ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES
A.H. Banzon St., Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
(SPECIFIC)
Modifiable Factors:
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Non-Modifiable Factors:
Body Mass Index: 30.2
High intake of glycemic
foods
Causes/Etiology
Mechanisms/Pathogenesis
Types
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic Exam
Nursing Diagnosis
Medical Management
Nursing Management
Surgical Management
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Age: 24 yrs. Old
Sex: Female
•
Reduces Resistance of mother to the pressor
effects of Angiotensin and Norepinephrine
Increased Thromboxane A2 (Vasoconstrictor)
and Decreased Prostacyclin (Vasodilator)
Pregnancy Induced
Hypertension
Unknown Etiology
Insulin in blood
Hyperinsulinemia
Intake of salty and
sugary foods,
beverages (coffee)
Increased blood
Volume/Increased
Cardiac Output
More insulin
triggered due to
high intake of
glycemic foods
Injury to endothelial cells
(Due to pooling of blood
in the venous circulation)
More calories
stored as fat as a
result
Generalized vasospasms
•
Vasoconstriction
Increased blood pressure
Altered tissue perfusion related to vasoconstriction of
blood vessels
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES
A.H. Banzon St., Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
Overnutrition of
the fetus
Weight Gain
Interstitial effect
Protein lost
LGA
Osmotic pressure of
the circulating blood
falls
Decreased absorption
Diffusion of fluid from
blood stream into
interstitial tissue
Edema
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES
A.H. Banzon St., Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
Gestational Hypertension
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Blood pressure is 140/90, no
proteinuria; blood pressure
returns to normal after birth.
Signs and Symptoms:
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Diagnostic Exams:
➢
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Screening Test: January 11, 2024
HBSAG – NONREACTIVE
Blood Type – “B” Rh: Positive
HIV - NONREACTIVE
SYPHILIS - NONREACTIVE
➢ Ultrasound:
• FHR -147
Increased blood pressure
Edema
Weight Gain
Diagnostic Exams:
➢
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•
•
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Urinalysis: February 16, 2024
Color - Yellow
Transparency – Slightly Turbid
Glucose – Negative
Protein – Negative
pH – 65
Specific Gravity – 1.010
Diagnostic Exams:
➢
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CBC Test: February 16, 2024
Hemoglobin – 121g/L
RBC – 4.02x10^12/L
WBC – 10.30x10^9/L
Platelet – 221x10^9/L
Neutrophils – 0.750
Lymphocytes – 0.200
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES
A.H. Banzon St., Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
Edema
Increased blood pressure
Weight Gain
Nursing Diagnosis:
Nursing Diagnosis:
Nursing Diagnosis:
Decreased cardiac output related to
possibly evidence by variations in
BP.
Excess fluid volume related to
decreased cardiac functioning.
Imbalanced Nutrition: More than
body requirements.
Nursing Management:
Nursing Management:
Nursing Management:
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Monitor BP closely
Limit client to do
unnecessary physical activity
Encourage restriction of
sodium and fat, even
beverages such as coffee
Educate and advice patient to
limit alcohol consumption
and avoidance of tobacco
Assist the patient to develop
and adhere to an appropriate
exercise regimen
Monitor response to
medication to control blood
pressure
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Pharmacological Management:
•
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Magnesium Sulfate
Anti-hypertensive drug
(Methyldopa)
Hydralazine
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Assess edema and degree of
pitting edema
Monitor intake and output
Weigh the patient regularly
Instruct patient, caregiver,
and family members
regarding fluid restrictions,
as appropriate
Limit sodium intake as
prescribed
Rest with legs elevated
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Monitor the patient’s intake
and output
Devise the patient a healthy
diet and exercise plan.
Advise the patient to eat
protein-rich foods.
Encourage the patient to eat
small frequent meals to help
the appetite
Educate patients about the
harms of obesity
Avoid fast foods
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES
A.H. Banzon St., Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
Surgical Management:
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Emergency Cesarean Section
Pre-operative Management:
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Monitor VS (BP closely)
Monitor FHT
Assess edema and degree of pitting
edema
NPO
Insert a Foley Catheter
Skin preparation
Test for knee jerk reflex
Post-operative Management:
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Pharmacological Management:
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Magnesium sulfate
Anti-hypertensive drugs
Fluid replacement
Oxytocin
General anesthesia
Antiemetic
Monitor VS especially BP q15 mins
for 2 hours
Assess for bleeding
Patient flat on bed for 2 hours
Monitor flatus and bowel movement
NPO until flatus occur
Assist client with movement if
needed
Educate client for proper wound
care
Pharmacological Management:
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Antibiotics
Anti-hypertensive
Oxytocin
Analgesic
NSAID