ogx sg]s oqnghahsr ]m tmah]rdc ]ooq]hr]k ne sgd
l]m) ghr khed) ]mc ghr vnqj) ansg ghr rsqnmfdrs oqnonmdmsr ]mc
lnrs ]c]l]ms noonmdmsr qdbnfmhyd hm L]mcdk] ] odqrnm ne qdb,
shstcd) bnmuhbshnm) ]mc bg]q]bsdqL]mcdk]&r ahnfq]ogdq Qhbg]qc Rsdmfdk ]qftdr sg]s L]mcdk]&r
oghknrnogx ne kd]cdqrgho hr ] chqdbs ax,oqnctbs ne sgd @eqhb]m
bnmbdos ne Tatmst”sgd oqnentmc rdmrd sg]s vd ]qd gtl]m nmkx
sgqntfg sgd gtl]mhsx ne nsgdqr- Tatmst hr sgd hcd] sg]s odnokd
]qd dlonvdqdc ax nsgdq odnokd) zsg]s vd adbnld ntq adrs rdkudr
sgqntfg tmrdk“rg hmsdq]bshnm vhsg nsgdqr-–14 Tatmst hlokhdr sg]s
kd]cdqrgho.bghdes]hmbx ld]mr adhmf ] btrsnch]m ne nsgdqr- Bghde,
s]hmbx hr ]ants sgd qhfgsr ne nsgdqr- Enq L]mcdk]) zsgd bghdfix rsxkd
ne kd]cdqrgho v]r mns ]ants u]tkshmf nmdrdke sn sgd eqnms) ats
]ants khrsdmhmf ]mc ]bghduhmf bnmrdmrtr-– Enq L]mcdk]) Tatmst
ld]mr sg]s ] kd]cdq.bghde chc mns kds ghr nvm vhkk) ghr nvm mddcr)
rtodqrdcd sgd vhkk ]mc mddcr ne sgd bnlltmhsxRsdmfdk adkhdudr sg]s L]mcdk]&r fqd]sdrs ]bs ne kd]cdqrgho v]r
jmnvhmf vgdm sn pths- L]mcdk] tmcdqrsnnc sgd oqnentmckx rdke,
kdrr sqtsg sg]s kd]cdqrgho b]mmns ]mc rgntkc mns ad ] khedknmf
ne“bd- Ghr bnllhsldms sn Tatmst hmbktcdc sgd oqhmbhokd ne ansg
dlonvdqhmf nsgdqr ]mc jmnvhmf vgdm sn kds fn) jmnvhmf vgdm sn
rsdo cnvm ]mc ad qdok]bdc ax nsgdqr- Rn) hm @oqhk 0884) nmkx ]
xd]q hmsn ghr “qrs sdql ]r sgd cdlnbq]shb]kkx dkdbsdc Oqdrhcdms ne
Rntsg @eqhb]) gd ]mmntmbdc sg]s gd vntkc mns rs]mc enq ] rdbnmc
sdql- @esdq ]kk) gd r]hc) hm 0888 gd vntkc ad 7/ xd]qr nkc ]mc ]m
znbsnfdm]qh]m rgntkcm&s ad ldcckhmf hm onkhshbr-–15
Enq L]mcdk]) kd]cdqrgho hr ]ants rdquhbd sn nsgdqr) ]mc gd
tmcdqrsnnc sg]s zghr ennsoqhmsr vntkc ad sgd “qrs nmdr hm sgd r]mc
]mc sg]s nsgdqr vntkc enkknv-–16 Hm L]mcdk]&r nvm vnqcr9 zLdm
bnld ]mc fn- H g]ud bnld ]mc H vhkk fn vgdm lx shld bnldr-–17
BNMBITRHNM
Fhudm dudqxsghmf vd g]ud r]hc gdqd ]ants bg]q]bsdq) rsdv]qcrgho)
]mc dwodqhdmbd) ] ptdrshnm mddcr sn ad ]rjdc9 Vgx hr hs sg]s sgd
vnqkc g]r addm onotk]sdc vhsg rn l]mx a]c kd]cdqr; Vgx hr hs
sg]s eqnl sgd Qnl]m Dlodqnq Mdqn) sn sgd Anqfh] Onod @kdw]mcdq
UH) sn Jdm K]x ]mc Idee Rjhkkhmfr ]s Dmqnm sg]s sgd ghrsnqx ne
onkhshbr ]mc dmsdqoqhrd hr “kkdc vhsg cdrsqtbshud) snwhb kd]cdqr vgn
333
ATRHMDRR @MC RNBHDSX QDUHDV
cn qd]k g]ql sn sgdhq nqf]mhy]shnmr ]mc enkknvdqr; R]ckx) sgd
u]qhntr b]trdr enq sghr ]kk snn bnllnm ]mc ]kk snn gtl]m ogd,
mnldmnm rsdl eqnl ] a]rhb orxbgnknfhb]k mddc enq r]edsx) rhl,
okhbhsx) ]mc bdqs]hmsx hm ntq khudr- @mc) k]bjhmf ]m ]ksdqm]shud)
dudm a]c kd]cdqr b]m r]shrex sgdrd lnrs a]rhb ne gtl]m mddcr
]mc oqnuhcd tr vhsg ] rdmrd ne nqcdq ]mc rs]ahkhsx- Khjd hs nq mns)
]kk kd]cdqr gdko sn l]jd rdmrd ne sgd vnqkc hm vghbg vd nodq]sdFnnc kd]cdq nq a]c) vd ]qd nesdm bnlodkkdc sn enkknv zadb]trd sgd
bnrs ne mns enkknvhmf hr) lnqd nesdm sg]m mns) ghfg-–18
Qdonqsdckx) enqldq Qdotakhb]m Rdm]snq eqnl L]hmd L]qf]qds
Bg]rd,Rlhsg nmbd rtffdrsdc sg]s vgdm fhudm ] bgnhbd adsvddm
]m]qbgx ]mc sxq]mmx) lnrs hmchuhct]kr hmu]qh]akx bgnnrd sxq]mmxVgx; Adb]trd ]m]qbgx k]bjr enql]k rsqtbstqd) bngdrhudmdrr)
nqf]mhy]shnm) chqdbshnm) ]mc.nq rodbh“b otqonrd- Hs hr vhsgnts
antmc]qhdr ]mc khlhsr- Hs cndr mns needq tr ] bngdqdms ohbstqd ne
sgd vnqkc- Sgd cdrhqd enq kd]cdqrgho hr rddlhmfkx o]qs ne ntq rnbh]k
CM@) vd mddc hs) vd rddj hs nts) vd ]qd cdrodq]sd enq hs- @mc) hm
cdrodq]sd shldr) vd ]qd nesdm snn vhkkhmf sn dlaq]bd a]c kd]cdqr)
lhrkd]cdqr) snwhb kd]cdqr) vgn oqnlhrd sn ]rrt]fd ntq mddcr enq
rdbtqhsx ]mc oqnuhcd ] rdmrd ne nqcdq ]mc bdqs]hmsx hm ] chrnq,
cdqdc ]mc tmbdqs]hm vnqkc- Anssnl khmd9 fnnc nq a]c) zkd]cdqr
gdko tr sn l]jd rdmrd ne sgd vnqkc hm vghbg vd nodq]sd-–2/
MNSDR
0- Inrdog B]loadkk) Sgd Gdqn vhsg W SgntrWmc EWbdr ’Mnu]sn) B@9
Mdv Vnqkc Khaq]qx) 1//7(: Inrdog B]loadkk ]mc Ahkk Lnxdqr) Sgd Onvdq
ne Lxsg ’G]qorvdkk) LD9 @mbgnq Otakhrghmf) 0880(1- zKd]cdqrgho Annjr”Ch]knftd Enbtrdc Qduhdvr-– IdWcdqrgho
AnnjrfiChWknftd Enbtrdc Pduhdvr- m-o-) m-c- Vda- @oqhk) 2/ 1/032- Fhmh) @k) ]mc Qnm]kc L- Fqddm) zSgd L]jhmfr ne ] Fnnc Kd]cdq-–
BghbWfn Sqhatmd- m-o-) Rdosdladq 14) 1/02- Vda- @oqhk 2/) 1/033- I]ldr P- Vhkrnm) Sgd LnqWk Rdmrd ’Mdv Xnqj9 Eqdd Oqdrr) 0882()
13/fl1304- Qnfdq Knvdmrsdhm) Sgd LWjhmf ne Wm :ldqhbWm BWohsWkhrs ’Mdv Xnqj9
Q]mcnl Gntrd) 0884() 0005- Ok]sn) Sgd Pdotakhb’ sq]mr- B-C-B- Qddud ’Hmch]m]onkhr) HM9 G]bjdss)
1//3() 85 ’eqnl Annj HU(9 z@mc he ]mx ne sgdl rddlr sn ad hlltmd sn
rnqbdqx) oqdrdqudr ghr bnlonrtqd sgqntfgnts) hr ] fnnc ft]qch]m ne
FHMH @MC FQDDM
334
ghlrdke ]mc ne sgd ltrhb]k sq]hmhmf gd g]r qdbdhudc) ]mc oqnudr ghlrdke
sn ad qgxsglhb]k ]mc g]qlnmhntr hm ]kk sgdrd sqh]kr”gd hr sgd rnqs ne
odqrnm vgn vntkc ad lnrs trdetk) ansg sn ghlrdke ]mc sn sgd bhsx- @mc
]mxnmd vgn hr sdrsdc ]r ] bghkc) xntsg) ]mc ]ctks) ]mc ]kv]xr dldqfdr ]r
adhmf vhsgnts hlotqhshdr) rgntkc ad drs]akhrgdc ]r ] qtkdq ne sgd bhsx ]r
vdkk ]r ] ft]qch]m - - -–
6- Rsdud Dcv]qcr) Bghb]fn Otakhb Q]chn”VADY,EL9 z@ Onkhshb]k
Qntmc To-– @hqdc nm I]mt]qx 01) 1//77- F]hk Rgddgx) BgWqWbsdq6 :ldqhbW r RdWqbg enq IdWcdqrgho ’Mdv Xnqj9
A]ms]l Annjr) 088/() 558- Udarsdq Bnkkdfd ChbshnmWqx ’Mdv Xnqj9 Q]mcnl Gntrd) 1///(0/- Odsdq Rdmfd) Sgd Ehesg Chrbhokhmd ’Mdv Xnqj9 Cntakd.Btqqdmbx
Annjr) 088/() 234fl24100- L]w CdOqdd) IdWcdqrgho Hr Wm :qs ’Mdv Xnqj9 Cntakdc]x) 0878()
0101- I]ldr L]bFqdfnq Atqmr) IdWcdqrgho ’Mdv Xnqj9 Sgd Eqdd Oqdrr)
0867() 07fl0802- Qnadqs J- Fqddmkd]e) RdquWms IdWcdqrgho ’L]gv]g) MI9 O]tkhrs
Oqdrr) 1//1() 1603- Odsdq E- Cqtbjdq vhsg I-O- L]bh]qqhdkkn) Sgd CWhkx Cqtbjdq9 .33
CWxr ne Hmrhfgs Wmc LnshuWshnm enq Fdsshmf sgd Phfgs Sghmfr Cnmd ’Mdv
Xnqj9 G]qodq Atrhmdrr) 1//3() 0/4) 08404- Snmx Ctmfx vhsg M]sg]m Vghs]jdq) Sgd Ldmsnq IdWcdq ’B]qnk
Rsqd]l) HK9 Sxmc]kd Gntrd Otakhrgdqr) 1/0/(05- R]hms @tftrshmd) zA]rhb Vqhshmfr ne R]hms @tftrshmd)– hm Sgd Bhsx
ne Fnc) dc- Vghsmdx I- Nmsdr) unk- 4-1 ’Mdv Xnqj9 Q]mcnl Gntrd) 0837()
38/fl38006- V]qqdm F- Admmhr ]mc Qnadqs I- Sgnl]r) Fddjr Wmc Fddydqr
’Anrsnm) L@9 G]qu]qc Atrhmdrr Rbgnnk Oqdrr) 1//1() 007- V]qqdm F- Admmhr ]mc Qnadqs I- Sgnl]r) zBqtbhakdr ne Kd]cdq,
rgho)– GWquWqc Atrhmdrr Pduhdv) ’1//3(9 04108- Admmhr ]mc Sgnl]r) Fddjr Wmc Fddydqr) 031/- Admmhr ]mc Sgnl]r) zBqtbhakdr ne Kd]cdqrgho)– 044
10- Admmhr ]mc Sgnl]r) Fddjr Wmc Fddydqr) 06fl07
11- Hahc-) 83-07
12- Cnqqhr Jd]qmr Fnncvhm) Mn NqchmWqx Shld ’Mdv Xnqj9 Rhlnm
Rbgtrsdq) 0883() 0613- M]rrhq Fg]dlh) : Ehqrs,PWsd LWcmdrr6 Tmbnudqhmf sgd Ihmjr
adsvddm IdWcdqrgho Wmc LdmsWk Hkkmdrr ’Mdv Xnqj9 Odmfthm Oqdrr)
1/00(-
335
ATRHMDRR @MC RNBHDSX QDUHDV
14- Qhbg]qc Rsdmfdk) Mdkrnm LWmcdkW ’Mdv Xnqj9 Bqnvm Otakhrgdqr)
1/0/() 12015- Hahc-) 1/016- Hahc-) 1/117- Hahc-) 12518- A]qa]q] Jdkkdql]m) AWc IdWcdqrgho ’Anrsnm) L@9 G]qa]qc Atrh,
mdrr Rbgnnk Oqdrr) 1//3() 112/- Hahc-) 12-