INFORMATION SYSTEMS & DIGITAL TRENDS
TECHNOLOGY = the way we apply scientific knowledge for practical purposes
it includes machines - techniques - processes
ICT = information and communications technology
technology that is used to handle information storage - retrieval - management - communications
ICT = IT (information technology) + TLC (telecommunication technology)
IT includes hardware + software + telecommunications networks
SYSTEM = a set of interrelated components with a defined boundary working together to achieve common goals
by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organised transformation process
INFORMATION SYSTEM = set of interrelated components where the goal of those components it to collect - process - store - distribute
information in order to support decision making in an organisation (ex: iulm student's secretary)
IS is a combination of six components => 1. hardware (physical computer equipment)
2. software (programs that enable a computer to perform certain tasks)
3. telecommunication networks (two or more computer systems
linked together with communications equipment)
4. data
5. people (who develop - use - manage information systems)
6. processes
are ICT and IS (information system) the same thing?
NO, ICT is a core component of IS
ICT is used to take huge amount of data and process it into useful information
information technology system => instagram and whatsapp didn't work because of an information technology system problem
information system receive data as input and release information as outputs
• DATA = raw facts such as numbers or letters (ex: 25 / 30 / out)
usually about physical phenomena / business transactions
• INFORMATION = data that are organised - processed to be useful (ex: 25 out 30 as result of the exam)
• KNOWLEDGE = ability to understand information - form opinions - make decisions
additional process of information made by an individual it's something more personal related
(by saying the result of the exam to two person it will cause different reactions and different process of the information given)
ex: data = 10
information = 10 minutes late
knowledge = you understand you're going to be late because of the 10 minutes delay
DIGITAL = from digit (number)
number based system called binary system based on two number 0 and 1
- 0 means no electricity => OFF
- 1 means electricity => ON
bit (binary digit) = the smallest unit of information that is held in a computer's memory
any input the computer receives is translated into binary code
DIGITAL SYSTEM
operates on discrete digits (numbers/letters/systems)
ex: digital clock - you only see the time
ANALOG SYSTEM
responds to continuously varying electrical or physical magnitudes (temperature/pressure/velocity)
ex: analog clock - you can see the time passing thanks to the pointer
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION / CONVERGENCE
analogical signals are being transformed into digital one in order to better communicate with computers
ex: before the voice was transferred between telephone as a wave
now the voice is transferred as a sequence of 0’s and 1’s (digitalised)
INVENTION = something completely new
can be interpreted and understood by using technology (airpods - first wireless earbuds)
INNOVATION = something that is newly introduced to the market
something that already existed but is turned in a selling product (iphone - the phone already existed but apple reinvented it)
must be interpreted and understood by using technology + socio cultural factors + marketing factors
DARK SIDES OF THE INTERNET
1.
COMPLEX
can’t make predictions because it's unpredictable and chances quickly
2.
INFORMATION OVERLOAD
huge amount of new digital information that we’re not able to handle
because of this we ask questions to google (5.9 billion daily searched on google)
before google to whom we where asking this questions? to no one because we didn't have access to this many information so we
didn't have as many question
3.
DIGITAL POLLUTION
- manufacturing process => the manufacture of electronic items requires rare minerals such as coltan (extracted mainly in illegal mines)
- recycling process => only 20% of electronic waste is recycled
- use => in one year spam emits as much CO2 as 3 million cars
each google research rejects 5 grams of CO2 in the atmosphere
4.
ETHIC & SECURITY
if it's free the user is the product