NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Experiment No: 4 MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE FULL CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER FED SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTOR 4.1 Objective 4.2 Steps to create modeling by using MATLAB/SIMULINK 4.3 Procedure 4.4 observation table 4.5 Result 4.6schematic diagrams 4.1 OBJECTIVE: Modelling and simulation of single phase full controlled Bridge rectifier fed separately excited dc motor 4.2 STEPS TO CREATE MODELING BY USING MATLAB/SIMULINK: Components AC Voltage Source Tool Box / Library browser Sim power Systems / Electrical sources Block parameters AC voltage source Peak Amplitude(v) =230*sqrt(2) Phase(deg) =0 Frequency(Hz) =50 Thyristors (T1, T2, T3 &T4) Simpower Systems / Power Electronics Thyristor (4 numbers) Default Repeating Sequence(R1) Simulink / Sources Repeating Sequence Time Values = [0 0.01 0.01 0.02] Output Values = [0 5 0 0] Repeating Sequence(R2) Simulink / Sources Repeating Sequence Time Values = [0 0.01 0.02 0.02] Output Values = [0 0 5 0] Constant Simulink / Sources Constant (2 numbers) Constant Value=1 (For Control Voltage) Constant Value = 200 (For Torque) Fourier Simpower Systems/Extra Library/Measurements Load Simpower Systems / Elements Series RLC Branch Resistance(Ohm) =10 Inductance(H) =8e-03 Capacitance(F) =inf DC Motor Simpower Systems / Machines DC Machine Default Discrete Mean Value Simpower Systems / Extra Library / Discrete Discrete Mean Fundamental Frequency = 50 Value (Remaining Parameters Default) Fundamental Freq : 50 Harmonic: 0 Page 1 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Measurements Relational Operator 4.3 Simulink /Math Operations Relational Operator (2 numbers) Greater than or equal to (>=) PROCEDURE: 1. Click on File NewModel. 2. On resulting window click on library Browser, a Simulink library browser will appear. 3. Make/Model the circuit by placing all its Blocks from its corresponding Library/toolbox, which is clearly shown in the table 1. Right click on the block to rotate mirror etc. to organize the circuit elements. 4. To change the circuit parameters applicable to the block by double clicking on the block/element and type the values. Keep the values default for some blocks like thyristor,diodes, mosfet etc. 5. To measure/observe the voltage across or current passes through the electrical block/device, connect voltage measurement or current measurement blocks respectively with the electrical block, it is available on the library Sim power System/measurement. 6. To observe the waveform in figure window, scope block is connected with voltage measurement and current measurement blocks. This scope block is available by click on Library browsersimulink/sourcescope. 7. Make the connections as per the schematic diagram 1. 8. Set the control voltage Vc( Constant block in simulink diagram) (Range within 0 – 5) 9. Vary the torque of the DC machine (Constant block in simulink diagram) and run the Simulation for 5 secs. 10. After 5 secs note the speed of the DC machine and record it in the table 1. 11. Repeat steps 9 and 10 for some 8 values of load torque. 12. Repeat the above steps for various values of Vc Steps to simulating the circuit by using MATLAB/SIMULINK: 1. After correcting all floating node errors start by creating a simulation. 2. Click on simulationconfiguration parameters and make sure that solver option is‘ode23tb’, it is essential when circuit contains power system or power electronics tools.And the stop time value should be 5/50 for 50Hz supply frequency for five cycles. For‘n’ number of cycles, stop time would be n*(1/50) for 50Hz supply, where n=1, 2, 3….and also set Max Step Size to 1e-5 and Min Step Size to 1e-6. Page 2 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 3. To run the simulation, select simulation start. 4. If any errors are reported here. Correct schematic or the simulation settings and re-run simulation. 5. To view simulation plots on simulation window, double click the scope in the schematic.The scope block corresponding to voltage measurement and current measurement blocks gives voltage and current waveforms respectively with respect to time. 4.4 OBSEVATION TABLE TABLE 1: For Average Load Voltage of Vdc=_______________(Vc= 0V). Sl no Control Voltage Firing Angle (α) Speed in RPM Torque in Nm 50 75 100 125 150 TABLE 2: For Average Load Voltage of Vdc=_______________(Vc= 1V). Sl no Control Voltage Firing Angle (α) Speed in RPM Torque in Nm 50 75 100 125 150 TABLE 3 For Load Voltage of 45 Nm. Sl no Control Voltage Firing Angle (α) Speed in RPM Average Load Voltage 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Page 3 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 4.5 RESULT: The model of single phase full wave controlled bridge rectifier fed with separately excited DC motor is created and simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the corresponding waveforms are observed. 4.6 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM: 1 SINGLE PHASE FULL CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER FED WITH DC SEPERATELY EXCITED MOTOR Page 4 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Experiment No: 5 PULSE WIDTH MODULATION PULSES 5.1 Objective 5.2Theory 5.3 Generation of PWM Pulses by using MATLAB /simulink 5.4 Simulation results 5.1 OBJECTIVE: To generate PWM Pulses for three phase circuit, six switches by using MATLAB/Simulink 5.2 THEORY PWM is the most popular method of controlling the output voltage and this method is termed as Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Control. The advantages possessed by PWM techniques are as under: (i) The output voltage control with this method can be obtained without any additional components. (ii) With the method, lower order harmonics can be eliminated or minimized along with its output voltage control because low order harmonics cause large distortions of the current wave.. As higher order harmonics can be filtered easily, the filtering requirements are minimized. PWM inverters are quite popular in industrial applications. PWM techniques are characterized by constant amplitude pulses. The width of these pulses is however modulated to obtain inverter output voltage control and to reduce its harmonic content. The PWM principle is to control the output voltage. The different PWM techniques are as under: (a) Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (b) selected harmonic elimination PWM (c) Minimum ripple current PWM (d) Space vector PWM (e) Random PWM (f) Hysteresis band current control PWM Page 5 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (g) Sinusoidal PWM with instantaneous current control (h) Delta modulation (i) Sigma –delta modulation PWM techniques are classified on the basis of voltage or current control, fee forward or feedback methods, carrier or non-carrier based control, etc. SINUSOIDAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (SPWM) Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique is to generate pulses .it is used to compare the three-phase sinusoidal voltages with the triangular voltage as shown in Fig. 1 5.3 SIMULINK MODEL OF SPWM TECHNIQUE: Page 6 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 5.3 Simulink model of PWM Pulses by using MATLAB /Simulink 1 Constant 1 1 Out1 12:34 1 Digital Clock Gain sin >= Convert Product Trigonometric Function 1 Relational Data Type Conversion Operator NOT Convert 2 4 Out2 Logical Data Type Conversion3 Operator1 1 Constant1 3 12:34 Digital Clock1 1 Gain1 sin Trigonometric Function1 >= Convert Product1 3 Out3 3 RelationalData Type Conversion1 Operator1 NOT 2*pi/3 Convert 4 6 Out4 Logical Data Type Conversion4 Operator Constant3 1 Constant2 5 5 Out5 12:34 Digital Clock2 1 Gain2 2*pi/3 sin Trigonometric Function2 >= Product2 Convert 5 Relational Data Type Conversion2 Operator2 Repeating Sequence NOT Convert 2 Logical Data Type Conversion5 Operator2 Constant4 5.4 Results A PWM circuit was modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and analyzed circuit waveforms. Page 7 of 18 6 Out6 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Experiment No: 6 SIMULATION OF A BUCK REGULATOR 6.1 Objective 6.2 Circuit diagram 6.3 Modeling and simulation of buck regulator circuit using MATLAB /simulink 6.4 Simulation results 6.1 OBJECTIVE: To model and simulate the buck regulator using MATLAB/Simulink and observe following waveforms (a) Voltage across inductor (b) Current through inductor (c) Current through capacitor (d) Load Voltage 6.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: Fig: 1 Simulink Model of buck regulator 6.3 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF BUCK REGULATOR CIRCUIT USING MATLAB/SIMULINK: Page 8 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING A basic circuit for the simulation of buck regulator circuit using MATLAB/Simulink is shown in fig.1 Following steps are to be followed for analyzing and modeling the buck regulator circuit. Step 1: Enter “simulink” in the MATLAB command window to open the simulink library browser or click simulink button in the MATLAB toolbar. Step 2: Select File > New > Model in the simulink library browser to create a new model or press Ctrl+N. An empty model window is opened and it can be saved by selecting File > Save in the model window. Step 3: Drag and replace the following building blocks from simulink library from simulink library and Sim Power Systems library to the simulink model file according to the circuit diagram. (a) Powergui block [Sim Power Systems] (b) DC Voltage source [Sim power Systems > Electrical Source] (c) Series RLC branch (configure it to R) [Sim Power Systems > Elements] (d) Series RLC branch (configure it to L) [Sim Power Systems > Elements] (e) Series RLC branch (configure it to C) [Sim Power Systems > Elements] (f) Diode [Sim Power Systems > Power Electronics] (g) Mosfet [Sim Power Systems > Power Electronics] (h) Pulse generator [Simulink > Source] (i) Voltage measurement [Sim Power Systems > Measurement] (j) Current measurement [Sim Power Systems > Measurement] (k) Scope [Simulink > Sinks] (l) Mean value [Sim Power Systems > Extra library > Measurement] (m) Display [Simulink > Sinks] Step 4: Connect the blocks according to the circuit diagram of the buck regulator circuit. Also connect required number of voltage and current measurement blocks to the scope, as shown in the fig.2 to observe the necessary waveforms. The Go to and from blocks need not be necessarily used, but it will reduce the number of connection in the circuit. Page 9 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Fig: 2 Simulink Model of buck regulator with measuring blocks Step 5: Set the program of the individual blocks. Components and specifications used in the buck regulator circuit model are: 1. DC voltage source 12 V 2. Load register, R 100 Ω 3. Inductor 20 mH 4. Capacitor, C 330 µF 5. Thyristor 6. Pulse generator 7. Diode 8. Powergui block 9. Goto and from blocks 10. Voltage measurement blocks 11. Current measurement blocks 12. Scope 13. Mean value block 14. Display The parameters of pulse generator used for MOSFET are: 1. Period (secs): 1e-3 (Select, period = 1 ms) Page 10 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 2. Pulse Width (% of period): 75 (Select, duty ratio = 0.75) 3. Phase delay (secs): 0 Note: Switching period = 1/switching frequency = 1/1 kHz = 1 milliseconds. Step 6: Since the circuit provides Dc to DC conversion, the average value of the load voltage can be calculated. For that mean value block is used and corresponding value is displayed in the display block. Double click on mean value block and enter averaging period as 0.001 seconds since switching period is selected as 1 msec. Step 7: Save the Simulink model. Run the simulation by selecting simulation > start in the model window or use simulation button in the model window toolbar. The run time can be entered and modified in the space provided in the model window tool bar. For example, run time = 0.002 seconds. Step 8: observe and note down the following waveforms by opening the scope and save the result. (a) Voltage across inductor (b) Current across inductor (c) Current through capacitor (d) Load voltage The waveforms are shown in fig.3 Also note down the average value of the load voltage from the display block. Step 9: Now adjust the duty ratio of the MOSFET and verify that the load voltage can only be varied from 0 V to supply voltage 12 V. also observe corresponding changes in the circuit waveforms. Note 1: it can be observed that the output voltage waveform has ripples. By increasing the value filter capacitor to a large value, output voltage can be kept to a constant steady value. The AC component of the inductor current is passed through the capacitor and DC component is passed through the load register. Note 2: By adjusting the value of inductance, the continuous and discontinuous operation of buck regulator can be observed. Page 11 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 6.4 SIMULATION RESULT: A buck regulator circuit was modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and analyzed circuit waveforms. Page 12 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Experiment No: 7 SIMULATION OF A BOOST REGULATOR 7.1 Objective 7.2 Circuit diagram 7.3 Modeling and simulation of boost regulator circuit using MATLAB /simulink 7.4 Simulation result 7.1 OBJECTIVE: To model and simulate a boost regulator using MATLAB/Simulink and observe the following waveforms (a) Voltage across inductor (b) Current through inductor (c) Current through capacitor (d) Load voltage 7.2 MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF BOOST REGULATOR CIRCUIT USING MATLAB/SIMULINK A basic circuit for the simulation of boost regulator circuit using MATLAB/Simulink as shown in fig. C15.1.Following steps are to be followed for analyzing and modeling the boost regulator circuit. STEPS 1: Enter “simulink” in the MATLAB command window to open the simulink library browser or click simulink button in the MATLAB toolbar. . Fig: 1 Simulink Model of Boost Regulator STEPS 2: Select FILE > NEW > Model in the simulink library browser to crete a new model or press Ctrl+N. An empty model window is opened and it can be saved by selecting File > Save in the model window. STEPS 3: Drag and place the following building blocks from simulink library and Sim Power System library to the simulink model file according to the circuit diagram. Page 13 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (a) Powergui block [ Sim Pwer System] (b) DC voltage source [Sim Power Systems > Electrical Source] (c) Series RLC branch (configure it to R) [Sim Power System > Elements] (d) Series RLC branch (configure it to L) [Sim Power System > Elements] (e) Series RLC branch (configure it to C) [Sim Power System > Elements] (f) Diode [Sim Power System > Power Electronics] (g) Mosfet [Sim Power Systems > Power Electronics] (h) Pulse generator [Simulink > Source] (i) Voltage measurement [Sim Power System > Measurement] (j) Current measurement [Sim power System > Measurement] (k) Scope [Simulink > Sinks] (l) Mean value [Sim Power System > Extra library > Measurement] (m) Display [Simulink > Sinks] (n) From [Simulink > Signal Routing] (o) Goto [Simulink > Signal Routing] STEPS 4: Connect the blocks according to the circuit diagram of the boost regulator circuit. Also connect required number of voltage and current measurement blocks to the scope, as shown in fig. C15.2, to observe the necessary waveforms. The Goto and from blocks need not be necessarily used, but it will reduce the number of connections in the circuit. Page 14 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Fig: 2 Simulink Model of boost regulator with measuring blocks STEPS 5: Set the parameters of the individual blocks. Components and specifications used in the boost regulator circuit model are: 1. DC voltage source 12 2. Load resistor, R 100 Ω 3. Inductor 12 mH 4. Capacitor, C 470 µF 5. MOSFET 6. Pulse generator 7. Diode 8. Powergui block 9. Goto and Form blocks 10. Voltage measurement blocks 11. Current measurement blocks 12. Scope Page 15 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 13. Mean value block 14. Display The parameters of pulse generator used for MOSFET are: 1. Period (secs): 1e-3 (Select period =1 ms) 2. Pulse Width (% of period): 40 (Select duty ratio = 0.4) 3. Phase delay (secs): 0 Note: Switching period = 1/switching frequency = 1/1 KHz = 1 milliseconds STEPS 6: Since the circuit provides DC to DC conversion, the average value of the load voltage can be calculated. For that mean value block is used and corresponding value is displayed in the display block. Double click on mean value block and enter averaging period as 0.001 seconds since switching period is selected as 1 msec. STEPS 7: Save the Simulink model. Run the simulink by selecting simulation > start in the model window or use simulation button in the model window toolbar. The run time can be entered and modified in the space provided in the model window tool bar. For example, run time = 0.02 seconds STEPS 8: Observe and note down the following waveforms by opening the scoe and save the result. 1. Voltage across inductor 2. Current through inductor 3. Current through inductor 4. Load voltage The waveforms are shown in fir C15.3. Also note down the average value of the load voltage from the display blocks. STEPS 9: Now adjust the duty ratio of the MOSFET and verify that the load voltage obtained is dreater than or equal to the supply voltage 12 V . Also observe corresponding changes in the circuit waveforms. Note 1: The ripples in the load voltage waveform can be reduced by choosing a large value of filter capacitor. The AC components of the diode current are passed through the capacitor and DC components is passed through the load resistor. Page 16 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Note 2: By adjusting the value of inductance, the continuous and discontinuous operation of boost regulator can be observed. Note 3: It can be observed, from the capacitor current waveform, that during ON time of the switch, diode does not conduct and capacitor is negative, i.e. the capacitor discharge its energy to the load during ON time of the switch. During the OFF time of the switch, the diode starts to conduct and the capacitor gets charged, i.e. during this period, the AC component of the diode current is passed through the capacitor and DC component is passed through the load resistor. During the ON time, only DC components are passed through the load since capacitor discharge its energy. 7.3 SIMULATION RESULT A boost regulator circuit was modelled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and analyzed circuit waveforms. Page 17 of 18 NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Page 18 of 18