MAINS MOCK TEST
Direction(1-8): Read the given passage carefully and answer
the questions that follow.
We don’t have to imagine a world where deepfakes can so
believably imitate the voices of politicians that they can be used
to gin up scandals that could sway elections. It’s already here.
Fortunately, there are numerous reasons for optimism about
society’s ability to identify fake media and maintain a shared
understanding of current events.
While we have reason to believe the future may be safe, we
worry that the past is not.
History can be a powerful tool for manipulation and malfeasance.
The same generative A.I. that can fake current events can also
fake past ones. While new content may be secured through
built-in systems, there is a world of content out there that has not
been watermarked, which is done by adding imperceptible
information to a digital file so that its provenance can be traced.
Once watermarking at
creation becomes
widespread and people
adapt to distrust content
that is not watermarked,
then everything
produced before that
point in time can be
much more easily called
into question.
To altering individual stories in historical newspapers,
to changing names on deeds of title(A)/ false claims with
generated documents, (B)/from photos placing historical
figures in compromising situations, (C)/And this will
create a treasure trove of opportunities for
backstopping(D). While all of these techniques have been
used before, countering them is much harder when the cost
of creating near-perfect fakes has been radically
reduced.This forecast is based on history. There are many
examples of how economic and political powers manipulated
the historical record to their own ends. Stalin purged disloyal
comrades from history by executing them — and then
altering photographic records to make it appear as if they
never existed. Slovenia, upon becoming an independent
country in 1992, erased over 18,000 people from the registry
of residents — mainly members of The Roma minority and
other ethnic non-Slovenes.
In many cases, the
government destroyed their
physical records, leading to
their loss of homes, pensions
and access to other services,
according to a 2003 report by
the Council of Europe
Commissioner for Human
Rights.False documents are
a key part of many efforts to
rewrite the historical record.
The infamous Protocols of the Elders of Zion, first published in
a Russian newspaper in 1903, purported to be meeting
minutes from a Jewish conspiracy to control the world. First
discredited in August 1921, as a forgery plagiarized from
multiple unrelated sources, the Protocols featured prominently
in Nazi propaganda and have long been used to justify
antisemitic violence, including a citation in Article 32 of
Hamas’s 1988 founding Covenant.
In 1924 the Zinoviev Letter, said to be a secret communiqué
from the head of the Communist International in Moscow to the
Communist Party of Great Britain to mobilize support for
normalizing relations with the Soviet Union, was published by
The Daily Mail four days before a general election. The
resulting scandal may have cost Labour the election. The
letter’s origin has never been proved, but its authenticity was
questioned at the time, and an official investigation in the
1990s concluded that it
was most likely the work
of White Russians — a
conservative political
faction led at the time by
Russian émigrés
opposed to the
Communist government.
Decades later Operation Infektion — a Soviet disinformation
campaign — used forged documents to spread the idea that
the United States had invented H.I.V., the virus that causes
AIDS, as a biological weapon. And in 2004 CBS News
withdrew a controversial story because it could not
authenticate the documents, which were later discredited as
forgeries, that called into question the earlier service by
George W. Bush, then the president, in the Texas Air
National Guard.
As it becomes easier to generate historical disinformation
and as the sheer volume of digital fakes explodes, the
opportunity will become available to reshape history or at
least to call our current understanding of it into question.
The prospects of political actors using generative A.I. to
effectively reshape history — not to mention fraudsters
creating spurious legal documents and transaction records
— are frightening.
Fortunately, a path forward
has been laid by the same
companies that created the
risk.In indexing a large share
of the world’s digital media to
train their models, the A.I.
companies have effectively created systems and
databases that will soon contain all of humankind’s
digitally recorded content or at least a meaningful
approximation of it. They could start work today to
record watermarked versions of these primary
documents, which include newspaper archives and a
wide range of other sources, so that subsequent
forgeries are instantly detectable.
1. What is the concern raised in the passage regarding the manipulation
of historical content?
a) The arduous task of fabricating historical forgeries
b) The extensive utilization of watermarks in historical manuscripts
c) The potential malfeasance through the utilization of generative AI to
manipulate historical records
d) The reliability and veracity of newspaper archives
e) None of the above
2. What is suggested as a potential
solution to the threat of historical
manipulation using generative A.I.?
d) Neglecting the latent
perils inherent in
historical manipulation
a) Obliterating the entirety of digital
historical content
e) None of the above
b) Fashioning primary historical
documents adorned with distinctive
watermarks
c) Solely depending on traditional media
as the exclusive reservoir of historical
information
3. According to the passage, what is the
significance of watermarking digital
content?
a) It serves as a deterrent against the
fabrication of counterfeit historical
documents.
b) It guarantees the integrity and
genuineness of historical records.
c) It facilitates the manipulation of
historical events with greater ease.
d) It affords the
immediate
discernment of
counterfeit artifacts.
e) None of the above
4. How does the passage exemplify the
interconnectedness of historical
manipulation and contemporary events?
a) Through an examination of Stalin's
purging of dissenting colleagues
b) Via an exploration of the expungement of
individuals from Slovenia's historical
narratives
c) By elucidating the connections between
Operation Infektion and contemporary
disinformation endeavors
d) By scrutinizing the
veracity of the
Protocols of the
Elders of Zion
e) None of the above
5. What inference can be drawn regarding
the role of technology in historical
manipulation from the examples provided in
the passage?
a) Technological progress has facilitated and
broadened the scope of historical
manipulation.
b) Advancements in technology have led to a
reduction in historical manipulation.
c) Technology has had minimal impact on the
prevalence of historical manipulation.
d) Historical
manipulation has
existed prior to the
advent of technological
innovations.
e) None of the above
6. According to the passage, what role do
historical records play in shaping societal
understanding?
a) They constitute tangible evidence of
historical manipulation orchestrated by
political entities.
b) They offer invaluable perspectives on the
historical milieu surrounding past
occurrences.
c) They play a role in disseminating
disinformation and shaping public perception.
d) They present
avenues for
generative AI to
reinterpret and
reshape historical
narratives.
e) None of the above
To altering individual stories in historical
newspapers, to changing names on
deeds of title(A)/ false claims with
generated documents, (B)/from photos
placing historical figures in
compromising situations, (C)/And this
will create a treasure trove of
opportunities for backstopping(D)
7. Rearrange the following phrases
(A), (B), (C), and (D) in the proper
sequence to form a meaningful
sentence.
A. DBCA
B. ACBD
C. DCBA
D. CBAD
E. No arrangement
required
8. What is the central theme discussed in
the passage regarding historical
manipulation and its implications in the
digital era?
a) The impact of historical erasure on
marginalized communities
b) The authentication of historical records
through watermarking technology
c) The challenges posed by generative A.I.
in altering historical records and its
ramifications for societal understanding
d) The role of
discredited documents
in shaping public
perception of historical
events
e) None of the above
Directions (9-14) A paragraph is given
below with 10 blanks. Below 10 different
phrases are also given, which will fill these
blanks and make a coherent passage. You
are required to find the correct place for
these phrases and fill in the blanks.
The Hippocratic oath serves as a mission statement for physicians,
articulating principles that guide their work. Its tenets include beneficence,
nonmaleficence and confidentiality, but they are often summed up by one
simple phrase: “Do no harm.”It may seem
unthinkable,________________A______________ put a person’s life at
risk. But history has proven that it can happen — and on a grand scale.
In Nazi Germany, many physicians who supported the Nazi ideology
_______________B__________________ concentration camp prisoners.
Drugs and medical treatments were tested on them before being used on
military personnel. Sterilization experiments were conducted to
___________________C__________________ Roma and other groups.
And, most famously, Dr. Josef Mengele carried out cruel experiments on
twins.
Dr. Robert Klitzman, director of the masters in bioethics program at
Columbia University and author of The Ethics Police?: The Struggle to
Make Human Research Safe,
________________D_______________required for a doctor to act with
such malice, we must recognize that people have a tendency to rationalize
their behaviors. He spoke with CNN Opinion recently about a growing
_______________E_______________ to learn from history so we don’t
repeat it. Indeed, as retired physician Raul Artal, who was born in a
concentration camp, wrote in a 2016 article published by the Association of
American Medical Colleges (AAMC): “Nazi physicians claimed the moral
high ground by transforming the Hippocratic Oath from a doctor-patient
relationship to a state-Völkskorper—or nation’s body—relationship.
They justified the sterilization or elimination
of _________________F_______________
simultaneously ending the suffering of the
genetically inferior and preventing
transmission of their presumably hereditary
harmful traits.”
1. call among physicians and medical
institutions around the world
2. carried out dangerous and torturous
medical experiments on
3. says that to make sense of the cognitive
dissonance
4. then, for a doctor, guided by this oath, to
knowingly
5. ‘lives not worth living’ as a merciful
preventive measure,
6. identify the most efficient way to control
the population of Jews,
The Hippocratic oath serves as a mission
statement for physicians, articulating principles
that guide their work. Its tenets include
beneficence, nonmaleficence and confidentiality,
but they are often summed up by one simple
phrase: “Do no harm.”It may seem
unthinkable,________________A_____________
_ put a person’s life at risk. But history has proven
that it can happen — and on a grand scale.
9) Which of the following phrases can contextually
and grammatically fill the place A?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 4
E. 1
In Nazi Germany, many physicians who
supported the Nazi ideology
_______________B_________________
_ concentration camp prisoners. Drugs
and medical treatments were tested on
them before being used on military
personnel.
`10) Which of the following phrases can
contextually and grammatically fill the
place B?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 1
E. 3
Sterilization experiments were
conducted to
___________________C__________
________ Roma and other groups.
A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 1
11) Which of the following phrases can
contextually and grammatically fill the
place C?
E. 6
Dr. Robert Klitzman, director of the masters in
bioethics program at Columbia University and
author of The Ethics Police?: The Struggle to
Make Human Research Safe,
________________D_______________require
d for a doctor to act with such malice, we must
recognize that people have a tendency to
rationalize their behaviors.
12) Which of the following phrases can
contextually and grammatically fill the place D?
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 1
He spoke with CNN Opinion recently
about a growing _______________
E _______________ to learn from
history so we don’t repeat it.
13) Which of the following phrases
can contextually and grammatically
fill the place E?
A. 4
B. 1
C. 3
D. 2
E. 5
They justified the sterilization or elimination
of _________________ F
_______________ simultaneously ending
the suffering of the genetically inferior and
preventing transmission of their presumably
hereditary harmful traits.”
14) Which of the following phrases can
contextually and grammatically fill the place
F?
A. 3
B. 1
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
Direction(15-20): Rearrange the following
NINE sentences in a proper sequence to
form a meaningful paragraph.
A. Photos of his actions then spread on social media, along
with the nickname taken from the Italian word for angle
grinder, flessibile - the tool he has mostly used to destroy the
cameras.
B. The vigilante has already claimed at least 15 successful
strikes, and a special police task force and four different
prosecutors' offices are now investigating the attacks.
C. This message is found in every attack and the chorus of
approval is growing on social media, where Fleximan is
treated as a sort of modern Robin Hood.
D. Italy has been gripped by a vigilante who calls himself
"Fleximan" and has made it his mission to tear down as many
speed cameras as possible.
E. The anonymous vandal began leaving a trail of destruction
months ago in the north-east, as more and more of the
cameras were put out of action.
F. This social media campaign may reflect popular anger
about the proliferation of speed cameras, but road deaths in
Italy are higher than in many other European countries.
G.What is not clear is whether
Fleximan is one man or two, or
perhaps he has become a number of
copycat vandals.
H. Police in the north-west Piedmont
region say they have charged a
50-year-old suspect, but most of the
attacks have taken place in the Veneto
area of the north-east.
I. And at the scene of one of his most
recent attacks, the 50 year old left a
handwritten message: "Fleximan is
coming."
15. Which of the following pairs of
the FIRST statement and the LAST
statement respectively, after the
correct rearrangement?
A. GA
B. CF
C. ED
D. DC
E. DG
16. Which of the following options is
the pair of the ANTEPENULTIMATE
statement and the PENULTIMATE
statement, respectively, after the
correct rearrangement?
A. EF
B. CF
C. HI
D. DA
E. DG
17. Which of the following options is
the pair of the THREE
CONSECUTIVE statement,
respectively, after the correct
rearrangement?
A. FGH
B. GBA
C. GEB
D. ACG
E. CAD
18. Which of the following pairs of
the FIRST TWO statement and the
LAST TWO statement respectively,
after the correct rearrangement?
A. EAHI
B. DBIC
C. EDCH
D. DGHI
E. AEBD
19. Which of the following is the
MIDDLE statement after
rearrangement?
A. C
B. G
C. B
D. F
E. D
20. Which of the following is the
THIRD last statement after
rearrangement?
A. H
B. G
C. B
D. F
E. D