Exp 2.1a) The floor of the white house consists of many squares and rectangle. Tom
wants to name single function of different perspective to calculate the area of
squares and rectangle. Help tom to achieve his objective by means of polymorphism.
Aim: Program to illustrate polymorphism
Algorithm:
Step1: create a class named rectangle
Step2: Input length and breadth
Step3: create a function area
Step4: calculate area =length x breadth
Step5: return the value area
Step6: create a class square
Step7: Input side value
Step8: create a function area
Step9: calculate area =side x side
Step10: return the value area
Program:
class Rectangle:
def __init__(self, length, breadth):
self.l = length
self.b = breadth
def area(self):
return self.l * self.b
class Square:
def __init__(self, side):
self.s = side
def area(self):
return self.s ** 2
rec = Rectangle(5, 20)
squ = Square(9)
print("Area of rectangle is: ", rec.area())
print("Area of square is: ", squ.area())
output
Area of rectangle is: 100
Area of square is: 81
Exp 2.1b) Imagine a car. Its components such as steering, wheel, brake, accelerator
are all visible and can be accessed directly. Car engine was encapsulated so that we
can’t access it freely. Image these real time cirumstances develop a python program
to perform the concept of encapsulation.
Algorithm:
Step 1: create class car
Step 2: declare a variable a
Step 3: declare a variable double underscore c
Step 4: assign a= steering
Step 5: assign c=engine
Step 6: create a object ob1 for class car
Step 7: access the variable a
Step 8: access the variable double underscore c
Program:
# program to implement encapsulation
class car:
def __init__(self):
self.a = "steering-accessing normal variable"
self.__c = "engine" #double underscore before the variable makes it as private
obj1 = car()
print(obj1.a)
print("try to access private variable but is shows............error as")
print(obj1.__c) # try to access private variable
output:
steering-accessing normal variable
try to access private variable but is shows............error as
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 10, in <module>
ERROR!
AttributeError: 'car' object has no attribute '__c'
Exp 2.2a) Implement Data Abstraction and Inheritance.
Aim: Program to illustrate Data Abstraction and Inheritance
Program:
#from abc import ABC
class llgm(ABC):
#abstract
classdef calculate_area(self):
#abstract methodpass
pass
class Square(llgm):
length = 5
def Area(self):
return self.length * self.length
class Circle(llgm):
radius =4
def Area(self):
return 3.14 * self.radius * self.radius
sq = Square() #object created for the class ‘Square’
cir = Circle() #object created for the class ‘Circle’
print("Area of a Square:", sq.Area()) #call to ‘calculate_area’ method
defined inside the class ‘Square’
print("Area of a circle:", cir.Area())
Exp 2.2b
#from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
#Abstract Class
class Bank(ABC):
def bank_info(self):
print("Welcome to bank")
@abstractmethod
def interest(self):
"Abstarct Method"
pass
#Sub class/ child class of abstract class
class SBI(Bank):
def interest(self):
"Implementation of abstract method"
print("In sbi bank 5 rupees interest")
s= SBI()
s.bank_info ()
s.interest()
Exp :2.3 Differentiate Method Overloading and Overriding.
AIM: To Differentiate Method Overloading and Overriding.
ALGORITHM:
Method Overloading:
1) We create a class with one method sayHello().
2) The first parameter of this method is set to None.
3) This gives us the option to call it with or without a parameter.
4) An object is created based on the class
5) we call its method using zero and one parameter.
6) To clarify method overloading, we can now call the method sayHello() in two ways:
i)obj.sayHello()
ii)obj.sayHello('cse')
program:
class Human:
def sayHello(self, name=None):
if name is not None:
print('Hello ' + name)
else:
print('Hello ')
# Create instance
obj = Human()
# Call the method
obj.sayHello()
# Call the method with a parameter
obj.sayHello('cse')
output:
Hello
Hello cse
ALGORITHM
Method overriding:
1) created an employee class
2) which contains a message function that prints a message.
3) Next, we created a department that inherits from the Employee class.
4) Within this, we created a function with the same name message with a different print message.
5) Here, we are just overriding the message. Next, we created an Object for Employee and Department
class and calling that message function.
6) The emp object is printing a string from the Employee message function. Whereas dept.message() is a
printing test from Department.
Program:
class Employee:
def message(self):
print('This message is from Emp')
class Department(Employee):
def message(self):
print('This Department is inherited from Emp')
emp = Employee()
emp.message()
print('------------')
dept = Department()
dept.message()
output:
This message is from Emp
-----------This Department is inherited from Emp
EX.No.2.5
Aim:
Create a module called "math_operations.py" with a class called "Calculator." Import the
"Calculator" class into another script and use its methods to perform mathematical
operations..
Algorithm
Step 1: A module can contain functions, classes, and variables that can be used in other parts
of your program.
Step 2: In , the module “math_operations.py” contains a function called “add”
,”Sub”,”multiply”,divide…etc and a class called “calc”. These can be imported and used in
other Python scripts with the class calc().
Step 3: Use the add() function to work with values assigned to the function in Python
Step 4: Before use the methods , need to import the module first using import
command
Step 5: Run the code and execute the output
Program
# import math_operations.py
class calculator():
def __init__(self,a,b):
self.a=a
self.b=b
def add(self):
return self.a+self.b
def mul(self):
return self.a*self.b
def div(self):
return self.a/self.b
def sub(self):
return self.a-self.b
#from math_operations.py import add, mul, div , sub
a=int(input("Enter first number: "))
b=int(input("Enter second number: "))
obj=calculator(a,b)
choice=1
while choice!=0:
print("0. Exit")
print("1. Add")
print("2. Subtraction")
print("3. Multiplication")
print("4. Division")
choice=int(input("Enter choice: "))
if choice==1:
print("Result: ",obj.add())
elif choice==2:
print("Result: ",obj.sub())
elif choice==3:
print("Result: ",obj.mul())
elif choice==4:
print("Result: ",round(obj.div(),2))
elif choice==0:
print("Exiting!")
else:
print("Invalid choice!!")
print()
Output
Enter first number: 12
Enter second number: 12
0. Exit
1. Add
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
Enter choice: 1
Result: 24
0. Exit
1. Add
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
Enter choice: 2
Result: 0
0. Exit
1. Add
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
Enter choice: 3
Result: 144
0. Exit
1. Add
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
Enter choice: 4
Result: 1.0
0. Exit
1. Add
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
Enter choice: 0
Exiting!