160 Improving University and College Teaching qualities may include ability, behaviour, capacities shown, civic sense, co-operation, discipline, emotional stability, ha bits of neatness, industry and application, initiative, moti vation level, punctuality, regularity, etc. The interests may Cover areas such as art, iterary activities, music, science, social service, subjects of study, etc. Attitude may cover areas such as studies, teachers, peers, curricular activities, Co-currcular activities, etc. Physical health may cover as pects such as height, weight, eye sight, chest, history of disease, etc. tech The non-cog:nitive aspects can be assessed throughtests, various niques such as observation, administration of Vari inventories and scales, medical/health check up, etc. check lists, rating ous tools such as observation schedules, can be used. All insti Scales, tests, interest inventories, etc. or grade basis. Sri tutions donot evaluate students on mark Pondicherry at Aurobindo International Centre of Education as regards ability, attendance, reports progress of students openness of in behaviour, concentration, industry, interest, telligence, promptness to understand. OPEN BOOK EXAMINATIONS innovation in examination an is examination Open book in India and abroad. made been have attempts system. Various are given below: Some of the findings of the studies conducted at Kurukshetra study a reported (1981) Verma significant differ University in 1978. The study did not find essay type exami examination and ence between open book experimentation by uni nation. Verma (1986)reported about Punjab Govern versities such as Jodhpur and Agra and by ment which were abondoned after trial. introduced from [Iundal (1985) suggested that it may be such as maturity of stu +2 stage. She p0inted out defects that nay dents to use books, and lack of reference books, may also stand on the way of introduction of this system. It discourage self-study habits and may give more scope to copying and other malpractices. Packiam (1985) gave some Examination Reform 161 Suggestions that were not in tune with those of Hundal. She said that the Open Book Examination could lead to removal various of copying and other malpractices and could develop abilities such as consultation of reference materials, opera self tive thinking, habit of spending nore time in libraries, reCDIm study habit, etc. However, the examnation was not mended for school level. Advantages : The advantages of Open Book Examina tion areas follows: skills in students. (a) Development of lifelong education than (b) More use of reference materials (c) Shift of emphasis from ing and application. bazar notes. memorization to understand Removal of examination fear psychosis. recourse to copying (e) Reduction of tendency to take and malpractice. time of writing () Promotion of learning during the answers to question. which are not tested (g) Assessment of certain abilities (d) by traditional examinations. can (h) The students having poor memory abilities do better. (i) Allforms of questions can be easily set. Limitations: The Open Book Examination may have the following limitations. (a) Memory power cannot be tested. (b) Malpractice may continue in form of consultation among students or dictation of answers by exani ners.
