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Biology A Guide to
the Natural World
with Mastering
Biology 4th Edition
By David, Krogh
(Test Bank, All
Chapters
100% Original
Verified, A+ Grade)
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Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 4e (Krogh)
Chapter 1 Science as a Way of Learning: A Guide to the Natural World
1) If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes a mother's egg, which of the following will be true?
A) A baby girl will develop.
B) A sperm can't carry a Y chromosome; only the egg can.
C) Nothing will happen.
D) A baby boy will develop.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 1.1
Skill: Factual
2) The physicist Freeman Dyson made which of the following predictions?
A) Within 50 years, the human species would become extinct.
B) Within 50 years, global warming would make the Earth unlivable.
C) Within 50 years, the energy crisis would be solved.
D) Within 50 years, gardeners would be able to design their own roses and orchids.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 1.1
Skill: Factual
3) Which of the following is evidence that global warming is occurring?
A) The intensity of hurricanes has been decreasing in recent years.
B) The intensity of hurricanes has been increasing in recent years.
C) The number of hurricanes has been decreasing in recent years.
D) The number of hurricanes has been increasing in recent years.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 1.1
Skill: Factual
4) Which animals have had human genes inserted into their makeup to produce milk with human proteins?
A) camels
B) horses
C) goats
D) cattle
Answer: C
Topic: Section 1.1
Skill: Factual
5) Which of the following is true?
A) A scientific theory is a hunch about a natural event.
B) A scientific fact and a scientific theory carry the same weight in the scientific community.
C) A scientific theory explains what we know to this date about a natural event.
D) A scientific theory is the final answer to a question about a natural event.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
1
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6) Choose the answer that best describes the sequence of the scientific method.
A) experiment, observation, hypothesis, conclusion
B) hypothesis, experiment, observation, conclusion
C) guess, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion
D) observation, hypothesis, experiment, absolute fact
E) observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion
Answer: E
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
7) Scientific observations:
A) are limited to available equipment used to record a natural phenomenon.
B) can be made by instrumentation.
C) can be made directly by humans.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
8) Which of the following could be considered a scientific principle?
A) Leaves bend toward the light because they sense light is needed to grow.
B) The height of Americans has been steadily increasing over the past 30 years.
C) Radioactive isotopes can be used as tracers in medicine because radioactive isotopes behave the same
as other isotopes.
D) Biology is a more exact science than chemistry.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
9) We use the scientific method every day. Imagine your car doesn't start one morning before school. Which of
these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem?
A) I'm going to be late.
B) I'm out of gas.
C) Check to see whether your lights were left on all night.
D) Add a quart of oil.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
10) A scientific explanation that is tentative and that requires more investigation is termed a/an:
A) hypothesis.
B) theory.
C) fact.
D) control.
E) observation.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Factual
2
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11) Which of the following is a theory?
A) There is molecular and biochemical evidence that all organisms are related.
B) Many people believe echinacea cures their colds.
C) A boy finds a chipped rock he believes is an arrowhead.
D) Many people claim that the Earth is only 6,000 years old.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
12) The difference between a theory and a hypothesis is that:
A) a theory must be proven beyond a shadow of a doubt.
B) a hypothesis must be proven beyond a shadow of a doubt.
C) a hypothesis must be supported by evidence.
D) a theory must be supported by evidence.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Conceptual
13) Which scientist proved that the theory of spontaneous generation is untrue?
A) Einstein
B) Watson
C) Pauling
D) Crick
E) Pasteur
Answer: E
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Factual
14) Currently there is a controversy over whether which of the following organisms is a direct descendant of the
dinosaurs?
A) snakes
B) lizards
C) birds
D) frogs
E) crocodiles
Answer: C
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Factual
15) A good hypothesis must:
A) be falsifiable.
B) be false.
C) be theoretical.
D) lead to a question.
E) be true.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Conceptual
3
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16) Which one of the following is true about scientific knowledge?
A) Scientific knowledge is derived from careful thinking about the way things must work based on
application of a few fundamental principles.
B) When based on many experiments, scientific knowledge is absolutely true.
C) Scientific knowledge is acquired though teachings passed on by great scientists.
D) Scientific knowledge is not absolute, because the possibility is always held open that new experiments
may one day prove it wrong.
E) Scientific knowledge is derived from the strongest arguments made by the brightest scientists.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
17) When Pasteur tested the hypothesis of spontaneous generation, he compared the ability of a sterilized
growth medium (meat broth) to produce a population of bacteria in two different types of flasks. One had a
simple neck open to the outside, and the other had a "goose neck" bend that also was open to the
environment. Pasteur expected that bacteria would appear in the flask with the standard neck. In this
experiment, the standard neck flask served as:
A) an observation.
B) a variable.
C) a control.
D) a statistic.
E) a hypothesis.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
18) The questions that can be answered by science are:
A) limited by religious doctrine.
B) without limit.
C) limited by what can be investigated using the scientific method.
D) limited by what is found in the living world.
E) limited only by imagination.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Conceptual
19) Which of the following is the most complex level of organization?
A) a heart
B) a water molecule
C) a rainforest
D) the circulatory system
Answer: C
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Applied
4
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20) The students in a classroom could be considered which of the following?
A) a biosphere
B) an organism
C) a population
D) a community
E) a niche
Answer: C
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Applied
21) Living things inherit information from their parents encoded in:
A) molecules.
B) atoms.
C) proteins.
D) DNA.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Factual
22) Which of the following is an example of homeostasis? An organism that can:
A) assimilate and use energy.
B) reproduce.
C) evolve from other living things.
D) maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
E) respond to the environment.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Conceptual
23) Which of the following is the correct order of complexity, going from least to most complex?
A) atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ
B) organ, tissue, cell, organelle, atom, molecule
C) organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule atom
D) molecule, atom, organ, tissue, cell, organelle
E) atom, molecule, organelle, cell, organ, tissue
Answer: A
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Conceptual
24) Organelles are:
A) cells.
B) organisms.
C) a group of cells that serve a common function.
D) compartments within cells.
E) proteins.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Factual
5
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25) Tissues are:
A) a group of cells that serve a common function.
B) compartments within cells.
C) proteins.
D) organisms.
E) cells.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Factual
26) Which of the following is an example of how living things assimilate energy?
A) blinking at a bright light
B) producing a new generation of children
C) eating a meal
D) solving a mathematics problem
Answer: C
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Applied
27) The development of the physical sciences differed from development of biological sciences in that:
A) physical sciences offer the potential to find underlying principles, but such a goal is virtually
impossible in biological sciences.
B) physical sciences developed much more slowly than biological sciences.
C) physical sciences aimed to find underlying principles after this approach was taken in biological
sciences.
D) physical sciences developed more slowly than biological sciences because physical sciences are more
difficult than biological science.
E) physical sciences aimed to find underlying principles before this approach was taken in biological
sciences.
Answer: E
Topic: Section 1.4
Skill: Applied
28) Imagine you're a biology instructor lecturing to a group of students interested in ecology, the branch of
biology that studies interactions between organisms and their environments. They complain bitterly that
they're not interested in atoms and molecules because these are irrelevant to their interests. As a responsible
instructor aiming to provide a complete and meaningful education, you would state:
A) "You need to study atoms and molecules because the organization of life is hierarchical; this implies
that to understand the complex (ecology), you first need to understand the simpler underlying levels."
B) "OK, have it your way."
C) "You to need to study atoms and molecules because they're important for many things."
D) "You need to study atoms and molecules because all biologists, regardless of their specific interests,
should know about them."
E) "You need to study atoms and molecules because it's in the book."
Answer: A
Topic: Section 1.4
Skill: Conceptual
6
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29) Which of the following is true of smoking?
A) Lung cancer rates have been shown to rise and fall with smoking rates.
B) Before smoking became popular in the 1920s, lung cancer was common.
C) Scientists knew in 1940 that smoking causes lung cancer.
Answer: A
Topic: (1) Essay: Lung Cancer, Smoking, and Statistics in Science
Skill: Factual
30) Which of the following is an example of statistics that were used to demonstrate that smoking causes lung
cancer?
A) A doctor notices that most of her lung cancer patients smoked.
B) A mathematical analysis of a large number of people with lung cancer demonstrated that far more
people who smoked developed lung cancer.
C) A woman who smoked developed lung cancer.
Answer: B
Topic: (1) Essay: Lung Cancer, Smoking, and Statistics in Science
Skill: Applied
31) If a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes a mother's egg, which of the following will be true?
A) A baby girl will develop.
B) A sperm can't carry an X chromosome; only the egg can.
C) Nothing will happen.
D) A baby boy will develop.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 1.1
Skill: Factual
32) If you flip the light switch in your living room and nothing happens, what might be a good hypothesis to
explain the absence of light?
A) Electricity sometimes flows backward in a wire, preventing the light from shining.
B) The circuit breaker for the living room might be the "off" position.
C) You might have made too many telephone calls this month, thereby reducing the amount of electricity
in your lines.
D) The air conditioner is also running upstairs, and it might be using all of the electricity available in your
house at the moment.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
33) Tissues are grouped together in functional units called:
A) organelles.
B) cells.
C) organisms.
D) organs.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Factual
34) Kittens are among the animals that scientists have cloned.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 1.1
Skill: Factual
7
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35) Genetically altered salmon are grown to eating weight in half the normal time.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 1.1
Skill: Factual
36) It doesn't matter whether a hypothesis is correct or not when it is first stated.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
37) Observation of a natural event by more than one human or scientific instrument is the basis of the scientific
method.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Conceptual
38) The experiments of Louis Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation illustrate the process of the scientific
method.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Factual
39) A theory must be supported by evidence.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Conceptual
40) A hypothesis must be supported by evidence.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Conceptual
41) All of the kinds of living things in a given area are called a ________.
Answer: community
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Factual
42) The scientist who demonstrated that the Earth moves around the sun was ________.
Answer: Copernicus
Topic: Section 1.4
Skill: Factual
43) The study of the physical functioning of plants and animals is called ________.
Answer: physiology
Topic: Section 1.5
Skill: Factual
44) A unifying principle of biology states that there is a gradual modification of populations of living things over
time that sometimes results in new species. This principle is called ________.
Answer: evolution
Topic: Section 1.4
Skill: Conceptual
8
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Match column 1 with the items in column 2.
45) Physiology
A) ecology
B) molecular biology
Topic: Section 1.5
Skill: Factual
46) Studying how molecules affect living
beings
C) the functioning of plants and animals
Topic: Section 1.5
Skill: Factual
47) How living organisms relate to each
other and to their physical
environment
Topic: Section 1.5
Skill: Factual
45) C
46) B
47) A
48) Name three ways that science and technology enrich your life today.
Answer: After reading the chapter, students should be familiar with some of the benefits of science and
technology and be able to give many different examples.
Topic: Section 1.1
Skill: Conceptual
49) Discuss some of the possible ways that genetic engineering might benefit you or people in your community,
and give possible examples.
Answer: After reading the chapter, students should be familiar with some of the possible benefits of genetic
engineering and be able to give many different examples.
Topic: Section 1.1
Skill: Applied
50) Discuss why it is important that the public be knowledgeable about science.
Answer: After reading the chapter, students should be familiar with the reasons why it is important for the
public to understand science, and how lack of science education can harm society.
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
51) What is the purpose of the "control" in a controlled experiment?
Answer: The control will have only one variable compared to the treatment group. The control group provides
a basis for comparison.
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Conceptual
52) What is meant by the statement "science is measurement"?
Answer: The tools of science typically require some sort of measurement or calculation. As our tools become
improved, our science becomes improved.
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Conceptual
9
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53) You are a part of the first scientific team to land on Saturn. How would you begin to discover whether there
is any life there?
Answer: First, you would explore the landscape to discover anything that appeared to be alive. Then, using the
scientific method to devise controlled experiments, as well as calling on your knowledge of life on this
planet, you would determine whether the things you have discovered are alive, as we define life.
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Applied
54) Explain the difference between a theory and a hypothesis, and give an example of each.
Answer: A hypothesis is a statement of fact yet to be proven, where a theory is based on much work and
compelling evidence.
Topic: Section 1.3
Skill: Applied
55) Using what you have learned in this chapter, explain how you would decide whether multivitamins are
beneficial to dogs.
Answer: Use the scientific method to devise controlled experiments to subject two groups of dogs to
multivitamins.
Topic: Section 1.2
Skill: Applied
10
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