Gqu`pkgit efr igfimtma mib prgkmturg `iemits3 @ihudmtfr
FT@N@IMA
?=48
Xgrv`hg Kmiuma & _mrts A`st
RF RLG F_G
F_GTM
TMRFT
RFT MIB RLG _G
_GTXFI
TXFI @@I
I HLMTNG FE
KM@IRGIMIHG MIB HMTG FE RLG WI@R3
Rl`s Kmiuma bgshr`dgs vmr`fus `ispght`fis iggbgb tf gisurg prfpgr fpgrmt`fi
fe tlg M`r @ihu `, `ihaub`in `istruht`fis efr trfudagslfft`in, tlfsg prfhgburgs
tf hlming hgrtm`i sgtt`ins wl`hl mrg ift kgit`figb `i tlg Fpgrmt`fi Kmiuma,
mib `kpfrtmit pf`its tf dgmr `i k`ib wlgi lmiba`in tlg ui`t.
Umr`fuss `ispght`fis, `ihaub`in pgr`fb`hma `ispght`fi, mrg bgshr`dgb `i bgtm`a
z Umr`fu
`i tl`s Kmiuma. Rlgy slfuab dg hmrr`gb fut fiay dy tlfsg wlf mrg euaay
emk`a`mr w`tl tlg fpgrmt`fi fe tlg ui`t, lmv`in mbgqumtg tghli`hma jifwagbng
mib sj`aas rgqu`rgb `i `ispght`in tlg ui`t.
z @e rgpm`rs sggk tf dg rgqu`rgb ms m rgsuat fe miy `ispght`fi bgshr`dgb `i tl`s Kmiuma,
g`tlgr pgrsfiiga w`tl kfrg mbvmihgb jifwagbng mib sj`aas slfuab uibgrtmjg tlg
z
rgpm`r fr yfu slfuab hfitmht yfur afhma Mtfk rgprgsgitmt`vg efr rgpm`r sgrv`hg.
GW FEE@HG
U`m A`d`m, 72 - 4??<= Mdd`mtgnrmssf
Mdd`mtgnrmssf (K@) - @t
@tmay
may
Rga3 +80 ?4 00>58=?= Emx3 +80 ?4 00>58==?
@IRTFBWHR@FI
Rl`s Xgr v`hg Kmiuma bgshr`dgs prfhgburgs efr `ispght`in, rgpm`r`in mib hlmin`in tlg sgtt`ins fe tlg M`r @ihu `.
@t masf bgshr`dgs prghmut`fis mib trfudagslfft`in `i mamrk hfib`t`fis. Rlg prfhgburgs bgshr`dgb `i tl`s Xgrv`hg
Kmiuma slfuab dg hmrr`gb fut fiay dy pgrsfiiga trm`igb `i gaghtr`h`ty mib tlg fpgrmt`fi fe tlg ui`t. Ig`tlgr
Mtfk Kgb`hma Hfrpfrmt`fi ifr `ts rgprgsgitmt`vg
r gprgsgitmt`vg w`aa dg rgspfis`dag efr tlg quma`ty mib pgrefrkmihg
pgrefr kmihg fe tlg ui`t
`e tlg ui`t slfuab ift dg lmibagb ms `istruhtgb fr `e uimutlfr`zgb pmrts slfuab dg usgb `i rgpm`rs. @t slfuab dg
iftgb tlmt miy rgspfis`d`a`ty mr`s`in erfk `ispght`in, rgpm`r`in fr hlmin`in tlg sgtt`ins fe tlg ui`t a`gs w`tl tlg
pgrsfi wlf hmrr`gb `t fut.
Tgmb tl`s Xgrv`hg Kmiuma hmrgeuaay mib emk`a`mr`zg yfursgae tlfrfunlay w`tl `ts hfitgits dgefrg `ispght`in, rgpm`r`in fr hlmin`in tlg sgtt`ins fe tlg ui`t. Jggp tl`s Kmiuma wlgrg `t `s rgmb`ay mhhgss`dag efr rgegrgihg wlgi
iggbgb.
Efr kfrg bgtm`agb `iefrkmt`fi fi `ispght`in, rgpm`r`in mib hlmin`in tlg sgtt`ins fe tlg ui`t, hfitmht yfur afhma
Mtfk rgprgsgitmt`vg.
Tgmb tlg Fpgrmt`fi Kmiuma tlfrfunlay dgefrg us`in tlg Xgrv`hg Kmiuma.
=
XMEGRP @IEFTKM
@IEFTKMR@FI
R@FI
Bge`i`t`fis fe ^mri`in @ib`hmt`f
@ib`hmt`fi
i
Rwf agvgas fe wmri`in `ib`hmt`fi mrg usgb tlrfunlfut tl`s Xgrv`hg Kmiuma & _mrts A`st mib fi tlg ui`t. Rlgy
mrg bge`igb ms efaafws.
M ^MTI@IN ift`hg `ib`hmtgs mi `ib`rghtay (pftgit`maay) lmzmrbfus s`tumt`fi wl`hl, `e ift mvf`bgb, w`aa rgsuat `i bgmtl fr sgr`fus `icury, sgr`fus bmkmng tf prfpgrty suhl ms tftma afss fe usg fe gqu`pkgit fr e`rg.
M HMWR@FI ift`hg `ib`hmtgs m lmzmrbfus s`tumt`fi wl`hl, `e ift mvf`bgb, hmi
rgsuat `i k`ifr fr kfbgrmtg `icur`gs, pmrt`ma bmkmng tf gqu`pkgit, mib
afss fe bmtm stfrgb `i hfkputgrs.
hfkputgrs.
Bge`i`t`fi fe Xykdfas
Xykdfa
〃R`tag《mib `ib`hmt`fi
Ngigrma mttgit`fi
@ib`hmtgs uispgh`e`gb ngigrma bmingr, wmri`in fr hmut`fi.
Ngigrma prfl`d`t`fi
@ib`hmtgs uispgh`e`gb ngigrma prfl`d`t`fi.
Ngigrma `istruht`fi
@ib`hmtgs uispgh`e`gb ngigrma mht`fi fi tlg pmrt fe tlg usgr.
4
Hfitgits
@IRTFBWHR@FI ........................................................... =
Z7[
Rrfudagslfft`in .............................................. 85
7-=.
_AGMXG TGMB ^@RLFWR EM@A
Z=[
Z4[
7-4. Rrfudagslfft`in ............................................. 2=
7-8. Rrfudagslfft`in ............................................. 28
_mrts @bgit`e`hmt`fi........................................... 5
=-=
-=..
Km`i dfb
dfby
y ........................................................ 5
=-4.
B`spamy .............................................................. >
Mamrks ............................................................ 85
Lfw tf Fpgrmtg tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu
7-8-=..
7-8-=
Rrfudagslf
rfudagslfft`in
ft`in ^lgi tlg Wi`t
7-8-4.
Hmiift Dg Hfitrfaagb _rfpgray ....
..........
...... 28
Rrfudagslf
rfudagslfft`in
ft`in ^lgi tlg Wi`t Bfgs
Ift Euiht`fi _rfpgray .......
.............
............
............
...... 22
Xhrggi .................................................................... <
4-=.
4-=. Lfw tf Gitgr tlg Xgrv`
Xgrv`hg
hg Kgiu ......
............
.............
......... <
4-4. Fpgrmt`in tlg Xgrv`hg Kgi
Kgiu
u Xhrggi ..........
............ 0
4-4-=..
4-4-=
Xgtt`in tlg Jgy Ha`hj Xfuib ........
...............
......... 0
4-4-4.
Xgtt`in tlg Aminumng.......
.............
............
.............
....... =?
4-4-8.
Xgtt`in tlg KH Mamrk Rlrgslfab .....
.......
.. =?
4-4-2.
Xgtt`in tlg XH Mamrk Rlrgslfab ..
........
...... ==
4-4-7.
Hlghj`in Lfw Kmiy Lfurs tlg E`atgr
Lms Dggi Wsgb ................................... ==
4-4-5.
Z5[
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit
_rfhgburgs ........................................................ 5<
5-=. Xtmib .............................................................. 5<
5-=-=
5-=-=..
Xtmib ..................................................... 5<
5-=-4.
5-=-4.
Tgpamh`in tlg L`-Afw Xtmib
Mhtumtfr ................................................. 50
Hlghj`in Lfw Kmiy Bmys tlg
5-=-8.
5-=-8.
Tgpamh`in tlg Efft Xw`thl ...........
.................
...... >=
(efr tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl mi fxyngi
hfitrfaagr).............................................. =4
5-=-2.
5-=-2.
Tgpamh`in tlg Tgamy Dfmrb efr tlg
Efft Xw`thl ........................................... >4
4-4->..
4-4->
Mamrk L`stfr
L`stfry
y ....................................... =4
5-=-7.
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n m Hmstgr .............................. >4
4-4-<.
Mbcust`in tlg ^g`nlt Kfi`tfr w`tl
5-=-5.
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg L`-Afw Hfitrfa Dfx...
..... >8
m 7 jn ^g`nlt (efr tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb
5-=->.
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg Drgmjgr ......
.............
.............
...........
..... >2
w`tl m wg`nlt kfi`tfr) .......
.............
............
............
...... =4
5-=-<.
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg _fwgr @ib`hmtfr
@ib`hm tfr......
...........
..... >2
Xgtt`in L`stfry
L`stfry......................................
...................................... =2
5-=-0.
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg Hmd`igt Hfvgr.......
.............
...... >7
4-8. Hma`drmt`in tlg Fxyngi Xgisfr.......
Xgisfr .............
............
...... =2
4-2. Hma`drmt`in
Hma`drmt` in tlg Rfuhl _miga .......
.............
............
...........
..... =7
KM@IRGIMIHG
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi .............................. =5
..................
...... >7
5-=-=?.
5-=-=
?. Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg M`r B
Bmkpgr
mkpgr ............
5-4. Lffb Mssgkday ............................................. >5
5-4-=..
5-4-=
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg Hmifpy .............
...................
...........
..... >5
5-4-4.
Tgpamh`in m Hmifpy Xghur`in
Xa`bgr ..................................................... >5
5-4-8.
8-=.
8-=. @ispght
@ispght`fi
`fi Hlghja`
Hlghja`st
st ..................................... =>
Tgpamh`in tlg Xgisfr Kfbuag
Lfabgr.................................................... >5
8-=-=
8-=-=..
8-=-4.
8-=-4.
@ispgh
@ispght`fi
t`fi Hlghja`st
Hlghja` st - Dgefrg Wsg.....
..... =>
@ispgh
@ispght`fi
t`fi Hlghja`st
Hlghja` st - Bur`in Wsg ...
..... =<
5-4-2.
Tgpamh`in m Ximp-Fpgi Mhhgss
_frt ........................................................ >>
8-=-8.
8-=-8.
@ispgh
@ispght`fi
t`fi Hlghja`st
Hlghja` st - Metgr Wsg ..
........
...... =0
5-4-7.
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n mi Mbk`ttmihg _miga ..
........
...... >>
8-=-2.
8-=-2.
Euiht`fima @ispgh
@ispght`fi
t`fi .......
.............
............
.............
....... 4?
5-4-5.
Tgpamh`in mi Mbk`tt
Mbk`ttmihg
mihg _miga
8-=-7.
8-=-7.
_grefrkmihg @ispgh
@ispght`fi
t`fi ......
............
............
.........
... 48
8-=-5.
8-=-5.
Hlghj`in mib Hma`drmt`
Hma`drmt`in
in
L`ing ..................................................... ><
5-4->..
5-4->
tlg ^g`nlt Kfi`tfr .............................. 42
8-4. _gr`fb`hma Tgpamhgkgit _mrts ......
............
............
........
.. 42
Z2[
Bgtmhl`i
Bgtmhl`in
n tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg
Fxyngi Xgisfrs Lmvg Dggi Wsgb
4-4-0.
Z8[
B@XMXXGKDAP MIB TG_AMHGKGIR
8-4-=..
8-4-=
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg E`atgr ............................. 47
8-4-4.
Tgpamh`in tlg Fxyngi Xgisfr ....
..........
...... 45
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n mi Mbk`ttmihg _miga Mx`s
Xa`bgr ..................................................... ><
5-4-<.
Tgpamh`in mi Mbk`tt
Mbk`ttmihg
mihg _miga
Fpgrmt`in Jifd ................................... >0
5-4-0.
Tgpamh`in tlg Mbk`ttmihg _miga
Hagmi`in mib B`s`ieght`fi .......................... 4<
Fpgrmt`in Agvgr ................................... <?
2-=.
2-=. Lffb Mssgkday ............................................. 40
5-8. Km`i Dfby ...................................................... <?
2-4. Kmttrgss _amtefrk mib @is`bg fe
5-8-=..
5-8-=
Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t ....
..........
...... <?
@ihudmtfr ........................................................ 8=
2-8. Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr........................................ 82
2-2. Ftlgrs ............................................................. 87
Bgtmhl`
Bgtmhl`in
in tlg Wppgr _mrt fe tlg Km`i
5-8-4.
Tgpamh`in tlg Xtgmk Nmtg...........
.................
...... <4
5-8-8.
Tgpamh`in tlg Lgmtgr
5-7-<.
Tgpamh`in tlg Duttfi Dmttgry efr
(efr Km`i Dfby) .................................... <4
B`spamy ................................................ =?4
5-8-2.
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg Emi Kftfr ......
............
............
........
.. <8
5-5. Kmttrgss _amtefrk Wi`t................................ =?8
5-8-7.
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg L`nl Rgkpgrmt
gkpgrmturg
urg
5-5-=..
5-5-=
Xgisfr ................................................... <2
Tgpamh`in tlg Dmdy Numrb/Dmdy
Numrb (X`bg)....................................... =?8
Tgpamh`in tlg Amthl .......................... =?8
5-8-5.
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg _fwgr Xfurhg Dfx
Hfvgr ..................................................... <2
5-8->..
5-8->
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg Hfitrfa Dfx Hfvgr......
...... <7
@IEFTKMR@FI
5-8-<.
Tgpamh`in tlg X`bg Lffb E`x`in
Z>[
Gaghtr`hma Dafhj B`mnrmk...........................=?2
Z<[
^`r`in B`mnrmk ..............................................=?7
Jifd ...................................................... <5
5-8-0.
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg _fwgr Xw`thl ........
..............
...... <>
5-5-4.
5-8-=?. Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg Bgtght`fi Dfmrb .........
......... <>
<-=.
<-=. Br`vg Wi`t ..................................................... =?7
5-8-==. Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg R`at`in Wi`t ......
............
............
........ <<
<-4. Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i D
Dfby
fby ..........
..............
.... =?5
5-8-=4. Tgpamh`in tlg _
_fs`t`fi
fs`t`fi Bgtght`fi
<-8. Afwgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby ..........
..............
.... =?>
<-2. _gr`plgrma Wi`ts ........................................... =?<
Dfmrb (K`bbag Dfmrb Bgtght`fi) ..
........
...... <<
5-8-=8. Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg E
E`atgr
`atgr Cf`it ......
............
............
........
.. <0
5-8-=2. Tgpamh`in tlg L
Luk`b`ty
uk`b`ty Hlmkdgr
Hfvgr _mhj`in ...................................... <0
Z0[
0-=.
0-=. E`n-= Km`i Dfby mib Mhhgssf
Mhhgssfr`gs
r`gs ........
............
.... ==?
0-4. E`n-4 B`spamy ................................................ ==4
0-8. E`n-8 Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr............................ ==2
Hrmbag.................................................... <0
5-8-=5. Tgpamh`in tlg L
Luk`b`ty
uk`b`ty Hlmkdgr
0-2. E`n-2 Kmttrgss _amtefrk
_amtefr k.............................. ==5
0-7. E`n-7 Wppgr X
Xght`fi
ght`fi fe tlg Km`i
Hfvgr ..................................................... 0?
Dfby = .......................................................... ==<
0-5. E`n-5 Wppgr X
Xght`fi
ght`fi fe tlg Km`i
Dfmrb (efr Bgtght`in tlg Df`agr
Hmp) ....................................................... 0=
5-8-=<. Tgpamh`in tlg H
Hfitrfa
fitrfa _
_fwgr
fwgr
Dfby 4 .......................................................... =4?
0->.
0->.
E`n-> Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i
Dfby 8 .......................................................... =44
Rrmisefrkgr .......................................... 0=
0-<. E`n-< Af
Afwgr
wgr X
Xght`fi
ght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby ...
..... =4
=42
2
5-2. _fwgr Xfurhg _mrt ........................................ 04
0-0. E`n-0 _fwgr Wi`t ......................................... =45
5-2-=..
5-2-=
............
............
...... 04
Tgpamh`in tlg Km`i Dfmrb ......
0-=?. E`n-=? _uasg Fx`kgtgr (Kms`kf) ..........
..............
.... =4<
5-2-4.
Tgpamh`in tlg Dmttgry efr tlg _fwgr
............
..........
.... =8?
0-==
0-==. E`n-== _uasg Fx`kgtgr (Iga
(Igaahfr)
ahfr) ......
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g Mamr
Mamrk
k ........................................ 08
0-=4. E`n-=4
E`n-=4 Wppgr mib Afwgr Xght`fis fe tlg
5-2-8.
Tgpamh`in tlg Lgmtgr Hfitrfa Dfmrb
Km`i Dfby mib E`atgr Hmsg ......
.............
.............
...........
..... =84
w`tl Eusg...............................................
Eusg............................................... 02
0-=8. E`n-=8 Hmd`igt Xtmib ................................. =82
5-2-2.
5-2-7.
Tgpamh`in tlg MH @iagt ......
.............
.............
...........
..... 07
Tgpamh`in tlg Duzzgr
Duzzgr......
.............
.............
............
........ 07
0-=2. E`n-=2 L`nl-Afw Xtmib .............................. =85
5-2-5.
Tgpamh`in tlg If`sg E`atgr............
..................
...... 05
5-2->..
5-2->
Tgpamh`i
Tgpamh`in
n tlg Eusg ............................. 0>
5-2-<.
Tgpamh`in tlg @isuamt`in Xudstrmtg
efr XpF4 Wi`t ........................................ 0>
5-7. B`spamy Wi`t .................................................... 0<
5-7-=..
5-7-=
Bgtmhl`i
Bgtmhl`in
n tlg Tgmr _miga erfk tlg
Erfit _miga ........................................... 0<
5-7-4.
Tgpamh`in tlg Xpgmjgr .......
.............
............
..........
.... 0<
5-7-8.
Tgpamh`in tlg B`spamy Mttmhlkgit...
..... 00
5-7-2.
Tgpamh`in tlg Tgmr _miga ......
............
..........
.... =??
5-7-7.
Tgpamh`in tlg AHB B`spamy..........
..............
.... =?=
5-7-5.
Tgpamh`in tlg AHB B`spamy
Dfmrb ................................................... =?=
5-7->..
5-7->
Tgpamh`in tlg Erfit _miga......
_miga ............
..........
.... =?4
K
M
@
I
R
G
I
M
I
H
G
_mrts A`st ..........................................................=?0
5-8-=7. Tgpamh`in tlg L
Luk`b`ty
uk`b`ty Hlmkdgr
5-8-=>.. Tgpamh`in tlg _fs`t`fi Bgtght`fi
5-8-=>
_
A
G
M
X
G
T
G
M
B
^
@
R
L
F
W
R
E
M
@A
M__GIB@\
B
@
X
M
X
X
G
K
D
A
P
M
I
B
T
G
_
A
M
H
G
K
G
I
R
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
Z=?[ Rghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi .................................=8<
=?-=.. Rghli
=?-=
Rghli`hm
`hmaa Bmtm ............................................. =8<
=?-4. GKH Agvga mib Hamss`e`hmt`fi .............
...................
...... =28
Z==[ B`spfsma ............................................................=2>
M
_
_
G
I
B
@\
_mrts @bgit`e`hmt`fi
Z=[ _mrts @bgit`e`hmt`fi
=-=.
Km`i dfby
C Dmhj





   









Erfit








Tgmr




u
L`nl-Afw stmib typg
Hmd`igt stmib typg
If.
5
Imkg
If.
Imkg
B`spamy
B`spamy pfag
Xgisfr kfbuag
Mbk`ttmihg pmiga fpgrmt`in jifd
Mbk`ttmihg pmiga
Ximp-fpgi mhhgss pfrt
Kmttrgss
Kmttrgss pamtefrk t`at`in jifd
Brmwgr (fpt`fi)
Hmstgr
Efft sw`thl
Lmibag (fpt`fi)
Luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hfvgr
_fwgr sw`thl
Xj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg hfiight`in pfrt =
Xj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg hfiight`in pfrt 4
Hfiightfr efr sgisfr kfbuag
Hfiightfr efr XpF4 (fpt`fi)
E`atgr hfvgr
_fag lffj
Hfiightfr efr b`spamy
MH `iagt
Mbk`ttmihg
pmigasa`bgrs
fpgrmt`in agvgr
Hmifpy sghur`in
@r`s mhhgss pfrt
Rudg `itrfbuht`fi sa`t pmhj`in
Hfiightfr
Hfrb hagmt efr wg`nlt kfi`tfr
Fxyngi suppay pfrt =
Fxyngi suppay pfrt 4 (fpt`fi)
Hmd`igt
Iftg33  Hfiightfr efr XpF4 `s mi mvm`amdag fpt`fi.
Iftg
 Fxyngi suppay pfrt 4 `s mvm`amdag fiay fi tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr.
_mrts @bgit`e`hmt`fi
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C Kmttrgss pamtefrk/@is`bg














(efr tlg ui`t prfv`bgb w`tl
m wg`nlt kfi`tfr)

If.

Imkg
Rudg `itrfbuht`fi sa`t pmhj`in
Dmdy
numrb
Kmttrgss
Kmttrgss pamtefrk
\-rmy hmssgttg trmy
Kmttrgss pamtefrk trmy
K`bbag dfmrb
Lgmtgr
Emi hfvgr
Emi
^
^g`nlt
g`nlt kfi`tfr ui`t
Rrmy efr wg`nlt kfi`tfr
^
^g`nlt
g`nlt kfi`tfr kfbuag

B`spamy
=-4.



If.
Imkg
Mamrk amkp
Fpgrmt`fi pmiga
_fwgr em`aurg mamrk `ib`hmtfr
Hfiightfr efr tlg km`i dfby
@/F pfrt
(gxtgrima hfkkui`hmt`fi hfiightfr)
C Tgmr


>
Lfw tf Fpgrmtg tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu Xhrggi
Z4[ Lfw tf Fpgrmtg tlg Xgrv`hg
Xgrv` hg Kgiu Xhrggi
(Rlg sgrv`hg kgiu `s ift mhhgss`dag tf frb`imry usgrs.)
4-=.
Lfw tf Gitgr tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu
(=) Rur i tlg pfwgr sw`thl FI, mib tlg km`i shrggi
w`aa dg b`spamygb. Rfuhl
, mib tlg kgiu shrggi
w`aa mppgmr.
mppgmr.
✻ Rfuhl
fi miy ftlgr shrggi, mib tlg kgiu
shrggi w`aa mppgmr.
mppgmr.
(4) Rfuhl ‑Xgrv`hg Kgiu‛ fi tlg kgiu shrggi.
(8) ^lgi tlg mhhgs
mhhgsss hfbg gitr y shrggi
shrg gi `s b`spamygb
b`sp amygb,,
tfuhl tlg iukgr`h jgys `i tlg efaafw`in frbgr3
‑8‛ ↔ ‑5‛ ↔ ‑5‛ ↔ ‑=‛.
<
Lfw tf Fpgrmtg tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu Xhrggi
(2) Rl g Xg r v` hg Kg iu sh r gg i (= /4 ) `s b` sp am yg b.
Rfuhl ZIgxt[, mib tlg Xgr v`hg Kgiu shrggi (4/4)
w`aa mppgmr. Rf rgtur i tf tlg shrggi (=/4), tfuhl
ZNf dmhj[. Rf rgturi tf tlg mhhgss hfbg gitry
shrggi, tfuhl ZNf dmhj[ fi tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu
shrggi (=/4). Rf rgturi tf tlg kgiu shrggi, tfuhl
ZNf dmhj[ fi tlg mhhgss hfbg gitry shrggi.
4-4.
Fpgrmt`in tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu Xhrggi
4-4-=.
Xgtt`in tlg Jgy Ha`hj Xfuib
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(=) Rfuh l ZJg
ZJgy
y Ha`
Ha`hj
hj Xfuib[
Xfu ib[ fi tlg Xgr v`h
v`hg
g Kgiu
Kgi u
shrggi (=/4).
(4) ^lgi tlg jgy ha`hj sfuib lms dggi b`smdagb
b`smdag b dgefrglmib, m kgssmng tf hfie`rk wlgtlgr tf gimdag
tlg jgy ha`hj sfuib w`aa mppgmr.
mppgmr. Rfuhl
, mib
tlg jgy ha`hj sfuib w`aa dg gimdagb. Rf hmihga tl`s
prfhgburg, tfuhl
. Rlg jgy ha`hj sfuib w`aa rgkm`i b`smdagb.
(8) ^lgi tlg jgy ha`hj sfuib
sfui b lms dggi gimdagb
gimd agb dgefrglmib, m kgssmng tf hfie`rk wlgtlgr tf b`smdag
tlg jgy ha`hj sfuib w`aa mppgmr.
mppgmr. Rfuhl
, mib
tlg jgy ha`hj sfuib w`aa dg b`smdagb. Rf hmihga tl`s
prfhgburg, tfuhl
. Rlg jgy ha`hj sfuib w`aa rgkm`i gimdagb.
0
Lfw tf Fpgrmtg tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu Xhrggi
4-4-4.
Xgtt`in tlg Aminumng
(=) Rfuhl ZAminumngs[
ZAminum ngs[ fi tlg Xgr v`hg Kgiu shrggi
(=/4). M a`st fe tlg aminumngs mvm`amdag efr usg fi
tlg b`spamy w`aa mppgmr. Rfuhl tlg aminumng yfu
wmit tf usg.
4-4-8.
Xgtt`in tlg KH Mamrk Rlrgslfab
(=) Rfuh
Rf uh l ZK H Ma mr k Rl r gs lf ab [ fi tl g Xg r v` hg
Kgiu shrggi (=/4).
(4) ^lgi tlg tlrgslfab lms dggi sgt tf ½8.?¿H dgefrglmib, m kgssmng tf hfie`rk wlgtlgr tf hlming `t
tf ½=.7¿H w`aa mppgmr. Rfuhl
, mib tlg tlrgslfab w`aa dg hlmingb tf ½=.7¿H. Rf hmihga tl`s prfhgburg , tfuhl
. Rlg tlrg slfab w`aa rgkm `i
½8.?¿H.
(8) ^lgi tlg tlrgslfab lms dggi sgt tf ½=.7¿H dgefrglmib, m kgssmng tf hfie`rk wlgtlgr tf hlming `t
tf ½8.?¿H w`aa mppgmr. Rfuhl
, mib tlg tlrgslfab w`aa dg hlmingb tf ½8.?¿H. Rf hmihga tl`s prfhgburg , tfuhl
. Rlg tlrg slfab w`aa rgkm `i
½=.7¿H.
=?
Lfw tf Fpgrmtg tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu Xhrggi
4-4-2.
Xgtt`in tlg XH Mamrk Rlrgslfab
(=) Rfuhl ZXH Mamrk Rlrgslfab[ fi tlg Xgr v`hg Kgiu
shrggi (=/4).
(4) ^lgi tlg tlrgslfab lms dggi sgt tf ½=.?¿H dgefrglmib, m kgssmng tf hfie`rk wlgtlgr tf hlming `t
tf ½?.7¿H w`aa mppgmr. Rfuhl
, mib tlg tlrgsl-
fab w`aa dg hlmingb tf ½?.7¿H. Rf hmihga tl`s prfhgburg , tfuhl
½=.?¿H.
. Rlg tlrg slfab w`aa rgkm `i
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(8) ^lgi tlg tlrgslfab lms dggi sgt tf ½?.7¿H dgefrglmib, m kgssmng tf hfie`rk wlgtlgr tf hlming `t
tf ½=.?¿H w`aa mppgmr. Rfuhl
, mib tlg tlrgsl-
fab w`aa dg hlmingb tf ½=.?¿H. Rf hmihga tl`s prfhgburg , tfuhl
. Rlg tlrg slfab w`aa rgkm `i
½?.7¿H.
4-4-7.
Hlghj`in Lfw Kmiy Lfurs tlg E`atgr Lms Dggi Wsgb
(=) Rfuhl ZE`atgr usgb t`kg
t`kg (l) TGXGR[ fi tlg Xgrv`hg
Kgiu shrggi (4/4).
(4) Rlg iukdgr fe lfurs efr wl`hl tlg e`atgr lms dggi
usgb sf emr mib m kgssmng tf hfie`rk wlgtlgr tf
rgsgt tlg hfuitgr w`aa mppgmr.
Rf e`i`sl tlg prfhgburg w`tlfut rgsgtt`in tlg hfuitgr, tfuhl
. Metgr rgpamh`in tlg e`atgr, tfuhl
tf rgsgt tlg hfuitgr.
==
Lfw tf Fpgrmtg tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu Xhrggi
4-4-5.
Hlghj`in Lfw Kmiy Bmys tlg Fxyngi Xgisfrs Lmvg Dggi Wsgb (efr tlg ui`t
gqu`ppgb w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr)
(=) Rfuhl ZF 4 sgisfr bmys fe usg TGXGR[ fi tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu shrggi (4/4).
(4) Rlg iukdgr fe bmys efr wl`hl tlg fxyngi sgisfrs
lmvg dggi usgb sf emr mib m kgssmng tf hfie`rk
wlgtlgr tf rgsgt tlg hfuitgr w`aa mppgmr.
mppgmr.
Rf e`i`sl tlg prfhgburg w`tlfut rgsgtt`in tlg hfuitgr, tfuhl
. Metgr rgpamh`in tlg fxyngi sgisfrs,
tfuhl
4-4->.
tf rgsgt tlg hfuitgr.
Mamrk L`stfry
(=) Rf uh l ZM am r k L` st fr y[ fi tl g X gr v` h g Kg iu
shrggi (4/4).
(4) Rlg t`kg(s)
t`kg(s ) wlgi tlg pfwgr wms tur
turigb
igb fi, tlg
t`kg(s) wlgi tlg pfwgr wms turigb fee, mib tlg
t`kg(s) wlgi mi mamrk fr mamrks fhhurrgb w`aa dg
b`spamygb.
(8) Rfuhl
4-4-<.
tf e`i`sl v`gw`in tlg mamrk l`stfry.
Mbcust`in tlg ^g`nlt Kfi`tfr w`tl m 7 jn ^g`nlt (efr tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl m
wg`nlt kfi`tfr)
✻ Fdtm`i m 7 jn wg`nlt `i mbvmihg.
✻ Dg surg tf hlming tlg ui`t fe wg`nl`in tf dg b`spamygb fi tlg shrggi tf ‑n‛ dgefrg stmrt`in tlg 7jn
mbcustkgit.
(=) Rfuhl Z^g`nl`in Xhmag 7 jn Mbcustkgit[
Mbcustk git[ fi tlg
Xgrv`hg Kgiu shrggi (4/4).
(4) M kgssmng tf hfie`rk wlgtlgr tf dgn`i mbcustkgit
fe tlg wg`nl`in shmag w`aa mppgmr. Rfuhl
. Metgr
tlg kgssmng lms b`smppgmrgb, tfuhl tlg wg`nlt
shrggi b`spamy sw`thl tf lmvg tlg wg`nlt shrggi
b`spamygb. @e yfu tfuhl
`istgmb fe
, tlg mb-
custkgit prfhgburg w`aa ift dg stmrtgb gvgi wlgi
tlg wg`nlt shrggi `s b`spamygb.
=4
Lfw tf Fpgrmtg tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu Xhrggi
(8) ^lgi tlg wg`nlt shrggi mppgmrs, ?jn mbcustkgit
w`aa dg stmrtgb. Bf ift pamhg miytl`in fi tlg dgb.
^m`t efr 7 ~ =? sghfibs
sghfib s uit`a tlg wg`nlt rgmb`in
rgmb` in
stmd`a`zgs.
(2) Metgr tlg wg`nlt rgmb`in lms stmd`a`zgb, tfuhl
,
mib m kgssmng ‑^`tl tlg ^g`nlt _amhgb, Rfuhl tlg
Tgwg`nl sw`thl‛ w`aa mppgmr. _amhg m 7 jn stmibmrb
wg`nlt ngitay fi tlg hgitgr fe tlg dgb mib wm`t efr
7 ~=? sghfibs uit`a tlg wg`nlt rgmb`in stmd`a`zgs.
(7) Metgr tlg wg`nlt rgmb`in lms stmd`a`zgb, tfuhl
Tgwg`nl
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mib tlg 7jn mbcustkgit w`aa dg hfkpagtgb.
(5) @e m kgssmng ‑Tgpgmt tlg mbcustkgit‛ slfuab mppgmr, rgturi tf tlg ?jn mbcustkgit.
^`tl iftl`in pamhgb fi tlg dgb, wm`t efr 7 ~ =? sghfibs uit`a tlg wg`nlt rgmb`in stmd`a`zgs. Rfuhl
, mib tlg kgssmng ‑^`tl tlg ^g`nlt _amhgb,
Rfuhl tlg Tgwg`nl sw`thl‛ w`aa mppgmr. _amhg
_a mhg tlg
7 jn stmibmrb wg`nlt ngitay fi tlg hgitgr fe tlg
dgb mib wm`t efr 7 ~=? sghfibs. Rlgi rgpgmt (7)
tf hfkpagtg tlg 7jn mbcustkgit suhhgsseuaay.
=8
Lfw tf Fpgrmtg tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu Xhrggi
4-4-0.
Xgtt`in L`stfry
(=) Rf
Rfuh
uh l ZX gt t` in L` st fr y[ fi tl g Xg r v` hg Kgiu
Kg iu
shrggi (4/4).
(4) M a`st fe tlg bmtg mib t`kg wlgi tlg sgtt`ins wgrg
bfig mib tlg bgtm`as fe tlg sgtt`ins w`aa dg b`spamygb.
(8) Rfuhl
4-8.
tf e`i`sl v`gw`in tlg mamrk l`stfry.
Hma`drmt`in tlg Fxyngi Xgisfr
(=) Wiafhj tlg sgisfr kfbuag dy puaa`in `t sa`nltay tfwmrb yfu wl`ag prgss`in tlg agvgr. _uaa tlg sgisfr
Agvgr
kfbuag maa tlg wmy fut w`tlfut rgkfv`in `t erfk
tlg lffb.
Xgisfr kfbuag
(4) Rlg hma`dr
hma `dr mt`
mt`in
in tlg fxy ngi sgisfr
sgi sfr kgssmn
kgs smng
g mppgmrs `i tlg kgssmng mrgm mib tlg 4=% hma`drmt`fi
`s `i`t`mtgb dy tlg fxyngi sgisfr.
^lgi
^lg
i hma`dr
hma `drmt`
mt`fi
fi `s hfkpag
hfk pag tg, tlg kgssmn
kgs smng
g ‑F 4
sgisfr hma`drmtgb‛ mppgmrs.
_usl tlg sgisfr kfbuag dmhj `itf tlg km`i dfby.
z
Dg surg tf pgrefrk tlg 4=% hma`drmt`fi wl`ag if
fxyngi `s usgb dgefrg us`in tlg ui`t efr m igw pmt`git (dgefrg b`s`ieght`fi). @e tlg 4=% hma`drmt`fi `s
pgrefrkgb wl`ag fxyngi `s dg`in suppa`gb tf tlg
`ihudmtfr fr metgr `t `s suppa`gb tf `t, fxyngi `is`bg
tlg lffb w`aa agmj mib kmy meeght
meeght tlg hma`drmt`fi.
=2
Lfw tf Fpgrmtg tlg Xgrv`hg Kgiu Xhrggi
4-2.
Hma`drmt`in tlg Rfuhl _miga
(=) Rur
Ruri
i tlg pfwgr fi mib tlg st
stmrt
mrt shrggi w`aa mppgmr.
Rfuhl tl`s shrggi tlrgg t`kgs.
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(4) M kgssmng ‑Rfuhl Xhrggi Hma`drmt`fi.
Hma`drmt`fi. _f`it tf tlg
bft‛ w`aa mppgmr. Rfuhl tlg bft b`spamygb fi tlg uppgr aget hfrigr fe tlg shrggi.
(8) Rlgi m bft w`aa dg b`spamygb fi tlg afwgr r`nlt hfrigr fe tlg shrggi.
shrggi. Rfuhl tlg bft. Rlg tfuhl pmiga
w`aa lmvg dggi hma`drmtgb suhhgsseuaay `e tlg km`i
shrggi `s b`spamygb.
=7
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
Z8[ Km`itgimi
Km`itgimihg
hg @ispght`fi
✻ Rl`s sght`fi masf `ihaubgs `iefrkmt`fi mdfut tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr,
hfitrfaagr, luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi mib tlg wg`nlt
kfi`tfr.. _agmsg sj`p miy rgegrgihg uirgamtgb tf yfur ui`t.
kfi`tfr
Kgb`hma `ist`tut`fis mrg rgspfis`dag efr pgrefrk`in tlg km`itgimihg `ispght`fis. Rlgy mrg maafwgb tf gitrust tlg km`itgimihg `ispght`fis fe tlg ui`t tf mi mpprfpr`mtg gxtgrima hfitrmhtfr.
Hagmi mib b`s`ieght tlg ui`t mib `ts mhhgssfr`gs dgefrg km`itgimihg `ispght`fis, rgpm`rs, fr
b`spfsma.
Km`itgimihg sgrv`hg slfuab dg pgrefrkgb prfpgray dy m quma`e`gb pgrsfi `i mhhfrbmihg w`tl
tl`s Xgrv`hg Kmiuma.
C _rghmut`fis
_rghmut`fis `i pgrefrk`in km`itgimihg `ispght`fis
=. ^lgi yfu hlffsg tf lmvg tlg ui`t km`itm`igb mib `ispghtgb
`ispghtgb fr wlgi tlg ui`t `s efuib tf dg `i iggb fe rgpm`rs erfk tlg rgsuats fe `ispght`fi, hfisuat yfur afhma Mtfk rgprgsgitmt`vg mib tmjg fig fe tlg efaafw`in
kgmsurgs.
=) Msj sfkgfig wlf lms hfkpagtgb m trm`i`in hfursg spgh`e`gb dy Mtfk mib wlf lms suee`h`git tghli`hma
jifwagbng mib sj`aas tf bf tlg wfrj.
4) Msj Mtfk tf sgib `ts sgrv`hg gin`iggr `e m pgrsfi wlf lms hfkpagtgb m trm`i`in hfursg spgh`e`gb dy
Mtfk mib wlf lms suee`h`git tghli`hma jifwagbng mib sj`aas `s ift mvm`amdag.
8) Msj Mtfk efr `ts mpprfvma fe rgturi`in tlg ui`t efr rgpm`r sgrv`hg.
4. Tgmb tlg fpgrmt`in prghmut`fis tlfrfunlay dgefrg fpgrmt`in tlg ui`t.
8. _gr`fb`hma `ispght`fi `s iggbgb tf usg tlg ui`t `i tlg fpt`kuk
fpt`kuk hfib`t`fi.
2. Gisurg tlmt tlg ui`t
ui`t w`aa ift dg usgb `e `t `s efuib
efuib tf dg bgeght`vg.
Rmjg prfpgr kgmsurgs tf gisurg tlmt m bgeght`vg ui`t w`aa ift dg usgb dy k`stmjg dgefrg `t `s prfpgray `ispghtgb, rgpm`rgb mib lms `ts sgtt`ins hlmingb efr ifrkma
ifr kma fpgrmt`fi. Xuhl kgmsurgs `ihaubg `ib`hmt`in fi
tlg ui`t tlmt `t `s uibgr `ispght`fi/rgpm`r mib jggp`in `t mwmy erfk ftlgr bgv`hgs tlmt euiht`fi hfrrghtay.
@i frbgr tf usg tlg ui`t smegay efr m afingr pgr`fb, pgrefrk tlg km`itgimihg `ispght`fis bgshr`dgb dgafw.
z
@ispght`fi dgefrg usg
Hlghj tlg dms`h euiht`fima fpgrmt`fi fe gmhl pmrt fe tlg ui`t gvgry t`kg dgefrg, bur`in, mib metgr usg.
z
_gr`fb`hma `ispght`fi
@ispght`fis slfuab dg hmrr`gb fut mpprfx`kmtgay fihg m ygmr. Hfitmht yfur afhma Mtfk rgprgsgitmt`vg efr
pgr`fb`hma `ispght`fi.
z
_gr`fb`hma Tgpamhgkgit _mrts
Xfkg pmrts iggb tf dg rgpamhgb pgr`fb`hmaay bgpgib`in fi tlg`r pgr`fb fe usg.
=5
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
@ispght`fi Hlghja`st
Hlghja`st
8-=.
Jggp tl`s Kmiuma `i m afhmt`fi tlmt `s rgmb`ay mhhgss`dag slfuab miy prfdagks fhhur fi tlg
ui`t.
@e miy prfdagks mrg bgtghtgb bur`in miy `ispght`fi, `ib`hmtg fi tlg ui`t tlmt `t `s fut fe frbgr,
mrrming rgpm`rs w`tlfut em`a, mib bf ift usg tlg ui`t uit`a `t lms dggi rgpm`rgb. Hfitmht yfur afhma Mtfk rgprgsgitmt`vg
rgprgsgitmt`vg efr eurtlgr
eur tlgr `iefrkmt`fi fi rgpm`rs.
Rlg `ispght`fi hlghja`st dgefrg usg `s usgb tf hmrry fut mi fpgrmt`fi hlghj dgefrg us`in tlg
ui`t. @i frbgr tf km`itm`i tlg hagmia`igss fe tlg `itgr`fr fe tlg `ihudmtfr, `t bfgs ift hfitm`i miy
`tgks `ivfav`in hlghj`in fe tgkpgrmturg, luk`b`ty,
luk`b`ty, fr fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi hfitrfa euiht`fis. @e
miy prfdagks mrg bgtghtgb `i rgamt`fi tf miy fe tlg hfitrfa euiht`fis bur`in usg, `ib`hmtg fi tlg
ui`t tlmt `t `s fut fe frbgr mib bf ift usg tlg ui`t uit`a `t lms dggi rgpm`rgb.
8-=-=.
@ispght`fi Hlghja`st - Dgefrg Wsg
Bgv`hg Imkg
M`r @ihu `
Bmtg fe
@ispght`fi
Xgr`ma If.
If.
K
M
@
I
R
G
I
M
I
H
G
@ispghtfr
@ispght`fi
@tgk tf hlghj
Pgs/If
(=) Mrg tlgrg miy mppgmrmihg-rgamtgb mdifrkma`t`gs6
(4) Hmi tlg hmstgrs dg sghurgay afhjgb6
=
Km`i dfby
(8) ^lgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmigas mib simp-fpgi mhhgss pfrts mrg euaay
hafsgb, bf tlgy stmy afhjgb `i pamhg wlgi tlgy mrg puslgb erfk
tlg `is`bg6
(2) @s gmhl pmrt fe tlg ui`t hfrrghtay mssgkdagb6
(=) @s tlg pfwgr hfrb sghurgay hfiightgb6
Fpgrmt`fi
4
(4) @s `t pfss`dag tf suhhgsseuaay hfie`nurg tlg sgtt`ins efr tgkpgrmturg,
Hlghj`in efr
luk`b`ty mib fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi6
fpgrmt`fi wlgi
* Rlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi hmi dg sgt wlgi tlg ui`t `s gqu`ppgb
tlg pfwgr `s
turigb fi
w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr.
hfitrfaagr.
* Rlg luk`b`ty hmi dg sgt wlgi tlg ui`t `s gqu`ppgb w`tl m luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi.
=>
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
8-=-4.
@ispght`fi Hlghja`st - Bur`in Wsg
Bgv`hg Imkg
Bmtg fe
M`r @ihu `
@ispght`fi
Xgr`ma If.
If.
@ispghtfr
@ispght`fi
@tgk tf hlghj
(=) Mrg tlg km`i dfby mib lffb ergg fe bmkmng mib ift bgefrkgb `i
miy wmy6
(4) @s tlg pfwgr hfrb sghurgay hfiightgb6
(8) Mrg tlg hmstgrs sghurgay afhjgb6
(2) Mrg tlg mbk`ttmihg pmigas mib simp-fpgi mhhgss pfrts sghurgay
afhjgb6
=
Km`i dfby
(7) Mrg tlg m`r `iagts mib futagts ergg fe fdstmhags tlmt kmy dafhj m`r
h`rhuamt`fi6
* Hlghj tlmt if fdcghts mrg pamhgb `i miy spmhgs ftlgr tlmi tlg
kmttrgss `i tlg `ihudmtfr.
`ihudmtfr.
(5) Mrg miy fdcghts tfuhl`in tlg sgisfr kfbuag6
* Rlg sgisfr
sgisfr kfbuag
kfbuag lms
lms du`at-`i
du`at-`i tgkpgrmturg,
tgkpgrmturg, lu
luk`b`ty
k`b`ty,, mib fxyngi
fxyngi
sgisfrs. Dg surg tf hlghj tl`s `tgk tf gisurg smeg usg fe tlg ui`t .
(=) @s tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg hfitrfaagb ms spgh`e`gb6
* Dg surg tf sgt tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg mt agmst +8¿H l`nlgr
tlmi tlg mkd`git tgkpgrmturg. @e m plftftlgrmpy ui`t fr m lgmtgb
luk`b`e`gr `s usgb `i hfkd`imt`fi w`tl tlg `ihudmtfr, sgt tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg mt agmst +7¿H l`nlgr tlmi tlg mkd`git
tgkpgrmturg.
4
Fpgrmt`fi
(4) @s tlg `ihudmtfr luk`b`ty hfitrfaagb ms spgh`e`gb6 (efr tlg ui`t
gqu`ppgb w`tl m luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi)
* Hlghj tlg mkd`git luk`b`ty.
luk`b`ty. @t `s ift pfss`dag tf rgbuhg tlg `ihudmtfr luk`b`ty dgafw tlg mkd`git luk`b`ty.
(8) @s tlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi `i tlg `ihudmtfr hfitrfaagb ms spgh`e`gb6
(w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr)
* Hlghj `t wlgi mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr `s `i usg. Mvf`b hma`drmt`in
miy fe tlg fxyngi sgisfrs.
=<
Pgs/If
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
8-=-8.
@ispght`fi Hlghja`st - Metgr Wsg
Bgv`hg Imkg
M`r @ihu `
Bmtg fe
@ispght`fi
Xgr`ma If.
If.
@ispghtfr
@ispght`fi
@tgk tf hlghj
Pgs/If
(=) Mrg tlg km`i dfby mib lffb ergg fe bmkmng mib ift bgefrkgb `i
miy wmy6
(4) Mrg maa hmstgrs e`rkay kfuitgb, mib mdag tf turi skfftlay mib dg
afhjgb sghurgay6
(8) Mrg tlg mhhgss pfrt hfvgrs ergg fe bmkmng mib bgefrkmt`fi, mib mttmhlgb sghurgay tf tlg mhhgss pfrts6
(2) Mrg tlg pmhj`ins ergg fe bgtgr`frmt`fi mib mttmhlgb sghurgay6
ZRudg `itrfbuht`fi sa`t pmhj`ins mib `r`s mhhgss pfrt ermkg pmhj=
Km`i dfby
`ins[
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(7) Bf tlg fpgrmt`in jifds mib fpgrmt`in agvgrs fi tlg mbk`ttmihg
pmiga wfrj hfrrghtay tf fpgi mib hafsg tlg mbk`ttmihg pmigas6
^lgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmigas mrg euaay hafsgb, bf tlgy stmy afhjgb
`i pamhg wlgi tlgy mrg puslgb erfk tlg `is`bg6
(5) Mrg tlg prgss agvgrs fe tlg simp-fpgi mhhgss pfrts sghurgb t`nltay
mib mdag tf wfrj hfrrghtay tf fpgi mib hafsg tlg simp-fpgi mhhgss
pfrts6
^lgi tlg simp-fpgi mhhgss pfrts
pfr ts mrg euaay hafsgb, bf tlgy stmy
afhjgb `i pamhg wlgi tlgy mrg puslgb erfk tlg `is`bg6
(=) Bfgs tlg pfwgr sw`thl turi tlg pfwgr fi mib fee rga`mday6
(4) Bfgs tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk t`at`in jifd turi skfftlay6 Bfgs tlg
kmttrgss pamtefrk skfftlay t`at ms tlg jifd `s turigb6
* Hlghj tlmt tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk `s hfrrghtay sgt.
(8) @s `t pfss`dag tf suhhgsseuaay hfie`nurg tlg sgtt`ins efr tgkpgrmturg,
luk`b`ty mib fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi6
4
Fpgrmt`fi
* Rlg luk`b`ty hmi dg sgt wlgi tlg ui`t `s gqu`ppgb w`tl m luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi.
* Rlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi hmi dg sgt wlgi tlg ui`t `s gqu`ppgb
w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr.
hfitrfaagr.
* Bgpgib`in fi tlg `ispght`fi giv`rfikgit mib t`kg, hlghj tlmt
tlg ui`t fpgrmtgs stmday mhhfrb`in tf gmhl sgtt`in.
(2) @s m sfuib mamrk mht`vmtgb wlgi tlg pfwgr sw`thl `s turigb fi mib
tlg pfwgr paun `s rgkfvgb erfk tlg pfwgr futagt6
8
Fvgrmaa cubnkgit
Mrg miy mdifrkma`t`gs b`shfvgrgb metgr pgrefr
pgrefrk`in
k`in tlg mdfvg `ispght`fis6
=0
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
8-=-2.
z
Euiht`fima @ispght`fi
@ispght`in tlg dms`h euiht`fis fe tlg `ihudmtfr
(_rgpmrmt`fi =)
(=) Hfiight tlg ygaafw sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg tf tlg
sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg hfiight`in pfrt = fi tlg
Xj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg
dmhj fe tlg km`i dfby.
Rudg `itrfbuht`fi sa`t pmhj`in
Xj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg hfiight`in pfrt =
(4) Fpgi tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hfvgr.
(8) Afwgr tlg agvgr mib brmw fut tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr uit`a `t stfps lmaewmy
lmaewmy..
z
Lfab tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr w`tl dftl lmibs wlgi
tmj`in `t fut fe tlg km`i dfby dghmusg tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr `s lgmvy wlgi `t `s e`aagb w`tl wmtgr.
(Hlghj`in tlg b`spamys mib tlg mub`dag mamrk)
(2) Rur
Ruri
i fi tlg pfwgr sw`thl tf mht`vmtg ttlg
lg systgk.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg mamrk amkp hfkg fi mib bfgs tlg mub`dag mamrk sfuib `kkgb`mtgay metgr tlg pfwgr
sw`thl `s turigb fi6
@s m iukgr`hma vmaug b`spamygb fi tlg `ihudmtfr
m`r tgkpgrmturg b`spamy6
@s m iukgr`hma vmaug b`spamygb fi tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg = b`spamy6
@s m iukgr`hma vmaug b`spamygb fi tlg rgamt`vg
luk`b`ty b`spamy6
@s tlg ‑luk`b`ty hlmkdgr fee mamrk‛ `ib`hmtfr `s
fi6
Mrg tlg mamrk `ib`hmtfrs ftlgr tlmi tlg ‑luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr fee mamrk‛ `ib`hmtfr fee6
✻ B`n`tma `ib`hmt`fi `ihaubgs ‑AF^/L@NL‛ `ib`hm-
t`fi.
4?
_fwgr sw`thl
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
(Hlghj`in tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr (efr tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb
w`tl m luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi))
(7) Hafsg tlg tmij hmp sghurgay mib pamhg tlg tmij
dmhj `itf tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr w`tl tlg hmp s`bg
bfwi.
(5) _usl tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr ngitay dmhj `itf pfs`t`fi mib rm`sg tlg agvgr.
agvgr.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg ‑luk`b`ty hlmkdgr fee mamrk‛ `ib`hmtfr nf fut6
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(Hlghj`in tlg tgkpgrmturg sgtt`in fpgrmt`fi)
(>) Xgt tlg tgkpgrmturg tf 48.?¿H `i tlg kmiuma hfitrfa kfbg.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg iukgr`hma vmaug fi tlg sgt tgkpgrmturg b`spamy hlming wlgi g`tlgr sgtt`in sw`thl
(
•
) `s tfuhlgb6
(Hlghj`in tlg rgamt`vg luk`b`ty sgtt`in fpgrmt`fi (efr
tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl m luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi))
(<) Xgt tlg rgamt`vg luk`b`ty tf 07%Tl.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg iukgr`hma vmaug fi tlg sgt rgamt`vg luk`b`ty b`spamy hlming wlgi g`tlgr sgtt`in sw`thl
(
•
) `s tfuhlgb6
(Hlghj`in tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr (efr tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb
w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr))
(0) Gimdag tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr euiht`fi.
Hlghj3
@s m iukgr`hma vmaug b`spamygb fi tlg fxyngi
hfihgitrmt`fi b`spamy6
(=?) Hma`drmtg tlg fxyngi sgisfr. (Efr `iefrkmt`fi fi
lfw tf hma`drmtg mi fxyngi sgisfr, sgg ‑4-8.
‑ 4-8. Hma`drmt`in tlg Fxyngi Xgisfr‛.)
Xgisfr‛.)
Hlghj3
@s ‑4=%‛ b`spamygb fi tlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi
b`spamy metgr m wl`ag6
Agvgr
Xgisfr kfbuag
4=
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
(Hlghj`in tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg mamrk)
(==) Xgt tlg tgkpgrmturg tf 8>.7¿H `i tlg sgrvf hfitrfa
kfbg.
Xj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg
(=4) Tgkfvg tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg hfiightgb tf
tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg hfiight`in pfrt = fi
tlg dmhj fe tlg km`i dfby.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg mamrk fhhur6
Rudg `itrfbuht`fi sa`t pmhj`in
Xj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg
hfiight`in pfrt =
(Hlghj`in tlg systgk em`aurg mamrk)
(=8) Tgkfvg tlg sgisfr kfbuag hfiightfr hfiightgb tf tlg dmhj fe tlg km`i dfby.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg systgk em`aurg mamrk fhhur6
(Hlghj`in tlg pfwgr em`aurg mamrk)
(=2) Tgkfvg tlg pfwgr hfrb.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg pfwgr em`aurg mamrk `ib`hmtfr eamsl6
Bfgs tlg mub`dag mamrk sfuib6
(_rgpmrmt`fi 4)
(=7) Rur
Ruri
i fee tlg pfwgr sw`thl.
(=5) Mttmhl tlg pfwgr hfrb.
(^g`nlt kfi`tfr (tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl tlg wg`nlt kfi`tfr))
(=>) Hfiight tlg wg`nlt kfi`tfr hmdag tf tlg hfiightfr efr tlg wg`nlt kfi`tfr fi tlg dmhj fe tlg
km`i dfby.
(=<) Rur
Ruri
i fi tlg pfwgr sw`thl tf mht`vmtg ttlg
lg systgk.
(=0) Lmvg tlg wg`nlt shrggi b`spamygb.
Hlghj3
@s ‑V V V V n‛ b`spamygb fi tlg wg`nlt b`spamy mrgm6
(4?) Rfuhl
.
(4=) Rfuhl
mnm`i wl`ag m kgssmng ‑A`et up dmdy erfk kmttrgss‛ `s b`spamygb.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg tmrg bgbuht`fi prfhgss stmrt mib bfgs tlg ui`t gitgr tlg frb`imry wg`nlt kfi`tfr
kfbg6
Bfgs tlg wg`nlt rgmb`in hlming wlgi yfu pusl bfwi tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk a`nltay `i tlg frb`imry wg`nlt kfi`tfr kfbg6
(@ispght`fi hfkpagtgb)
(44) Rur
Ruri
i fee tlg pfwgr sw`thl.
z
@e miy euiht`fi `s efuib tf dg uismt`semhtfry, rgegr tf tlg ‑R
‑Rrfudagslfft`in‛
rfudagslfft`in‛ sght`fi mib pgrefrk tlg git`rg euiht`fima `ispght`fi fihg mnm`i.
44
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
8-=-7.
_grefrkmihg @ispght`fi
Gqu`pkgit rgqu`rgb3
Mi fxyngi eafwkgtgr mib mi fxyngi kfi`tfr mrg rgqu`rgb tf hlghj tlg fxyngi
fxyngi suppay.
suppay.
(_rgpmrmt`fi)
(=) Hfiight tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg tf tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg hfiight`in pfrt = fi tlg dmhj fe tlg
km`i dfby mib pamhg `t =?hk mdfvg tlg hgitgr fe tlg kmttrgss suremhg.
(4) @e tlg ui`t `s gqu`ppgb w`tl m luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi, suppay wmtgr `i tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr mib pfs`t`fi `t `i tlg km`i dfby.
(8) Rur
Ruri
i fi tlg pfwgr sw`thl tf mht`vmtg ttlg
lg systgk.
(2) @e tlg ui`t `s gqu`ppgb w`tl m luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi, sgt tlg luk`b`ty sgtt`in tf FEE.
FEE.
(7) Xgt tlg fxyngi hfitrfa tf FEE.
(Xj`i tgkpgrmturg hfitrfa)
(5)
Xgt tlg tgkpgrmturg tf 85.?¿H `i tlg sgrvf hfitrfa kfbg.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg rgmb`in fi tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg b`spamy stmd`a`zg mt 85.?½?.7¿H6
(@ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg hfitrfa)
(>)
Xgt tlg tgkpgrmturg tf 85.?¿H `i tlg kmiuma hfitrfa kfbg.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg rgmb`in fi tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg b`spamy stmd`a`zg mt 85.?½=¿H6
(Fxyngi hfitrfa (efr tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr))
(<) _grefrk tlg hma`drmt`fi prfhgburg.
(0) Xgt tlg fxyngi hfitrfa tf FI.
(=?) Xuppay fxyngi tlrfunl tlg fxyngi suppay pfrt 4.
(==) Xgt tlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi tf 2?% F4.
Hlghj3
Bfgs tlg rgmb`in fi tlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi b`spamy stmd`a`zg mt 2?½4% F 46
✻ ^lgi hlghj`in `s hfkpagtgb, sgt tlg fxyngi hfitrfa tf FEE.
FEE.
(Fxyngi suppay)
(=4) Xuppay fxyngi tlrfunl tlg fxyngi suppay pfrt = mt =?A/k`i us`in mi fxyngi eafwkgtgr.
Hlghj3
Kgmsurg tlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi w`tl mi fxyngi kfi`tfr. @s tlg rgmb`in mt agmst 57% F 46
✻ Xtfp tlg fxyngi suppay wlgi hlghj`in `s hfkpagtgb.
(Luk`b`ty hfitrfa (efr tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl m luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi))
(=8) Xgt tlg rgamt`vg luk`b`ty tf 0?%Tl.
Hlghj3
@s tlg rgmb`in fi tlg rgamt`vg
r gamt`vg luk`b`ty b`spamy 0?½8%Tl6
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Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
(@ispght`fi hfkpagtgb)
(=2) Rur
Ruri
i fee tlg pfwgr sw`thl.
z
@e miy pgrefrkmihg `s efuib tf dg uismt`semhtfry, rgegr tf tlg ‑Rrfudagslfft`in‛ sght`fi, mib pgrefrk
tlg git`rg pgrefrkmihg `ispght`fi fihg mnm`i.
8-=-5.
Hlghj`in mib Hma`drmt`in tlg ^g`nlt Kfi`tfr
Hlghj mib hma`drmtg tlg wg`nlt kfi`tfr pgr`fb`hmaay fihg m ygmr.
Efr tlg hma`drmt`fi prfhgburg, sgg ‑4-4-<.
‑ 4-4-<. Mbcust`in tlg ^g`nlt Kfi`tfr w`tl m 7 jn ^g`nlt (efr tlg ui`t
gqu`ppgb w`tl m wg`nlt kfi`tfr)‛
kfi`tfr) ‛
8-4.
_gr`fb`hma Tgpamhgkgit _mrts
_gr`fb`hma rgpamhgkgit pmrts mrg tlfsg wl`hl nrmbumaay bgtgr`frmtg mib wgmr bfwi w`tl usg. Rlgy iggb tf dg
rgpamhgb pgr`fb`hmaay `i frbgr tf km`itm`i tlg mhhurmhy mib pgrefrkmihg fe tlg ui`t mt mi mpprfpr`mtg agvga.
R`k`in fe rgpamhgkgit vmr`gs w`tl tlg ergqugihy mib hfib`t`fis fe usg.
Hfisuat yfur afhma Mtfk rgprgsgitmt`vg efr rgpamhgkgit sgrv`hgs.
_mrt imkg
_gr`fb fe usg
Tgmsfi efr rgpamhgkgit
E`atgr
8 kfitls
B`rt`igss bug tf bust fr bgeght`vg m`r h`rhuamt`fi hfitrfa bug
tf hafnn`in
Rudg `itrfbuht`fi sa`t
pmhj`in
=~4
=~4 y
yg
gmrs
Bghrgms
rgmsg
gb mm`r
`r t`nl
t`nlti
tig
gss bug
bug ttf
f drg
drgmj
mjmmng fr bgef
efrk
rkmt
mt`f
`fi
i
@r`s mhhgss pfrt pmhj`in
=~4
=~4 y
yg
gmrs
Bghrgms
rgmsg
gb mm`r
`r t`nl
t`nlti
tig
gss bug
bug ttf
f drg
drgmj
mjmmng fr bgef
efrk
rkmt
mt`f
`fi
i
Kmttrgss
=~4
=~4 ygmrs
Bghrgms
rgmsg
gb g
gam
amst
st`h
`h`t
`ty
y bug
bug tf dr
drg
gmj
mjmn
mng
gf
frr b
bg
gef
efrk
rkmt
mt`f
`fi
i
Xtgmk nmtg (Luk`b`e`hmt`fi
euiht`fi gqu`ppgb)
=~4
=~4 y
yg
gmrs
Bghrgms
rgmsg
gb mm`r
`r t`nl
t`nlti
tig
gss bug
bug ttf
f drg
drgmj
mjmmng fr bgef
efrk
rkmt
mt`f
`fi
i
Emi kftfr
8 ygmrs
Bghrgmsgb m`r h`rhuamt`fi
Emi
8 ygmrs
Bghrgmsgb m`r h`rhuamt`fi
Ximp-fpgi mhhgss pfrt
8 ygmrs
@ihfkpagtg afhj`in
Luk`b`ty hlmkdgr (Luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi gqu`ppgb)
8 ygmrs
@isuee`h`git luk`b`e`hmt`fi bug tf drgmjmng fr bgefrkmt`fi
Bghrgmsgb sgma pgrefrkmihg fe tlg pmhj`ins
Dmttgry efr pfwgr em`aurg
mamrk
2 ygmrs
Bgeg
eghht`v
t`vg pf
pfwg
wgrr em
em`a
`aur
urg
g mamrk
amrk eu
euih
iht`
t`fi
fi bug tf dmtt
dmttg
gry a`eg
a`eg
Dmttgry efr tlg b`spamy
2 ygmrs
Bgeght`vg hafhj hfitrfa bug tf dmttgr y a`eg
Fxyngi sgisfr
(w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr)
✻
U
Umr`mdag
mr`mdag bgpgib`in fi
fpgrmt`in hfib`t`fis✻
Bgeght`vg hma`drmt`fi fr bgeght`vg fxyngi hfitrfa bug tf sgisfr a`eg
Rlg fxyngi sgisfr `s m hfisukm
hfisukmdag
dag `tgk mib `ts a`eg `s meeghtgb nrgmtay dy tlg mkd`git hfib`t`fis uibgr wl`h
wl`hl
l `t `s
usgb (`.g. mkd`git tgkpgrmturg, fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi). @t `s rghfkkgibgb tf rgpamhg mi fxyngi sgisfr wlgi kfrg
tlmi fig ygmr lms pmssgb s`ihg `t wms tmjgi fut fe `ts pmhjmng.
42
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
8-4-=.
Tgpamh`in tlg E`atgr
Tgpamhg tlg fab e`atgr w`tl m igw fig gvgry tlrgg kfitls ms m ngigrma ruag. Rlg bgnrgg fe e`atgr
hfitmk`imt`fi vmr`gs w`tl tlg agvga fe m`r pfaaut`fi fr ergqugihy fe usg. Hlghj tlg e`atgr efr hfitmk`imt`fi tlrfunl tlg w`ibfw fe tlg e`atgr hfvgr. @e tlg e`atgr `s b`shfafrgb, rgpamhg `t w`tl m igw
fig gvgi `e `t lms ift dggi usgb efr tlrgg kfitls.
B`spfsg usgb e`atgrs `i mhhfrbmihg w`tl tlg bgs`nimtgb b`spfsma prfhgburg fe gmhl lfsp`tma.
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(=) Affsgi tlg shrgw fe tlg e`atgr hfvgr mib fpgi tlg
hfvgr.
E`atgr hfvgr
(4) Tgkfvg tlg hfitmk`imtgb e`atgr safway, tmj`in hmrg
ift agt bust sprgmb, mib b`spfsg fe `t.
E`atgr
(8) Hagmi tlg e`atgr lfabgr mib tlg e`atgr hfvgr us`in m
sfet haftl tlmt lms dggi sfmjgb `i m b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi mib wruin fut.
(2) Mttmhl m igw e`atgr tf tlg e`atgr lfabgr.
lfabgr.
E`atgr hfvgr
(7) Hafsg tlg e`atgr hfvgr mib t`nltgi tlg shrgw.
z
Bf ift mttgkpt tf rgusg m b`rty e`atgr dy wmsl`in `t
fr mttmhl`in `t `is`bg fut.
z
Fpgi tlg e`atgr hfvgr fiay tf rgpamhg tlg fab e`atgr
w`tl m igw fig.
✻
Rlg ui`t hfuits tlg lfurs efr wl`hl tlg e`atgr `s usgb.
usgb. ^lgi tlg t`kg
t`kg hfkgs tf rgpamhg `t,
`t, m kgssmng
mppgmrs fi tlg shrggi tf rgk`ib tlg usgr tf bf sf. Rlg kgssmng rgkm`is uiagss yfu rgsgt tlg hfuitgr
metgr tlg e`atgr `s rgpamhgb.
Wsgb ‛.
Rf rgsgt tlg hfuitgr,
hfuitgr, sgg ‑4-4-7.
‑4-4-7. Hlghj`in Lfw Kmiy Lfurs tlg E`atgr Lms Dggi Wsgb‛.
47
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
8-4-4.
Tgpamh`in tlg Fxyngi Xgisfr
Xj`p tl`s sght`fi `e yfur ui`t `s ift gqu`ppgb w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr.
Ms pmrt fe m bm`ay `ispght`fi rfut`ig, hlghj tlg fxyngi sgisfr efr miy s`nis fe bgtgr`frmt`fi fr
agmj`in a`qu`b. @e miy hrmhjs mrg efuib fi tlg gxtgrima suremhg, rgpamhg `t `kkgb`mtgay w`tl m
igw fig.
Rlg fxyngi sgisfr `s m sgmagb bgv`hg hfitm`i`in m pftmss`uk lybrfx`bg gaghtrfaytg. Rlg gaghtrfaytg kmy agmj fut `e tlg sgisfr slfuab dg bmkmngb wlgi brfppgb, gth. @e tlg gaghtrfaytg
slfuab tfuhl yfur sj`i fr haftlgs, wmsl `t mwmy w`tl hfp`fus mkfuits fe wmtgr. @e `t slfuab ngt
`i yfur gyg, wmsl yfur gyg `kkgb`mtgay w`tl hfp`fus mkfuits fe wmtgr mib hfisuat tlg bfhtfr.
B`spfsg fe m usgb fxyngi sgisfr `i mhhfrbmihg w`tl tlg mpprfpr`mtg b`spfsma prfhgburg.
Rlgrg mrg skmaa lfags `i tlg dmn hfitm`i`in tlg fxyngi sgisfr. Rlgy mrg `itgibgb tf prgvgit m
vfatmng bgeght wl`hl hmi fhhur bur`in `i`t`ma usg `e tlg fxyngi sgisfr `s hfitm`igb `i m`rt`nlt
pmhjmn`in. Rlus tlgrg `s if geeght fi tlg rgpamhgkgit pgr`fb wl`hl Mtfk rghfkkgibs efr tlg
fxyngi sgisfr.
Tgpamhg tlg twf fxyngi sgisfrs mt tlg smkg t`kg.
@e mi fxyngi sgisfr mamrk rgkm`is fi, ttlg
lg fxyngi sgisfrs kmy dg bgeght`vg. T
Tgpamhg
gpamhg tlgk.
^m`t mt agmst fig lfur metgr mttmhl`in tlg fxyngi sgisfr tf tlg `ihudmtfr dgefrg us`in `t. Rlg
gaghtrfaytgs hfitm`igb `i tlg fxyngi sgisfr mrg ift gquma`zgb `kkgb`mtgay metgr `istmaamt`fi, sf
sgisfr futput `s tlgrgefrg uistmdag mib mi fxyngi sgisfr mamr
mamrk
k kmy fhhur.
Mvf`b b`rght suia`nlt mib l`nl tgkpgrmturg wlgi stfr`in tlg fxyngi sgisfr.
Rlg a`eg spmi fe tlg fxyngi sgisfr vmr`gs bgpgib`in fi tlg mkd`git hfib`t`fis uibgr wl`hl `t
`s usgb. @t `s rghfkkgibgb tlmt mi fxyngi sgisfr dg rgpamhgb wlgi kfrg tlmi fig ygmr lms
pmssgb s`ihg `t wms e`rst usgb.
Mvf`b `kpfs`in slfhjs fi tlg fxyngi sgisfrs wlgi rgpamh`in tlgk.
45
Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi
(=) Tgkfvg tlg sgisfr kfbuag hfiightfr erfk tlg
dmhj fe tlg km`i dfby. ^l`ag prgss`in tlg agvgr,
puaa tlg sgisfr kfbuag fut fe tlg lffb.
Agvgr
Xgisfr kfbuag
(4) Tgkfvg tlg fxyngi sgisfr hmp mib rgkfvg tlg
Fxyngi sgisfr hmp
twf fxyngi sgisfrs erfk tlg sgisfr kfbuag.
(8) Mttmhl twf igw sgisf
sgisfrs
rs tf tlg kfbuag
kfbua g dy e`tt`in
e`tt`i n
Hmdag
gmhl sgisfr lgmb hfrrghtay `i tlg hfrrgspfib`in
lfabgr `i tlg kfbuag. Tgpamhg tlg fxyngi sgisfr
hmp.
(2) _ut tlg sgisfr kfbuag dmhj `itf pamhg. Metgr hfiight`in tlg sgisfr kfbuag hfiightfr tf tlg km`i
Fxyngi sgisfr
dfby, hma`drmtg tlg sgisfrs. (Efr `iefrkmt`fi fi
lfw tf hma`drmtg mi fxyngi sgisfr, sgg ‑4-8.
‑ 4-8. Hma`drmt`in tlg Fxyngi Xgisfr‛.)
Xgisfr‛.)
✻
Rlg ui`t hfuits tlg lfurs efr wl`hl gmhl fxyngi sgisfr `s usgb. ^lgi tlg t`kg hfkgs tf rgpamhg `t, m
kgssmng mppgmrs fi tlg shrggi tf rgk`ib tlg usgr tf bf sf. Rlg hfuitgr kust dg rgsgt metgr tlg fxyngi
sgisfrs mrg rgpamhgb. Ftlgrw`sg, tlg kgssmng w`aa rgkm`i fi.
Rf rgsgt tlg hfuitgr,
hfuitgr, sgg ‑4-4-5.
‑4-4-5. Hlghj`in Lfw Kmiy Bmys tlg Fxyngi Xgisfrs Lmvg Dggi Wsgb (efr
tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr)‛.
hfitrfaagr) ‛.
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Hagmi`in mib B`s`ieght`fi
Z2[ Hagmi`in mib B`s`ieght`fi
Dgefrg hagmi`in mib b`s`ieght`in tlg ui`t, dg surg tf turi tlg pfwgr fee, rgkfvg tlg pfwgr paun
erfk tlg pfwgr futagt, mib maafw tlg `ihudmtfr mib tlg lgmtgrs tf hffa
hff a bfwi suee`h`gitay
suee`h`gitay..
Rlg lgmtgrs rgkm`i vgry lft metgr usg. Maafw tlg lgmtgrs tf hffa bfwi suee`h`gitay
suee`h`gitay dgefrg hagmi`in mib b`s`ieght`in tlgk `i frbgr tf mvf`b duris.
M e`rg mib gxpafs`fi lmzmrb gx`sts wlgi pgrefrk`in hagmi`in `i mi fxyngi-gir`hlgb giv`rfikgit. Ruri fee tlg fxyngi suppay mib b`shfiight tlg fxyngi suppay lfsg erfk tlg `ihudmtfr
dgefrg hagmi`in tlg `ihudmtfr.
Rlg ui`t `s sl`ppgb w`tlfut dg`in b`s`ieghtgb. Dg surg tf hagmi mib b`s`ieght tlg ui`t dgefrg us`in `t efr tlg e`rst t`kg metgr purhlmsg.
Rf prgvgit `ieght`fis, b`s`ieght tlg ui`t mt rgnuamr `itgrvmas. Rlg `itgrvmas tf b`s`ieght mib b`s`ieght`fi kgtlfbs vmry bgpgib`in fi tlg usmng ergqugihy mib tlg giv`rfikgit `i wl`hl tlg ui`t `s
usgb. Kgb`hma `ist`tut`fis tlmt usg tlg ui`t slfuab bgtgrk`ig mpprfpr`mtg b`s`ieght`fi `itgrvmas
mib kgtlfbs.
Efr tlg hfihgitrmt`fi, burmt`fi fe geeght`vgigss mib lmiba`in fe tlg b`s`ieghtmits yfu usg, efaafw tlg b`rght`fis efr usg mib bfsmng mib
m ib prghmut`fis prfv`bgb dy tlg kmiuemhturgrs.
kmiuemhturgrs.
Dg surg tf b`autg b`s`ieghtmits, suhl ms Fsvmi, Lymk`ig, mib L`d`tmig. IGUGT usg uib`autgb
sfaut`fi.
Bf ift usg miy mdrms`vg haftl, hagmigr, mahflfa, mhgtfig fr ftlgr typgs fe sfavgit efr hagmi`in
fr b`s`ieght`in.
Ruri tlg pfwgr sw`thl fee mib uipaun tlg pfwgr paun dgefrg hagmi`in mib b`s`ieght`in tlg ui`t.
Hagmi mib b`s`ieght tlg ui`t wlgigvgr `t `s usgb efr m b`eegrgit `iemit.
Hagmi mib b`s`ieght tlg ui`t wlgigvgr yfu ift`hg miy b`rt fr hfitmk`imt`fi wl`hl kmy `itrfbuhg mi `ieght`fi.
Metgr hagmi`in mib b`s`ieght`in, rgmssgkdag tlg rgkfvgb pmrts hfrrghtay mib hlghj tlmt tlg ui`t
fpgrmtgs ifrkmaay.
Metgr hagmi`in mib b`s`ieght`in, rgkfvg tlg b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi tlfrfunlay erfk tlg `ihudmtfr
dgefrg us`in `t.
_rfv`bg m sfet hagmi haftl mib m b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi su`tmdag efr hagmi`in mib b`s`ieght`fi.
4<
Hagmi`in mib B`s`ieght`fi
✻ Tghfkkgibgb b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fis `ihaubg3
z
Dgizmajfi`uk hlafr`bg mqugfus sfaut`fi (g.n. Fsvmi)
z
Dgizgtlfi`uk hlafr`bg mqugfus sfaut`fi (g.n. Lymk`ig)
z
Hlafrlgx`b`ig mqugfus sfaut`fi (g.n. L`d`tmig)
2-=.
Lffb Mssgkday
(=) Fpgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmigas fi dftl s`bgs mib rgkfvg maa fe tlg tudg `itrfbuht`fi sa`t pmhj`in.
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Rudg `itrfbuht`fi
sa`t pmhj`in
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^lgi putt`in tlg lffb mssgkday dmhj `itf pamhg,
gisurg tlmt `t `s sgmtgb maa tlg wmy `i gmhl pmhj`in fi tlg lffb.
(4) Tgkfvg maa mhhgss pfrt hfvgrs.
z
Lmvg spmrg mhhgss pfrt hfvgrs fi lmib. ^lgigv^lgigvgr m hfvgr `s hfitmk`imtgb, rgpamhg `t `kkgb`mtgay
`kkgb`mtgay..
(8) Tgkfvg tlg hfiightfr fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag erfk
tlg dmhj fe tlg km`i dfby. ^l`ag prgss`in tlg agvgr, puaa tlg
tlg sgisfr kfbuag fut fe tlg lffb.
Agvgr
z
Bf ift `kkgrsg tlg sgisfr kfbuag `i a`qu`bs. Bf`in sf kmy hmusg `t tf kmaeuiht`fi.
(2) Fpgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga, ngitay a`et tlg dfss
Xgisfr kfbuag
Mbk`ttmihg pmiga
slfwi `i tlg r`nlt e`nurg w`tl m bfttgb a`ig mib rgkfvg tlg `iigr pmiga dy sa`b`in `t `i tlg b`rght`fi
fe tlg mrrfw.
@iigr pmiga
40
Hagmi`in mib B`s`ieght`fi
(7) Tgkfvg tlg l`ing hmps fi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga,
sa`bg tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga mx`s sa`bgrs `i tlg b`rgh-
L`ing hmp
t`fi fe tlg mrrfw, mib kfvg tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga
erfk dftl s`bgs.
Mbk`ttmihg
Mbk`tt
mihg pmiga mx`s sa`bgr
Mbk`ttmihg
Mbk`ttm
ihg pmiga
(5) Kfvg tlg aget mib r`nlt hmifpy sghur`in sa`bgrs `iwmrbs mib a`et tlg hmifpy tf rgkfvg wl`ag tlg rgb
r gb
Hmifpy sghur`in sa`bgrs
amdgas mppgmr
mppgmr..
(>) Rur
Ruri
i gmhl fe tlg efur lffb pmiga e`x`in jifds tf
X`bg lffb (Lgmb s`bg)
Wiafhj tlg pfs`t`fi mib rgkfvg tlg s`bg lffbs
(lgmb s`bg/efft s`bg).
Afhj
pfs`t`fi
X`bg lffb e`x`in jifd
Wiafhj
pfs`t`fi
X`bg lffb (Efft s`bg)
8?
Hagmi`in mib B`s`ieght`fi
(<) B`s`ieght tlg rgkfvgb pmrts.
_mrts tlmt mrg tf
dg hagmigb dy
`kkgrs`in tlgk
`i m b`s`ieghtmit
sfaut`fi
2-4.
Rudg `itrfbuht`fi sa`t pmhj`in
Mhhgss pfrt hfvgrs
_mrts tlmt mrg tf
dg hagmigb us`in
Xgisfr kfbuag
m sfet haftl tlmt
lms dggi sfmjgb
`i m b`s`ieghtmit
sfaut`fi mib
wruin fut
Mbk`ttmihg pmiga
@iigr pmiga
Hmifpy
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X`bg lffb (Lgmb s`bg/Efft
s`bg)
Kmttrgss _amtefrk mib @is`bg fe @ihudmtfr
C ^lgi tlg ui`t `s gqu`ppgb w`tl m wg`nlt kfi`tfr ui`t (@e yfur ui`t `s ift gqu`ppgb w`tl `t, nf tf stgp (4))
(=) Tgkfvg tlg wg`nlt kfi`tfr kfbuag hmdag erfk tlg
hfiightgr fi tlg dmhj fe tlg km`i dfby.
^g`nlt kfi`tfr kfbuag hmdag
(4) Lfab tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk mt dftl gibs mib tlgi
rgkfvg `t dy a`et `t up sa`nltay.
z
Kmttrgss pamtefrk
^lgi pamh`in tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk dmhj `itf
pamhg, put `t `i tlg hgitgr fe tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk
trmy mib kmjg surg tlmt tlg agns fe tlg kmttrgss
pamtefrk mrg `i tlg nrffvg fe tlg rm`a.
C ^lgi tlg ui`t `s gqu`ppgb w`tl m wg`nlt kfi`tfr ui`t (@e yfur ui`t `s ift gqu`ppgb w`tl `t, nf tf stgp (2))
(8) Tgkfvg tlg trmy efr wg`nlt kfi`tfr mib wg`nlt
kfi`tfr kfbuag erfk tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk.
z
Bf ift `kkgrsg tlg wg`nlt kfi`tfr kfbuag `i a`q-
Rrmy efr wg`nlt
kfi`tfr
^g`nlt kfi`tfr
kfbuag
u`bs. Bf`in sf kmy hmusg `t tf kmaeuiht`fi.
Kmttrgss
pamtefrk
8=
Hagmi`in mib B`s`ieght`fi
(2) _uaa tlg lffj fi tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk trmy `i tlg
Kmttrgss pamtefrk trmy
b`rght`fi fe tlg mrrfw mib rgkfvg tlg pamtefrk dy
a`et`in `t up.
Kmttrgss pamtefrk trmy
z
^lgi pamh`in tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk dmhj `itf
pamhg, sl`et tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk trmy `i tlg b`rght`fi fe tlg mrrfw, mib kmjg surg tlmt tlg t`at`in
mrk `s `isgrtgb sghurgay.
R`at`in mrk
(7) Lfab fig gib fe tlg k`bbag dfmrb w`tl fig lmib
K`bbag dfmrb
mib lfab m saft `i tlg emi hfvgr w`tl tlg ftlgr
lmib, mib tlgi rgkfvg tlg k`bbag dfmrb.
Emi hfvgr
Fpgi tlg emi hfvgr tf hagmi tlg `is`bg fe tlg emi.
Emi hfvgr
(5) Tgkfvg tlg emi dy puaa`in `t up.
Emi
z
^lgi pamh`in tlg emi dmhj `itf pamhg, dg surg tf
pusl tlg emi fitf tlg slmet ms emr ms `t w`aa nf.
84
Hagmi`in mib B`s`ieght`fi
(>) ^lgi maa pmrts
pmr ts lmvg dggi rgkfvgb efaafw`in
efaafw`i n tlg
prfhgburgs mdfvg, tlg hfib`t`fi`in hlmkdgr
hfkgs `itf v`gw. Tm`sg tlg lgmtgr mib hagmi tlg `is`bg fe tlg hfib`t`fi`in hlmkdgr us`in m sfet haftl
tlmt lms dggi sfmjgb `i m b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi mib
wruin fut.
z
Dg hmrgeua ift tf ngt yfur e`ingrs fr lmib hmunlt
wlgi rm`s`in tlg lgmtgr.
z
Bf ift mppay m strfin efrhg tf tlg rm`sgb lgmtgr.
Ftlgrw`sg, `t kmy hmusg m kmaeuiht`fi.
z
^lgi putt`in tlg lgmtgr dmhj bfwi, pusl `t bfwi
ngitay.
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^lgi prfpp`in tlg lgmtgr mnm`ist tlg hfib`t`fi`in hlmkdgr, dg surg tf bf sf ngitay.
(<) B`s`ieght tlg rgkfvgb pmrts.
_mrts tlmt mrg tf
dg hagmigb dy
`kkgrs`in tlgk
Emi
`i m b`s`ieghtmit
sfaut`fi
_mrts tlmt mrg tf
Kmttrgss pamtefrk
dg hagmigb us`in
Rr
Rrmy
my ef
efrr wg` nlt kfi`t
kf i`t fr (`
(`ee gqu `ppgb
`p pgb
m sfet haftl tlmt
w`tl m wg`nlt kfi`tfr)
lms dggi sfmjgb
^g`nlt
^g`n
lt kfi`
kf i`tf
tfrr kfbu
kf buag
ag (`
(`ee gqu`
gq u`pp
ppgb
gb
`i m b`s`ieghtmit
w`tl m wg`nlt kfi`tfr)
sfaut`fi mib
Kmttrgss pamtefrk trmy
wruin fut
K`bbag dfmrb mib emi hfvgr
(0) Metgr hagmi`in mib b`s`ieght`in, maafw gmhl pmrt tf
bry sueeuh`gitay mib rgmssgkdag maa pmrts rgkfvgb
`i rgvgrsg frbgr.
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Hagmi`in mib B`s`ieght`fi
2-8.
Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr
Ftlgrs‛ `e yfur ui`t `s ift gqu`ppgb w`tl m luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi.
Xj`p tf ‑2-2.
‑2-2. Ftlgrs‛
(=) Afwgr tlg agvgr uit`a tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr `s
puaagb lmaewmy fut. A`et up tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr
sa`nltay mib tmjg `t fut.
Maafw tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr mib tlg wmtgr `i `t tf
hffa bfwi suee`h`gitay dgefrg rgkfv`in tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr. Rlg tgkpgrmturg fe tlg wmtgr `i tlg
luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hmi dg l`nl gifunl tf hmusg
duris. Rlg tgkpgrmturg fe tlg wmtgr `i tlg hlmkdgr w`aa gx
gxhggb
hggb >?¿H.
z Rlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr `s lgmvy. Dg surg tf lfab `t
w`tl dftl lmibs.
z
(4) Tgkfvg tlg hmrtr`bng tmij, tlg tmij hmp mib tlg
df`agr hmp erfk tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr mib b`s`ieght
tlgk.
_mrts tlmt mrg tf
dg hagmigb dy
`kkgrs`in tlgk
`i m b`s`ieghtmit
sfaut`fi
_mrts tlmt mrg tf
dg hagmigb us`in
m sfet haftl tlmt
lms dggi sfmjgb
`i m b`s`ieghtmit
sfaut`fi mib
wruin fut
z
Hmrtr`bng tmij
Rmij hmp
Df`agr hmp
Rmij h
hmp
mp
Hmrtr`bng tmij
Luk`b`ty hlmkdgr
Rlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hfitm`is gaghtr`h pmrts.
Igvgr `kkgrsg `t `i m b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi. Bf ift
rud tlg wmtgr agvga sgisfr fe tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr fr tlg suremhg fe tlg df`agr w`tl m kgtma drusl
fr miy ftlgr lmrb kmtgr`ma. Ftlgrw`sg, `t kmy
hmusg m kmaeuiht`fi.
(8) Metgr b`s`ieght`
b`s`i eght`in,
in, maafw gmhl pmr t tf br y sue euh`gitay mib rgmssgkdag tlg rgkfvgb pmrts fe tlg luk`b`ty hlmkmdgr tf tlg`r efrkgr pfs`t`fis dgefrg
pamh`in `t dmhj tf tlg `ihudmtfr.
`ihudmtfr.
z
Luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr
Df`agr hmp
Dg surg tf mttmhl tlg df`agr hmp mib tlg hmrtr`bng
tmij w`tlfut em`a.
Df`agr
^mtgr agvga
sgisfr
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Hagmi`in mib B`s`ieght`fi
Ftlgrs
2-2.
C B`spamy
Dfby3
Hagmi `t us`in m sfet haftl tlmt lms dggi
sfmjgb `i m b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi mib
wruin fut.
AHB pmiga3 Hagmi tlg suremhg
suremhg fe tlg a`qu`b hr
hrystma
ystma pmipmiga a`nltay w`tl m bry haftl. Wsg m spgh`e`gb
b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi wlgi ighgssmr y.
z
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Rlg AHB pmiga suremhg `s spgh`maay trgmtgb. Bf
ift rud `t lmrb. Ftlgrw`sg, `t kmy hmusg m kmaeuiht`fi.
^lgi hagmi`in tlg suremhg fe tlg a`qu`b hrystma
pmiga us`in m b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi, bmkpgi m
haftl `i tlg sfaut`fi mib wr`in `t fut suee`h`gitay tf
prgvgit miy sfaut`fi erfk gitgr`in `is`bg tlg pmiga, mib tlgi hagmi tlg suremhg ngitay.
z
Igvgr `kkgrsg tlg b`spamy `i m b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi. Ftlgrw`sg, `t kmy hmusg m kmaeuiht`fi.
C Kmttrgss
Rmjg fut tlg kmttrgss dgefrg pamh`in miftlgr `iemit `i
tlg `ihudmtfr. Hagmi tlg kmttrgss w`tl m sfet haftl
bmkpgigb w`tl m b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi. X`ihg tlg kmttrgss hfis`sts fe m spgh`ma spfing sgmagb up `i m v`iya
hfvgr, tlg spfing `is`bg hmiift dg hfitmk`imtgb uiagss
tlg hfvgr ngts bmkmngb.
C Xj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg
^`pg m usgb sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg
pr fdg a`nltay w`tl m sfet
bry haftl. ^`pg mib b`s`ieght tlg lgmt-sgis`in pfrt`fi
w`tl m sfet haftl bmkpgigb w`tl m b`s`ieghtmit
b`s`ieghtmit sfaut`fi.
Dg surg tf jggp tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg `i `ts hmsg.
z
Igvgr hagmi tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg us`in mahflfa, ftlgrw`sg tlg kmtgr`ma w`aa lmrbgi.
Kmttrgss
87
Rrfudagslfft`in
Z7[ Rrfudagslfft`in
Mamrks
7-=.
Rl`s `ihudmtfr `s prfv`bgb w`tl tlg efaafw`in mamrks. @e mi mamrk hfib`t`fi slfuab fhhur, hlghj
efr m pfss`dag hmusg fe tlg mamrk mib tmjg tlg hfrrght kgmsurgs. @e tlg mamrk `s hmusgb kfst
a`jgay dy m em`aurg, tlg ui`t iggbs tf dg rgpm`rgb. @ib`hmtg fi tlg `ihudmtfr tlmt `t `s fut fe frbgr
mib hfitmht yfur afhma Mtfk rgprgsgitmt`vg.
Hmtgnfry
Mamrk imkg
Kgssmng
Rlg ui`t bur`in tlg
mamrk hfib`t`fi
Tgsgtt`in tlg
mamrk
_r`fr`ty
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
rgsgt mutfkmt`hmaay
wlgi tlg `ihudmtfr
m`r tgkpgrmturg emaas
dgafw 8>¿H.
Kgb`uk
=?
k`i.
Kgb`uk
=?
k`i.
Mamrk
s`agihg
@ihudmtfr m`r
tgkpgrmturg `s
r`s`in.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
Rlg `ihudmtfr
dgefrg tlg `ihudmtfr
lgmtgr w`aa dg
m`r tgkpgrmturg
turigb fee.
gxhggbs 8<¿H.
@ihudmtfr m`r
tgkpgrmturg `s
r`s`in.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
dgefrg tlg `ihudmtfr Rlg `ihudmtfr
lgmtgr w`aa dg
m`r tgkpgrmturg
turigb fee.
gxhggbs 2?¿H.
@ihudmtfr m`r
Xgt tgkpgrmturg tgkpgrmturg
mamrk
bgv`mtgs erfk
(KH½8¿H)
tlg sgt tgkpgrmturg.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
`e tlg `ihudmtfr m`r
Rgkpgrmturg
tgkpgrmturg bgv`mtgs
hfitrfa w`aa dg
erfk tlg sgt tgkpgrmhfit`iugb.
turg dy 8¿H fr
kfrg✻=.
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
rgsgt mutfkmt`hmaay
wlgi tlg bgv`mt`fi
bghrgmsgs tf agss
tlmi 8¿H.
Afw
=7
k`i.
Xj`i tgkpgrmXgt tgkpgrmturg
turg bgv`mtgs
mamrk
erfk tlg sgt
(XH½=¿H)
tgkpgrmturg.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
Rgkpgrmturg
`e tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg= bgv`mtgs erfk
hfitrfa w`aa dg
tlg sgt tgkpgrmturg
hfit`iugb.
✻=
dy =¿H fr kfrg .
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
rgsgt mutfkmt`hmaay
wlgi tlg bgv`mt`fi
bghrgmsgs tf agss
tlmi =¿H.
Afw
=7
k`i.
Afw
=7
k`i.
Kgb`uk
=?
k`i.
KH l`nl
tgkpgrmturg
mamrk
KH (fvgrr`bg
kfbg ) fr XH
l`nl
tgkpgrmturg
mamrk
R
g
k
p
g
r
m
tu
r
g
&
L
g
m
t
Hfib`t`fi hmus`in
tlg mamrk
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
rgsgt mutfkmt`hmaay
wlgi tlg `ihudmtfr
m`r tgkpgrmturg emaas
dgafw 8<¿H.
Xj`i
tgkpgrmturg
prfdg mamrk
Mdifrkma`ty `i
ygaafw sj`i
tgkpgrmturg
prfdg.
Rlg sj`i tgkpgrmtgkpgrmturg prfdg w`aa
ift euiht`fi.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
(Rlg sj`i
`e m w`rg fe tlg sj`i
Tgkfvg tlg sj`i
tgkpgrmturg `s
tgkpgrmturg = prfdg
tgkpgrmturg prfdg
ift b`spamygb.)
lms simppgb fr
erfk tlg `iemit.
Rlg `ihudmtfr
`ihudmtfr
✻4
slfrth`rhu`tgb.
lgmtgr w`aa dg
turigb fee (`i tlg
XH kfbg).
Xj`i
tgkpgrmturg
prfdg mamrk
(XH)
Hlghj tlg
hfiight`fi fe
tlg ygaafw sj`i
tgkpgrmturg
prfdg.
`ihudmtfr
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
fhhur Rlg `ihudmtfr
lgmtgr w`aa dg
`e tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturigb fee.
turg = prfdg `s ift
hfiightgb `i tlg XH (XH w`aa ift
euiht`fi.)
kfbg.✻4
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
rgsgt mutfkmt`hm
mutfkmt`hmaay
aay
wlgi tlg sj`i
tgkpgrmturg prfdg `s
hfiightgb.
✻= @e miy b`srupt`fi slfuab fhhur tf tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg 4 prfdg, wmri`in `iefrkmt`fi w`aa dg n`vgi tf tlg usgr.
✻4 Rlg mamrk w`aa ift fhhur efr 8? k`iutgs wlgi tlg sgtt`in `s hlmingb.
85
Rrfudagslfft`in
Hmtgnfry
Mamrk imkg
Luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr fee
mamrk
Kgssmng
Hlghj tlmt tlg
luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr `s
mttmhlgb
prfpgray.
Hfib`t`fi hmus`in
tlg mamrk
Rlg ui`t bur`in tlg
mamrk hfib`t`fi
Rlg luk`b`ey`in
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
lgmtgr w`aa dg turigb
`e tlg luk`b`ty
fee.
hlmkdgr `s ift
Luk`b`ty hfitrfa
mttmhlgb.
w`aa ift stmrt.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
E`aa tlg luk`b`ty
`e tlg luk`b`ty
Rlg luk`b`ey`in
hlmkdgr w`tl
If wmtgr mamrk
hlmkdgr lms dghfkg lgmtgr w`aa dg
stgr`ag b`st`aagb gkpty bur`in
turigb fee.
wmtgr.
luk`b`ty hfitrfa.
L
u
k
`
b
`
ty
Rlg luk`b`ey`in
lgmtgr w`aa dg
turigb fee.
‑‘ ‘ ‛ w`aa dg
b`spamygb fi tlg
TL b`spamy.
Luk`b`ty
sgisfr mamrk
Luk`b`ty
sgisfr `s
hfibgis`in
Luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr mamrk
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
Rlg luk`b`eyRlg luk`b`ey`in
`e miy b`srupt`fi `s
`in lgmtgr `s ift
lgmtgr w`aa dg
bgtghtgb w`tl tlg
fpgrmt`in
turigb fee.
luk`b`ey`in lgmtgr.
Xgt luk`b`ty
mamrk
@ihudmtfr
luk`b`ty
bgv`mtgs erfk
tlg sgt luk`b`ty.
Afw luk`b`ty
mamrk
Fxyngi sgisfr
mamrk (bur`in
hma`drmt`fi)
F
x
y
n
g
i
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
`e hfibgismt`fi efrks
fi tlg luk`b`ty
sgisfr.
Fxyngi sgisfr
mamrk (bur`in
hfitrfa)
Fxyngi
hfihgitrmt`fi
mamrk (½8%)
Luk`b`e`hmt`fi
b`smdagb tf
prgvgit
hfibgismt`fi
erfk efrk`in.
F4 sgisfr (A)
em`agb hma`drmt`fi.
F4 sgisfr (T)
em`agb hma`drmt`fi.
Hma`drmtg F4
sgisfr.
Fxyngi
hfihgitrmt`fi `i
`ihudmtfr
bgv`mtgs erfk
tlg sgt vmaug.
Tgsgtt`in tlg
mamrk
_r`fr`ty
Rlg mamrk w`aa d
dg
g rgs
rgsgt
gt
mutfkmt`hmaay wlgi tlg
luk`b`ty hlmkdgr `s
mttmhlgb hfrrghtay.
Afw
Rlg ui`t w`aa mutfkmt`hmaay
rgturi tf tlg ifrkma stmtg
Kgb`uk
=7
k`i.
=?
k`i.
wlgi stgr`ag b`st`aagb wmtgr
`s mbbgb.
Rlg ui`t
ui`t w`aa
w`aa mut
mutfkmt
fkmt``hmaay rgturi tf tlg
ifrkma stmtg wlgi tlg
hfibgismt`fi fi tlg
luk`b`ty sgisfr
b`smppgmrs.
Mamrk
s`agihg
Kgb`uk
=?
k`i.
Rlg mamrk w`aa d
dg
g rgs
rgsgt
gt
mutfkmt`hmaay wlgi tlg
Kgb`uk
luk`b`ty hlmkdgr `s
mttmhlgb hfrrghtay.
=?
k`i.
Rl`s mamrk
mamrk w`aa
w`aa fh
fhhur
hur `e tlg
rgamt`vg luk`b`ty `i tlg
Luk`b`ty hfitrfa
`ihudmtfr bgv`mtgs erfk
w`aa dg hfit`iugb.
tlg sgt luk`b`ty dy 8% fr
kfrg efr =7 k`iutgs.
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg rgsgt
mutfkmt`hmaay wlgi tlg
bgv`mt`fi bghrgmsgs tf
agss tlmi 8%.
Afw
=7
k`i.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
fhhur `e
tlg rgamt`vg luk`b`ty `i
Rlg luk`b`ey`in
tlg `ihudmtfr rgkm`is
lgmtgr w`aa dg
dgafw tlg sgt luk`b`ty dy
turigb fee.
8% fr kfrg efr mt agmst
fig lfur.
Ruri luk`b`e`hmt`fi fee,
hlghj tlg hfib`t`fi fe
tlg `ihudmtfr,✻8 mib tlgi
turi luk`b`e`hmt`fi fi
mnm`i.
Afw
=7
k`i.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
`e tlg fxyngi sgisfrs
lmvg ift dggi
hma`drmtgb prfpgray
prfpgray..
Tghma`drmtg tlg fxyngi
sgisfrs efr m spgh`e`gb
vmaug. Tgpamhg tlg
bgeght`vg sgisfrs w`tl
euiht`fima figs
(hma`drmt`fi rgqu`rgb).
Afw
=7
k`i.
Kgb`uk
=?
k`i.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur `e
tlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi bgtghtgb dy fig
Fxyngi hfitrfa
sgisfr bgv`mtgs erfk tlmt w`aa dg hfit`iugb.
bgtghtgb dy tlg ftlgr
sgisfr dy >% fr kfrg.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur `e tlg
tl g
fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi `i tlg
Fxyngi hfitrfa
`ihudmtfr bgv`mtgs erfk tlg
w`aa dg hfit`iugb.
sgt fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi dy
8% fr kfrg.✻2
Tghma`drmtg tlg
fxyngi sgisfrs efr m
spgh`e`gb vmaug.
Tgpamhg tlg bgeght`vg
sgisfrs w`tl
euiht`fima figs
(hma`drmt`fi rgqu`rgb).
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
rgsgt mutfkmt`hmaay
wlgi tlg bgv`mt`fi
bghrgmsgs tf agss
tlmi 8%.
Kgb`uk 4 k`i.
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
rgsgt mutfkmt`hmaay
Fxyngi hfitrfa
`itgrruptgb fr `e fxyngi
wlgi m ifrkma
w`aa
dg
hfit`iugb.
lms stfppgb eafw`in
suppay fe fxyngi `s
bur`in fxyngi hfitrfa.
bgtghtgb.
Kgb`uk 4 k`i.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
fhhur `e
Fxyngi eafw
If fxyngi
rmtg mamrk
bga`vgrgb.
tlg fxyngi suppay `s
✻8 Hlghj tlmt maa tlg pfrts mib mbk`ttmihg pmigas mrg sghurgay hafsgb mib tlmt tlg pmhj`ins mrg sghurgay mttmhlgb.
✻2 Rlg mamrk w`aa ift fhhur efr 2? k`iutgs wlgi tlg sgtt`in `s hlmingb.
K
M
@
I
R
G
I
M
I
H
G
8>
Rrfudagslfft`in
Hmtgnfry
Mamrk imkg
XpF4 uppgr
H a`k`t mamrk
f
k
k
f
i
tf
XpF4 afwgr a`k`t
d
f mamrk
tl
K
m
s
`k
f _uasg rmtg
m uppgr a`k`t
i
b mamrk
I
g
aa
h
f
r
_uasg rmtg afwgr
a`k`t mamrk
Kgssmng
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
XpF4 rgmb`in
lms gxhggbgb
uppgr mamrk
a`k`t.
Hfib`t`fi hmus`in
tlg mamrk
Rlg ui`t bur`in tlg
mamrk hfib`t`fi
Tgsgtt`in tlg
mamrk
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
rgsgt mutfkmt`hmaay
`e tlg XpF4 uppgr
Kgmsurgkgit
wlgi tlg rgmb`in
rgmb`in
mamrk a`k`t `s
w`aa dg hfit`iugb.
emaas dgafw tlg uppgr
gxhggbgb.
mamrk a`k`t.
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
XpF4 rgmb`in
`e tlg XpF4 afwgr
Kgmsurgkgit
_r`fr`ty
Mamrk
s`agihg
Kgb`uk 4 k`i.
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
rgsgt mutfkmt`hmaay
Kgb`uk 4 k`i.
lms gxhggbgb
afwgr mamrk
a`k`t.
mamrk a`k`t `s
bgv`mtgb.
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
_uasg rmtg
rgmb`in lms
gxhggbgb uppgr
mamrk a`k`t.
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
rgsgt mutfkmt`hm
mutfkmt`hmaay
aay
`e tlg puasg rmtg uppgr Kgmsurgkgit
wlgi tlg rgmb`in
rgmb`in
mamr k a`k`t `s gxhggb- w`aa dg hfit`iugb.
emaas dgafw tlg uppgr
gb.
mamrk a`k`t.
Kgb`uk 4 k`i.
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
_uasg rmtg
rgmb`in lms
gxhggbgb afwgr
mamrk a`k`t.
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
rgsgt mutfkmt`hm
mutfkmt`hmaay
aay
`e tlg puasg rmtg afwgr Kgmsurgkgit
wlgi tlg rgmb`in
rgmb`in
mamrk a`k`t `s
w`aa dg hfit`iugb.
gxhggbs tlg afwgr
bgv`mtgb.
mamrk a`k`t.
Kgb`uk 4 k`i.
w`aa dg hfit`iugb. wlgi tlg rgmb`in
rgmb`in
gxhggbs tlg afwgr
mamrk a`k`t.
Rlg ui`t w`aa mmutfk
utfkmt`hma
mt`hmaay
ay
Rl`s mamrk w`aa
_
u
a
s
g
F
x
`k
g
t
g
r
If sgisfr
hfiightgb
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
Hlghj tlg
pmt`git hmdag
hfiight`fi.
mht`vmtg `e tlg XpF4
sgisfr `s b`shfiightgb erfk tlg
pmt`git hmdag
hfiightfr.
rgturi tf tlg ifrkma stmtg
‑‘ ‘ ‘‛ w`aa dg
b`spamygb.
wlgii `t `s rgsgt
wlg
rgsgt dy tl
tlgg
Mamrk s`agi
s`agihg
hg sw
sw`thl
`thl
L`nl
Tgsgt
‑‘ ‘ ‘‛ w`aa dg
b`spamygb.
Rlg mamrk w`aa dg
rgsgt mutfkmt`hmaay
wlgi tlg sgisfr `s
mttmhlgb prfpgray.
L`nl
4 k`i.
‑‘ ‘ ‘‛ w`aa dg
b`spamygb.
Rlg ui`t w`aa
mutfkmt`hmaay rgturi
tf tlg ifrkma stmtg
wlgi tlg sgisfr `s
hfrrghtay hfiightgb.
L`nl
Tgsgt
L`nl
4 k`i.
Tgpamhg tlg
bgeght`vg sgisfr w`tl
m euiht`fima fig.
Afw
‘
Tgpamhg tlg
bgeght`vg pmt`git
hmdag w`tl m
euiht`fima fig.
Afw
‘
Afw
=7
k`i.
(euiht`fi b`smdagb) fr
wlgii tlg XpF4
wlg
XpF4 sg
sgisfr
isfr mib
pmt`git hmdag mrg hfrrghtay
hfiightgb.
Xgisfr fee
pmt`git
Xgisfr
b`shfiight
K
m
s
s
`k
f
_uasg sgmrhl
Bgeght`vg
sgisfr
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
Hfie`rk prfpgr
pamhgkgit fe
tlg sgisfr.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa
mht`vmtg `e tlg XpF4
sgisfr hfkgs fee tlg
pmt`git.
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
Hlghj tlg
sgisfr hfiight`fi.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa
mht`vmtg `e tlg XpF4
sgisfr `s ift
hfiightgb.
_uasg Fx`kgtgr Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
‑‘ ‘ ‘‛ w`aa dg
If puasg
wlgi `t `s b`ee`huat tf
b`spamygb.
bgtghtgb.
bgtght m puasg.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa
w`aa mht`vmtg
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
`e tlg XpF4 sgisfr lms ‑‘ ‘ ‘‛ w`aa dg
Xgisfr mdifrdghfkg bgeght`vg mib b`spamygb.
kma.
hmiift dg rghfni`zgb.
Rl`s mamrk
mamrk w`a
w`aaa fhhu
fhhurr
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
`e tlg pmt`git hmdag lms ‑‘ ‘ ‘‛ w`aa dg
Bgeght`vg hmdag _mt`git hmdag
dghfkg bgeght`vg mib b`spamygb.
mdifrkma.
hmiift dg rghfni`zgb.
@itgrima grrfr
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
@itgrima systgk
‑‘ ‘ ‘‛ w`aa dg
`e tlg ui`t lms
mdifrkma.
b`spamygb.
gihfuitgrgb m
_fwgr hyhag tlg prfdagk.
`ihudmtfr.
Rlg ui`t
ui`t w`aa
w`aa mut
mutfkmt
fkmt``hmaay rgturi tf tlg
ifrkma stmtg wlgi
puasgs mrg bgtghtgb.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa mht`vmtg
mht`vmt g
`e tlg XpF4 sgisfr `s
ift hfiightgb (fr tlg
hfiightfr `s b`shfiightgb).
8<
Rrfudagslfft`in
Hmtgnfry
Mamrk imkg
_uasg sgmrhl
Kgssmng
Hfib`t`fi hmus`in
tlg mamrk
Tgsgtt`in tlg
mamrk
_r`fr`ty
Rlg ui`t w`aa
mutfkmt`hmaay rgturi
tf tlg ifrkma stmtg
wlgi puasgs mrg
bgtghtgb.
L`nl
4 k`i.
sgisfr `s ift
hfiightgb (fr tlg
hfiightfr `s b`shfiightgb).
Kgb`uk
tf tlg ifrkma stmtg
wlgi tlg sgisfr `s
hfrrghtay hfiightgb.
Tgsgt
Rl`s mamrk w`aa
mht`vmtg `e tlg XpF4
sgisfr hfkgs fee tlg
pmt`git.
Rlg ui`t w`aa
mutfkmt`hmaay rgturi
tf tlg ifrkma stmtg
Kgb`uk
wlgi tlg sgisfr `s
hfrrghtay mttmhlgb.
4 k`i.
Tgpamhg tlg
bgeght`vg sgisfr w`tl
m euiht`fima fig.
(^lgi tlg hfiightfr `s rgkfvgb,
Kgb`uk
‑Bgeght`vg sgisfr‛
mamrk w`aa dg
rgpamhgb w`tl
‑Xgisfr b`shfiight‛
mamrk.
4 k`i.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
`e tlg ui`t lms
gihfuitgrgb m
prfdagk.
B`smdag tlg puasg
fx`kgtgr euiht`fi.
Afw
=7
k`i.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
`e tlg ui`t lms
gihfuitgrgb m
prfdagk.
B`smdag tlg puasg
fx`kgtgr euiht`fi.
Afw
=7
k`i.
Rlg ui`t bur`in tlg
mamrk hfib`t`fi
_uasg Fx`kgtgr Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
If puasg
wlgi `t `s b`ee`huat tf
bgtghtgb.
bgtght m puasg.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa
_uasg Fx`kgtgr mht`vmtg `e tlg XpF4
Xgisfr
b`shfiight
Xgisfr fee
_
u
a
s
g
F
x
`k
g
t
g
r
I
g
aa
h
f
r
Bgeght`vg
sgisfr
Hlghj tlg
sgisfr hfiight`fi.
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
Hfie`rk prfpgr
pamhgkgit fe
tlg sgisfr.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa
_uasg Fx`kgtgr mht`vmtg `e tlg XpF4
Xgisfr mdifrsgisfr lms dghfkg
kma.
bgeght`vg mib hmiift
dg rghfni`zgb.
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
@itgrima systgk
@itgrima grrfr
mdifrkma. _fwgr
hyhag tlg
`ihudmtfr.
_uasg Fx`kgtgr
Hfkkui`hmt`fi
Hfkkui`hmt`fi
mdifrkma. _fwgr
grrfr
hyhag tlg
`ihudmtfr.
Mamrk
s`agihg
Rlg ui`t w`aa
mutfkmt`hmaay rgturi
‑?‛ fr ‑‘ ‘ ‘ ‛
w`aa dg b`spamygb
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80
Rrfudagslfft`in
Hmtgnfry
Mamrk imkg
Kgssmng
Hfib`t`fi hmus`in
tlg mamrk
Rlg ui`t bur`in tlg
mamrk hfib`t`fi
Tgsgtt`in tlg
mamrk
_r`fr`ty
Mamrk
s`agihg
Rl`s mamrk
mamrk w`aa mht`vmtg
mht`vmtg
`e tlg sgisfr kfbuag `s
pamhgb mt m pfs`t`fi
Xgisfr
_amhg tlg sgisfr
Rlg emi w`aa
ftlgr tlmi tlg
kfbuagpfs`t`fi kfbuag dmhj `i
hfit`iug ifrkma
hma`drmt`fi pfs`t`fi fr
mamrk
`ts prfpgr pamhg.
fpgrmt`fi.
tlg ifrkma pfs`t`fi efr
=7 fr kfrg sghfibs
metgr hma`drmt`fi.
E`atgr hfvgr
mamrk
Hafsg tlg e`atgr
hfvgr.
Rlg emi w`aa dg
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur stfppgb.
`e tlg e`atgr hfvgr `s
Rlg `ihudmtfr
aget fpgi.
lgmtgr w`aa dg
turigb fee.
Rlg emi w`aa hfit`iug
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
mib hlghj tlg emi
ifrkma fpgrmt`fi.
`e tlg emi `si‐t
`s prfpgray
Rlg `ihudmtfr
`ihudmtfr lgmtgr
lgmtgr
mttmhlgb prfpgray.
mttmhlgb.
w`aa dg turigb fee.
B`shfiight pfwgr
Emi mamrk
Hlghj tlg emi
hfvgr `s
prfpgray
mttmhlgb.
Rlg emi w`aa dg
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
stfppgb.
`e tlg emi hfvgr fr tlg
Rlg `ihudmtfr
k`bbag dfmrb `si‐t
lgmtgr w`aa dg
mttmhlgb prfpgray.
turigb fee.
Rl`s mamrk w`aa fhhur
Tgvfav`in spggb
`e tlg emi rftmtgs mt m
fe tlg emi `s
afwgr rmtg tlmi
bghrgmsgb. (G2)
spgh`e`gb.
F
tl
g
r
s
Xystgk em`aurg
mamrk
Mdifrkma`ty `i
tlg `ihudmtfr
m`r tgkpgrmturg
sgisfr `s
bgtghtgb.
(G454)
Rl`s mamrk
mamrk w`aa fhhur `e`e
Mdifrkma`ty `i
tlg `ihudmtfr
m`r tgkpgrmturg
sgisfr `s
bgtghtgb.
(G458)
Rl`s mamrk
mamrk w`aa
w`aa fhhur
fhhur `e
@ihudmtfr
lgmtgr mdifrkma. (G>)
m w`rg fe tlg `ihudmtfr
m`r tgkpgrmturg sgisfr
(efr hfitrfa) lms
simppgb fr slfrth`r-
Rlg emi w
w`aa
`aa rftmtg
rftmtg
mt mi mvm`amdag rmtg.
Rlg `ihudm
`ihudmtfr
tfr
lgmtgr w`aa dg
Rl`s mamrk w`aa dg
mutfkmt`hmaay rgsgt
wlgi tlg sgisfr
kfbuag `s pamhgb
dmhj `i `ts hfrrght
pfs`t`fi.
Rlg ui`t w`aa
mutfkmt`hmaay rgturi
Kgb`uk 4 k`i.
tf tlg ifrkma stmtg
wlgi tlg e`atgr hfvgr
`s hafsgb.
Mttmhl tlg emi
prfpgray, mib tlgi
turi tlg pfwgr fi
mnm`i.
m`r tgkpgrmturg sgisfr
(efr b`spamy) lms
simppgb fr slfrth`r-
Afw
=7
k`i.
Rlg ui`t w`aa mmutfk
utfkmt`hma
mt`hmaay
ay
rgturi tf tlg ifrkma stmtg
wlgii tlg emi hfvgr
wlg
hfvgr fr
Kgb`uk 4 k`i.
k`bbag dfmrb `s mttmhlgb
hfrrghtay.
@kpfss`dag tf rgsgt
tlg mamrk.
Kgb`uk
=?
k`i.
Kgb`uk
=?
k`i.
Kgb`uk
=?
k`i.
turigb fee.
Rlg `ihudmtfr
lgmtgr w`aa dg
turigb fee.
hu`tgb.
m w`rg fe tlg `ihudmtfr
Kgb`uk 4 k`i.
@kpfss`dag tf rgsgt
@ihudmtfr m`r tgk- tlg mamrk.
pgrmturg hfitrfa
w`aa dg hfit`iugb.
hu`tgb.
Rl`s mamrk
mamrk w`aa fhhur `e`e Rlg `ihudmtfr
m w`rg fe tlg `ihudmtfr
lgmtgr lms simppgb.
lgmtgr w`aa dg
turigb fee.
Rl`s mamrk
mamrk w`aa fhhur `e`e
tlg pfwgr suppay `s
`itgrruptgb bug tf
_fwgr em`aurg/
`itgrima grrfr
mamrk
If kgssmng
(Rlg pfwgr
em`aurg mamrk
`ib`hmtfr w`aa
hfkg fi.)
pfwgr em`aurg, m
@kpfs-
b`shfiightgb pfwgr
s`dag
If hfitrfa
paun, m drfjgi pfwgr
@kpfss`dag tf rgsgt
Maa tlg lgmtgrs
hfrb, m tr`ppgb drgmjgr
tlg mamrk.
w`aa dg turigb fee.
fr sfkg ftlgr hmusg,
fr `e sfkg `itgrima
grrfr (m bgeght`vg H_W
fr m bgeght`vg km`i
dfmrb) lms fhhurrgb.
L`nl
tf
s`agihg
tlg
mamrk
2?
Rrfudagslfft`in
7-4.
Rrfudagslfft`in
@e tlg ui`t sggks tf dg bgeght`vg, stfp us`in `t `kkgb`mtgay, `ib`hmtg fi tlg ui`t tlmt `t `s fut fe
frbgr, mib hfitmht yfur afhma Mtfk rgprgsgitmt`vg.
rgprgsgitmt`vg.
Hlghj tlg efaafw`in pf`its dgefrg rgqugst`in rgpm`r sgrv`hgs.
Rrfudag
Iftl`in `s b`spamygb fi tlg b`spamy
b`spa my
wlgi tlg pfwgr sw`thl `s turigb fi,
mib tlg pfwgr em`aurg mamrk mht`vmtgs.
Iftl`in `s b`spamygb fi tlg b`spamy,
mib mi mub`dag mamrk `s n`vgi.
Rlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg bfgs
ift r`sg.
Mht`fi tf tmjg
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg pfwgr hfrb `s hfiightgb tf tlg MH `iagt mib m pfwgr futagt.
z
Hlghj tlg drgmjgr fe tlg lfsp`tma (dy hfiight`in miftlgr gaghtr`h bgv`hg
tf tlg pfwgr futagt usgb efr tlg `ihudmtfr).
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg b`spamy hfiight`fi hmdag `s hfrrghtay hfiightgb tf tlg
km`i dfby mib tlg b`spamy.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg `s ift sgt tff afw.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg suppay vfatmng `s ift afw. (Rlg `ihudmtfr slfuab ift slmrg
m pfwgr futagt w`tl miftlgr bgv`hg.)
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg emi `s ig`tlgr bmkmngb ifr bgefrkgb.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg simp-fpgi mhhgss pfrts mrg hafsgb.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg mbk`ttmihg pmigas mrg hafsgb.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg tudg `itrfbuht`fi sa`t pmhj`in `s hfr rghtay mttmhlgb.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg `s ift sgt tff l`nl.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg `ihudmtfr `s ift gxpfsgb tf b`rght suia`nlt fr meeghtgb dy m
lgmt`in mppmrmtus igmrdy.
Rlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg r`sgs
tff l`nl.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg m`r `iagt `i tlg `ihudmtfr `s ift dafhjgb dy fdstmhags suhl
ms m b`mpgr, nmuzg, gth.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg `s ift sgt tff afw rgamt`vg tf tlg
rffk tgkpgrmturg.
z
Hlghj tlmt m plftftlgrmpy ui`t `s ift `i usg.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg m`r futagts `i tlg `ihudmtfr mrg ift dafhjgb dy fdstmhags
suhl ms m b`mpgr, nmuzg, gth.
Luk`b`ty bfgs ift r`sg.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg hmrtr`bng tmij `s e`aagb w`tl b`st`aagb wmtgr.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hfvgr `s hafsgb prfpgray.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg df`agr hmp `s e`ttgb pr
prfpgray
fpgray..
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg simp-fpgi mhhgss pfrts mrg hafsgb.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg mbk`ttmihg pmigas mrg hafsgb.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg tudg `itrfbuht`fi sa`t pmhj`in `s hfr rghtay mttmhlgb.
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2=
Rrfudagslfft`in
Rrfudag
Luk`b`ty r`sgs tff l`nl.
Mht`fi tf tmjg
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg rgamt`vg luk`b`ty `s ift gxtrgkgay l`nl bug tf tlg rm`iy
sgmsfi fr sfkg ftlgr hmusg.
z
Hlghj tlmt fxyngi `s dg`in suppa`gb rga`mday (wlgi tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr
`s `i usg).
Rlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi bfgs ift
r`sg.
B`eegrgit rgmb`ins mrg fdtm`igb gvgry
t`kg tlg `iemit `s wg`nlgb.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg eafw rmtg `s sgt prfpgray fi tlg fxyngi eafwkgtgr
eafwkgtgr..
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg mhhgss pfr ts mrg hafsgb sghurgay.
z
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg pmhj`ins mrg mttmhlgb sghurgay.
Hlghj tlmt tlg e`atgr `s mttmhlgb sghurgay.
z
Hlghj tlmt tlg hmdag `s ift hmunlt `i tlg wg`nl`in sght`fi.
z
Hlghj tlmt mi `istrukgit fi tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk agmis mnm`ist mi `iigr
wmaa fe tlg `ihudmtfr.
`ihudmtfr.
24
Rrfudagslfft`in
7-8.
Rrfudagslfft`in
7-8-=.
Rrfudagslfft`in ^lgi tlg Wi`t Hmiift Dg Hfitrfaagb _rfpgray
Rrfudag
Rlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg bfgs
ift r`sg.
Hlghj
=. Hlghj tlmt tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg `s ift sgt tff afw
afw..
4. Hlghj tlmt tlg ui`t `s ift `istmaagb `i tlg hurrgit fe mi m`r-hfib`t`figr fr dy m hfab w`ibfw. Mvf`b `istmaa`in tlg ui`t `i suhl m
pamhg tf prgvgit lgmt afss tf tlg giv`rfikgit.
8. M tgkpfrmry tgkpgrmturg brfp k`nlt lmvg dggi hmusgb dy fpgi`in mib hafs`in mi mbk`ttmihg pmiga. ^m`t efr m wl`ag mib hlghj
tlg ui`t mnm`i.
2. Hlghj tlmt tlg suppay vfatmng `s ift afw.
afw. Rlg `ihudmtfr slfuab
ift slmrg m pfwgr futagt w`tl miftlgr bgv`hg.
7. Hlghj efr m emi mamrk kgssmng fi
fi tlg b`spamy.
b`spamy.
5. Rlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg
tgkpgrmturg bfgs ift gxhggb 8<¿H `i tlg kmikmiuma hfitrfa kfbg.
Rlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg bfgs ift gxhggb 2?¿H `i tlg kmiuma hfitrfa (fvgrr`bg) kfbg fr tlg sgrvf hfitrfa kfbg.
Rlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg r`sgs
tff l`nl.
=. Hlghj tlmt tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg `s ift sgt tff l`nl.
4. Hlghj tlmt tlg ui`t `s ift `istmaagb `i b`rght suia`nlt fr igmr m
lgmt`in mppmrmtus. Mvf`b `istmaa`in tlg ui`t `i suhl m pamhg sf tlmt
`t kmy ift dg meeghtgb dy gxtgrima tlgrkma hfib`t`fis.
8. Hlghj tlmt tlg m`r `iagt `i tlg ui`t `s ift dafhjgb dy m b`mpgr
b`mpgr,,
nmuzg, gth.
2. M tgkpfrmry tgkpgrmturg r`sg k`nlt lmvg dggi hmusgb dy fpgi`in mib hafs`in mi mbk`ttmihg pmiga. ^m`t efr m wl`ag mib hlghj
tlg ui`t mnm`i.
7. Hlghj tlmt tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg
tgkpgrmturg `s ift sgt tff afw rgamt`vg tf tlg rffk tgkpgrmturg. Xgt tlg tgkpgrmturg mt agmst 8¿H
l`nlgr tlmi tlg rffk tgkpgrmturg.
5. Hlghj tlmt ig`tlgr m plftftlgrmpy ui`t ifr m lgmt`in luk`b`e`gr
`s `i usg.
Xgt tlg tgkpgrmturg mt agmst 7¿H l`nlgr tlmi tlg rffk tgkpgrmturg wlgi tlgsg ui`ts mrg usgb.
>. Rlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg kmy r`sg
r`sg bug tf tlg lgmt ngigrmtgb
dy tlg `iemit `tsgae.
Luk`b`ty bfgs ift r`sg.
=. Hlghj tlmt tlg rgamt`vg luk`b`ty `s ift sgt tff afw
afw..
4. Hlghj efr tlg ‑luk`b`ty hlmkdgr fee mamrk‛ `ib`hmtfr.
`ib`hmtfr.
8. Hlghj efr tlg ‑if wmtgr mamrk‛ `ib`hmtfr
`ib`hmtfr..
2. Hlghj tlmt tlg stgmk pfrt `i tlg ui`t `s ift dafhjgb.
Luk`b`ty r`sgs tff l`nl.
=. Hlghj tlmt tlg rgamt`vg luk`b`ty
luk`b`ty `s ift sgt tff l`n
l`nl.
l.
4. Hlghj tlmt tlg rgamt`vg luk`b`ty `i tlg
tlg rffk wlgrg tlg ui`t `s `istmaagb `s ift gxtrgkgay l`nl.
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28
Rrfudagslfft`in
Rrfudag
Hlghj
Rlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi bfgs ift
r`sg.
=. Hlghj tlmt tlg eafw rmtg `s ift
ift sgt tff afw fi tlg f
fxyngi
xyngi eafwkgtgr.
4. Hlghj tlmt tlg mhhgss pfrts mrg hafsgb sghurgay
sghurgay..
8. Hlghj tlmt maa tlg pmhj`ins
pmhj`ins mrg mttmhlgb sghurgay.
sghurgay.
2. Hlghj tlmt tlg e`atgr `s mttmhlgb sghurgay
sghurgay..
^lgi tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr `s `i usg3
=. Hlghj tlmt tlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi `s ift sgt tff afw.
afw.
4. Hlghj tlmt fxyngi `s dg`in suppa`gb rga`mday mt m prgssurg w`tl`i
tlg spgh`e`gb rming.
8. Hlghj tlmt tlg mhhgss pfrts mrg hafsgb sghurgay
sghurgay..
2. Hlghj tlmt maa tlg pmhj`ins
pmhj`ins mrg mttmhlgb sghurgay.
sghurgay.
7. Hlghj tlmt tlg e`atgr `s mttmhlgb sghurgay
sghurgay..
Rlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi r`sgs tff
l`nl.
=. Hlghj tlmt tlg eafw rmtg `s ift sgt tff l`nl fi tlg fxyngi eafwkgtgr.
^lgi tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr `s `i usg3
=. Hlghj tlmt tlg fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi
hfihgitrmt`fi `s ift sgt tff l`nl.
7-8-4.
(=)
Rrfudagslfft`in ^lgi tlg Wi`t Bfgs Ift Euiht`fi _rfpgray
^lgi miy fe tlg efaafw`in kgssmngs `s b`spamygb fi tlg shrggi3
‑Mdifrkma`ty `i tlg ygaafw sj`i tgkpgrmturg
tgkpgrmturg prfdg.‛
‑Hlghj tlg hfiight`fi fe tlg ygaafw sj`i
sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg.‛
‑Hlghj tlmt tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdg
hlmkdgrr `s mttmhlgb prfpgray.‛
prfpgray.‛
‑E`aa tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr w`tl st
stgr`ag
gr`ag b`st`aagb wmtgr.‛
wmtgr.‛
‑Luk`b`ty sgisfr `s hfibgis`in.‛
‑Luk`b`ey`in lgmtgr mdifrkma. (G<)‛
‑@ihudmtfr luk`b`ty bgv`mtgs erfk tlg sgt luk`b`ty.‛
luk`b`ty.‛
‑F4 sgisfr (A) em`agb hma`drmt`fi.‛
‑F4 sgisfr (T) em`agb hma`drmt`fi.‛
‑Fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi `i `ihudmtfr bgv`mtgs erfk ttlg
lg sgt vmaug.‛
‑If fxyngi bga`vgrgb.‛
bga`vgrgb.‛
‑_uasg Fx`kgtgr3 Hlghj tlg pmt`git hmdag hfiight`fi.‛
‑_uasg Fx`kgtgr3 Hlghj tlg sgisfr hfiight`fi.‛
‑_uasg Fx`kg
Fx`kgtgr3
tgr3 Xgisfr mdifrkma.‛
‑_uasg Fx`kgtgr3 _mt`git hmdag mdifrkma.‛
‑_uasg Fx`kgtgr3 @itgrima systgk mdi
mdifrkma.
frkma. _fwgr hyhag tlg `ihudmtfr
`ihudmtfr.‛
.‛
‑_uasg Fx`kgtgr3 Hfkkui`hmt`fi mdifrkma. _fwgr hyhag tlg `ihudmtfr.‛
`ihudmtfr.‛
‑_amhg tlg sgisfr k
kfbuag
fbuag dmhj `i `ts prfpgr pamhg.‛
‑Hafsg tlg e`atgr hfvgr
hfvgr.‛
.‛
‑B`shfiight pfwgr mib hlghj tlg emi `s prfpgray mttmhlgb.‛
‑Hlghj tlg emi hf
hfvgr
vgr `s prfpgray mttmhlgb.‛
‑Tgvfav`in spggb fe ttlg
lg emi `s bghrgmsgb. (G2)‛
‑Mdifrkma`ty `i tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg sgisfr `s bgtghtgb. (G454)‛
‑Mdifrkma`ty `i tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg sgisfr `s bgtghtgb. (G458)‛
22
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑@ihudmtfr lgmtgr mdifrkma. (G>)‛
‑B`spamy Hfkkui`hmt
Hfkkui`hmt`fi
`fi Emuat. (G=?47)‛
‑@itgrima Grrfr. (G=?)‛ / ‑@itgrima Grrfr. (G=8)‛
(G=8)‛
‑@itgrima Grrfr. (G470)
‑@itgrima Grrfr. _fwgr hyhag tlg `ihudmtfr.
`ihudmtfr. (G4)
‑Xgt R
Rgkpgrmturg.
gkpgrmturg. (G=)‛
‑Xgt Luk`b`ty
Luk`b`ty.. (G=)‛
‑Xgt Fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi. (G=)‛
(G=)‛
‑^
‑^g`nl`in
g`nl`in shmag mdifrkma. (G-E?)‛
(4)
^lgi if kgssmng `s b`spamygb fi tlg shrggi3
Rlg pfwgr em
em`aurg
`aurg mamrk `ib`hmtfr `s eamsl`in rgb.
Rlg b`spamy damhjs fut mib iftl`in `s b`spamygb.
b`spamygb.(Rlg
(Rlg shrggi `s damij.)
Rlg b`spamy bfgs ift rgspfib wlgi tlg shrggi `s tfuhlgb.
If mub`dag mamrk `s n`vgi.
n`vgi.
If mub`dag mamrk `s n`vgi `i m pfwgr em`aurg mamrk hfib`t`fi.
Rlg mamrk amkp fi tlg b`spamy bfgs ift hfkg fi.
Rlg wg`nlt shrggi hmiift dg b`spamygb.
Rlg hafhj fi tlg b`spamy bfgs ift fpgrmtg prfpgray.
prfpgray.
Rlg L`-Afw Xtmib mib Rmdag `s ift mbcust
mbcustmdag
mdag vgrt`hmaay.
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27
Rrfudagslfft`in
(=)
^lgi miy fe tlg efaafw`in kgssmngs `s b`spamygb fi tlg shrggi3
‑Mdifrkma`ty `i tlg ygaafw sj`i tgkpgrmturg
tgkpgrmturg prfdg.‛
Rlg mamrk `s st`aa b`spamygb gvgi
metgr tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg `s
rgpamhgb w`tl m euiht`fima fig.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg
PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb
‑Hlghj tlg hfiight`fi fe tlg ygaafw sj`i
sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg.‛
Rlg ygaafw sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg `s
hfiightgb sghurgay tf tlg sj`i
tgkpgrmturg prfdg hfiight`in pfrt =.
PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb
IF
Hfiight tlg ygaafw sj`i tgkpgrmturg
prfdg sghurgay tf tlg sj`i
tgkpgrmturg
tgkpgrmtur
g prfdg hfiight`in pfrt =.
25
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑Hlghj tlmt tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdg
hlmkdgrr `s mttmhlgb prfpgray.‛
prfpgray.‛
IF
Rlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr `s e`ttgb `i.
E`t `i tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr.
PGX
Rlg df`agr hmp `s mttmhlgb tf tlg
luk`b`ty hlmkdgr.
IF
Mttmhl tlg df`agr hmp tf tlg luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr.
PGX
Rlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr `s `isgrtgb
hfkpagtgay `itf tlg ui`t.
IF
@isgrt tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr
hfkpagtgay `itf tlg ui`t.
IF
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr fe tlg
PGX
Rlg hfiightfr fe tlg pfs`t`fi
bgtght`fi dfmrb `s hfiightgb
prfpgray.
PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi dfmrb
Em`aurg fe tlg km`i dfmrb
pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi dfmrb sghurgay
sghurgay..
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Rrfudagslfft`in
‑E`aa tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr w`tl st
stgr`ag
gr`ag b`st`aagb wmtgr.‛
wmtgr.‛
Rlg hmrtr`bng tmij `s e`aagb w`tl m
suee`h`git vfaukg fe stgr`ag b`st`aagb
wmtgr.
IF
Mbb kfrg stgr`ag b`st`aagb wmtgr `i
tlg hmrtr`bng tmij.
PGX
Rlg mamrk kgssmng `s st`aa
b`spamygb gvgi metgr
metgr tlg luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr `s rgpamhgb w`tl
m euiht`fima fig.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr
PGX
Rlg hmdag erfk tlg luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr hfiightfr `s hfiightgb
prfpgray.
PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr
hfiightfr
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg km`i dfmrb
IF
Hfiight tlg hmdag erfk tlg luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr hfiightfr sghurgay.
sghurgay.
2<
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑Luk`b`ty sgisfr `s hfibgis`in.‛
Hfibgismt`fi lms efrkgb fi tlg
luk`b`ty sgisfr.
PGX
Bry tlg luk`b`ty sgisfr.
IF
Rlg hmdag fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag `s
hfiightgb prfpgray tf tlg sgisfr
kfbuag hfiight`in pfrt.
IF
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr fe tlg hmdag
fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag sghurgay.
sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg mamrk kgssmng `s st`aa
b`spamygb gvgi metgr
metgr tlg sgisfr
kfbuag `s rgpamhgb w`tl
m euiht`fima fig.
IF
Em`aurg fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag
PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb
✻ Hfibgismt`fi kmy efrk `is`bg tlg sgisfr kfbuag wlgi `t ngts hffagb rmp`bay metgr tlg `ihudmtfr lms dggi
fpgrmtgb w`tl m l`nl luk`b`ty sgtt`in. Rlg sgisfr kfbuag w`aa rgturi tf `ts ifrkma fpgrmt`fi wlgi tlg
hfibgismt`fi b`smppgmrs.
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20
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑Luk`b`ey`in lgmtgr mdifrkma. (G<)‛
Rlg mamrk kgssmng `s st`aa
b`spamygb gvgi metgr
metgr tlg luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr `s rgpamhgb w`tl
m euiht`fima fig.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr
PGX
^lgi tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr `s
hfrrghtay hfiightgb, tlg rgs`stmihg
dgtwggi tlg hfiightfrs CH4 fe
tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hfiightfr
hmdag `s mpprfx`kmtgay =?? Flk.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr
hfiightfr
IF
Hfiight tlg hmdag fe tlg luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr hfiightfr sghurgay.
sghurgay.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg eusg.
PGX
Rlg hmdag fe tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr
hfiightfr `s hfiightgb prfpgray.
prfpgray.
PGX
Rlg eusg fe tlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb
lms dafwi. (E4)
IF
Rlg hmdag `s hfiightgb prfpgray
dftl tf tlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb mib
tlg km`i dfmrb.
PGX
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb
IF
Hfiight tlg hfiightfrs sghurgay.
sghurgay.
7?
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑@ihudmtfr luk`b`ty bgv`mtgs erfk tlg sgt luk`b`ty.‛
luk`b`ty.‛
Rlg rgamt`vg luk`b`ty `i tlg
`ihudmtfr lms r`sgi bug tf tlg
`iemit‐s
`iemit‐
s `isgis`dag wmtgr afss.
PGX
Xgaght m l`nlgr luk`b`ty sgtt`in fr
turi tlg luk`b`ty hfitrfa fee.
IF
Rlg pmhj`ins mrg `itmht mib
mttmhlgb sghurgay.
IF
Hafsg tlg mhhgss pfrts mib
tlg mbk`ttmihg pmigas sghurgay.
@e miy fe tlgk fr tlg`r pmhj`ins
`s bmkmngb, rgpamhg `t.
PGX
Rlg luk`b`ty `s sgt tff l`nl
hfkpmrgb tf tlg rgamt`vg luk`b`ty
agvga `i tlg `ihudmtfr.
PGX
Xgaght m afwgr luk`b`ty sgtt`in.
IF
Rlg stgmk nmtg `i tlg hfib`t`fi`in
PGX
Tgkfvg tlg fdstmhag erfk
tlg stgmk nmtg.
hlmkdgr `s dafhjgb.
IF
Rlg mamrk kgssmng `s st`aa
b`spamygb gvgi metgr
metgr tlg sgisfr
kfbuag `s rgpamhgb w`tl
m euiht`fima fig.
PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb
IF
Em`aurg fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag
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Rrfudagslfft`in
‑F4 sgisfr (A) em`agb hma`drmt`fi.‛
‑F4 sgisfr (T) em`agb hma`drmt`fi.‛
Tghma`drmtg tlg sgisfr.
PGX
Rlg mamrk kgssmng b`smppgmrs.
Iftl`in mdifrkma
IF
Dftl fe tlg fxyngi sgisfrs mrg
hfiightgb prfpgray tf tlg sgisfr
kfbuag.
IF
Hfiight tlg fxyngi sgisfrs
sghurgay.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg fxyngi sgisfrs.
PGX
Rlg hfiightfr p`i fe tlg fxyngi
sgisfr `s dgit.
IF
Rlg fxyngi sgisfrs lmvg dggi
usgb efr mt agmst fig ygmr fr sf.
PGX
Tgpamhg dftl fxyngi sgisfrs.
IF
PGX
Rlg fxyngi sgisfr `s bgeght`vg.
Tgpamhg tlg fxyngi sgisfrs.
IF
Rlg mamrk kgssmng `s st`aa b`spamygb
gvgi metgr
metgr tlg sgisfr kfbuag `s
rgpamhgb w`tl m euiht`fima fig.
PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb
IF
Em`aurg fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag
74
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑Fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi `i `ihudmtfr bgv`mtgs erfk ttlg
lg sgt vmaug.‛
Rlg suppay prgssurg fe tlg fxyngi
erfk tlg fxyngi suppay pfrt 4
`s w`tl`i tlg ifrkma rming
(402~20?j_m).
IF
Mbcust tlg suppay prgssurg fe tlg
fxyngi tf tlg ifrkma rming
(402~20?j_m).
IF
Tgpamhg tlg p`p`in hfiight`in lfsg.
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg lfsg hfiightgb tf tlg fxyngi
suppay pfrt 4 `s `itmht mib tlg
hfiightfr `s hfiightgb sghurgay.
sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg mhhgss pfrts mib tlg
mbk`ttmihg pmigas mrg `itmht mib
hafsgb sghurgay.
IF
Hafsg tlg mhhgss pfrts mib tlg
mbk`ttmihg pmigas sghurgay.
@e miy fe tlgk `s bmkmngb, rgpamhg `t.
IF
Mttmhl tlg pmhj`ins sghurgay.
@e g`tlgr tlg e`atgr hfvgr fr tlg e`atgr
pmhj`in `s bmkmngb, rgpamhg `t.
IF
Mttmhl tlg e`atgr sghurgay.
@e `t `s bmkmngb fr b`rty, rgpamhg `t.
IF
Mttmhl tlg e`atgr pmhj`in sghurgay.
@e g`tlgr tlg e`atgr hfvgr fr tlg e`atgr
pmhj`in `s bmkmngb, rgpamhg `t.
PGX
Rlg pmhj`ins mrg `itmht mib
mttmhlgb sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg e`atgr `s `itmht mib suee`h`gitay
hagmi, mib `t `s mttmhlgb sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg e`atgr hfvgr mib tlg e`atgr pmhj`in
mrg `itmht mib tlg pmhj`in `s
mttmhlgb sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg fxyngi sgisfrs mrg ift
hma`drmtgb.
PGX
Tghma`drmtg tlg fxyngi sgisfrs.
IF
Rlg p`pg fe tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr `s
`itmht mib hfiightgb prfpgray.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg fxyngi sgisfrs.
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr
IF
@e tlg p`pg `s bmkmngb, rgpamhg `t.
Hfiight tlg p`pg sghurgay.
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Rrfudagslfft`in
‑If fxyngi bga`vgrgb.‛
bga`vgrgb.‛
Rlg suppay prgssurg fe tlg fxyngi
erfk tlg fxyngi suppay pfrt 4 `s
w`tl`i tlg ifrkma rming
(402~20?j_m).
IF
Mbcust tlg suppay prgssurg fe tlg
fxyngi tf tlg ifrkma rming
(402~20?j_m).
IF
Tgpamhg tlg p`p`in hfiight`in lfsg.
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr sghurgay.
IF
@e tlg p`pg `s bmkmngb, rgpamhg `t.
Hfiight tlg p`pg sghurgay.
sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg lfsg hfiightgb tf tlg fxyngi
suppay pfrt 4 `s `itmht mib tlg
hfiightfr `s hfiightgb sghurgay.
sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg p`pg fe tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr `s
`itmht mib hfiightgb prfpgray.
PGX
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr
72
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑_uasg Fx`kgtgr3 Hlghj tlg pmt`git hmdag hfiight`fi.‛
‑_uasg Fx`kgtgr3 Hlghj tlg sgisfr hfiight`fi.‛
Rlg XpF4 sgisfr/tlg pmt`git hmdag
`s hfiightgb prfpgray.
IF
Hfiight tlg XpF4 sgisfr/
tlg pmt`git hmdag sghurgay.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg XpF4 sgisfr/
tlg pmt`git hmdag.
PGX
Rlg XpF4 sgisfr/tlg pmt`git hmdag
lms m drfjgi w`rg.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg puasg fx`kgtgr
‑_uasg Fx`kg
Fx`kgtgr3
tgr3 Xgisfr mdifrkma.‛
‑_uasg Fx`kgtgr3 _mt`git hmdag mdifrkma.‛
Rlg XpF4 sgisfr/tlg pmt`git hmdag
lms m drfjgi w`rg.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg XpF4 sgisfr/
tlg pmt`git hmdag.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg puasg fx`kgtgr
‑_uasg Fx`kgtgr3 @itgrima systgk mdi
mdifrkma.
frkma. _fwgr hyhag tlg `ihudmtfr
`ihudmtfr.‛
.‛
‑_uasg Fx`kgtgr3 Hfkkui`hmt`fi mdifrkma. _fwgr hyhag tlg `ihudmtfr.‛
`ihudmtfr.‛
Rlg puasg fx`kgtgr fpgrmtgs
ifrkmaay metgr tlg `ihudmtfr `s
pfwgr hyhagb.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg puasg fx`kgtgr
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Rrfudagslfft`in
‑_amhg tlg sgisfr k
kfbuag
fbuag dmhj `i `ts prfpgr pamhg.‛
Rlg sgisfr kfbuag `s puaagb fut
efr 4=% hma`drmt`fi.
PGX
_amhg tlg sgisfr kfbuag
dmhj `i `ts prfpgr pamhg
efr ifrkma fpgrmt`fi.
IF
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr fe
tlg sgisfr kfbuag sghurgay.
IF
Rlg hfiightfr fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag
`s hfiightgb prfpgray.
prfpgray.
PGX
Rlg sgisfr kfbuag lfabgr `s
bmkmngb.
PGX
Bgeght fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag lfabgr
lfabgr
IF
Rlg mamrk kgssmng `s st`aa
b`spamygb gvgi metgr
metgr tlg sgisfr
IF
Em`aurg fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag
kfbuag `s rgpamhgb w`tl
m euiht`fima fig.
PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb
‑Hafsg tlg e`atgr hfvgr
hfvgr.‛
.‛
Rlg mamrk kgssmng `s st`aa
IF
b`spamygb gvgi metgr tlg e`atgr hfvgr
`s hafsgb.
Iftl`in mdifrkma
PGX
PGX
Rlg e`atgr hfvgr `s bmkmngb.
IF
B`shfiight`fi fe tlg hfiightfr fe
tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi dfmrb fr
em`aurg fe tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi
dfmrb
Tgpamhg tlg e`atgr hfvgr
75
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑B`shfiight pfwgr mib hlghj tlg emi `s prfpgray mttmhlgb.‛
Ruri fee tlg pfwgr sw`thl.
Rlg emi `s mttmhlgb.
IF
Mttmhl tlg emi.
PGX
PGX
Rlg emi `s v`s`day bmkmngb.
Tgpamhg Rlg emi
IF
Rlg emi `s `isgrtgb sghurgay up tf
IF
tlg dfttfk fe tlg emi kftfr mx`s.
@isgrt tlg emi sghurgay up tf tlg
dfttfk fe tlg emi kftfr mx`s.
PGX
Rlg emi rgvfavgs wlgi tlg pfwgr
sw`thl `s turigb fi.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg emi kftfr
PGX
Rlg hfiightfr fe tlg pfs`t`fi
bgtght`fi dfmrb fe tlg emi kftfr
`s hfiightgb.
PGX
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi dfmrb
IF
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr sghurgay.
sghurgay.
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Rrfudagslfft`in
‑Hlghj tlg emi hf
hfvgr
vgr `s prfpgray mttmhlgb.‛
Ruri fee tlg pfwgr sw`thl.
Rlg k`bbag dfmrb mib tlg emi hfvgr
mrg mttmhlgb.
IF
Mttmhl tlg k`bbag dfmrb mib
tlg emi hfvgr.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg k`bbag dfmrb fr
tlg emi hfvgr.
PGX
Rlg k`bbag dfmrb fr tlg emi hfvgr
`s v`s`day bmkmngb.
IF
Rlg hfiightfr fe tlg pfs`t`fi
IF
bgtght`fi dfmrb `s hfiightgb.
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr sghurgay.
sghurgay.
PGX
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi
dfmrb
‑Tgvfav`in spggb fe ttlg
lg emi `s bghrgmsgb. (G2)‛
Ruri fee tlg pfwgr sw`thl.
Xfkgtl`in `s dafhj`in tlg rftmt`fi
fe tlg emi.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg emi kftfr
PGX
Tgkfvg
Tgkfv
g tlg fdstmhag dafhj`in tlg
rftmt`fi fe tlg emi.
7<
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑Mdifrkma`ty `i tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg sgisfr `s bgtghtgb. (G454)‛
‑Mdifrkma`ty `i tlg `ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg sgisfr `s bgtghtgb. (G458)‛
Rlg hfiightfr fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag
`s hfiightgb prfpgray tf tlg sgisfr
kfbuag hfiight`in pfrt.
IF
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr sghurgay.
sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg mamrk kgssmng `s st`aa
b`spamygb gvgi metgr
metgr tlg sgisfr
kfbuag `s rgpamhgb w`tl
m euiht`fima fig.
IF
Em`aurg fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag
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PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb
‑@ihudmtfr lgmtgr mdifrkma. (G>)‛
PGX
Tgkfvg tlg fdstmhag dafhj`in tlg
Tgkfvg
m`rwmy mib hmus`in fvgrlgmt`in.
IF
Tgpamhg tlg bgeght`vg lgmtgr.
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr sghurgay.
sghurgay.
Rlg tlgrkfstmt lms mht`vmtgb.
IF
Rlg lgmtgr `s `itmht w`tlfut
m drfjgi w`rg mib tlg hfiightfr `s
hfiightgb sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg eusg fe tlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb
lms dafwi.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg eusg. (E=)
IF
Rlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb mib
tlg km`i dfmrb mrg hfiightgb
sghurgay.
PGX
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb
fr tlg km`i dfmrb
IF
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr sghurgay.
sghurgay.
70
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑B`spamy Hfkkui`hmt
Hfkkui`hmt`fi
`fi Emuat. (G=?47)‛
Rlg hmdag hfiight`in tlg b`spamy
w`tl tlg km`i dfby `s bgeght`vg.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg hmdag.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg km`i dfmrb
‑@itgrima Grrfr. (G=?)‛ / ‑@itgrima Grrfr. (G=8)‛
(G=8)‛
Em`aurg fe tlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb
Em`aurg
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg km`i dfmrb
‑@itgrima Grrfr. (G470)‛
Em`aurg fe tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg sgisfr kfbuag
‑@itgrima Grrfr. _fwgr hyhag tlg `ihudmtfr.
`ihudmtfr. (G4)‛
Rlg `ihudmtfr fpgrmtgs ifrkmaay
ifr kmaay
metgr `t `s pfwgr hyhagb.
IF
Rlg bgtght`fi dfmrb mib tlg km`i
dfmrb mrg hfiightgb prfpgray.
Rlg hmdag `s `itmht.
IF
Em`aurg fe tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg km`i dfmrb
PGX
Hfiight tlg hfiightfrs sghurgay.
sghurgay.
Tgpamhg tlg hmdag.
5?
Rrfudagslfft`in
‑Xgt R
Rgkpgrmturg.
gkpgrmturg. (G=)‛
‑Xgt Luk`b`ty
Luk`b`ty.. (G=)‛
‑Xgt Fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi. (G=)‛
(G=)‛
Xgaght m bgs`rgb sgtt`in.
Em`aurg fe tlg km`i dfmrb `e tlg
Em`aurg
mamrk kgssmng `s b`spamygb
gvgry t`kg tlg pfwgr `s turigb fi
‑^
‑^g`nl`in
g`nl`in shmag mdifrkma. (G-E?)‛
_fwgr hyhag tlg `ihudmtfr.
Rlg mamrk kgssmng `s st`aa b`spamygb.
PGX
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg wg`nlt kfi`tfr kfbuag
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Rrfudagslfft`in
(4)
^lgi if kgssmng `s b`spamygb fi tlg shrggi3
Rlg pfwgr em
em`aurg
`aurg mamrk `ib`hmtfr `s eamsl`in rgb.
Mi mub`dag mamrk (p`p p`p p`p…p`p
p`p) `s n`vgi erfk tlg duzzgr fe tlg
km`i dfby.
IF
Rlg pfwgr suppay tf tlg `istmaamt`fi
s`tg (rffk) `s `itgrruptgb.
PGX
Tgstfrg tlg pfwgr suppay tf tlg
`istmaamt`fi s`tg (rffk).
IF
Rlg pfwgr hfrb `s hfiightgb
prfpgray.
IF
Hfiight tlg pfwgr hfrb sghurgay.
PGX
Rlg pfwgr hfrb lms m drfjgi w`rg.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg pfwgr hfrb.
IF
Rlg mub`dag mamrk stfps wlgi tlg
pfwgr sw`thl `s turigb fee.
IF
Tgkfvg tlg pfwgr hfrb mib tlgi
Tgkfvg
hfiight `t mnm`i `i tgi sghfibs
fr sf.
PGX
IF
BH=4U `s suppa`gb tf tlg b`spamy.
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg fxyngi hfitrfaagr
PGX
Rlg vfatmng `s futput erfk tlg
sghfibmry s`bg fe tlg hfitrfa
pfwgr trmisefrkgr.
PGX
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg km`i dfmrb
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg hfitrfa pfwgr
trmisefrkgr
fr kgatbfwi fe tlg eusg (E2) fi tlg
lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb
54
Rrfudagslfft`in
Rlg b`spamy damhjs fut mib iftl`in `s b`spamygb. (Rlg shrggi `s damij.)
Rlg pfwgr em`aurg mamrk `ib`hmtfr `s
eamsl`in rgb.
PGX
Xgg (4)
‑Rlg pfwgr em`aurg mamrk
`ib`hmtfr `s eamsl`in rgb.‛
IF
Hfiight tlg hmdag sghurgay.
@e tlg hmdag lms m drfjgi w`rg,
rgpamhg tlg hmdag.
IF
Rlg b`spamy hfiight`in hmdag `s
hfiightgb prfpgray w`tlfut m drfjgi
w`rg.
PGX
Rlg b`spamy fpgrmtgs ifrkmaay
wlgi `t `s rgpamhgb.
PGX
B`shfiight`fi fe tlg hfiightfr
`i tlg b`spamy
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb
IF
Rlg pfwgr sw`thl `s `i tlg FI
IF
pfs`t`fi.
Ruri fi tlg pfwgr sw`thl.
PGX
Rlg hfiightfr fe tlg pfwgr sw`thl
`s hfiightgb prfpgray.
PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg pfwgr sw`thl
Em`aurg
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg km`i dfmrb
IF
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr fe tlg pfwgr
sw`thl sghurgay.
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Rrfudagslfft`in
Rlg b`spamy bfgs ift rgspfib wlgi tlg shrggi `s tfuhlgb.
@itgregrgihg `s fhhurr`in dgtwggi
tlg tfuhl pmiga mib tlg erfit pmiga.
PGX
Hfrrght tlg mttmhlkgit fe
tlg AHB b`spamy.
PGX
Hma`drmtg tlg tfuhl pmiga.
Xgg ‑4-2.
‑4-2. Hma`drmt`in tlg Rfuhl
_miga.‛‛
_miga.
IF
Hma`drmt`fi em`aurg fe tlg tfuhl pmiga
IF
Rlg hmdag `i tlg b`spamy `s
hfiightgb prfpgray.
IF
Hfiight tlg hmdag sghurgay.
PGX
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg AHB b`spamy
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb
If mub`dag mamrk `s n`vgi.
n`vgi.
Rlg hfiightfr fe tlg spgmjgr `i tlg
b`spamy `s hfiightgb
hfiig htgb prfpgray.
prfpgray.
IF
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr sghurgay.
sghurgay.
PGX
PGX
Rlg spgmjgr `s bmkmngb.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg spgmjgr
52
Rrfudagslfft`in
If mub`dag mamrk `s n`vgi `i m pfwgr em`aurg mamrk hfib`t`fi.
If mub`dag mamrk `s n`vgi gvgi
`i ifrkma usg.
PGX
Xgg (4)
‑If mub`dag mamrk `s n`vgi.‛
n`vgi.‛
IF
• M pfwgr em`aurg mamrk fhhurrgb rghgitay.
• Rlg ui`t lms dggi fut fe usg efr m
afin t`kg.
• @i m pfwgr em`aurg mamrk hfib`t`fi, mi
mub`dag mamrk sfuibs afub gifunl mt
e`rst, dut `t nrmbumaay dghfkgs afwgr.
PGX
Rlg dmttgry efr pfwgr
p fwgr em`aurg
mamrk fi tlg km`i dfmrb `s ift
hlmrngb. Hfiight tlg ui`t tf tlg
suppay km`is mib hlmrng tlg
dmttgry efr mdfut 7? lfurs.
IF
Rlg dmttgry efr pfwgr em`aurg mamrk
lms bgtgr`frmtgb.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg dmttgry efr pfwgr em`aurg
mamrk.
IF
Rlg hfiightfr fe tlg dmttgry efr
pfwgr em`aurg mamrk (tlg rgpamhgb
fig) fi tlg km`i dfmrb lms
hfkg fee.
PGX
Hfiight tlg hfiightfrs sghurgay.
sghurgay.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg duzzgr
Rlg mamrk amkp fi tlg b`spamy bfgs ift hfkg fi.
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb
✻ Rlg mamrk amkp hfkgs fi fiay `i m l`nl pr`fr`ty mamrk hfib`t`fi.
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Rrfudagslfft`in
Rlg wg`nlt shrggi hmiift dg b`spamygb.
Rlg wg`nlt shrggi b`spamy sw`thl
mppgmrs fi tlg shrggi.
IF
Rlg wg`nlt kfi`tfr euiht`fi lms ift
dggi sgt ygt fr `s sgt `ihfrrghtay.
`ihfrrghtay.
Hfitmht yfur afhma Mtfk
rgprgsgitmt`vg.
PGX
Xgg (4)
‑Rlg b`spamy bfgs ift
rgspfib wlgi tlg shrggi
`s tfuhlgb.‛
Rlg hafhj fi tlg b`spamy bfgs ift fpgrmtg prfpgray.
prfpgray.
Rlg ui`t lms dggi usgb efr kfrg
tlmi efur ygmrs fr sf.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg duttfi hgaa dmttgry
fi tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg duttfi hgaa dmttgry
fi tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb.
IF
Rlg hafhj fpgrmtgs ifrkmaay `i
ifrkma usg, dut wlgi tlg ui`t `s
fpgrmtgb metgr lmv`in dggi turigb fee
efr sfkg t`kg, tlg hafhj slfws tlg
wrfin t`kg.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb
55
Rrfudagslfft`in
Rlg L`-Afw Xtmib mib Rmdag `s ift mbcust
mbcustmdag
mdag vgrt`hmaay.
Rlg L`-Afw Xtmib mib Rmdag
Rmdag lms
dggi fpgrmtgb hfit`iufusay efr
kfrg tlmi 4 k`iutgs.
PGX
Durifut bug tf hfit`iufus
fpgrmt`fi
Tgpamhg tlg L`-Afw stmib
mhtumtfr.
IF
Xfkgtl`in `s `i tlg wmy fe tlg
L`-Afw Xtmib mib Rmdag.
PGX
Tgkfvg tlg fdcght fut fe tlg wmy.
IF
Rlg gihafsurg fe tlg L`-Afw Xtmib
mib Rmdag
Rmdag `s bgefrkgb fr bmkmngb.
PGX
Tgpamhg tlg gihafsurg.
IF
Fig fe tlg efft sw`thlgs rgkm`is
PGX
prgssgb bfwi.
Tgagmsg tlg sw`thl wl`hl
rgkm`is prgssgb bfwi.
IF
^lgi g`tlgr fe tlg efft sw`thlgs `s
prgssgb, tlg sw`thl hfihgrigb
`s prgssgb bfwi prfpgray.
IF
Em`aurg
Em`aur
g fe tlg efft sw`thl(gs)
PGX
Rlg hfiightfr fe tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi dfmrb `s hfiightgb.
PGX
Em`aurg fe tlg L`-Afw stmib mhtumtfr
fr L`-Afw hfitrfa dfx.
IF
Hfiight tlg hfiightfr sghurgay.
sghurgay.
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B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
Z5[
B`smssgkday
B`smssg kday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
Dgefrg b`smssgkda`in fr rgpamh`in tlg ui`t, dg surg tf turi tlg pfwgr fee, rgkfvg tlg pfwgr hfrb erfk tlg
MH `iagt, mib maafw tlg `ihudmtfr mib tlg lgmtgrs
lgmtgrs tf hffa bfwi suee`h`gitay
suee`h`gitay..
Masf, metgr b`smssgkda`in fr rgpamh`in tlg ui`t, dg surg tf hlghj euiht`fis dmsgb fi ‑8-=.
‑ 8-=. @ispght`fi Hlghja`st‛
a`st‛ `i ‑‑Z8[
Z8[ Km`itgimihg @ispght`fi‛
@ispght`fi‛.
5-=.
Xtmib
5-=-=.
Bgtmhl`in tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Xtmib
(=) Tgkfvg tlg shrgws sghur`in tlg km`i dfby tf tlg
stmib tmdag.
Tgkfvg tlg twf lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfats (bfudag
sgks) us`in m 2kk lgx wrgihl.
Lgxmnfi sfhjgt lgmb hmp shrgw (bfudag sgks)
(4) Xa`bg tlg km`i dfby.
Xa`bg tlg stmib tmdag emhg `i tlg b`rght`fi fe tlg mrrfw uit`a tlg km`i dfby stfps.
(8) A`et up tlg km`i dfby mib bgtmhl `t erfk tlg stmib.
✻ Bf ift lfab tlg lmibag (fpt`fi) tf a`et up tlg
km`i dfby. Bf`in sf kmy bmkmng tlg lmibag.
Dg surg tf lfab tlg afwgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby
tf bgtmhl `t erfk tlg stmib.
✻
L`-Afw stmib
_grefr
_grefrk
k tlg smkg prfhgburg ttf
f bgtmhl tlg km`i
dfby erfk tlg hmd`igt typg stmib.
(Erfit)
Hmd`igt typg stmib
(Erfit)
5<
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
A-slmpg lffj
z
Hfihmvg pfrt`fi
Rf `istmaa tlg km`i dfby, ma`ni tlg A-slmpg lffj
fi tlg stmib tmdag emhg w`tl tlg hfihmvg pfrt`fi
fi tlg afwgr pmrt (dfttfk emhg) fe tlg km`i dfby,
ms wgaa ms tlg twf
t wf shrgw lfag pfs`t`fis.
5-=-4.
Tgpamh`in tlg L`-Afw Xtmib Mhtumtfr
(=) Bgtmhl tlg km`i dfby erfk tlg stmib.
(=)--(8) fe ‑5-=-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Km`i
Rmjg stgps (=)
Dfby erfk tlg Xtmib‛
Xtmib‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg stmib tmdag.
Tgkfvg tlg efur tfrqug shrgws (υ < Þ <?) us`in m
tfrqug br`vgr.
br`vgr.
Rfrqug shrgw ( < Þ <?)
(8) A`et up tlg L`-Afw stmib mhtumtfr hfvgr `i tlg b`rght`fi fe tlg mrrfw tf rgkfvg `t.
(2) R`at tlg stmib s`bgwmys.
L`-Afw stmib mhtumtfr hfvgr
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B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(7) Wipaun tlg efft sw`thl hfiightfr.
Tgkfvg tlg efur pmi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgws
(K2 Þ <) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr, tlgi uipaun
tlg hfiightfr erfk tlg rgamy dfmrb efr tlg efft
Wi`t‛.
sw`thl. Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-=
‑ <-=.. Br`vg Wi`t‛.
_mi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgw (K2 Þ <)
Hfiightfr
(5) Tgkfvg tlg hfitrfaagr dfx erfk tlg mrhl dmsg.
Tgkfvg tlg twf tfrqug shrgws us`in m tfrqug br`v-
Hfiightfr
gr, tlgi uipaun tlg hfiightfr erfk tlg L`-Afw
stmib mhtumtfr.
Rfrqug shrgw
(>) Tgkfvg tlg L`-Afw stmib mhtumtfr erfk tlg mrhl
dmsg.
Tgkfvg tlg efur tfrqug shrgws (υ < Þ <?) us`in m
tfrqug br`vgr.
br`vgr.
(<) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
^lgi `istmaa`in tlg hfiightfr fe tlg L`-Afw stmib
mhtumtfr, pmy mttgit`fi tf tlg fr`gitmt`fi fe tlg hmdag.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
z
^lgi `istmaa`in tlg stmib tmdag, pamhg tlg hfrb
hagmt fi tlg rgmr s`bg.
Rfrqug shrgw ( < Þ <?)
>?
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
Tgpamh`in tlg Efft Xw`thl
5-=-8.
(=) Bgtmhl tlg km`i dfby erfk tlg stmib.
(=)--(8) fe ‑5-=-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Km`i
Rmjg stgps (=)
Dfby erfk tlg Xtmib‛.
Xtmib‛.
(4) R`at tlg stmib s`bgwmys.
✻
Gxgrh`sg hmrg tf gisurg yfu bf ift bmkmng tlg
tlg
hfrb hagmt fr tlg A-slmpg lffj.
(8) Wipaun tlg efft sw`thl hfiightfr.
Rmjg
Rm
jg st gp (7 ) fe ‑ 5-=-4. Tgpamh`in tlg L`-Afw
Hfrb hagmt
Xtmib Mhtumtfr‛.
Mhtumtfr‛.
A-slmpg lffj
(2) Tgkfvg tlg efft sw`thl erfk tlg mrhl dmsg.
Tgkfvg tlg lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfat (K< Þ 2?) mib
Lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfat
(K< Þ 2?), spr`in wmslgr
spr`in wmslgr us`in m 5kk lgx wrgihl.
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(7) Tgkfvg tlg pamtg.
Tgkfvg tlg twf shrgws us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
Xhrgw
(5) Tgkfvg tlg slmet.
Tgkfvg tlg G-r`in us`in mi G-r`in pa`grs.
✻
M spr`in `s `istmaagb dgtwggi tlg efft sw`thl mib
tlg sw`thl spmhg. Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf bmkmng `t
bur`in tlg mssgkday prfhgss.
(>) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
G-r`in
>=
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
Tgpamh`in tlg Tgamy Dfmrb efr tlg Efft Xw`thl
5-=-2.
(=) Bgtmhl tlg km`i dfby erfk tlg stmib.
(=)--(8) fe ‑5-=-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Km`i
Rmjg stgps (=)
Dfby erfk tlg Xtmib‛.
Xtmib‛.
(4) R`at tlg stmib s`bgwmys.
✻
Gxgrh`sg hmrg tf gisurg yfu
yfu bf ift bmkmng tlg
hfrb hagmt fr tlg A-slmpg lffj.
(8) Wipaun tlg efft sw`thl hfiightfr.
Rmjg
Rm
jg st gp (7 ) fe ‑ 5-=-4. Tgpamh`in tlg L`-Afw
Xtmib Mhtumtfr‛.
Mhtumtfr‛.
(2) Tgkfvg tlg hfitrfaagr dfx erfk tlg mrhl dmsg.
B`shfiight tlg L`-Afw stmib mhtumtfr hmdag erfk
tlg L`-Afw hfitrfa dfx.
Hmdag
(7) Tgkfvg tlg rgamy dfmrb efr tlg efft sw`thl.
Wipaun tlg hfiightfr fi tlg rgamy dfmrb efr tlg
efft sw`thl, tlgi rgkfvg tlg twf pmi lgmb sgks
Hfiightfr
shrgws (K8 Þ 5) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr. Efr
Wi`t ‛.
kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-=
‑<-=.. Br`vg Wi`t‛.
(5) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
Tgpamh`in m Hmstgr
5-=-7.
(=) Bgtmhl tlg km`i dfby erfk tlg stmib.
(=)--(8) fe ‑5-=-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Km`i
Rmjg stgps (=)
Dfby erfk tlg Xtmib‛.
Xtmib‛.
(4) R`at tlg stmib s`bgwmys.
✻
Gxgrh`sg hmrg tf gisurg yfu
yfu bf ift bmkmng tlg
hfrb hagmt fr tlg A-slmpg lffj.
_mi lgmb sgks shrgw (K8 Þ 5)
>4
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(8) Tgkfvg tlg hmstgr us`in tlg spgh`ma`zgb tffa.
Tftmtg tl`s pmrt `i tlg b`rght`fi
fe tlg mrrfw
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Hfibuht`vg
hmstgr
z
_my mttgit`fi tf tlg afhmt`fi fe tlg hfibuht`vg hmstgr.
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Tgpamh`in tlg L`-Afw Hfitrfa Dfx
5-=-5.
(=) Bgtmhl tlg km`i dfby erfk tlg stmib.
(=)--(8) fe ‑5-=-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Km`i
Rmjg stgps (=)
Dfby erfk tlg Xtmib‛.
Xtmib‛.
(4) R`at tlg stmib s`bgwmys.
✻
Gxgrh`sg hmrg tf gisurg yfu bf ift bmkmng tlg
tlg
hfrb hagmt fr tlg A-slmpg lffj.
(8)--(2) fe ‑5-=-2. Tgpamh`in tlg Tgamy
(8) Rmjg stgps (8)
Dfmrb efr tlg Efft Xw`thl‛.
Xw`thl‛.
(2) Tgkfvg tlg L`-Afw hfitrfa dfx erfk tlg hfitrfaagr
dfx.
Wipaun tlg hfiightfr fe tlg rgamy dfmrb efr tlg
efft sw`thl, tlgi b`shfiight tlg tgrk`imas fe tlg
L`-Afw hfitrfa dfx. Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-=.
Rgrk`ima
Hfiightfr
Br`vg Wi`t‛.
Wi`t‛.
Tgkfvg tlg lgx iuts (K2), spr`in wmslgrs, mib
Drgmjgr
pfa`slgb rfuib wmslgrs (K2) us`in m >kk wrgihl.
wrgihl .
(7) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
Lgx iut (K2),
Xpr`in wmslgr,
_fa`slgb
rfuib
wmslgr (K2)
>8
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
Tgpamh`in tlg Drgmjgr
5-=->.
(=) Bgtmhl tlg km`i dfby erfk tlg stmib.
(=)--(8) fe ‑5-=-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Km`i
Rmjg stgps (=)
Dfby erfk tlg Xtmib‛.
Xtmib‛.
(4) R`at tlg stmib s`bgwmys.
✻
Gxgrh`sg hmrg tf gisurg yfu bf ift bmkmng tlg
tlg
hfrb hagmt fr tlg A-slmpg lffj.
(8)--(2) fe ‑5-=-2. Tgpamh`in tlg Tgamy
(8) Rmjg stgps (8)
Dfmrb efr tlg Efft Xw`thl‛.
Xw`thl‛.
(2) Tgkfvg tlg drgmjgr erfk tlg hfitrfaagr dfx.
B`shfiight maa tgrk`imas erfk tlg drgmjgr, tlgi rgkfvg tlg iuts us`in m =2kk wrgihl. Efr kfrg `i-
Iu t
Rgrk`ima
Wi`t‛.
efrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-=.
‑<-=. Br`vg Wi`t‛.
(7) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
Tgpamh`in tlg _fwgr @ib`hmtfr
5-=-<.
(=) Bgtmhl tlg km`i dfby erfk tlg stmib.
(=)--(8) fe ‑5-=-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Km`i
Rmjg stgps (=)
Dfby erfk tlg Xtmib‛.
Xtmib‛.
(4) R`at tlg stmib s`bgwmys.
✻
Gxgrh`sg hmrg tf gisurg yfu bf ift bmkmng tlg
tlg
hfrb hagmt fr tlg A-slmpg lffj.
(8)--(2) fe ‑5-=-2. Tgpamh`in tlg Tgamy
(8) Rmjg stgps (8)
Dfmrb efr tlg Efft Xw`thl‛.
Xw`thl‛.
(2) Tgkfvg tlg pfwgr `ib`hmtfr erfk tlg hfitrfaagr
Iut
dfx.
B`shfiight tlg tgrk`imas fe tlg pfwgr `ib`hmtfr
erfk tlg drgmjgr, tlgi rgkfvg tlg iuts us`in m
Rgrk`ima
=4kk wrgihl. Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-=.
‑ <-=.
Br`vg Wi`t‛.
Wi`t‛.
(7) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
R`g wrmp
>2
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-=-0.
Tgpamh`in tlg Hmd`igt Hfvgr
(=) Tgkfvg tlg hmd`igt hfvgr.
Tgkfvg tlg efur shrgws us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgw-
Xhrgw
br`vgr.
(4) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Xhrgw
z
Metgr rgmssgkda`in, kmjg surg tlmt tlgrg `s if
nmp dgtwggi tlg hfvgr mib tlg hmd`igt.
5-=-=?. Tgpamh`in tlg M`r Bmkpgr
(=) Tgkfvg tlg m`r bmkpgr.
Tgagmsg tlg tmd erfk tlg hmd`igt, tlgi rgkfvg tlg
m`r bmkpgr tfngtlgr w`tl tlg kfuit`in pamtg.
B
@
X
(4) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Rmd
z
Metgr rgmssgkda`in, kmjg surg tlmt tlgrg `s if
nmp dgtwggi tlg hfvgr mib tlg hmd`igt.
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>7
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-4.
Lffb Mssgkday
5-4-=.
Tgpamh`in tlg Hmifpy
(=) Tgkfvg tlg hmifpy.
Rmjg stgp (5) fe ‑2-=
‑2-=.. Lffb M
Mssgkday
ssgkday‛.
‛.
(4) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
5-4-4.
Tgpamh`in m Hmifpy Xghur`in Xa`bgr
(=) A`et up tlg tmd `i tlg b`rght`fi fe tlg mrrfw mib rgagmsg `t, tlgi rgkfvg tlg hmifpy sghur`in sa`bgr.
Rmd
(4) Tgkfvg tlg sgma.
✻ _grefrk tlg smkg prfhgburg tf rgkfvg ftlgr
hmifpy sghur`in sa`bgrs.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Xgma
z
^lgi mttmhl`in m igw sgma, pmy mttgit`fi tf tlg
hfrrght lfr`zfitma fr`gitmt`fi.
5-4-8.
Tgpamh`in tlg Xgisfr Kfbuag Lfabgr
(=) Tgkfvg tlg s`bg lffb (lgmb s`bg).
Fpgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga, mib tmjg stgps (5) mib
(>) fe ‑2-=
‑2-=.. Lffb M
Mssgkday
ssgkday‛.
‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg hfiightfr hmps.
Hfiightfr hmp
>5
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(8) Tgkfvg tlg sgisfr kfbuag lfabgr.
Tgkfvg tlg tlrgg hfuitgrsuij tmpp`in shrgws
Hfuitgrsuij tmpp`in shrgw (K2 Þ <)
(K2 Þ <) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
5-4-2.
Tgpamh`in m Ximp-Fpgi Mhhgss _frt
(=) Tgkfvg tlg `iigr pmiga.
Mssgkday
ssgkday‛.
Rmjg stgp (2) fe ‑2-=
‑2-=.. Lffb M
‛.
(4) Fpgi tlg simp-fpgi mhhgss pfrt mib rgagmsg tlg
tmd.
Rmd
B
@
X
(8) Tgkfvg tlg simp-fpgi mhhgss pfrt.
Xa`bg tlg simp-fpgi mhhgss pfrt `i tlg b`rght`fi fe
tlg mrrfw mib rgagmsg tlg tlrgg tmds.
✻ _grefrk tlg smkg prfhgburg tf rgkfvg ftlgr
simp-fpgi mhhgss pfrts.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
5-4-7.
Tgpamh`in mi Mbk`ttmihg _miga
(=) Tgkfvg tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga.
Fpgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga, mib tmjg stgp (7) fe
‑2-=
2-=.. Lffb M
Mssgkday
ssgkday‛.
‛.
(4) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Rmd
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>>
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-4-5.
Tgpamh`in mi Mbk`ttmihg _miga L`ing
(=) Tgkfvg tlg `iigr pmiga mib mbk`ttmihg pmiga.
(2)--(7) fe ‑2-=
Mssgkday‛.
Rmjg stgps (2)
‑2-=.. Lffb Mssgkday‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg hfiightfr hmps K8.
Hfiightfr hmp K8
(8) Tgkfvg tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga l`ing.
Ws`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr, rgkfvg tlg K8 Þ =5
K8 Þ =5 tmpp`in shrgw pamtg usgb efr kmtgr`mas
kmbg fe rgs`i (_-t`nlt), K8 sgtup wmslgr
tmpp`in shrgw pamtgs usgb efr kmtgr`mas kmbg fe
rgs`i (_-t`nlt) mib tlg K8 sgtup wmslgrs.
✻ _grefrk tlg smkg prfhgburg tf rgkfvg ftlgr
mbk`ttmihg pmiga l`ings.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
5-4->.
Tgpamh`in mi Mbk`ttmihg _miga Mx`s Xa`bgr
(=) Tgkfvg tlg `iigr pmiga mib mbk`ttmihg pmiga.
(2)--(7) fe ‑2-=
Mssgkday‛.
Rmjg stgps (2)
‑2-=.. Lffb Mssgkday‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg lfag pauns.
Lfag paun
(8) Tgkfvg tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga l`ing hfvgr.
Tgkfvg tlg twf shrgws us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
Xhrgw
><
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(2) Xa`bg tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga mx`s sa`bgr `i tlg b`rght`fi fe tlg mrrfw tf rgkfvg `t.
Lga`hma hfkprgss`fi spr`in
✻ _grefrk tlg smkg prfhgburg tf rgkfvg ftlgr
mbk`ttmihg pmiga mx`s sa`bgrs.
✻
Rlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga slmet stfppgr mib tlg lga`hma hfkprgss`fi spr`in mrg `istmaagb. Gxgrh`sg
hmrg ift tf bmkmng tlgk bur`in tlg mssgkday
prfhgss.
(7) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
Mbk`ttmihg pmiga slmet stfppgr
`i rgvgrsg.
z
^lgi rgmssgkda`in tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga mx`s
sa`bgr, e`rst kfuit tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga slmet stfppgr, tlgi `istmaa tlg slmet tfngtlgr w`tl tlg lga`hma
hfkprgss`fi spr`in. ^lgi kfuit`in tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga slmet stfppgr, kmjg surg tlmt `t `s pfs`t`figb w`tl tlg slmrp gib pf`it`in tfwmrb tlg
B
@
X
rgmr s`bg.
z
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^lgi kfuit`in tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga l`ing hfvgr,
hfvgr,
e`rst `isgrt tlg twf tmds.
5-4-<.
Tgpamh`in mi Mbk`ttmihg _miga Fpgrmt`in Jifd
(=) Tgkfvg tlg `iigr pmiga mib mbk`ttmihg pmiga.
(2)--(7) fe ‑2-=
Mssgkday‛.
Rmjg stgps (2)
‑2-=.. Lffb Mssgkday‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga fpgrmt`in jifd.
Tgkfvg tlg sgma, tlgi rgkfvg tlg shrgw us`in m
_l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr
shr gwbr`vgr..
✻ _grefrk tlg smkg prfhgburg tf rgkfvg ftlgr
mbk`ttmihg pmiga fpgrmt`in jifds.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
@e yfu t`nltgi tlg shrgw gxhgss`vgay t`nlt, tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga fpgrmt`in jifd w`aa ift kfvg.
Hlghj tlg kfvgkgit fe tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga fpgrmt`in jifd dgefrg mttmhl`in m igw sgma.
z
Dg surg tf usg m igw sgma tlmt lms tlg smkg `aaustrmt`fi ms tlg fab fig.
Xhrgw
>0
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-4-0.
Tgpamh`in tlg Mbk`ttmihg _miga Fpgrmt`in Agvgr
(=) Tgkfvg tlg `iigr pmiga mib mbk`ttmihg pmiga.
(2)--(7) fe ‑2-=
Mssgkday‛.
Rmjg stgps (2)
‑2-=.. Lffb Mssgkday‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga fpgrmt`in agvgr.
Tgkfvg tlg sgma, tlgi rgkfvg tlg twf shrgws us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr
shr gwbr`vgr..
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Xhrgw
5-8.
Km`i Dfby
5-8-=.
Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr _mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t
(7)-(>)
(=) Fpgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga, mib tmjg stgps (7)fe ‑2-=. Lffb Mssgkday‛
Mssgkday‛ mib (=)(=)-(7) fe ‑2-4. Kmttrgss _amtefrk mib @is`bg fe @ihudmtfr‛.
@ihudmtfr ‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg pfwgr sfurhg dfx hfvgr.
Tgkfvg tlg efur pmi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgws
(K8 Þ <) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
_mi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgw (K8 Þ <)
(8) _uaa fut tlg pfwgr sfurhg pmrt.
Tgkfvg tlg twf pmi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgws
(K8 Þ <) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr, tlgi puaa fut
tlg pfwgr sfurhg mssgkday `i tlg b`rght`fi fe tlg
mrrfw.
_mi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgw (K8 Þ <)
<?
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(2) B`shfiight tlg nrfuib w`rgs.
Ws`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr, rgkfvg tlg sgks
shrgws (K2 Þ <) mib tfftlgb wmslgrs (gxtgrima
tfftl3 K2) sghur`in tlg nrfuib w`rgs efr tlg lgmtgr mib tlg l`nl tgkpgrmturg sgisfr fi tlg uppgr
pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby. Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg
Dfby‛.
‑<-4. Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby‛.
Xgks shrgw (K2 Þ <),
Rfftlgb wmslgr (gxtgrima tfftl3 K2)
(7) B`shfiight w`r`in.
@e tlg XpF4 ui`t `s `ihaubgb, tmjg stgps (4) mib (8)
Dfmrb ‛.
fe ‑5-2-=.
‑5-2-=. Tgpamh`in tlg Km`i Dfmrb‛.
CM<
CM4=
Wipaun hfiightfrs (CM7, CM<, CM=0, CM4=) fi tlg
km`i dfmrb. Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-4.
‑<-4. Wppgr
Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby‛
Dfby‛ mib ‑<-8.
‑<-8. Afwgr Xgh-
CM=0
CM7
t`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby‛.
Dfby‛.
(5) Tgkfvg tlg e`atgr dfx.
B
@
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Tgkfvg tlg efur pmi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgws
(K8 Þ <) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr, tlgi b`shfiight tlg p`pg efr tlg fxyngi suppay vmavg mib tlg
hfiightfr fi tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi dfmrb. Efr
_mi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgw (K8 Þ <)
kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-8.
‑<-8. Afwgr Xght`fi fe tlg
Km`i Dfby‛.
Dfby‛.
_`pg
Hfiightfr
(>) Tgkfvg tlg uppgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby.
Tgkfvg tlg efur lfag pauns, tlgi rgkfvg tlg efur
lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfats (K5 Þ =7) us`in m 7kk lgx
wrgihl.
Lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfat (K5 Þ =7)
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<=
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(<) B`shfiight w`r`in.
A`et up tlg uppgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby mib uipaun
m hfiightfr (CH=) fi tlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb. Efr
kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-4.
‑<-4. Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg
CH=
Km`i Dfby‛.
Dfby‛.
(0) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Tgpamh`in tlg Xtgmk Nmtg
5-8-4.
(7)-(>)
(=) Fpgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga, mib tmjg stgps (7)Mssgkday‛ mib (=)(=)-(7) fe ‑2-4. Kmtfe ‑2-=. Lffb Mssgkday‛
trgss _amtefrk mib @is`bg fe @ihudmtfr‛.
@ihudmtfr ‛.
(4) _usl up tlg stgmk sa`bgr erfk `is`bg tlg luk`b`ty
hlmkdgr hrmbag, puaa tlg stgmk nmtg `i tlg b`rght`fi fe tlg mrrfw tf rgkfvg `t.
Xtgmk sa`bgr
✻ Tgkfv`in tlg stgmk nmtg bgtmhlgs tlg stgmk
sa`bgr mib stgmk nmsjgt, wl`hl brfp tf tlg `is`bg
fe tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hrmbag. Gxgrh`sg hmrg
ift tf bmkmng tlgk bur`in tlg rgmssgkday prfhgss.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Xtgmk nmtg
z
Dg surg tf rgpamhg tlg stgmk nmsjgt w`tl m igw
fig.
Tgpamh`in tlg Lgmtgr (efr Km`i Dfby)
5-8-8.
(7)-(>)
(=) Fpgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga, mib tmjg stgps (7)Mssgkday‛ mib (=)(=)-(7) fe ‑2-4. Kmtfe ‑2-=. Lffb Mssgkday‛
trgss _amtefrk mib @is`bg fe @ihudmtfr‛.
@ihudmtfr ‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg lgmtgr erfk tlg lgmtgr hfvgr.
Tgkfvg tlg twf hrfss-rghgssgb lgmb hfuitgrsuij
kmhl`ig shrgws (K2 Þ =?) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
✻
Rlg lgmtgr hfvgr nmsj
nmsjgt
gt `s `istmaagb dgtwggi
dgtwggi tlg
lgmtgr mib lgmtgr hfvgr. Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf
bmkmng `t bur`in tlg mssgkday prfhgss.
Hrfss-rghgssgb lgmb hfuitgrsuij
kmhl`ig shrgw (K2 Þ =?)
<4
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(8) B`shfiight tlg lgmtgr hmdag mib nrfuib w`rg.
Tgkfvg tlg pmi lgmb sgks shrgw (K2 Þ =?) us`in
m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr, tlgi rgkfvg tlg twf iuts
(K2) us`in m >kk dfx wrgihl.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
_mi lgmb sgks shrgw (K2 Þ =?)
z
Iut (K2)
Dg surg tf rgpamhg tlg lgmtgr hfvgr nmsjgt w`tl m
igw fig.
Tgpamh`in tlg Emi Kftfr
5-8-2.
(7)-(>)
(=) Fpgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga, mib tmjg stgps (7)fe ‑2-=. Lffb Mssgkday‛
Mssgkday‛ mib (=)(=)-(5) fe ‑2-4. Kmttrgss _amtefrk mib @is`bg fe @ihudmtfr‛.
@ihudmtfr ‛.
B
@
X
(4) Tgkfvg tlg shrgws sghur`in tlg emi kftfr.
Tgkfvg tlg tlrgg sgmas, tlgi rgkfvg tlg pmi lgmb
_mi
lgmb
(K2 Þ
=7),bfudag
F-r`inssgks
(X2) shrgw
bfudag sgks shrgws (K2 Þ =7) us`in m _l`aa`ps
shrgwbr`vgr. Masf rgkfvg tlg F-r`ins (X2).
(8) A`et up tlg emi kftfr wl`ag sa`nltay rftmt`in `t hfuitgrhafhjw`sg, mib uipaun tlg twf hfiightfrs fe tlg
emi kftfr mib tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi dfmrb.
✻
Mi F-r`in (X=4?) `s `istmaagb dgtwggi tlg uppgr
pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby mib tlg emi kftfr. Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf bmkmng `t bur`in tlg mssgkday
prfhgss.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
Hfiightfr
`i rgvgrsg.
Hfiightfr
z
Dg surg tf rgpamhg tlg (X=4?) F-r`in w`tl m igw
fig.
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<8
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
Tgpamh`in tlg L`nl Rgkpgrmturg Xgisfr
5-8-7.
(=) Tgkfvg tlg uppgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby.
(=)--(<) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (=)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) B`shfiight tlg tgrk`imas mib nrfuib w`rg hfiightgb tf tlg l`nl tgkpgrmturg sgisfr
sgisfr..
Rf b`shfi
b`s hfiigh
ightt tlg nrfui
nr fuib
b w`rg,
w`r g, usg m >kk dfx
Nrfuib w`rg
wrgih
wr
gihl
l tf rgkfv
rg kfvg
g tlg iut (K2),
(K2 ), spr`in
spr `in wmslgr
wms lgr
(K2), mib tfftlgb wmslgr (gxtgrima tfftl3 K2).
Rgrk`ima
Iut (K2),
Xpr`in wmslgr (K2),
Rfftlgb wmslgr
(gxtgrima tfftl3 K2)
(8) Tgkfvg tlg l`nl tgkpgrmturg sgisfr.
Ws`in m 7.7kk dfx wrgihl, rgkfvg tlg iut (K8),
Iut (K8), Xpr`in wmslgr (K8), _am`i wmslgr (K8)
spr`in wmslgr (K8), mib pam`i wmslgr (K8).
✻
Rlg lgmtgr pamtg nmsjg
nmsjgtt `s `istmaagb dgtwggi tlg
uppgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby mib tlg l`nl tgkpgrmturg sgisfr. Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf bmkmng `t
bur`in tlg mssgkday prfhgss.
Iut (K8), Xpr`in wmslgr (K8), _am`i wmslgr (K8)
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Dg surg tf rgpamhg tlg lgmtgr pamtg nmsjgt w`tl m
igw fig.
5-8-5.
Tgpamh`in tlg _fwgr Xfurhg Dfx Hfvgr
(=) Tgkfvg tlg pfwgr sfurhg dfx hfvgr.
Rmjg stgp (4) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr _mrt
fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg hfrb hagmt.
Tgkfvg tlg tmpp`in shrgws usgb efr kmtgr`mas
kmbg fe rgs`i (K2 Þ =2) mib pfa`slgb rfuib wmslgrs us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
Rmpp`in shrgw usgb efr kmtgr`mas kmbg fe
rgs`i (K2 Þ =2), _fa`slgb rfuib wmslgr
<2
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(8) Tgkfvg tlg b`spamy pfag lffjs fi dftl tlg aget mib
r`nlt s`bgs.
Rmpp`in shrgw usgb efr kmtgr`mas kmbg fe
rgs`i (K2 Þ =2), _fa`slgb rfuib wmslgr
Tgkfvg tlg tmpp`in shrgws usgb efr kmtgr`mas
kmbg fe rgs`i (K2 Þ =2) mib pfa`slgb rfuib wmslgrs us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
^lgi yfu lmvg rgpamhgb tlg pfwgr sfurhg hfvgr
dfx, bgtmhl tlg spgh`e`hmt`fi pamtg erfk tlg fab
dfx mib mttmhl `t tf tlg igw fig.
5-8->.
Tgpamh`in tlg Hfitrfa Dfx Hfvgr
(7)-(>)
(=) Fpgi tlg mbk`ttmihg pmiga, mib tmjg stgps (7)Mssgkday‛.
fe ‑2-=
‑2-=.. Lffb Mssgkday‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg pfwgr sfurhg dfx hfvgr.
Rmjg stgp (4) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr _mrt
fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
hfvgr.
(8) Tgkfvg tlg hfitrfa dfx hfvgr.
Tgkfvg tlg tlrgg sgmas, tlgi rgkfvg tlg tlrgg
Hrfss-rghgssgb lgmb hfuitgrsuij
kmhl`ig shrgws (K8 Þ <)
hrfss-rghgssgb lgmb hfuitgrsuij kmhl`ig shrgws
(K8 Þ <) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
Tgkfvg tlg tlrgg pmi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgws
(K8 Þ =4) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
✻ Rlg rfuib s`a`hfi str`in `s `istmaagb. Gxgrh`sg
hmrg ift tf bmkmng `t bur`in tlg mssgkday prfhgss.
_mi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgws (K8 Þ =4)
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B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(2) Tgkfvg tlg lmibag hfvgr `e tlg lmibag `s mttmhlgb.
Tgkfvg tlg tlrgg lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfats us`in m
lgx wrgihl.
Lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfat
(7) Tgkfvg tlg lmibag dmsg.
Tgkfvg tlg twf lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfats us`in m lgx
wrgihl.
(5) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfat
z
Dg surg tf rgpamhg tlg rfuib s`a`hfi str`in w`tl m
igw fig.
Lmibag hmp
Tgpamh`in tlg X`bg Lffb E`x`in Jifd
5-8-<.
(=) Tgkfvg tlg s`bg lffb e`x`in jifd.
Tgkfvg tlg W-iuts (K5) us`in m =?kk dfx
wrgihl.
✻
Rwf F-r`ins (_0), efur pam`i wmslgrs (K5),
(K5), mib
twf hfi`hma spr`in wmslgrs mrg `istmaagb. Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf bmkmng tlgk bur`in tlg mssgkday prfhgss.
(4) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
W-iut (K5)
`i rgvgrsg.
z
@e yfu t`nltgi tlg W-iuts (K5) gxhgss`vgay t`nlt,
F-r`in (_0)
tlg s`bg lffb e`x`in jifd w`aa ift kfvg. Hlghj tlg
Hfi`hma spr`in wmslgr
kfvgkgit fe tlg s`bg lffb e`x`in jifd dgefrg `istmaa`in tlg hfitrfa
hfi trfa dfx hfvgr.
_am`i wmslgr (K5)
_am`i wmslgr (K5)
<5
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-8-0.
Tgpamh`in tlg _fwgr Xw`thl
(=) _uaa fut tlg pfwgr sfurhg pmrt.
(4)--(8) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (4)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) B`shfiight w`r`in.
@e tlg XpF4 ui`t `s `ihaubgb, tmjg stgps (4) mib (8)
fe ‑5-2-=.
‑5-2-=. Tgpamh`in tlg Km`i Dfmrb‛.
Dfmrb ‛.
Wipaun m hfiightfr (CM=0) erfk tlg km`i dfmrb.
Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-8.
‑<-8. Afwgr Xght`fi fe
tlg Km`i Dfby‛.
Dfby‛.
HfiightfrCM=0
(8) Tgkfvg tlg pfwgr sw`thl.
Tgkfvg tlg twf pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ 5)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
_mi lgmb sgks shrgwK8Þ5
z
^lgi `istmaa`in tlg pfwgr sw`thl, pmy mttgit`fi tf
tlg sw`thl FI/FEE pfs`t`fi.
5-8-=?. Tgpamh`in tlg Bgtght`fi Dfmrb
(=) Tgkfvg tlg e`atgr dfx.
(4)--(8) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (4)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb.
Tgkfvg tlg efur pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr, tlgi uipaun m hfiightfr (CB=) erfk tlg bgtght`fi dfmrb. Efr kfrg
`iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-4.
‑<-4. Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i
Dfby‛.
Dfby‛.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
_mi lgmb sgks shrgwK8Þ<
HfiightfrCB=
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B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-8-==. Tgpamh`in tlg R`at`in Wi`t
hfvgr.
(=) Tgkfvg tlg hfitrfa dfx hfvgr.
(=)--(8) fe ‑5-8->. Tgpamh`in tlg Hfitrfa
Rmjg stgps (=)
Dfx Hfvgr‛.
Hfvgr‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg t`at`in mrk.
Ws`in m 7kk lgx wrgihl, rgkfvg tlg lgx sfhjgt
lgmb dfat (w`tl Hlgk`Xgma), spr`in wmslgr (K5),
mib pfa`slgb rfuib wmslgr (K5).
Tgkfvg tlg lgx sfhjgt lgmb sgtshrgw (K5 Þ =?)
us`in m 8kk lgx wrgihl.
✻
Lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfat (w`tl
Hlgk`Xgma), Xpr`in wmslgr (K5),
_fa`slgb rfuib wmslgr (K5)
Rlg F-r`in (_4?) `s `istmaagb. Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift
tf bmkmng `t bur`in tlg mssgkday prfhgss.
(8) Tgkfvg tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk t`at`in jifd.
Tgkfvg tlg efur lgx sfhjgt lgmb sgtshrgws (K7 Þ 5)
Lgx sfhjgt lgmb sgtshrgw (K5 Þ =?)
Lgx sfhjgt lgmb
sgtshrgws (K7 Þ 5)
us`in m 4.7kk lgx wrgihl.
Lgx sfhjgt lgmb sgtshrgws (K7 Þ 5)
(2) Tgkfvg tlg t`at`in ui`t.
_mi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgw (K2 Þ =?)
Tgkfvg tlg efur pmi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgws
(K2 Þ =?) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(7) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Dg surg tf rgpamhg tlg (_4?) F-r`in w`tl m igw
_mi lgmb bfudag sgks shrgw (K2 Þ =?)
fig.
5-8-=4. Tgpamh`in tlg _fs`t`fi Bgtght`fi Dfmrb (K`bbag Dfmrb Bgtght`fi)
(=) Tgkfvg tlg e`atgr dfx.
Rmjg stgps (4)
(4)--(5) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi dfmrb.
Tgkfvg tlg wmslgr lgmb us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgw-
Hfiightfr
br`vgr,, tlgi uipaun tlg hfiightfr er
br`vgr
erfk
fk tlg pfs`t`fi
bgtght`fi dfmrb. Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-4.
‑ <-4.
Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby‛.
Dfby‛.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
^mslgr lgmb
<<
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-8-=8. Tgpamh`in tlg E`atgr Cf`it
(=) Tgkfvg tlg e`atgr dfx.
(4)--(5) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (4)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
mr rfw.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg e`atgr cf`it `i tlg b`rght`fi fe tlg mrrfw.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
E`atgr cf`it
5-8-=2. Tgpamh`in tlg Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr Hfvgr _mhj`in
(=) Tgkfvg tlg uppgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby.
(=)--(<) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (=)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hfvgr pmhj`in erfk
tlg afwgr pmr t fe tlg km`i dfby.
Luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hfvgr pmhj`in
5-8-=7. Tgpamh`in tlg Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr Hrmbag
(=) Tgkfvg tlg uppgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby.
(=)--(<) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (=)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi dfmrb.
Tgkfvg tlg _-t`nlt pmi lgmb shrgw (K8 Þ 5) us`in
m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr
shr gwbr`vgr..
_-t`nlt pmi lgmb shrgw (K8 Þ 5)
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<0
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(8) B`shfiight w`r`in.
@e tlg XpF4 ui`t `s `ihaubgb, tmjg stgps (4) mib (8)
fe ‑5-2-=.
‑5-2-=. Tgpamh`in tlg Km`i Dfmrb‛.
Dfmrb ‛.
CM8
Hut fee tlg tlrgg t`g-wrmps, mib uipaun m hfiightfr
(CM8) fi tlg km`i dfmrb mib m hfiightfr (CH4) fi
tlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb. Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi,
Dfby‛.
sgg ‑<-8.
‑<-8. Afwgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby‛.
CH4
(2) Tgkfvg tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hrmbag.
Rmpp`in shrgw usgb efr kmtgr`mas kmbg fe rgs`i (K8 Þ <)
Tgkfvg tlg efur tmpp`in shrgws usgb efr kmtgr`mas
kmbg fe rgs`i (K8 Þ <) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(7) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
Rmpp`in shrgw usgb efr kmtgr`mas kmbg fe rgs`i (K8 Þ <)
`i rgvgrsg.
z
@istmaa igw t`g-wrmps tf rgpamhg fab figs tlmt lmvg
dggi hut fee.
5-8-=5. Tgpamh`in tlg Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr Hfvgr
(=) Tgkfvg tlg luk`b`ty hlmkdgr hfvgr.
Tgkfvg tlg twf _-t`nlt eamt lgmb shrgws (K8 Þ =?)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(4) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
_-t`nlt eamt lgmb shrgw (K8 Þ =?)
0?
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-8-=>. Tgpamh`in tlg _fs`t`fi Bgtght`fi Dfmrb (efr Bgtght`in tlg Df`agr Hmp)
(=) Tgkfvg tlg uppgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby.
(=)--(<) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (=)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg pfs`t`fi bgtght`fi dfmrb.
Wipaun tlg hfiightfr, tlgi rgkfvg tlg _-t`nlt pmi
_-t`nlt pmi lgmb shrgw (K8 Þ 5)
lgmb shrgw (K8 Þ 5) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-8.
‑<-8. Afwgr Xght`fi fe
tlg Km`i Dfby‛.
Dfby‛.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Hfiightfr
Hfitrfa
rfa _fwgr R
Rrmisefrkgr
rmisefrkgr
5-8-=<. Tgpamh`in tlg Hfit
(=) Tgkfvg tlg uppgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby.
(=)--(<) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (=)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) B`shfiight w`r`in.
@e tlg XpF4 ui`t `s `ihaubgb, tmjg stgps (4) mib (8)
Dfmrb ‛.
fe ‑5-2-=.
‑5-2-=. Tgpamh`in tlg Km`i Dfmrb‛.
Hut fee tlg tlrgg t`g-wrmps, mib uipaun m hfiightfr
(CM=5) fi tlg km`i dfmrb mib m hfiightfr (CH>) fi
tlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb. Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi,
CM=5
Dfby‛.
sgg ‑<-8.
‑<-8. Afwgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby‛.
CH>
(8) Tgkfvg tlg hfitrfa pfwgr trmisefrkgr.
Tgkfvg tlg tmpp`in shrgws usgb efr kmtgr`mas
kmbg fe rgs`i (K2 Þ =2) mib pfa`slgb rfuib wmslgrs us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Rmpp`in shrgw usgb efr kmtgr`mas kmbg fe
rgs`i (K2 Þ =2), _fa`slgb rfuib wmslgr
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@istmaa igw t`g-wrmps tf rgpamhg fab figs tlmt lmvg
dggi hut fee.
0=
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-2.
_fwgr Xfurhg _mrt
5-2-=.
Tgpamh`in tlg Km`i Dfmrb
(=) _uaa fut tlg pfwgr sfurhg pmrt.
Rmjg stgps (4)
(4)--(8) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
fx`kgtgr.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg puasg fx`kgtgr.
Tgkfvg tlg twf sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <) us`in m
Xgks shrgw (K8 Þ <)
_l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr, mib puaa fut tlg XpF 4 ui`t.
✻ Rlg e`nurg `s slfwi ms Kms`kf. Rmjg tlg smkg
stgps efr Igaahfr
Igaahfr..
(8) Tgkfvg tlg XpF4 sa`bg pamtg.
Wipaun m hfiightfr (CM4) fi tlg km`i dfmrb, tlgk
rgkfvg tlg tlrgg pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
_mi lgmb sgks shrgw (K8 Þ <)
Hfiightfr (CM4)
_mi lgmb sgks shrgw (K8 Þ <)
(2) Wipaun hfiightfrs (CM8, CM2, CM7, CM<, CM0, CM=?,
CM==,
CM=
=, CM=
CM=5,
5, CM=
CM=>,
>, CM=0,
CM=0, CM4=,
CM4=, CM44)
CM44) fi tlg km`i
km`i dfmr
dfmrb.
b.
Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-4.
‑<-4. Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg
Km`i Dfby‛
Dfby‛ mib ‑<-8.
‑<-8. Afwgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i
CM0
CM=?
CM<
CM2
CM44
CM8
CM==
CM4=
Dfby‛.
Dfby
‛.
CM=> CM=0
CM7
CM=5
04
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(7) Tgkfvg tlg km`i dfmrb.
Tgkfvg tlg twf stubs us`in m 7kk dfx wrgihl,
tlgi rgkfvg tlg twf pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
Tgkfvg tlg e`vg pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(5) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
Xtub
_mi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
`i rgvgrsg.
Metgrr rgmssg
rgm ssgkda
kda`in
`in,, hfie`n
hfi e`nurg
urg vmr
vmr`fu
`fuss mbvmih
mbv mihgb
gb
(>) Metg
sgtt`ins fi tlg b`spamy.
_mi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
_mi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
_mi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
5-2-4.
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Tgpamh`in tlg Dmttgry efr tlg _fwgr Em`aurg Mamrk
(=) Tgkfvg tlg km`i dfmrb.
(=)--(7) fe ‑5-2-=. Tgpamh`in tlg Km`i
Rmjg stgps
stgp s (=)
Dfmrb‛.
Dfmrb‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg dmttgry efr tlg pfwgr em`aurg mamrk.
Hut fee tlg twf agmbs fe tlg dmttgry efr tlg pfwgr
em`aurg mamrk us`in b`mnfima pa`grs. Rlg agmbs mrg
sfabgrgb tf tlg km`i dfmrb.
Agmb
(8) Hfiight tlg rgpamhgkgit dmttgry efr tlg pfwgr em`aurg mamrk tf tlg km`i dfmrb.
_aun `i tlg hfiightfr fe tlg dmttgry efr tlg pfwgr
em`aurg mamrk tf tlg (CM=<) hfiightfr fi tlg km`i
dfmrb.
Hfiightfr (CM=<)
08
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(2) Xghurg tlg rgpamhgkgit dmttgry efr tlg pfwgr em`aurg mamrk fi tf tlg km`i dfmrb.
Wsg tlg twf lfags `i tlg km`i dfmrb tf sghurg tlg
dmttgry w`tl m t`g-wrmp.
(7) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Lfag `i tlg km`i dfmrb
5-2-8.
Tgpamh`in tlg Lgmtgr Hfitrfa Dfmrb w`tl Eusg
(=) Tgkfvg tlg uppgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby.
(=)--(<) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (=)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) Wipaun hfiightfrs (CH=, CH4, CH>) erfk tlg lgmtgr
hfitrfa dfmrb. Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-4.
‑<-4. Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby‛
Dfby ‛ mib ‑<-8.
‑<-8. Afwgr
Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby‛.
Dfby ‛.
CH4
CH=
CH>
(8) Tgkfvg tlg lgmtgr hfitrfa dfmrb.
Tgkfvg tlg twf pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
mib twf pmi lgmb kmhl`ig shrgws (Tgiy) us`in m
_l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr
shr gwbr`vgr..
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
_mi lgmb kmhl`ig shrgw (Tgiy)
_mi lgmb sgks shrgw (K8 Þ <)
02
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-2-2.
Tgpamh`in tlg MH @iagt
(=) _uaa fut tlg pfwgr sfurhg pmrt.
(4)--(8) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (4)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) B`shfiight tlg MH `iagt hfiight`in tgrk`imas.
Tgkfvg tlg twf pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
_mi lgmb sgks shrgw (K8 Þ <)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr, tlgi b`shfiight tlg
MH `iagt tgrk`imas hfiightgb tf tlg eusg lfabgr.
lfabgr.
(8) B`shfiight tlg prftght`vg gmrtl tgrk`ima efr tlg
MH `iagt.
Xgks shrgw (K2 Þ <),
^mslgr
Ws`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr, rgkfvg tlg sgks
shrgw (K2 Þ <) mib wmslgr sghur`in tlg prftght`vg
gmrtl tgrk`ima efr tlg MH `iagt. Efr kfrg `iefrkm-
B
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Dfby‛.
t`fi, sgg ‑<-8.
‑<-8. Afwgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby‛.
(2) Tgkfvg tlg MH `iagt.
Tgkfvg tlg twf hfuitgrsuij kmhl`ig shrgws
(K8 Þ <) us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(7) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Hfuitgrsuij
Hfuitgr
suij kmhl`ig shrgw (K8 Þ <)
5-2-7.
Tgpamh`in tlg Duzzgr
(=) _uaa fut tlg pfwgr sfurhg pmrt.
(4)--(8) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (4)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) B`shfiight w`r`in.
@e tlg XpF4 ui`t `s `ihaubgb, tmjg stgps (4) mib (8)
Dfmrb ‛.
fe ‑5-2-=.
‑5-2-=. Tgpamh`in tlg Km`i Dfmrb‛.
Tgkfvg tlg hfiightfr (CM=>) fi tlg km`i dfmrb.
Efr kfrg `iefrkmt`fi, sgg ‑<-8.
‑<-8. Afwgr Xght`fi fe
tlg Km`i Dfby‛.
Dfby‛.
CM=>
07
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
duzzgr.
(8) Tgkfvg tlg duzzgr.
Tgkfvg tlg twf pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
_mi lgmb sgks shrgw (K8 Þ <)
5-2-5.
Tgpamh`in tlg If`sg E`atgr
(=) Tgkfvg tlg uppgr pmrt fe tlg km`i dfby.
(=)--(<) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (=)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) B`shfiight tlg tgrk`imas sghurgb tf tlg tgrk`ima
dafhj.
Fpgi tlg tgrk`ima dafhj hfvgr fe tlg if`sg e`atgr,
mib b`shfiight tlg tgrk`imas sghurgb tf tlg tgrk`ima dafhj us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
Rgrk`ima
e`atgr.
(8) Tgkfvg tlg if`sg e`atgr.
Tgkfvg tlg twf pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K2 Þ <)
Xgks shrgw (K2 Þ <)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Xgks shrgw (K2 Þ <)
05
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
Tgpamh`in tlg Eusg
5-2->.
(=) _uaa fut tlg pfwgr sfurhg pmrt.
(4)--(8) fe ‑5-8-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Wppgr
Rmjg stgps (4)
_mrt fe tlg Km`i Dfby erfk tlg Km`i Dfby Wi`t‛.
Wi`t ‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg eusg.
_uaa fut tlg eusg us`in m eamt-dambg shrgwbr`vgr.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Eusg
5-2-<.
Tgpamh`in tlg @isuamt`in Xudstrmtg efr XpF 4 Wi`t
fx`kgtgr.
(=) Tgkfvg tlg puasg fx`kgtgr.
Dfmrb‛.
Rmjg stgp (4) fe ‑5-2-=.
‑5-2-=. Tgpamh`in tlg Km`i Dfmrb‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg XpF4 dfmrb erfk tlg puasg fx`kgtgr.
✻ Rlg e`nurg `s slfwi ms Kms`kf. Rmjg tlg smkg
stgps efr Igaahfr.
_uasg fx`kgtgr (Kms`kf)
(8) Tgkfvg tlg `isuamt`in sudstrmtg efr XpF4 ui`t.
Affsgi tlg twf sgtshrgws (K8 Þ 5) us`in m lgx
wrgih
wrg
ihl.
l. Tgkfv
Tgkfvg
g tlg
tlg efur
efur b
bfu
fudag
dag sgk
sgkss sshrg
hrgws
ws (K
(K8
8Þ 5
5))
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
Bfudag sgks shrgw (K8 Þ 5)
`i rgvgrsg.
Xgtshrgws (K8 Þ 5)
z
^lgi `istmaa`in tlg puasg fx`kgtgr fi tf tlg pfwgr sfurhg pmrt, gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf hmthl tlg
duzzgr hmdag.
B
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0>
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-7.
B`spamy Wi`t
5-7-=.
Bgtmhl`in tlg Tgmr _miga erfk tlg Erfit _miga
(=) Tgkfvg tlg rgmr pmiga.
Tgkfvg tlg efur pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
_mi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
(4) Wipaun tlg hfiightfr erfk tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb.
Hfiightfr
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
5-7-4.
Tgpamh`in tlg Xpgmjgr
(=) Bgtmhl tlg rgmr pmiga erfk tlg erfit pmiga.
(=) -(4) fe ‑5-7-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Tgmr
Rmjg stgps (=)_miga erfk tlg Erfit _miga‛.
_miga‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg spgmjgr e`x`in drmhjgt.
Tgkfvg tlg efur pmi lgmb _-t`nlt shrgws (K8 Þ 5)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
_mi lgmb _-t`nlt shrgw (K8 Þ 5)
(8) B`shfiight tlg spgmjgr hmdag erfk tlg spgmjgr.
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
z
^lgi `istmaa`in tlg spgmjgr, pmy mttgit`fi tf tlg
pfs`t`fi fe tlg tgrk`ima.
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
Xpgmjgr hmdag
0<
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-7-8.
Tgpamh`in tlg B`spamy Mttmhlkgit
(=) Tgkfvg tlg mttmhlkgit hfvgr.
Mttmhlkgit hfvgr
(4) Tgkfvg tlg b`spamy mttmhlkgit.
Tgkfvg tlg lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfat (K< Þ 5?) us`in
m 5kk lgx wrgihl, mib tlg W-iut (K<) us`in m
Lgx sfhjgt lgmb dfat (K< Þ 5?)
W-iut (K<)
=8kk dfx wrgihl.
✻ Rwf pam`i wmslgrs (K<), fig hfi`hma spr`in
wmslgr (K<), mib twf wmslgrs mrg `istmaagb. Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf bmkmng tlgk bur`in tlg mssgkday prfhgss.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Hfi`hma spr`in
wmslgr (K<)
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
^mslgr
_am`i wmslgr (K<)
B
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00
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-7-2.
Tgpamh`in tlg Tgmr _miga
(=) Tgkfvg tlg b`spamy mttmhlkgit.
(=)-(8) fe ‑5-7-8.
Rmjg stgps (=)‑ 5-7-8. Tgpamh`in tlg B`spamy
Mttmhlkgit‛.
Mttmhlkgit
‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg rgmr pmiga.
Tgkfvg tlg efur pmi lgmb sgks shrgws (K8 Þ <)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
(8) Tgkfvg tlg spgmjgr e`x`in drmhjgt.
Xpgmjgr‛.
Rmjg stgp (4) fe ‑5-7-4.
‑5-7-4. Tgpamh`in tlg Xpgmjgr‛.
_mi lgmb sgks shrgw (K8 Þ <)
(2) Tgkfvg tlg mttmhlkgit pamtg.
Tgkfvg tlg efur pmi lgmb _-t`nlt shrgws (K8 Þ 5)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
_mi lgmb _-t`nlt shrgw (K8 Þ 5)
_mi lgmb _-t`nlt shrgw (K8 Þ 5)
(7) Tgkfvg tlg hfiightfr hmps.
_uaa fut fr hut fee tlg hfiightfr hmp stgks tf rgkfvg tlg hfiightfr hmps erfk tlg rgmr pmiga.
Hfiightfr hmp efr @/F pfrt
(5) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
@istmaa igw hfiightfr hmps tf rgpamhg fab figs `e
z
tlg stgks lmvg dggi hut fee
f ee..
^lgi `istmaa`in tlg spgmjgr, pmy mttgit`fi tf tlg
pfs`t`fi fe tlg tgrk`ima.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
Hfiightfr hmp efr HE hmrb
=??
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-7-7.
Tgpamh`in tlg AHB B`spamy
(=) Bgtmhl tlg rgmr pmiga erfk tlg erfit pmiga.
(=) -(4) fe ‑5-7-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Tgmr
Rmjg stgps (=)_miga erfk tlg Erfit _miga‛.
_miga‛.
Rmpg
(4) _gga fee tlg tmpg sghur`in tlg egrr`tg hfrg.
(8) B`shfiight tlg AHB b`spamy hmdags.
B`shfiight tlg eagx`dag eamt hmdags erfk tlg AHB
b`spamy dfmrb.
Eagx`dag eamt hmdag
B
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(2) Tgkfvg tlg AHB b`spamy.
Tgkfvg tlg pmiga slggt, tlgi rgkfvg tlg AHB b`spamy sghurgb w`tl bfudag-st`hj tmpg.
(7) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
_miga slggt
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
Bfudag-st`hj
tmpg
5-7-5.
Tgpamh`in tlg AHB B`spamy Dfmrb
(=) Bgtmhl tlg rgmr pmiga erfk tlg erfit pmiga.
(=) -(4) fe ‑5-7-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Tgmr
Rmjg stgps (=)_miga erfk tlg Erfit _miga‛.
_miga‛.
Rlgi, tmjg stgps (=)-(4) fe ‑5-7-7. Tgpamh`in tlg
AHB B`spamy‛.
B`spamy‛.
(4) B`shfiight tlg AHB b`spamy hmdags.
Eagx`dag eamt hmdag
B`shfiight tlg eagx`dag eamt hmdags erfk tlg AHB
b`spamy dfmrb.
=?=
=?=
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
(8) Tgkfvg tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb.
Tgkfvg tlg e`vg pmi lgmb _-t`nlt shrgws (K8 Þ 5)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
✻ Rlrgg tfftlgb wmslgrs mrg `istmaagb dgtwggi
tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb mib tlg sl`gab pamtg. Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf bmkmng tlgk bur`in tlg mssgkday prfhgss.
_mi lgmb _-t`nlt shrgw (K8 Þ 5)
(2) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
Tgpamh`in tlg Erfit _miga
5-7->.
(=) Tgkfvg tlg AHB b`spamy.
(=)-(8) fe ‑5-7-7. Tgpamh`in tlg AHB
Rmjg stgps
stgp s (=)B`spamy‛.
B`spamy
‛.
tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb mib sl`gab pamtg.
(4) Tgkfvg
Tgkfvg tlg e`vg pmi lgmb _-t`nlt shrgws (K8 Þ 5)
_mi lgmb _-t`nlt shrgw (K8 Þ 5)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
✻ Rlrgg tfftlgb wmslgrs mrg `istmaagb dgtwggi
tlg AHB b`spamy dfmrb mib tlg sl`gab pamtg. Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf bmkmng tlgk bur`in tlg mssgkday prfhgss.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
5-7-<.
Tgpamh`in tlg Duttfi Dmttgry efr B`spamy
(=) Bgtmhl tlg rgmr pmiga erfk tlg erfit pmiga.
(=) -(4) fe ‑5-7-=. Bgtmhl`in tlg Tgmr
Rmjg stgps (=)_miga erfk tlg Erfit _miga‛.
_miga‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg duttfi dmttgry erfk tlg AHB b`spamy
dfmrb.
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
`i rgvgrsg.
Metgrr rgmssgkd
rgms sgkda`in
a`in,, hfie`nur
hfie `nurg
g tlg t`kg mib bmtg
(2) Metg
sgtt`ins fi tlg b`spamy.
Duttfi Dmttgry
z
Gxgrh`sg hmrg ift tf p`ihl tlg hmdag.
=?4
B`smssgkday mib Tgpamhgkgit _rfhgburgs
5-5.
Kmttrgss _amtefrk Wi`t
5-5-=.
Tgpamh`in tlg Dmdy Numrb/Dmdy Numrb (X`bg)
(=) Tgkfvg tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk.
Kmttrgss _amtefrk mib @is`bg
Rmjg stgp (4) fe ‑2-4.
‑2-4. Kmttrgss
fe @ihudmtfr‛.
@ihudmtfr‛.
(4) Lfab tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk mib puaa tlg dmdy numrb
upwmrb.
`isgr t tlg numrbs `itf tlg twf safts
(8) Rf rgmssgkdag, `isgrt
mib sghurg tlgk. @isgrt tlg dmdy numrbs sf tlmt
tlgrg `s if nmp dgtwggi tlg numrbs mib tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk.
Dmdy numrb
z
_my mttgit`fi tf tlg fr`gitmt`fi fe tlg dmdy numrbs
wlgi `isgrt`in tlgk.
X`bg dmdy numrb
5-5-4.
Tgpamh`in tlg Amthl
(=) Tgkfvg tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk trmy.
Rmjg stgp (2) fe ‑2-4.
‑2-4. Kmttrgss
Kmttrgss _amtefrk mib @is`bg
fe @ihudmtfr‛.
@ihudmtfr‛.
(4) Tgkfvg tlg kmttrgss pamtefrk trmy hfvgr.
Tgkfvg tlg efur sgmas, tlgi rgkfvg tlg efur tmpp`in
shrgws usgb efr kmtgr`mas kmbg fe rgs`i (K2 Þ =?)
us`in m _l`aa`ps shrgwbr`vgr.
Rmpp`in shrgw usgb efr
kmtgr`mas kmbg fe rgs`i
(K2 Þ =?)
Rmpp`in shrgw usgb efr kmtgr`mas
kmbg fe rgs`i (K2 Þ =?)
(8) Tgkfvg tlg amthl.
Tgkfvg tlg twf lga`hma hfkprgss`fi spr`ins `is`bg
tlg amthl.
Rfrgvgrsg.
rgmssgkdag, efaafw tlg b`smssgkday prfhgburg
(2) `i
Lga`hma hfkprgss`fi spr`in
B
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=?8
^`r`in B`mnrmk
Z<[ ^`r`in B`mnrmk
<-=.
Br`vg Wi`t
Rf tlg L`-Afw stmib
mhtumtfr
Daug
Drfwi
Rf tlg efft sw`thl
x
d
f
a
f
rt
i
f
H
w
f
-a`
L
Drgmjgr
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_fwgr `ib`hmtfr
T
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F
I
Efft sw`thl
Rf tlg l`-afw hfitrfa dfx
Damhj
Afwgr`in X^
CT=
Tms`in X^
Tgb
Tgamy dfmrb efr efft sw`thl
Efft sw`thl
=?7
^`r`in B`mnrmk
<-4.
Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby
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
































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
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















































 



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





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
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
=?<
_mrts A`st
Z0[ _mrts A`st
✻ Rlg bgshr`pt`fi `i tl`s sght`fi rgamtgs tf m ui`t wl`hl `s gqu`ppgb w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr mib m wg`nlt
kfi`tfr.. _agmsg sj`p miy rgegrgihg uirgamtgb tf yfur ui`t.
kfi`tfr
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
=?0
_mrts A`st
0-=.
E`n-= Km`i Dfby mib Mhhgssfr`gs
4
=
8
<
2
Xtmibmrb mhhgssfr`gs
7
5
>
Mhhgssfr`gs efr fxyngi hfitrfaagr
gqu`ppgb ui`ts
0
=?
E`n-=
==?
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
=-=
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
B`spamy
<>??=
Xgisfr Kfbuag
0<744
Xgisfr Kfbuag efr Fxyngi Hfitrfaagr Rypg
0<748
Br`p _rffe Xt`hjgr
0<>>0
_fwgr Hfrb (MH=4?U) WA
00?=5
_fwgr Hfrb (MH48?U)
00?=>
=-7
_igukfhagmi (gaghtrfstmt`h m`r e`atgr)
5?450
=-5
Xj`i tgkp prfdg, 7kk F.B. (P)
5?<<0
=->
Mhhgss pfr t hfvgr
5?<5?
Luk`b`ty Hlmk
lmkdgr (w/
(w/Hmrt
rtr`
r`n
ng Rmij
mij, Df`agr Hmp) (MH=4?U)
<>??4
Luk`b`ty Hlmk
lmkdgr (w/
(w/Hmrt
rtr`
r`n
ng Rmij
mij, Df`agr Hmp) (MH48?U)
<>??8
=-4
=-8
=-2
=-<
=-0
=-=?
_`p`in hfiight`in lfsg efr fxyngi (nrggi)
(B@XX Hfupagr w/f Cmhj) 8k
Fxyngi Xgisfr
0<78=
5?<70
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
===
_mrts A`st
0-4.
E`n-4 B`spamy
0
=?
<
5
7
2
8
==
>
4
=4
=
E`n-4
==4
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
4-=
_miga Xlggt
<>?70
4-4
AHB B`spamy
<>??7
4-8
Erfit _miga
<>??2
4-2
AHB B`spamy Dfmrb
<>??5
4-7
Tgmr _miga
<>??>
4-5
Hfiightfr Hmp efr @/F _fr t
0<72=
4->
Hfiightfr Hmp efr HEhmrb _fr t
<>??<
4-<
B`spamy Mttmhlkgit
<>??0
4-0
Mttmhlkgit Hfvgr (4 phs/pmhj)
<>?==
4-=?
Rlukd Xhrgw
<>?=?
4-==
B`spamy Hmdag
<>?=4
4-=4
Xpgmjgr
<>?07
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
==8
_mrts A`st
0-8.
E`n-8 Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr
8
=
4
7
2
E`n-8
==2
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
8-=
Df`agr Hmp
<>?=8
8-4
Rmij Hmp
0<72<
8-8
Hmr tr`bng Rmij (w/Hmp)
<>?=2
8-2
Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr Lmibag
<>?=7
Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr (MH=4?U)
<>?=5
Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr (MH48?U)
<>?=>
8-7
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
==7
_mrts A`st
E`n-2 Kmttrgss _amtefrk
0-2.
^g`nlt shmag gqu`ppgb ui`t
<
<
=
8
=
=
4
8
=
4
0
2
4
4
8
8
=?
==
7
5
2
>
E`n-2
==5
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
2-=
Rudg @itrfbuht`fi Xa`t _mhj`in
04845
2-4
Dmdy Numrb (Lgmb s`bg/Efft s`bg)
<>?=<
2-8
Dmdy Numrb (X`bg)
<>?=0
2-2
Kmttrgss _amtefrk (w/\-rmy Hmssgttg Rrmy)
<>?4?
2-7
Kmttrgss _amtefrk Rrmy (w/Amthl)
<>?4=
2-5
Amthl
0<77<
2->
K`bbag Dfmrb (w/Emi Hfvgr)
<>?44
2-<
Kmttrgss
084=<
2-0
Agvga Nmung
0<75=
2-=?
Kmttrgss _amtefr k efr ^g`nlt Kfi`tfr
<>?48
2-==
^g`nlt Kfi`tfr Wi`t efr M`r
54?>=
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
==>
_mrts A`st
E`n-7 Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby =
0-7.
2
=
5
0
4
8
>
7
<
=8
=>
=5
=?
=5
=5
=4
=7
=5
==
=<
=2
E`n-7
==<
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
Lgmtgr Efr Km`i Wi`t (MH=4?U)
<>?42
Lgmtgr Efr Km`i Wi`t (MH48?U)
<>?47
7-4
L`nl Rgkpgrmturg Xgisfr
<>?45
7-8
Emi Kftfr
<>?4>
7-2
Emi
<>?4<
7-7
R`at`in Wi`t
<>?40
7-5
R`at`in Jifd (T`nlt)
<>?8?
7->
R`at`in Jifd (Aget)
<>?8=
7-<
R`at`in Mrk, w/Xgma _mhj`in
<>?84
7-0
Xgt D`s (Xhrgw) (2 phs/pmhj)
08?<8
7-=?
_fwgr Xw`thl
0<7>>
7-=
7-==
Bgtght`fi Dfmrb
Efr Rgkpgrmturg, Xj`i Rgkpgrmturg, Luk`b`ty
0<7><
7-=4
E`atgr Cf`it
0<7>0
7-=8
Xtgmk Hmp
<>?88
7-=2
Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr Hfvgr _mhj`in
<>?82
7-=7
_fs`t`fi Bgtght`fi Dfmrb
0<7<4
7-=5
Lfag _aun (2 phs/pmhj)
<>?02
7-=>
X`bg Lffb E`x`in Jifd
<>?85
7-=<
Lmibag Hmp (4 phs/pmhj)
<>?87
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
==0
_mrts A`st
0-5.
E`n-5 Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby 4
4
=
2
8
>
4
5
7
<
>
>
=?
>
==
=?
7
5
0
E`n-5
=4?
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
5-=
Hmifpy
<>?8>
5-4
Hmifpy Xghur`in Xa`bgr (2 phs/pmhj)
<>?8<
5-8
X`bg Lffb (Lgmb s`bg)
<>?80
5-2
Xgisfr Kfbuag Lfabgr
0<7<>
5-7
@r`s Mhhgss _fr t Ermkg _mhj`in
04420
5-5
Mhhgss _fr t Hfvgr
5?<5?
5->
Rudg @itrfbuht`fi Xa`t _mhj`in (D-slmpg)
<>?2?
5-<
X`bg Lffb (Efft s`bg)
<>?2=
5-0
Hfitrfa Dfx Hfvgr
<>?24
5-=?
X`bg Lffb E`x`in Jifd
<>?85
5-==
Lmibag Hmp (4 phs/pmhj)
<>?87
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
=4=
_mrts A`st
E`n-> Wppgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby 8
0->.
5
<
7
8
==
2
0
=?
>
8
2
2
>
<
<
=?
0
=
4
2
4
8
7
=
8
5
<
0
=?
E`n->
=?
0
=44
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
>-=
Mbk`ttmihg _miga
<>?28
>-4
@iigr _miga
<>?22
>-8
Ximp-Fpgi Mhhgss _fr t
<>?27
>-2
Mbk`ttmihg _miga Fpgrmt`in Jifd Mssy
<>?25
>-7
Mbk`ttmihg _miga Fpgrmt`in Agvgr
<>?2>
>-5
Mbk`ttmihg _miga L`ing (T`nlt)
<>?2<
>->
Mbk`ttmihg _miga L`ing (Aget)
<>?20
>-<
Mbk`ttmihg _miga Mx`s Xa`bgr
<>?7?
>-0
Mbk`ttmihg _miga Hmp (2 phs/pmhj)
0<>>>
>-=?
Lfag _aun (5 phs/pmhj)
<>?7=
Mbk`ttmihg _miga Mssy
>-==
(w/Ximp-fpgi Mhhgss _frt, @iigr _miga, Fpgrmt`in Jifd,
<>?74
_mhj`in)
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
=48
_mrts A`st
0-<.
E`n-< Afwgr
Afwgr Xght`fi fe tlg Km`i Dfby
7
=
8
2
4
5
>
0
<
E`n-<
=42
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
<-=
Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr Hrmbag
<>?78
<-4
Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr Hfvgr
<>?72
<-8
Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr Hrmbag _mhj`in
<>?77
<-2
Luk`b`ty Hlmkdgr Hfiightfr
0<5=8
<-7
_fs`t`fi Bgtght`fi Dfmrb
0<7<4
Hfitrfa _fwgr Rrmisefrkgr (MH=??-=4?U)
0<5=5
Hfitrfa _fwgr Rrmisefrkgr (MH48?U)
0<5=>
Lgmtgr Hfitrfa Dfmrb (w/Eusg) (MH=4?U)
0<>47
Lgmtgr Hfitrfa Dfmrb (w/Eusg) (MH48?U)
0<>45
<-<
Fxyngi Xuppay _fr t
<>?75
<-0
F4 H
Hf
fitrfaagr Wi`t efr M`r
54?>?
<-5
<->
E`n-If
E=
E4
E2
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
Eusg E2M (Emst-dafw) (4 phs/pmhj)
0<588
Eusg E4M (Emst-dafw) (4 phs/pmhj)
0<582
Eusg E=.47M (Emst-dafw) (4 phs/pmhj)
0<585
Eusg E?.58M (Emst-dafw) (4 phs/pmhj)
0<58>
Eusg R?.58M (Xafw-dafw) (4 phs/pmhj)
Eusg R?.8=7M (Xafw-dafw) (4 phs/pmhj)
0<52=
0<528
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
=47
_mrts A`st
E`n-0 _fwgr Wi`t
0-0.
7
5
7
2
>
8
<
4
E`n-0
=
=45
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
0-=
Km`i Dfmrb
<>?7>
0-4
MH @iagt
0<542
0-8
Duzzgr
<>?7<
0-2
Eusg Lfabgr
08===
Eusg R<M (Xafw-dafw) (4 phs/pmhj)
075>0
Eusg R2M (Xafw-dafw) (4 phs/pmhj)
0<522
0-5
If`sg E`atgr
0<545
0->
XpF4 H
Hf
fiight`fi Dfmrb
0<58=
0-<
Dmttgry efr _fwgr Em`aurg Mamr k
04>0=
0-7
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
=4>
_mrts A`st
0-=?. E`n-=? _uasg Fx`kgtgr (Kms`kf)
4
=
E`n-=?
=4<
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
=?-=
@isuamt`in Xudstrmtg efr XpF4 u
ui
i`t
07524
=?-4
XpF4 D
Df
fmrb (Kms`kf)
0752?
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
=40
_mrts A`st
0-==. E`n-== _uasg Fx`kgtgr (Igaahfr)
=
4
E`n-==
=8?
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
==-=
@isuamt`in Xudstrmtg efr XpF4 u
ui
i`t
07524
==-4
XpF4 D
Df
fmrb (Igaahfr)
0752=
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
=8=
_mrts A`st
E`n-=4
4 Wppgr mib Afwgr Xght`fis fe tlg Km`i Dfby mib
0-=4. E`n-=
E`atgr Hmsg
=8
5
=4
0
5

2
>
<
=?
4
=
7
8
E`n =4
=84
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
=4-=
E`atgr Dfx
<>?5?
=4-4
E`atgr Hfvgr
<>?5=
=4-8
E`atgr _mhj`in
0<57?
=4-2
_fs`t`fi Bgtght`fi Dfmrb
0<7<4
=4-7
_igukfhagmi (gaghtrfstmt`h m`r e`atgr)
5?450
=4-5
Xtgmk Nmtg
<>?54
=4->
_fwgr Dfx Hfvgr
<>?58
=4-<
Hfrb Hagmt
<>?52
=4-0
Rlukd Xhrgw
<>?57
=4-=?
B`spamy _fag Lffj (T`nlt)
<>?55
=4-==
B`spamy _fag Lffj (Aget)
<>?5>
=4-=4
B`spamy _fag
<>?5<
=4-=8
_fag Hmp
<>?>7
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
=88
_mrts A`st
0-=8. E`n-=8 Hmd`igt Xtmib
7
2
2
7
5
5
7
8
2
7
4
=
2
=
=
8
E`n =8
=82
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
=8-=
Hmstgr (w/Xtfppgr)
<>?50
=8-4
Hfibuht`vg Hmstgr (w/Xtfppgr)
<>?>?
=8-8
Bffr efr Hmd`igt Xtmib
<>?>=
=8-2
X`inag Rfuhl Xa`bg L`ing
<>?>4
=8-7
Kfuit`in _amtg
<>?>8
=8-5
M`r Bmkpgr
<>?>2
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
=87
_mrts A`st
0-=2. E`n-=2 L`nl-Afw Xtmib
=2
==
=8
<
<
5
=?
0
=4
=
>
7
2
4
=
8
=
E`n =2
=85
_mrts A`st
E`n-If
_mrt Imkg
_mrt If.
=2-=
Hmstgr (w/Xtfppgr)
<>?>5
=2-4
Hfibuht`vg Hmstgr (w/Xtfppgr)
<>?>>
=2-8
Efft Xw`thl
075<>
=2-2
Efft Xw`thl (T`nlt)
0>>>5
=2-7
Efft Xw`thl (Aget)
0>><?
=2-5
Tgamy Dfmrb efr Efft Xw`thl
075<5
L`-Afw Hfitrfa Dfx (MH=4?U)
0<>2=
L`-Afw Hfitrfa Dfx (MH48?U)
0<>24
Drgmjgr 8M
00?48
Drgmjgr 4M
00?44
_fwgr @ib`hmtfr (MH=4?U) WA
0<>5=
_fwgr @ib`hmtfr (MH48?U)
0<>80
MH @iagt
0<<44
_fwgr Hfrb (MH=4?U) WA
00?=5
_fwgr Hfrb (MH48?U)
00?=>
=2-=4
L`-Afw Xtmib Mhtumtfr
0<>8>
=2-=8
L`-Afw Xtmib Mhtumtfr Hfvgr
<>?><
=2-=2
Hfrb Hagmt
<>?<0
=2->
=2-<
=2-0
=2-=?
=2-==
@
I
E
F
T
K
M
R
@
F
I
=8>
Rghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi
Z=?[
Z=
?[ R
Rghli`hma
ghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi
=?-=. Rghli`hma Bmtm
Gaghtr`hma rmt`ins
Hustfkgr spgh`e`gb
▯
efr 4??U rgn`fi
Tmt`in3 MH48?U: pfwgr hfisukpt`fi 5??UM:
5??UM: ergqugihy 7?/5?Lz
Fpgrmt`in vfatmng rming3 MH48?U½=?%
▯ efr =??U rgn`fi
Tmt`in3 MH=4?U: pfwgr hfisukpt`fi 5??UM:
5??UM: ergqugihy 5?Lz
Fpgrmt`in vfatmng rming3 MH=4?U½=?%
Hamss`e`hmt`fi
Rypg fe prftght`fi mnm`ist gaghtr`h slfhj3 Hamss @ gqu`pkgit
Bgnrgg fe prftght`fi mnm`ist gaghtr`h slfhj3 Rypg DE mppa`gb pmrt
Wisu`tmdag efr usg `i mi m`r mib eamkkmdag migstlgt`h nms k`xturg, fr `i mi
fxyngi/i`trfus fx`bg mib eamkkmdag migstlgt`h nms k`xturg.
Kfbg fe fpgrmt`fi3 Hfit`iufus fpgrmt`fi (tlg L`-Afw stmib `s bgs`nigb efr
`itgrk`ttgit fpgrmt`fi fe 8 k`iutgs pgr lfur)
B`spamy
Rypg3 A`qu`b hr ystma (RER-AHB)
X`zg3 > `ihlgs
Bft efrkmt`fi3 <?? Þ 2<? bfts
Iukdgr fe hfafrs3 475 hfafrs
Kmx`kuk afmb hmpmh`ty
B`spamy pfag3 Mpprfx. 4jn (fiay tlg b`spamy hmi dg kfuitgb)
@.U.
@.U. pfag (fpt`fi)3 Efr L`nl-Afw stmib typg3 =?jn
Efr hmd`igt stmib typg3 7jn
B`kgis`fis
L`nl-Afw stmib typg3 =?=.7(^) hk Þ 55.7(B) hk Þ =25.7~=55.7(L) hk
(gxhaub`in tlg b`spamy)
Kmttrgss suremhg3 <5~=?5hk `i lg`nlt (<<~=?<hk efr
tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl m wg`nlt kfi`tfr)
Hmd`igt stmib typg3 =?=.7(^) hk Þ 75.7(B) hk Þ =7>(L) hk (gxhaub`in tlg
tlg
b`spamy)
Kmttrgss suremhg3 05.7hk `i lg`nlt (0<.7hk efr tlg ui`t
gqu`ppgb w`tl m wg`nlt kfi`tfr)
Gxtgrima b`spamy3 44(^) Þ 7(B) Þ =2(L) hk
Kmttrgss3 57(^) Þ 85.7(B) Þ 4(R) hk
^g`nlt
L`nl-Afw stmib typg3 mpprfx. <4jn (<5jn `e tlg ui`t `ihaubgs tlg wg`nlt
kfi`tfr)
Hmd`igt stmib typg3 mpprfx. >5.7jn (<?.7jn `e tlg ui`t `ihaubgs tlg wg`nlt
kfi`tfr)
Fpgrmt`in hfib`t`fis
Mkd`git tgkpgrmturg3 4?~8?¿H
Mkd`git luk`b`ty3 8?~>7% (if hfibgismt`fi)
Mtkfsplgr`h prgssurg3 >?~=?5j_m
^`ib vgafh`ty3 1?.8k/s
=8<
Rghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi
Xtfrmng hfib`t`fis
Mkd`git tgkpgrmturg3 ?~7?¿H
Mkd`git luk`b`ty3 8?~>7% (if hfibgismt`fi)
hfibgismt`fi)
Mtkfsplgr`h prgssurg3 >?~=?5j_m
Rrmispfrtmt`fi hfib`t`fis
Mkd`git tgkpgrmturg3 ?~7?¿H
Mkd`git luk`b`ty3 8?~>7% (if hfibgismt`fi)
hfibgismt`fi)
Mtkfsplgr`h prgssurg3 >?~=?5j_m
Mhhgssfr`gs
Xj`i Rgkp _rfdg 7kk F.B.(P) .............................................=
.............................................=
_igukfhagmi (Gaghtrfstmt`h m`r e`atgr) ....................................=
Mhhgss pfrt hfvgr .....................................................................4
Fpgrmt`fi Kmiuma ....................................................................=
C Rgkpgrmturg
Hfitrfa kfbg
Kmiuma hfitrfa/sgrvf hfitrfa (sgaghtmdag)
Xgtt`in rming
Xj`i tgkpgrmturg (sgrv f hfitrfa)3 82.?~8>.7¿H (fvgrr`bg kfbg3
8>.5~8<.?¿H)
@ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg (kmiuma hfitrfa)3 48.?~8>.?¿H (fvgrr`bg
kfbg3 8>.=~80.?¿H)
B`spamy rming
Xj`i tgkpgrmturg3 8?.?~24.?¿H (Mhhurmhy ½?.8¿H)
@ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg3 4?.?~24.?¿H (Mhhurmhy ½?.8¿H)
Lgmtgr futput
?~=??% (`ib`hmtgb `i =? agvgas)
^mrk-up t`kg
Kmx`kuk 5? k`i mt mi mkd`git tgkpgrmturg fe 47¿H
Mamrks
L`nl tgkpgrmturg, sgt tgkpgrmturg, sj`i tgkpgrmturg prfdg
C Luk`b`ty (efr ui`ts gqu`ppgb w`tl m luk`b`e`hmt`fi euiht`fi)
Hfitrfa kfbg
Xgrvf hfitrfa
hfitrfa
Xgtt`in rming
2?~07%Tl (`i =% `ihrgkgits)
B`spamy rming
=7~00%Tl (Mhhurmhy ½=?%Tl)
Hfit`iufus luk`b`e`hmt`fi w`tlfut
suppay`in wmtgr
< lfurs
Kmx`kuk luk`b`ty
0?%Tl (mt mkd`git luk`b`ty 7?%Tl, mkd`git tgkpgrmturg 47¿H,
`ihudmtfr m`r tgkpgrmturg sgtt`in 8>¿H)
Mamrks
Luk`b`ty sgisfr, afw wmtgr agvga, if wmtgr, luk`b`ty hlmkdgr fee,
fe e, sgt
luk`b`ty
C Fxyngi suppay
Kmx`kuk fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi
57%F4 (mt F4 eafw rmtg =?A/k`i)
C Giv`rfikgit
HF4 hfihgitrmt`fi `i tlg lffb
^lgi m nmsgfus k`xturg hfkpr`s`in 2% HF4 `s bga`vgrgb mt >7?kA/
k`i mt m pf`it =? hk mdfvg tlg hgitgr fe m kmttrgss mib m stgmby stmtg
M
_
_
G
I
B
@\
`s mhl`gvgb, tlg HF4 hfihgitrmt`fi `i tlg lffb slfuab ift gxhggb ?.2%.
=80
Rghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi
C _uasg fx`kgtgr ✻=,7,5,> ZKms`kf[
Rlg efaafw`in spgh`e`hmt`fis mppay tf tlg @ihu` usgb
usgb w`tl tlg sgisfrs mib pmt`git hmdags wg spgh`ey
spgh`ey..
Efr `iefrkmt`fi fi tlg sgisfrs mib pmt`git hmdags wg spgh`ey, hfitmht yfur afhma Mtfk rgprgsgitmt`vg.
XpF4
B`spamy rming3 =~=??%
Kgmsurgkgit mhhurmhy3 Bur`in if kft`fi hfib`t`fis✻4
✻8
Bur`in kft`fi hfib`t`fis
½8 b`n`ts (`i >?~=??%)
½8 b`n`ts (`i >?~=??%)
✻
Bur`in afw pgreus`fi hfib`t`fis 2
½8 b`n`ts (`i >?~=??%)
Wpbmtg hyhag3 = sghfib
Mamrk sgtt`in rmings 3 Wppgr a`k`t3 FEE, 7?~00% (`i =% `ihrgkgits) ✻<
Afwgr a`k`t3 FEE,
FEE, 27~07% (`i =% `ihrgkgits) ✻<
_uasg rmtg
B`spamy rming 3 47~42?dpk
Kgmsurgkgit 3 Bur`in if kft`fi hfib`t`fis✻4
mhhurmhy
✻8
Bur`in kft`fi hfib`t`fis
½8 b`n`ts (`i 47~42?dpk)
½7 b`n`ts (`i 47~42?dpk)
Bur`in afw pgreus`fi hfib`t`fis✻2
½8 b`n`ts (`i 47~42?dpk)
Wpbmtg hyhag 3 = sghfib
Mamrk sgtt`in 3 Wppgr a`k`t3 FEE,
FEE, <?~42?dpk (`i 7dpk `ihrgkgits)✻<
rmings
Afwgr a`k`t3 FEE,
FEE, 87~=<?dpk (`i 7dpk `ihrgkgits)✻<
Xgisfr
^
^mvgagintl3
mvgagintl3 55?ik (rb) 0?7ik (`r)
hlmrmhtgr`st`h
Dr`nltigss3
=7k^
Ifi-stgr`ag, amtgx-ergg
Kfbg sgtt`in
Mvgrmn`in t`kg3 2, 5, <, =?, =4, =2, =5 sghfibs (sgaghtmdag)
(sgaghtmdag)✻<
(Emhtfry bgemuat sgtt`in `s < sghfibs.)
Xgis`t`v`ty sgtt`in3 M_FB, Ifrkma (ifrkma sgis`t`v`ty), Kmx (l`nl sgis`t`v`ty)✻<
(Emhtfry bgemuat sgtt`in `s Kmx.)
EmstXmt 3 FI, FEE✻< (Emhtfry bgemuat sgtt`in `s Gimdagb.)
✻=
Rl`s bgv`hg `s hma`drmtgb tf b`spamy euiht`fima fxyngi smturmt`fi.
✻4
XpF4 >?~=??% lypfx`m wms `ibuhgb `i lgmatly kmag mib egkmag mbuat vfauitggrs w`tl a`nlt sj`i mib
bmrj sj`i. Mhhurmhy wms hlghjgb `i if kft`fi hfib`t`fis mnm`ist m amdfrmtfry HF-fx`kgtgr mib mi
GHN kfi`tfr. Umr`md`a`ty
Umr`md`a`ty b`str`dut`fi mt tl`s mhhurmhy wms ½=XB. ½=XB hfvgrs 5<% fe maa bmtm.
✻8
XpF4 >?~=??% lypfx`m wms `ibuhgb `i lgmatly kmag mib egkmag mbuat vfauitggrs w`tl a`nlt sj`i mib
bmrj sj`i. Mhhurmhy wms hlghjgb dy =~4hk tmpp`in 4~2 t`kgs pgr sghfib mib dy 4~8hk `rrgnuamr tmpp`in =~7 t`kgs pgr sghfib mnm`ist m amdfrmtfry HF-fx`kgtgr mib mi GHN kfi`tfr. Umr`md`a`ty b`str`dut`fi mt tl`s mhhurmhy wms ½=XB. ½=XB hfvgrs 5<% fe maa bmtm.
✻2
@i m amdfrmtfry tgst, `i tlg
tlg rming fe >?~=??%
>?~=??% XpF4, mhhurmhy `i afw pgreus`fi hfib`t`fis wms hlghjgb
mnm`ist tlg D`ftgh @ibgx4 X`kuamtfr mib tlg Kms`kf X`kuamtfr, dftl fe wlfsg s`nima strgintl `s ?.?4%
fr kfrg mib pgrkgmd`a`ty 7% fr kfrg. Umr`md`a`ty b`str`dut`fi mt tl`s mhhurmhy wms ½=XB. ½=XB hfvgrs
5<% fe maa bmtm.
✻7
Rlg kmtgr`mas mhhgss`dag tf tlg pmt`git
pmt`git mib tlg usgr hfkpay w`tl
w`tl @XF =?008-=.
✻5
Maa tlg sgisfrs mib pmt`git hmdags tlmt hmi dg usgb w`tl tl`s bgv`hg lmvg dggi tgstgb mib vgr`e`gb dy us`in tlg Kms`kf/K\ sgr`gs puasg fx`kgtgr tghlifafny.
✻>
X`ihg tlg kgmsurgkgits tmjgi dy tlg puasg fx`kgtry gqu`pkgit mrg stmt`st`hmaay
stmt`st`hmaay b`str`dutgb, fiay mdfut
twf-tl`rbs fe tlgk emaa `i tlg mhhurmhy (Mrks) rming fe vmaugs fdtm`igb w`tl m HF-fx`kgtgr.
✻<
Gvgi `e tlg pfwgr suppay `s `itgrruptgb
`itgrr uptgb bug tf pfwgr em`aurg, b`shfiight`fi fe tlg pfwgr paun, fr sfkg
ftlgr hmusg, tlg prgsgaghtgb sgtt`ins w`aa dg rgtm`igb `i tlg kgkfry. ^lgi tlg pfwgr suppay `s rgsukgb, tlg ui`t w`aa stmrt fpgrmt`fi w`tl tlg amst sgaghtgb sgtt`ins.
=2?
Rghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi
C _uasg fx`kgtgr✻8,2,5 ZIgaahfr[
Rlg efaafw`in spgh`e`hmt`fis mppay tf tlg @ihu` usgb
usgb w`tl tlg sgisfrs mib pmt`git hmdags wg spgh`ey
spgh`ey..
Efr `iefrkmt`fi fi tlg sgisfrs mib pmt`git hmdags wg spgh`ey, hfitmht yfur afhma Mtfk rgprgsgitmt`vg.
XpF4
B`spamy rming3 =~=??%
Kgmsurgkgit mhhurmhy3 Bur`in if kft`fi hfib`t`fis✻=
½8 b`n`ts (`i >?~=??%)
Bur`in afw pgreus`fi hfib`t`fis✻4
½8 b`n`ts (`i >?~=??%)
Wpbmtg hyhag3 4 sghfib
Mamrk sgtt`in rmings 3 Wppgr a`k`t3 FEE, 7?~00% (`i =% `ihrgkgits) ✻7
Afwgr a`k`t3 FEE, 27~07% (`i =% `ihrgkgits)✻7
_uasg rmtg
B`spamy rming3 47~42?dpk
Kgmsurgkgit mhhurmhy3 Bur`in if kft`fi hfib`t`fis✻=
½8 b`n`ts (`i 47~42?dpk)
Bur`in afw pgreus`fi hfib`t`fis✻4
½8 b`n`ts (`i 47~42?dpk)
Wpbmtg hyhag3 4 sghfib
Mamrk sgtt`in rmings3 Wppgr a`k`t3 FEE,
FEE, <?~42?dpk (`i 7dpk `ihrgkgits)✻7
Afwgr a`k`t3 FEE, 87~=<?dpk (`i 7dpk `ihrgkgits)✻7
Xgisfr
^
^mvgagintl3
mvgagintl3 55?ik (rb) 0??ik (`r)
hlmrmhtgr`st`h
Dr`nltigss3 Agss tlmi =7k^
GFN stgr`a`zgb, amtgx-ergg
Kfbg sgtt`in
XmtXghfibs3 FEE,
FEE, =?, 47, 7?, =?? (sgaghtmdag)✻7
(Emhtfry
(Emhtfr y bgemuat sgtt`in `s Fee.)
Tgspfisg t`kg3 Ifrkma, Emst✻7
(Emhtfry
(Emhtfr y bgemuat sgtt`in `s Ifrkma.)
✻=
Xudcghts usgb tf vma`bmtg XpF4 kgmsurgkgit mhhurmh`gs wgrg lgmatly mib rghru`tgb erfk tlg afhma pfpuamt`fi. Hfkpr`sgb fe dftl kgi mib wfkgi, sudcghts
sudcghts spmiigb m rming fe sj`i p`nkgitmt`fis mib
rmingb `i mng erfk =<-7? ygmrs fab. Mhhurmhy spgh`e`hmt`fis mrg dmsgb fi hfitrfaagb lypfx`m stub`gs
w`tl lgmatly ifi-skfj`in mbuat vfauitggrs fvgr tlg spgh`e`gb XpF4 rming(s). _uasg fx`kgtgr XpF4 rgmb`ins wgrg hfkpmrgb w`tl XmF4 vmaugs fe brmwi daffb smkpags kgmsurgb dy lgkfx`kgtry. Maa mhhurmh`gs mrg gxprgssgb ms ½=XB. _uasg fx`kgtgr gqu`pkgit kgmsurgkgits mrg stmt`st`hmaay b`str`dutgb:
mdfut twf-tl`rbs fe puasg fx`kgtgr kgmsurgkgits mrg gxpghtgb tf emaa `i tl`s mhhurmhy (Mrks) rming.
Dghmusg shmttgr mib d`ms fe puasg fx`ktgr XpF4 mib daffb XmF4 hfkpmr`sfi hfkkfiay `ihrgmsg ms tlg
smturmt`fi bghrgmsgs, mib mhhurmhy spgh`e`hmt`fis mrg hmahuamtgb erfk bmtm spmii`in tlg stmtgb rming,
b`eegrgit mhhurmhy vmaugs kmy rgsuat wlgi bgshr`d`in pmrt`maay fvgrampp`in rmings.
✻4
Tgmb`in mhhurmhy `i afw pgreus`fi hfib`t`fis (bgtghtgb
(bgtghtgb @T puasg kfbuamt`fi
kfbuamt`fi mkpa`tubg ?.?8~=.7%) wms
vgr`e`gb dy us`in s`nimas suppa`gb dy m pmt`git s`kuamtfr.
s`kuamtfr. XpF4 mib puasg rmtg vmaugs wgrg vmr`gb mhrfss
tlg kfi`tfr`in rming fvgr m rming fe wgmj s`nima hfib`t`fis mib hfkpmrgb w`tl tlg jifwi trug XpF 4
mib puasg rmtg vmaugs fe tlg `iput s`nimas.
✻8
Rlg kmtgr`mas mhhgss`dag tf tlg pmt`git
pmt`git mib tlg usgr hfkpay w`tl
w`tl @XF =?008-=.
✻2
Maa tlg sgisfrs mib pmt`git hmdags tlmt hmi dg usgb w`tl tl`s bgv`hg lmvg dggi tgstgb mib vgr`e`gb dy us`in tlg Igaahfr/IGAA-= kfbuag puasg fx`kgtgr tghlifafny.
tghlifafny.
✻7
Gvgi `e tlg pfwgr suppay slfuab dg `itgrruptgb bug tf pfwgr em`aurg, b`shfiight`fi fe tlg pfwgr paun
fr sfkg ftlgr hmusg, tlg prgsgaghtgb sgtt`ins w`aa dg rgtm`igb `i tlg kgkfry. ^lgi tlg pfwgr suppay
✻5
`s rgsukgb, tlg ui`t w`aa stmrt fpgrmt`fi w`tl tlg amst sgaghtgb sgtt`ins.
Rl`s bgv`hg `s hma`drmtgb tf b`spamy euiht`fima fxyngi smturmt`fi.
M
_
_
G
I
B
@\
=2=
Rghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi
C Fxyngi hfitrfa (efr tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl mi fxyngi hfitrfaagr)
Hfitrfa kfbg
Xgrvf hfitrfa
hfitrfa
Xgtt`in rming
44~57% (`i =% `ihrgkgits)
B`spamy rming
=7~=?7%
Tgspfisg t`kg efr
8?sgh (0?% rgspfisg)
b`spamy
Fxyngi suppay prgssurg
402~20?j_m (8~7jne/hk4)
Rypg fe fxyngi sgisfr
Nmavmi`h hgaa typg
Kgmsurgkgit rming
=7~=??%
Kgmsurgkgit mhhurmhy
½4% (=7-47%F4)
½8% (47-=??%F4)
Hma`drmt`fi
4=%F4
Mamrks
Fxyngi sgisfr, fxyngi hfihgitrmt`fi, fxyngi eafw rmtg, fxyngi sgisfr ift
hma`drmtgb
Fxyngi sgisfr a`eg spmi
Rlg a`eg spmi fe tlg fxyngi sgisfr
sgisfr vmr`gs bgpgib`in fi tlg mkd`git hfib`t`fis
uibgr wl`hl `t `s usgb. @t `s rghfkkgibgb tf rgpamhg tlg fxyngi sgisfr wlgi
kfrg tlmi fig ygmr lms pmssgb s`ihg `t wms tmjgi fut fe `ts pmhjmng.
C ^g`nlt kfi`tfr (tlg ui`t gqu`ppgb w`tl tlg wg`nlt kfi`tfr ui`t)
^g`nl`in rming
8??~>???n (`i mutfkmt`h wg`nl`in)
^g`nl`in mhhurmhy
½7n
Xhmag `itgrvma
=n
^g`nl`in kfbg
Kmiuma, mutfkmt`h
C Ftlgr mamrks
Emi, systgk em`aurg, pfwgr em`aurg
✻ Rlg prfbuht hfkpa`gs w`tl tlg GKH Xtmibmrb
Xtmibmrb @GH 5?5?=-=-4.
=24
Rghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi
=?-4. GKH Agvga mib Hamss`e`hmt`fi
Nu`bmihg mib kmiuemhturgr‐s bghamrmt`fi ‘ gaghtrfkmnigt`h gk`ss`fis
Rlg M`r @ihu ` `s `itgibgb efr usg `i tlg gaghtrfkmnigt`h giv`rfikgit spgh`﬍gb dgafw. Rlg hustfkgr fr tlg usgr
fe tlg M`r @ihu ` slfuab mssurg tlmt `t `s usgb `i suhl mi giv`rfikgit.
Gk`ss`fis tgst
TE gk`ss`fis
H@X_T ==
TE gk`ss`fis
H@X_T ==
Lmrkfi`h gk`ss`fis✻
@GH 5=???-8-4
Hfkpa`mihg
Rlg M`r @ihu ` usgs TE gigrny fiay efr `ts `itgr ima euiht`fi.
Nrfup =
Rlgrgefrg, `ts TE gk`ss`fis mrg vgry afw mib mrg ift a`jgay
tf hmusg miy `itgregrgihg `i igmrdy gaghtrfi`h gqu`pkgit.
Hamss M
Rlg M`r @ihu ` `s su`tmdag efr usg `i maa gstmda`slkgits, ftlgr
Hamss M
tlmi bfkgst`h mib tlfsg b`rghtay hfiightgb tf tlg puda`h
afw-vfatmng pfwgr suppay igtwfrj tlmt suppa`gs du`ab`ins
Ufatmng
Ufatmng ffluhtumt`fis/
ffl`hjgr gk`ss`fis✻
Gaghtrfkmnigt`h giv`rfikgit ‘ nu`bmihg
usgb efr bfkgst`h purpfsgs.
Hfkpa`gs
@GH 5=???-8-8
✻ Rlgrg mrg if prgshr`dgb bgkmibs efr tgsts `i =??U m
mrgms.
rgms.
M
_
_
G
I
B
@\
=28
Rghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi
Nu`bmihg mib kmiuemhturgr‐s
kmiuemhturgr‐s bghamrmt`fi ‘ gaghtrfkmnigt`h `kkui`ty
Rlg M`r @ihu ` `s `itgibgb efr usg `i tlg gaghtrfkmnigt`h giv`rfikgit spgh`﬍gb dgafw. Rlg hustfkgr fr tlg usgr
fe tlg M`r @ihu ` slfuab mssurg tlmt `t `s usgb `i suhl mi giv`rfikgit.
@kkui`ty tgst
@GH 5?5?=
tgst agvga
Hfkpa`mihg
Hfkp
a`mihg agvga
agvga
Eaffrs slfuab dg wffb, hfihrgtg fr hgrmk`h t`ag.
Gaghtrfstmt`h b`s½5jU hfitmht
½<jU m`r
½5jU hfitmht
½<jU m`r
½4jU efr pfwgr
½4jU efr pfwgr
suppay a`igs
suppay a`igs
½=jU efr `iput/
½=jU efr `iput/
futput a`igs
futput a`igs
½=jU b`eegrgit`ma
½=jU b`eegrgit`ma
Xurng
kfbg
kfbg
@GH 5=???-2-7
½4jU hfkkfi
½4jU hfkkfi
kfbg
kfbg
17% WR
17% WR
hlmrng (GXB)
@GH 5=???-2-4
Gaghtr`hma emst
trmis`git/durst
@GH 5=???-2-2
Gaghtr
Gaghtrfkmn
fkmnigt`h
igt`h gi
giv`rf
v`rfikgi
ikgitt ‘ nu`b
nu`bmihg
mihg
@e fflffrs mrg hfvgrgb w`tl syitlgt`h kmtgr`ma, tlg
rgamt`vg luk`b`ty slfuab dg mt agmst 8?%.
Km`is pfwgr quma`ty slfuab dg tlmt fe m typ`hma
hfkkgrh`ma fr lfsp`tma giv`rfikgit.
Km`is pfwgr quma`ty slfuab dg tlmt fe m typ`hma
hfkkgrh`ma fr lfsp`tma giv`rfikgit.
R
R
(907% b`p `i W )
efr ?.7 hyhag
(907% b`p `i W )
efr ?.7 hyhag
U
Ufatmng
fatmng b`ps, slfrt
2?% WR
2?% WR
Km`is pfwgr quma`ty slfuab dg tlmt fe m typ`hma
`itgrrupt`fis mib
(5?% b`p `i WR)
(5?% b`p `i WR)
hfkkgrh`ma fr lfsp`tma giv`rfikgit. @e tlg usgr
vfatmng vmr`mt`fis
efr 7 hyhags
efr 7 hyhags
fe tlg M`r @ihu ` rgqu`rgs hfit`iugb fpgrmt`fi
fi pfwgr suppay
>?% WR
>?% WR
bur`in pfwgr km`is `itgrrupt`fis, `t `s rghfk-
`iput a`igs
(8?% b`p `i WR)
(8?% b`p `i WR)
kgibgb tlmt tlg M`r @ihu ` dg pfwgrgb erfk mi
@GH 5=???-2-==
efr 47 hyhags
efr 47 hyhags
ui`itgrrupt`dag pfwgr suppay fr m dmttgry.
17% WR
17% WR
(907% b`p `i WR)
(907% b`p `i WR)
efr 7 sgh
efr 7 sgh
_fwgr ergqugihy
_fwgr ergqugihy kmnigt`h ﬍gabs slfuab dg mt
(7?/5?Lz)
kmnigt`h ﬍gab
@GH 5=???-2-<
8 M/k
8 M/k
agvgas hlmrmhtgr`st`h fe m typ`hma afhmt`fi `i m typ`hma hfkkgrh`ma fr lfsp`tma giv`rfikgit.
Iftg3 WR `s tlg m.h. km`is vfatmng pr`fr tf mppa`hmt`fi fe tlg tgst agvga.
=22
Rghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi
Nu`bmihg mib kmiuemhturgr‐s
kmiuemhturgr‐s bghamrmt`fi ‘ gaghtrfkmnigt`h `kkui`ty
Rlg M`r @ihu ` `s `itgibgb efr usg `i tlg gaghtrfkmnigt`h giv`rfikgit spgh`﬍gb dgafw. Rlg hustfkgr fr tlg usgr
fe tlg M`r @ihu ` slfuab mssurg tlmt `t `s usgb `i suhl mi giv`rfikgit.
@kkui`ty tgst
@GH 5?5?=
tgst agvga
Hfkpa`mihg agvga
Gaghtrfkmnigt`h giv`rfikgit
giv`rfikgit ‘ nu`bmihg
_frtmdag mib kfd`ag TE hfkkui`hmt`fis gqu`pkgit slfuab dg usgb if hafsgr tf miy pmrt fe tlg
M`r @ihu `, `ihaub`in hmdags, tlmi tlg rghfkkgibgb
sgpmrmt`fi b`stmihg hmahuamtgb erfk tlg gqumt`fi
mppa`hmdag tf tlg ergqugihy fe tlg trmisk`ttgr.
trmisk`ttgr.
Tghfkkgibgb sgpmrmt`fi b`stmihg
8Urks
Hfibuhtgb TE
8Urks
@GH 5=???-2-5
=7?jLz tf <?KLz
futs`bg @XK
dmibs✻
m
=?Urks
=?Urks
=7?jLz tf <?KLz
`i @XK dmibs✻
m
✻h
Tmb`mtgb TE
@GH 5=???-2-8
8U/k
<?KLz tf 4.7NLz
Rlg gqu`pkgit hfit`iugs tf pgrefrk `ts
`itgibgb euiht`fi.
=?U/k
<?KLz tf 4.7NLz
Rlg gqu`pkgit hfit`iugs tf pgrefrk `ts
`itgibgb euiht`fi fr
stfps w`tlfut hmus`in miy lmrk.
=?U/k
<?KLz tf <??KLz
<??KLz tf 4.7NLz
^lgrg _ `s tlg kmx`kuk futput pfwgr rmt`in fe
tlg trmisk`ttgr `i wmtts (^) mhhfrb`in tf tlg trmisk`ttgr kmiuemhturgr mib b `s tlg rghfkkgibgb
sgpmrmt`fi b`stmihg `i kgtgrs (k). ✻d
E`gab strgintls erfk ﬍xgb TE trmisk`ttgrs, ms
bgtgrk`igb dy mi gaghtrfkmnigt`h s`tg survgy, ✻b
slfuab dg agss tlmi tlg hfkpa`mihg agvga `i gmhl
ergqugihy rming.✻g
@itgregrgihg
@itgr
egrgihg kmy fhhur `i tlg v`h`i`ty fe gqu`pkgit
kmrjgb w`tl tlg efaafw`in sykdfa.3
Iftg =3 Mt <?KLz mib <??KLz, tlg l`nlgr ergqugihy rming mppa`gs.
Iftg 43 Rlgsg nu`bga`igs kmy ift mppay `i maa s`tumt`fis. Gaghtrfkmnigt`h prfpmnmt`fi `s meeghtgb dy mdsfrpt`fi
mib rgfflght`fi erfk struhturgs, fdcghts mib pgfpag.
✻m
Rlg @XK (`ibustr`ma, sh`git`﬍h, mib kgb`hma) dmibs dgtwggi =7?jLz mib <?KLz mrg 5.>57KLz tf 5.>07KLz:
=8.778KLz tf =8.75>KLz: 45.07>KLz tf 4>.4<8KLz: mib 2?.55KLz tf 2?.>?KLz.
✻d Rlg @XK h
hfkpa`mihg
fkpa`mihg agvga `i tlg @XK ergqugihy dmib dgtwggi =7?jLz mib <?K
<?KLz
Lz mib `i tlg ergqugihy
rming <?KLz tf 4.7NLz mrg `itgibgb tf bghrgmsg tlg a`jga`lffb tlmt kfd`ag/pfrtmdag hfkkui`hmt`fis
gqu`pkgit hfuab hmusg `itgregrgihg `e `t `s `imbvgrtgitay drfunlt `itf pmt`git mrgms. Efr tl`s rgmsfi mi mbb`t`fima emhtfr fe =?/8 `s usgb `i hmahuamt`in tlg rghfkkgibgb sgpmrmt`fi b`stmihg efr trmisk`ttgrs `i tlgsg
ergqugihy rmings.
✻h
Lmatgb w`tl mi mamrk sfuib`in w`tlfut miy lmrk dg`in hmusgb.
✻b E`gab strgintls erfk ﬍xgb trmisk`ttgrs, suhl ms dmsg stmt`fis efr rmb`f (hgaauamr/hfrbagss) tgagplfigs
mib amib kfd`ag rmb`f, mkmtgur rmb`f, MK mib EK rmb`f drfmbhmst mib RU drfmbhmst hmiift dg prgb`htgb
tlgfrgt`hmaay w`tl mhhurmhy. Rf mssgss tlg gaghtrfkmnigt`h giv`rfikgit bug tf ﬍xgb TE trmisk`ttgrs, mi
M
_
_
G
I
B
@\
✻g
gaghtrfkmnigt`h s`tg survgy slfuab dg hfis`bgrgb. @e tlg kgmsurgb ﬍gab strgintl `i tlg afhmt`fi `i wl`hl
tlg M`r @ihu ` `s usgb gxhggbs tlg mppa`hmdag TE hfkpa`mihg agvga mdfvg, tlg M`r @ihu ` slfuab dg fdsgrvgb
tf vgr`ey ifrkma fpgrmt`fi. @e mdifrkma pgrefrkmihg `s fdsgrvgb, mbb`t`fima kgmsurgs kmy dg ighgssmry,
suhl ms rgfr`git`in fr rgafhmt`in tlg M`r @ihu `.
Fvgr tlg ergqugihy rming =7?jLz tf <?KLz, ﬍gab strgintls slfuab dg agss tlmi 8U/k.
=27
Rghli`hma @iefrkmt`fi
Tghfkkgibgb sgpmrmt`fi b`stmihgs dgtwggi pfrtmdag mib kfd`ag TE hfkkui`hmt`fis gqu`pkgit
mib tlg M`r @ihu `
Rlg M`r @ihu ` `s `itgibgb efr usg `i mi gaghtrfkmnigt`h giv`rfikgit `i wl`hl rmb`mtgb TE b`sturdmihgs mrg
hfitrfaagb. Rlg hustfkgr fr tlg usgr fe tlg M`r @ihu ` hmi lgap prgvgit gaghtrfkmnigt`h `itgregrgihg dy km`itm`i`in m k`i`kuk b`stmihg dgtwggi pfrtmdag mib kfd`ag TE hfkkui`hmt`fis gqu`pkgit (trmisk`ttgrs) mib tlg
M`r @ihu ` ms rghfkkgibgb dgafw, mhhfrb`in tf tlg kmx`kuk futput pfwgr fe tlg hfkkui`hmt`fis gqu`pkgit.
Xgpmrmt`fi b`stmihg mhhfrb`in tf ergqugihy fe trmisk`ttgr
Tmtgb kmx`kuk
futput pfwgr fe
trmisk`ttgr
(^)
?.?=
?.=
=
=?
=??
(k)
=7?jLz tf <?KLz
=7?jLz tf <?KLz
futs`bg @XK dmibs
`i @XK dmibs
?.=4
?.8<
=.4
8.<
=4
?.=4
?.8<
=.4
8.<
=4
<?
<?K
KLz tf <?
<??K
?KLz
Lz
<?
<??K
?KLz
Lz tf 4.7
4.7NL
NLzz
?.=4
?.8<
=.4
8.<
=4
?.48
?.>8
4.8
>.8
48
Efr trmisk`ttgrs rmtgb mt m kmx`kuk futput pfwgr ift a`stgb mdfvg, tlg rghfkkgibgb sgpmrmt`fi b`stmihg b `i
kgtgrs (k) hmi dg bgtgrk`igb us`in tlg gqumt`fi mppa`hmdag tf tlg ergqugihy fe tlg trmisk`ttgr, wlgrg _ `s tlg
kmx`kuk futput pfwgr rmt`in fe tlg trmisk`ttgr `i wmtts (^) mhhfrb`in tf tlg trmisk`ttgr kmiuemhturgr.
Iftg =3 Mt <?KLz mib <??KLz, tlg sgpmrmt`fi b`stmihg efr tlg
tlg l`nlgr ergqugihy rming mppa`gs.
Iftg 43 Rlg @XK (`ibustr`ma, sh`git`﬍h, mib kgb`hma) dmibs dgtwggi =7?jLz mib <?KLz mrg 5.>57KLz tf
5.>07KLz: =8.778KLz tf =8.75>KLz: 45.07>KLz tf 4>.4<8KLz: mib 2?.55KLz tf 2?.>?KLz.
Iftg 83 Mi mbb`t`fima emhtfr fe =?/8 `s usgb `i hmahuamt`in tlg rghfkkgibgb sgpmrmt`fi
sgpmrmt`fi b`stmihg efr ttlg
lg trmisk`ttgrs `i tlg @XK ergqugihy dmib dgtwggi =7?jLz mib <?KLz mib `i tlg ergqugihy rming <?KLz
tf 4.7NLz tf bghrgmsg tlg a`jga`lffb tlmt kfd`ag/pfrtmdag hfkkui`hmt`fis gqu`pkgit hfuab hmusg
`itgregrgihg `e `t `s `imbvgrtgitay drfunlt `itf pmt`git mrgms.
Iftg 23 Rlgsg nu`bga`igs kmy ift mppay `i maa s`tumt`fis. Gaghtrfkmnigt`h prfpmnmt`fi `s meeghtgb dy mdsfrpt`fi
mdsfrpt`fi
mib rgfflght`fi erfk struhturgs, fdcghts mib pgfpag.
=25
B`spfsma
Z==[
Z=
=[ B`spf
B`spfsma
sma
Rlg kgb`hma `ist`tut`fi hfihgrigb
hfihgr igb `s rgspfis`dag efr prfpgr b`spfsma fe tlg km`i dfby, fab pmrts pmst tlg`r
gxpghtgb a`eg spmi mib b`spfsmdags `i mhhfrbmihg w`tl mppa`hmdag wmstg kmimngkgit amws mib rgnuamt`fis.
Tghlmrngmdag I`KL dmttgr`gs, m duttfi typg a`tl`uk dmttgry mib fxyngi sgisfrs mrg usgb `i tl`s ui`t.
B`spfsg fe tlg dmttgr`gs mib tlg fxyngi sgisfrs `i mhhfrbmihg w`tl afhma rgnuamt`fis.
M
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_
G
I
B
@\
=2>
•
Tgprfbuht`fi fe maa fr pmrt fe tl`s Kmiuma w`tlfut pgrk`ss`fi erfk Mtfk Kgb`hma Hfrpfrmt`fi `s str`htay
prfl`d`tgb.
•
Rlg hfitgits fe tl`s Kmiuma mrg sudcght tf hlming w`tlfut ift`hg bug tf ttghli`hma
ghli`hma `kprfvgkgit.
•
Maa pfss`dag kgmsurgs lmvg dggi tmjgi tf gisurg tlg mhhurmhy fe tlg hfitgits fe tl`s K
Kmiuma.
miuma. Lfwgvgr,
Lfwgvgr, `e miy
grrfrs slfuab dg ift`hgb, Mtfk wfuab nrgmtay mpprgh`mtg dg`in `iefrkgb fe tlgk.
H>7XD?==