ELCT 142 Lab Manual
Table of Contents
LAB
PAGE
Lab #1 – The Atom Part A and Part B
3-4
Lab #2 – Multimeters
5 - 14
Project Board Layout
15
Lab #3 – Project Board #1 – Simple Circuit
17 - 27
Lab #4 – Project Board #2 – Parallel Circuit
29 - 42
Lab #5 – Project Board #3 – Series Circuit
43 - 55
Lab #6 – Project Board #4 – Series Parallel Circuit
57 - 65
Student Name: ________________________________
1
2
ELCT 142 Lab #1 – Part A: Atom Diagram
(Total 15 Marks)
Preparation for ELCT 142 Lab #1:
You are to come prepared with a colour coded diagram of an Atom of your choice. This diagram should be
on a fresh piece of 8 ½ x 11 paper and should demonstrate time and effort. Your diagram must be your
own work (not an image from the internet or any other source) and be fully labeled.
** NOTE: In order to participate in this first lab, your diagram must be submitted to me by:
___________________________________________________________________!!
ELCT 142 - LAB #1 – The Atom Diagram – Individual Work
Marks
Questions/ Elements
Needs Work/
Incomplete
Satisfactory
___/5
Comprehensive,
thorough and
detailed diagram
reflecting time and
effort; accurate
schematic
representation of
Atom
(0-1)
• Incomplete
and/or little to no
evidence of time
and effort
• Not an accurate
representation
(2-3)
• Somewhat
comprehensive and
detailed
• Fair accuracy in
schematic
representation
(4-4.5)
• Comprehension and
detail of project is good
• Good accuracy in
schematic
representation
(5)
• Comprehension and detail
of project is excellent
• Excellent accuracy in
schematic representation
___/10
Atom and all parts of
atom identified;
colour coded and
labeled correctly
(directly or in an
attached legend)
(0 - 4)
• Incomplete
labeling/identificat
ion of atom and
atom parts
• Not colour coded
(5-7)
• Somewhat
comprehensive and
detailed
• Satisfactory reflection
of time and effort
• Satisfactory
labeling/identification
of atom and atom
parts
• Adequate colour
coding
(8-9)
• Comprehension and
detail of project is good
• Good reflection of time
and effort
• Good
labelling/identification of
atom and atom parts
• Good colour coding
(10)
• Comprehension and detail
of project is excellent
• Excellent reflection of time
and effort
• Excellent
labelling/identification of
atom and atom parts
• Excellent colour coding
TOTAL
Comments:
Good
Excellent
/15
NOTE: This diagram is a means for you to show me your understanding of how an atom is constructed and the
various parts of an atom. To accomplish this, make sure you are very detailed with in your diagram, including all
parts of the atom with very thorough and detailed labelling of these various parts.
TOTAL AVAILABLE MARKS FOR LAB #1 (Part A and Part B) = 30 Marks
3
ELCT 142 Lab #1 – Part B: 3D Atom
(Total 15 Marks)
In your established groups, decide on an atom that you will all work together to create a 3D model. You will
be graded on the following:
•
•
•
•
Group participation - your contribution to the project – possible deductions
Comprehensive, thorough, and detailed project reflecting time and effort – 5 marks
Atom and all parts of atom identified and labeled correctly (directly or in an attached legend) – 5
marks
Answer to the following question: Would your atom be considered a conductor, semi-conductor, or
insulator and why? - 5 marks
ELCT 142 - LAB #1 – The Atom in 3D – Group Work
Marks
Questions/ Elements
___/5
Comprehensive,
thorough and
detailed 3D project
reflecting time and
effort
(0 - 1)
• Incomplete
and/or little to
no evidence of
time and effort
(2-3)
• Somewhat
comprehensive and
detailed
• Satisfactory reflection of
time and effort
(4-4.5)
(5)
• Comprehension and
detail of project is good
• Good reflection of time
and effort
• Comprehension and
detail of project is
excellent
• Excellent reflection of
time and effort
Atom and all parts of
atom identified and
labeled correctly
(directly or in an
attached legend)
(0 - 1)
• Incomplete
labeling/identific
ation of atom
and atom parts
(2-3)
• Somewhat
comprehensive and
detailed
• Satisfactory reflection of
time and effort
• Satisfactory
labeling/identification of
atom and atom parts
(4-4.5)
(5)
• Comprehension and
detail of project is good
• Good reflection of time
and effort
• Good
labelling/identification of
atom and atom parts
• Comprehension and
detail of project is
excellent
• Excellent reflection of
time and effort
• Excellent
labelling/identification of
atom and atom parts
(0 - 1)
• Unclear if
concepts were
understood
(2 – 2.5)
• Satisfactory
demonstration of an
understanding of the
concepts
(3 - 4)
(5)
• Good demonstration of
an understanding of the
concepts
• Excellent demonstration
of an understanding of
the concepts
___/5
___/5
Answer to the
following
questions: Would
your atom be
considered a
conductor, semiconductor, or
insulator and why?
Why is it important
to study the Atom
when learning
about electricity?
TOTAL
Group Members Names:
Needs Work/
Incomplete
Satisfactory
Good
Excellent
/15
TOTAL AVAILABLE MARKS FOR LAB #1 (Part A and Part B) = 30 Marks
4
ELCT 142: Lab #2 Multimeters
Student Name:
ELCT 142: Lab #2 Multimeters
In Lab Work:
1. Work through the PowerPoint re: Multimeters with your instructor.
2. Work through the “IN LAB ACTIVITY” handout with your instructor and classmates.
Individual Work to be completed and submitted to D2L (50 marks):
3. Download “Lab#2: Multimeters” from the D2L page.
4. Answer and fill in the blanks in your downloaded document.
NOTE: This document includes the following:
• Questions you have worked through in lab (6 marks for complete and accurate
responses)
• Conclusion questions (34 marks)
• Questions from Unit 5.4 (Tools of Electrical Measurement) of your NRG Module
5 manual and questions from Chapter 7 (Electrical Measuring Instruments) of
your GT3 textbook. (10 marks for complete and accurate responses)
5. Save this document with your name attached and submit to your instructor BEFORE
YOUR NEXT SCHEDULED LAB PERIOD.
Multimeter Quiz (30 marks):
6. Your instructor will schedule a time for you to complete a quiz on multimeters. The
mark you achieve on this quiz will be a part of your final Lab #2 mark.
Total Marks for Lab #2: Multimeters = 80 Marks
5
6
IN LAB ACTIVITY: (6 marks for complete and accurate answers)
1. How do you set up your meter to measure RESISTANCE?
2. What is the resistance of a 1’ piece of #14AWG stranded conductor?
3. What is the resistance of 984’ (300m) of #14 AWG stranded conductor?
4. Explain the difference in readings for question 3 and 4 above.
5. What is the resistance of a 2’piece of ½ copper pipe? Why? Is there continuity (audible signal)? Why?
6. What are the units of measurement when your multimeter is set to continuity? What are the units of
measurement when you meter is set to measure resistance? Why are these the same units?
7. What is the resistance of a 2’piece of ½ EMT pipe? Why? Is there continuity (audible signal)? Why?
8. What is the resistance of a 2 ft piece of 2x4 spruce? Why? Is there continuity (audible signal)? Why?
9. What is the resistance of a 2 ft piece of plastic pipe? Why? Is there continuity (audible signal)? Why?
10. What is the resistance of your skin?
11. What is the resistance of your skin when it is moist/wet?
12. What is the resistance of your voltmeter when you have selected AC Voltage on your meter? Why?
13. What is the resistance of your ammeter when you have selected AC Amperage on your meter? Why?
7
14. What do you set your voltmeter to when checking the voltage of a battery? What is the voltage reading
of the 9V battery?
15. What do you set your voltmeter to when checking the voltage of a receptacle? What is the voltage
reading of the receptacle in lab? (DO THIS STEP WITH YOUR INSTRUCTOR – DO NOT TAKE THIS
MEASUREMENT WITHOUT AN INSTRUCTOR PRESENT!!!)
SEE NEXT PAGE FOR CONCLUSION QUESTIONS TO ANSWER ☞
8
MULTIMETER LAB CONCLUSION QUESTIONS
VOLTAGE: (8 marks)
What is VOLTAGE? (1 mark)
What is/are the symbol(s) for voltage?
(1 mark)
What specific tool or type of meter is used
to measure voltage? (1 mark)
What are the units used for a measure of
voltage? (1 mark)
What is the internal resistance or your
voltmeter? (very low or very high)
(1 mark)
Why must the internal resistance of your
voltmeter be very low/very high?
(2 marks)
How must the voltmeter be connected with
respect to the source to attain a measure?
(1 mark)
CURRENT: (8 marks)
What is CURRENT? (1 mark)
What is the symbol for current? (1 mark)
What specific tool or type of meter is used
to measure current? (1 mark)
What are the units used for a measure of
current? (1 mark)
What is the internal resistance or your
inline ammeter? (very low or very high)
(1 mark)
Why must the internal resistance of your
inline ammeter be very low/very high?
(2 marks)
How must the ammeter be connected with
respect to the source to attain a measure?
(1 mark)
9
RESISTANCE: (5 marks)
What is RESISTANCE? (1 mark)
What is the symbol for resistance?
(1 mark)
What specific tool or type of meter is
used to measure resistance? (1 mark)
How is resistance measured?
(1 mark)
What are the units used for a
measure of resistance? (1 mark)
CONTINUITY: (7 marks)
What is CONTINUITY? (1 mark)
What is the symbol for continuity?
(1 mark)
How is continuity evaluated?
(2 marks)
What are the units used that aid in
evaluating continuity? (1 mark)
Within what ohmic range does the
continuity setting on your meter give
an audible signal? (2 marks)
10
Multimeter Symbols and Measurable Elements: (6 marks)
Give the brand and model number of your multimeter. Identify and list all elements your meter will
measure. Beside each item, draw the symbol from your meter. IF YOU DO NOT YET HAVE A METER, SEARCH
ONLINE FOR THE MANUAL OF A MULTIMETER YOU MAY CHOOSE TO BUY (i.e., “UEI DL489 manual”).
SEE NEXT PAGE FOR QUESTIONS FROM YOUR OBT3 MANUAL
TO ANSWER ☞
11
REVIEW QUESTIONS – SECTION 5.4
Tools of Electrical Measurement
5 marks for complete and accurate responses to Review Questions
1. Name the three most common types of electrical meters and state what they measure.
a.
b.
c.
2. Name two basic operational types of electrical meters and describe their fundamental difference.
a.
b.
3. State the meaning of the following symbols found on a multimeter.
Symbol Meaning
V
mA
Ω
V
𝜇
A
K
4. Which of the following statements is correct concerning electrical test meters?
a. Always start on the lowest scale setting to avoid damaging the meter.
b. It will not harm the meter if you turn the selector dial quickly while attached to the circuit.
c. Test leads must be disconnected when changing the function select dial.
d. A milliamp (mA) is equal to 1000 amperes.
ANSWER:
5. When measuring VAC, the black test probe on a multimeter must be connected into the _________ jack
and the red test probe must be connected into the __________ jack.
6. If a voltage measurement across and open switch indicates applied voltage, the motor connected to
that switch is safe to work on.
True or False? Explain.
12
7. Which of the following statements is correct concerning ammeters?
a. An ammeter measures resistance in ohms.
b. An in-line ammeter must be connected across the load.
c. An in-line ammeter must be connected as part of the circuit with the load.
d. The jaws of a clamp-on ammeter must pinch the conductor.
ANSWER:
8. Define the following electrical terms:
Electrical Term Definition
Ampacity
Continuity
Load
Current draw
9. Which of the following statements is correct concerning ohmmeters?
a. An ohmmeter must never be connected to a live circuit.
b. An ohmmeter must always be connected to a live circuit.
c. The ohmmeter scale on an analog meter is divided into equal increments.
d. An analog ohmmeter scale is read from left to right like other scales.
ANSWER:
SEE NEXT PAGE FOR QUESTIONS FROM YOUR GT3 MANUAL
TO ANSWER ☞
13
GT3: CSA Unit 5 – Introduction to Electricity – Chapter 7: Electrical Measuring Instruments
5 marks for complete and accurate responses to Review Questions
Question
1. What type of electrical meter is used for
measuring resistance and continuity?
Answer
Page
2. What is the purpose of a multimeter?
3. When using a meter to measure voltage, how
must the voltmeter be connected into the circuit?
4. When using a meter to measure current, how
must the ammeter be connected into the circuit?
5. Why must an ohmmeter never be connected into
a live circuit?
6. What should be done if the value of voltage or
current to be measured is unknown?
7. What are the steps that must be taken before a
multimeter is used to measure voltage or current?
NOTE: This question and the answer refer to an
analog meter.
8. Explain the term “linear scale”.
9. What is the term used to describe a meter scale
that is very cramped on the high resistance end?
10. What does the term “VOM” stand for in
reference to a multimeter?
14
A
B
Switch 1
Main box
Light 1
Device Box Layout for
ALL Four Project Board
Labs
E
C
B
Master switch
Switch 2
Light 2
F
D
LEGEND
A and B are EQUAL
B
C and D are EQUAL
E and F are EQUAL
Switch 3
Light 3
15
16
Lab Hand-In Expectations
Electrical 1: Project Board #1
Simple Circuit
DUE: At the BEGINNING of lab on the date: ________________________________
Late Lab Deductions:
-
minus 5% if NOT at the beginning of lab
minus 10% one day late
minus 15% two days late
minus 20% three days late
ZERO if four or more days late
Expectations for Lab Hand-Ins:
 Electrical 1: Project Board #1 – Simple Circuit instructions
 Fully completed work order:
o Computer Generated - download, complete and print “HVAC SERVICE INVOICE FORM –
Students” from D2L
OR
o NEATLY fill in a blank work order with pen
 Schematic diagram – full labeled; used a ruler
 Pictorial diagram – see course resources for pictorial diagram
o colour coded
o boxes bonded
o legend completed
o use a ruler
o correct wiring
 Calculations: Theoretical and Measured:
o show ALL calculations AND show ALL formulas and units
o label each schematic as demonstrated
 NEAT, TIDY, PROFESSIONAL presentation of entire lab!!! Deductions will be given for untidy and
poorly presented labs.
17
18
HVAC SERVICE INVOICE FORM
JOB TITLE
JOB DUE DATE
CUSTOMER NAME
STREET
CITY
PROVINCE
DATE
POSTAL CODE
HRS.
LABOUR (Description of work.)
RATE
TOTAL LABOUR
DATE
QTY.
MATERIALS AND SERVICES
UNIT PRICE
AMOUNT
570
00
AMOUNT
TOTAL MATERIALS
TOTAL SUMMARY
Additional Notes/Comments:
TOTAL LABOUR
TOTAL MATERIAL
SUB-TOTAL
TAX (13%)
TOTAL
TECHNICIAN:
DATE:
TECHNICIAN SIGNATURE:
CUSTOMER SIGNATURE:
19
20
Electrical 1: Project Board #1
Simple Circuit
Objective:
Within the HVAC industry, one of the most common circuits is the simple circuit. The learner must understand how
this circuit works and be able to determine amperages within this circuit and understand. The learner will, at the
end of this lab, know how to calculate Ohms and Watts law to determine resistances, voltages, amperages and
power. The learner, will also, at the end of this lab, be able to properly complete a work order.
Project:
Develop a simple circuit using a single switch (SW2) controlling a single 60 watt lamp (L1). We as a group will work
on the pictorial, schematic and all the calculations required to complete this demo board. Total marks for this lab
will be 53, see below for marking scheme.
Procedure:
1. Draw a pictorial diagram depicting the circuit, showing the layout of the circuit and all of the wiring including
the routing of wires. Indicate on your diagram the boxes that you will use on the demo board. Upon
completion your pictorial should match your electrical board that you submit for marking.
2. Draw the schematic diagram for this circuit.
3. Using Ohms and Watts law, calculate and show on your diagram the voltages, currents, and resistances at
each device in your circuit.
4. Wire this circuit on the demo board, using “non-metallic sheathed cable”
5. The source is to be 120 VAC feed to the circuit from the 4” junction box.
6. Be sure to use the correct type of connectors and clips for the type of cable being used and the correct
size of wire connector if required.
7.
Leave switches open above boxes until your instructor has inspected the wiring.
8. Leave lamp holders exposed to facilitate testing with meter.
9. Under instructor’s supervision, power circuit and make meter measurements to validate your circuit
calculations and your measurements.
Under Lab Progression: The learner will be marked on the following criteria (possible 23 marks):
Is the pictorial diagram correct (proper symbols and connections)?
Is the schematic diagram correct (proper symbols and connections)?
Were box caps installed in open connector holes?
Is the sequence of operation the same on both diagrams?
Was wire insulation extended into the boxes?
Was drawing, drawn neatly, and with straight edge?
Was wire insulation stripped to the right length (not to long/short)?
Was Ohm's law calculated correctly (if not done -3)?
Was there a minimum of 6" of wire in the box?
Was Watt's law calculated correctly (if not done -3)?
Was wire run neatly (straight, parallel, 90 degree bends)?
Is the routing of wires correct on the Pictorial?
When checking marretts, did they pull off?
Are the switches drawn in the correct position (open and to the left of load)?
Were wires wrapped around screws properly?
Are the bonds identified on the pictorial diagram (correct symbol)?
Was there only one wire under one screw?
Were correct box connectors used (romex or BX)?
Were all screws tightened correctly?
If using stranded wire where correct connectors used?
Did student have power wire under brass screws and neutral under silver screws?
21
Under Work Order Accuracy: The learner will be marked on the following criteria (Possible 30 marks):
Did student identify the correct job number?
Did student identify all materials used in this project
Did student identify the correct customer?
Did student calculate parts cost correctly.
Did student identify street number?
Did student identify a total parts list?
Did student identify street.
Did student identify total labour cost?
Did student Identify town or city.
Did student calculate HST correctly?
Did student identify province
Did student identify postal code?
Did student identify the labour rate?
Did student identify the correct Make?
Did student identify the correct Model?
Did student identify the correct Serial?
Did student identify correct location?
Did student Identify what the customer reported?
Did student write up a proper description of work done?
Did student identify final cost to customer correctly?
Did student identify all the dates worked on this project?
Did student identify the correct job hours.
Did student identify if the job was complete.
Did student identify service technician.
Did student identify if someone assisted him.
Any areas not used marked with N/A how many areas missed (worth 4 marks).
Lab Safety:
Safety procedures must be followed at all times during lab. This includes but not limited to the use of PPE,
cleanliness, and horseplay.
Tool Requirements:
The learner must supply all their own hand tools and multi meter (measure 10 amps in series) and not share with
other students.
22
ELCT 142: PROJECT 1
Simple Circuit
Schematic Drawing:
Pictorial Diagram:
Main box
Switch 1
Master switch
Switch 2
Light 2
Switch 3
Light 3
Light 1
LEGEND
23
24
THEORETICAL
40 Watt Lightbulb
P = 40 Watts
I = 0.333 Amps
R = 364 Ohms
Source
VT = 120VAC
PT = 40W
𝑷
𝟒𝟎𝑾
𝑰𝑻 = 𝑽𝑻 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝑽 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒔
𝑻
120VAC
AC
Control
Load
𝑹𝑻 =
Pathway
𝑽𝑻
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝑽
=
= 𝟑𝟔𝟒Ω
𝑰𝑻
𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒔
The measured cold resistance of the 40 W lightbulb = _____ Ω
The calculated hot resistance of the 40 W lightbulb = 364 Ω
60 Watt Lightbulb
AC
100 Watt Lightbulb
AC
25
26
MEASURED
40 Watt Lightbulb
V MEASURED = _______ V
I MEASURED = _______ Amps
𝑹𝑻 =
𝑽𝑴𝑬𝑨𝑺𝑼𝑹𝑬𝑫
=
𝑰𝑴𝑬𝑨𝑺𝑼𝑹𝑬𝑫
AC
The measured cold resistance of the 40 W lightbulb = _____ Ω
The calculated hot resistance of the 40 W lightbulb = _____ Ω
60 Watt Lightbulb
AC
100 Watt Lightbulb
AC
27
28
Lab Hand-In Expectations
ELCT 142: Project Board #2
Parallel Circuit
DUE: At the BEGINNING of lab on ______________________________________.
Late Lab Deductions:
-
minus 5% if NOT at the beginning of lab
minus 10% one day late
minus 15% two days late
minus 20% three days late
ZERO if four or more days late
Expectations for Lab Hand-Ins:
 Electrical 1: Project Board #2 – Parallel Circuit instructions
 Fully completed work order:
o Computer Generated - download, complete and print “HVAC SERVICE INVOICE FORM –
Students” from D2L
OR
o NEATLY fill in a blank work order with pen
 Schematic diagram – fully labelled; used a ruler
 Pictorial diagram
o colour coded
o boxes bonded
o legend completed
o use a ruler
o correct wiring
 Calculations:
o show ALL calculations AND show ALL formulas and units
o table completed
 Question sheet fully answered
 NEAT, TIDY, PROFESSIONAL presentation of entire lab!!! Deductions will be given for untidy and poorly
presented labs.
29
30
HVAC SERVICE INVOICE FORM
JOB TITLE
JOB DUE DATE
CUSTOMER NAME
STREET
CITY
PROVINCE
DATE
POSTAL CODE
HRS.
LABOUR (Description of work.)
RATE
TOTAL LABOUR
DATE
QTY.
MATERIALS AND SERVICES
UNIT PRICE
AMOUNT
570
00
AMOUNT
TOTAL MATERIALS
TOTAL SUMMARY
Additional Notes/Comments:
TOTAL LABOUR
TOTAL MATERIAL
SUB-TOTAL
TAX (13%)
TOTAL
TECHNICIAN:
DATE:
TECHNICIAN SIGNATURE:
CUSTOMER SIGNATURE:
31
32
ELCT 142: Project Board #2
Parallel Circuit
Objective:
Within the HVAC industry, one of the most common circuits found within heating and air
conditioning equipment, is the parallel circuit. The learner must understand how the parallel
circuit works and be able to determine/calculate voltage and amperage on each branch circuit. The
learner will, during this lab, begin to learn how to calculate Ohms and Watts law to determine
resistances, amperages and power on each branch circuit within the parallel circuit; as well, be
able to calculate total amperage within a parallel circuit. The learner, will also, at the end of this
lab, be able to properly complete a work order.
Project:
Develop a simple circuit using three switches (Switch 1, Switch 2, and Switch 3) controlling a single
lamp each. The lamps are to be wired in parallel from the source and each will be in series with a
switch. The upper lamp (Light 1) will be 100 watt, the centre lamp (Light 2) will be 40 watt and the
lower lamp (Light 3) will be 60 watt. All lamps are rated at 120 volt AC. Total marks for this lab will
be 70, see below for marking scheme.
Procedure:
1. Draw a pictorial diagram depicting the circuit; showing the layout of the circuit and all of the
wiring including the routing of wires. Indicate on your diagram the boxes that you will use on
the demo board. Upon completion, your pictorial should match your electrical board that you
submit for marking.
2. Draw the schematic diagram for this circuit.
3. Using Ohms and Watts law, calculate and show on your diagram the voltages, currents, and
resistances at each load in your circuit.
4. Wire this circuit on the demo board using “non-metallic sheathed cable” for the upper two
lamps (Light 1 and Light 2) and armoured cable for the bottom lamp (Light 3).
5. The source is to be 120 VAC feed to the circuit from the 4” junction box.
6. Be sure to use the correct type of connectors and clips for the type of cable being used and the
correct size of wire connector if require.
7. Leave switches open above boxes until your instructor has inspected the wiring.
8. Leave lamp holders exposed to facilitate testing with meter.
9. Under instructor’s supervision, power circuit and make meter measurements to validate your
circuit calculations and your measurements.
33
34
ELCT 142: PROJECT BOARD #2
Parallel Circuit
Schematic Drawing:
Pictorial Diagram:
Switch 1
Main box
Light 1
Master switch
Switch 2
Light 2
Switch 3
Light 3
LEGEND
35
36
Electrical 142: Project Board #2
Parallel Circuit
SHOW ALL CALCULATIONS AND INCLUDE UNITS (V, amps, Ω):
 see next page for “Calculations Worksheet”
Elec. Unit/ quantity
Calculated values
Measured values
Current Line 1 – 100W (I = P/E)
Current Line 2 – 40W (I = P/E)
Current Line 3 – 60W (I = P/E)
Total Current (all switches closed)
Total Current – only Switch 1 open
Total Current – only Switch 2 open
Total Current – only Switch 3 open
Source Voltage
Voltage across Light 1 (100W)
Voltage across Light 2 (40W)
Voltage across Light 3 (60W)
100W Resistance (cold)
120 Volts
120 Volts
120 Volts
120 Volts
N/A
N/A
100W Resistance (hot)
40W Resistance (cold)
N/A
N/A
40W Resistance (hot)
60W Resistance (cold)
60W Resistance (hot)
N/A
N/A
37
38
PROJECT BOARD #2: CALCULATIONS WORKSHEET
 SHOW ALL CALCULATIONS AND INCLUDE UNITS (V, amps, Ω):
Calculations
SHOW ALL FORMULAS AND UNITS (V, amps, Ω):
Solve for:
FORMULA
FORMULA with VARIABLES filled in
(including UNITS)
ANSWER with UNITS.
Current Line 1
(100W)
Current Line 2
(40W)
Current Line 3
(60W)
Total Current
(all switches
closed)
Total Current –
only Switch 1
open
Total Current –
only Switch 2
open
Total Current –
only Switch 3
open
100W
Resistance
40W
Resistance
60W
Resistance
Total
Resistance
(Parallel Formula)
Total
Resistance
(Ohm’s Law)
Which bulb has the highest resistance? ___________ Which bulb has the lowest resistance? ___________
39
40
ELCT 142: Questions for Project Board #2
Refer to the following in order to answer the questions below:
• Project Board #2 Lab description, schematic and pictorial diagram
• Course resource titled: “Ohm’s Law” and “Parallel Circuits”
• NRG, Module 5, Section 5.6 (Ohm’s Law and Watt’s Law)
• NRG, Module 5, Section 5.7 (Types of Circuits)
1. What type of circuit did you do for Project #2?
2. What do the rules regarding parallel circuits state about the total resistance in your Project #2
circuit?
The total resistance of a parallel circuit is ______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Show the parallel formula for calculating total resistance of a parallel circuit with 4 loads:
4. What do the rules regarding parallel circuits state about the total current in your Project #2
circuit?
The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to __________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Show the parallel formula for calculating total current in a parallel circuit with 6 loads:
6. What do the rules regarding parallel circuits state about the voltage in your Project #2 circuit?
The voltage is _____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
7. Show the parallel formula for total voltage in a parallel circuit with 3 loads:
8. List the steps you would take to measure current:
I.
Disconnect the leads from your circuit.
II.
Move the selector dial to __________________; draw your meter’s symbol representing
this function ________
III.
Connect the leads of your meter in _____________________________________
41
9. Draw your Project Board #2 circuit below. In this drawing, draw an INLINE ammeter connected
to measure total current AND another INLINE ammeter connected to measure the current
flowing through the second light in your Project #2 installation (40W bulb).
10. List the steps you would take to measure voltage:
I.
Disconnect the leads from your circuit.
II.
Move the selector dial to __________________; draw your meter’s symbol representing
this function ________
III.
Connect the leads of your meter in ____________________________________
11. How would you measure incoming voltage in your Project #2 installation?
12. What would be the voltage reading across an open switch in your Project #2 circuit? Why?
13. What would be the voltage reading across a closed switch in your Project #2 circuit? Why?
14. With your Project #2 de-energized, how could you use your meter to identify that all switches
were open?
15. With your Project #2 de-energized, how could you use your meter to identify that one or more
of your switches were closed?
42
Lab Hand-In Expectations
ELCT 142: Project Board #3
Series Circuit
DUE: At the BEGINNING of lab on ______________________________________.
Late Lab Deductions:
-
minus 5% if NOT at the beginning of lab
minus 10% one day late
minus 15% two days late
minus 20% three days late
ZERO if four or more days late
Expectations for Lab Hand-Ins:
 Electrical 1: Project Board #3 – Series Circuit instructions
 Fully completed work order:
o Computer Generated - download, complete and print “HVAC SERVICE INVOICE FORM –
Students” from D2L
OR
o NEATLY fill in a blank work order with pen
 Schematic diagram – fully labelled; used a ruler
 Pictorial diagram
o colour coded
o boxes bonded
o legend completed
o use a ruler
o correct wiring
 Lab activity:
o All measurements taken and recorded in the allotted blanks
 Calculations:
o show ALL calculations AND show ALL formulas and units
 Question sheet fully answered
 NEAT, TIDY, PROFESSIONAL presentation of entire lab!!! Deductions will be given for untidy and poorly
presented labs.
43
44
HVAC SERVICE INVOICE FORM
JOB TITLE
JOB DUE DATE
CUSTOMER NAME
STREET
CITY
PROVINCE
DATE
POSTAL CODE
HRS.
LABOUR (Description of work.)
RATE
TOTAL LABOUR
DATE
QTY.
MATERIALS AND SERVICES
UNIT PRICE
AMOUNT
570
00
AMOUNT
TOTAL MATERIALS
TOTAL SUMMARY
Additional Notes/Comments:
TOTAL LABOUR
TOTAL MATERIAL
SUB-TOTAL
TAX (13%)
TOTAL
TECHNICIAN:
DATE:
TECHNICIAN SIGNATURE:
CUSTOMER SIGNATURE:
45
46
Electrical 142: Project Board #3
Series Circuit
Objective:
Within the HVAC industry, one of the most uncommon circuits found within heating and air
conditioning equipment is the series circuit, however it does exist, and the learner must
understand how the series circuit works. The learner will, during this lab, begin to learn how to
calculate Ohms and Watts Law to determine resistances, amperages and power within the
series circuit; as well, be able to calculate total amperage and voltage drops across loads within
a series circuit. The learner should be able to, at the end of this lab, be able to properly complete
a work order.
Project:
Develop a simple circuit using a single master switch (Master Switch) controlling the whole
circuit, and three lamps in series. The lamps 1 and 2 (Light 1 and Light 2) are each to be
paralleled by a switch. The upper lamp (Light 1) will be 40 watt paralleled by Switch 1, the
center lamp (Light 2) will be 60 watt paralleled by Switch 2, and the lower lamp (Light 3) will be
100 watts. All lamps are rated at 120 volts. All power being feed out to the lamps must be feed
from the 4”x4” junction box. See below for marking scheme.
Procedure:
1. Draw a pictorial diagram depicting the circuit; showing the layout of the circuit and all of
the wiring including the routing of wires. Indicate on your diagram the boxes that you will
use on the demo board. Upon completion, your pictorial should match your electrical
board that you submit for marking.
2. Draw the schematic diagram for this circuit.
3. Using Ohms and Watts law, calculate and show on your diagram the voltages, currents,
and resistances at each device in your circuit.
4. Wire this circuit on the demo board using “non-metallic sheathed cable” for all wiring
except for the octagon on the bottom row (Light 3) which will be wired using “armoured
cable”.
5. The source is to be 120 VAC feed to the circuit from the 4” junction box.
6. Be sure to use the correct type of connectors and clips for the type of cable being used
and the correct size of wire connector if require.
7. Leave switches open above boxes until your instructor has inspected the wiring.
8. Leave lamp holders exposed to facilitate testing with meter.
9. Under instructor’s supervision, power circuit and make meter measurements to validate
your circuit calculations and your measurements.
47
48
ELCT 142: PROJECT BOARD #3
Series Circuit
Schematic Drawing:
Pictorial Diagram:
Switch 1
Main box
Light 1
Master switch
Switch 2
Light 2
Switch 3
Light 3
LEGEND
49
50
Electrical 142: Project Board #3
Series Circuit
Lab Activity and Questions:
1. Measure the cold resistances of each of the bulbs you will be using in your circuit:
40 W
60 W
100 W
R=
R=
R=
P = 40 W
MS Closed, S1 and S2 OPEN:
P = 60 W
P = 100 W
120 V
Master Switch
MS
VD of 100W Bulb
= _________
VD of 40W Bulb
= _________
VD of 60W Bulb
= _________
Measured IT = ______
N
(O V)
2. For the above circuit, colour in your bulbs according to the brightness of each bulb.
3. For the circuit above, measure the voltage drop (VD40w, VD60w, and VD100w) across each lamp,
your total voltage applied (VT) and your total current (IT).
VT Measured =
VT Calculated (from VD’s):
IT =
RT Calculated (Ohm’s Law):
51
P = 40 W
P = 60 W
P = 100 W
MS and S1 Closed, S2 OPEN:
120 V
Master Switch
MS
VD of 100W Bulb
= _________
VD of 40W Bulb
= _________
VD of 60W Bulb
= _________
Measured IT = ______
N
(O V)
4. For the above circuit, colour in your bulbs according to the brightness of each bulb.
5. For the circuit above, measure the voltage drop (VD40w, VD60w, and VD100w) across each lamp,
your total voltage applied (VT) and your total current (IT).
VT Measured =
VT Calculated (from VD’s):
IT =
RT Calculated (Ohm’s Law):
52
P = 40 W
P = 60 W
P = 100 W
MS, S1 and S2 closed:
120 V
Master Switch
MS
VD of 100W Bulb
= _________
VD of 40W Bulb
= _________
VD of 60W Bulb
= _________
Measured IT = ______
N
(O V)
6. For the above circuit, colour in your bulbs according to the brightness of each bulb.
7. For the circuit above, measure the voltage drop (VD40w, VD60w, and VD100w) across each lamp,
your total voltage applied (VT) and your total current (IT).
VT Measured =
VT Calculated (from VD’s):
IT =
RT Calculated (Ohm’s Law):
53
What IF? ….
0.15 Ω
Ω
V AC/DC
MS, S1, S2, and an added S3
switch were all closed:
P = 40 W
P = 60 W
P = 100 W
VD of 40W Bulb
= _________
VD of 60W Bulb
= _________
VD of 100W Bulb
= _________
Master Switch
MS
A AC/DC
CALCULATED IT = ______
8. If there were a third switch in your circuit in parallel with the last lamp as demonstrated in the
above circuit, what would happen if all switches were closed? Describe and show all formulas
and calculations.
General Questions:
Refer to the following in order to prepare your responses to the questions below:
• Project #3 Lab description, schematic and pictorial diagram
• Course resource titled: “Ohm’s Law” and “Series Circuits”
• NRG, Module 5, Section 5.6 (Ohm’s Law and Watt’s Law)
• NRG, Module 5, Section 5.7 (Types of Circuits)
1. Draw a schematic of a circuit with 4 loads in parallel. Show the formulas for calculating total
voltage, total current and total resistance in a parallel circuit with 4 loads.
54
2. Draw a schematic of a circuit with 4 loads in series. Show the formulas for calculating total
voltage, total current and total resistance in a series circuit with 4 loads.
3. What type of circuit did you do for Project #3?
4. What do the rules regarding series circuits state about the total resistance in your Project #3
circuit?
5. What do the rules regarding series circuits state about the total current in your Project #3
circuit?
6. What do the rules regarding series circuits state about the voltage in your Project #3 circuit?
7. Why does LAMP 1 turn off when SWITCH 1 is closed or LAMP 2 turn off when SWITCH 2 is
closed?
8. Why did the total resistance in the circuit decrease as you closed the switches?
9. Explain the changes in current with each circuit and the corresponding changes in calculated
resistances.
10. Explain why the various lights get bright, dim, or don’t illuminate depending on which switches
are open/closed. Research online (i.e., “different watt bulbs in series”)!
55
56
Lab Hand-In Expectations
ELCT 142: Project Board #4
Series Parallel Circuit
DUE: At the BEGINNING of lab on ______________________________________.
Late Lab Deductions:
-
minus 5% if NOT at the beginning of lab
minus 10% one day late
minus 15% two days late
minus 20% three days late
ZERO if four or more days late
Expectations for Lab Hand-Ins:








Electrical 1: Project Board #4 – Series Parallel Circuit instructions
NOTE:
Schematic diagram – fully labelled; used a ruler
Pictorial diagram
o colour coded
o boxes bonded
o legend completed
o use a ruler
o correct wiring
Lab activity:
o All measurements taken and recorded in the allotted blanks
Calculations:
o show ALL calculations AND show ALL formulas and units
Question sheet fully answered
NEAT, TIDY, PROFESSIONAL presentation of entire lab!!! Deductions will be given for untidy and
poorly presented labs.
57
58
Electrical 142: Project Board #4
Series/Parallel Circuit
Objective:
Within the HVAC industry, a common circuit found within heating and air conditioning
equipment is the series/parallel circuit. The learner will, during this lab, continue to run through
how to calculate Ohms and Watts law to determine resistances, amperages and power within
the series/parallel circuit; as well, be able to calculate total amperage and voltage drops across
loads within a series/parallel circuit. The learner should be able to, at the end of this lab, be able
to properly complete a work order.
Project:
Develop a simple series/parallel circuit using a single master switch (Master Switch) controlling
the whole circuit. One 100-watt lamp shall be in series with a single 40-watt lamp, and a single
60-watt lamp. The 60-watt lamp shall parallel the 40-watt lamp. The upper lamp will be the 40
watt (Light 1) the centre lamp will be 100-watt (Light 2) and the lower lamp will be 60-watt (Light
3). All lamps are rated at 120 VAC. All power being fed out to the lamps must be fed from the
4”x4” junction box. See below for marking scheme.
Procedure:
1. Draw a pictorial diagram depicting the circuit; showing the layout of the circuit and all of
the wiring including the routing of wires. Indicate on your diagram the boxes that you will
use on the demo board. Upon completion, your pictorial should match your electrical
board that you submit for marking.
2. Draw the schematic diagram for this circuit.
3. Using Ohms and Watts law, calculate and show on your diagram the voltages, currents,
and resistances at each device in your circuit.
4. Wire this circuit on the demo board using “non-metallic sheathed cable” for all wiring
except as noted.
5. The source is to be 120 VAC feed to the circuit from the 4” junction box.
6. Be sure to use the correct type of connectors and clips for the type of cable being used
and the correct size of wire connector if require.
7. Leave switches open above boxes until your instructor has inspected the wiring.
8. Leave lamp holders exposed to facilitate testing with meter.
9. Under instructor’s supervision, power circuit and make meter measurements to validate
your circuit calculations and your measurements.
59
60
ELCT 142: PROJECT BOARD #4
Series/Parallel Circuit
Schematic Drawing:
Pictorial Diagram:
Switch 1
Main box
Light 1
Master switch
Switch 2
Light 2
Switch 3
Light 3
LEGEND
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62
Questions for Lab 6: Project Board #4
P = 40 W
P = 100 W
120 V
Master Switch
MS
P = 60 W
N
(O V)
Measure and record the current through the 100W bulb, 40W bulb, 60W bulb and the total
current of the circuit.
I100W =
I40W =
I60W =
ITOTAL =
Measure and record the voltage across the 100W bulb, 40W bulb, 60W bulb and the supply
voltage.
VSUPPLY =
V100W =
V40W =
V60W =
Using your measured values, calculate the hot resistance of the 100W bulb, 40W bulb, 60W
bulb and the total resistance of the circuit. SHOW ALL FORMULAS, CALCULATIONS AND UNITS!
(See reverse of this page).
63
PROJECT BOARD #4: CALCULATIONS WORKSHEET
Calculation of the hot resistance for the 100W bulb, 40W bulb and the 60W bulb:
Calculation of the total resistance of the circuit using the laws of series and parallel circuits:
Calculation of the total resistance of the circuit using Ohm’s Law:
64
Using your measured and calculated values, label the following diagram:
P = 40 W
P = 100 W
120 V
Master Switch
MS
VTOTAL = _____
ITOTAL = _____
RTOTAL = _____
V100W = _____
I100W = _____
R100W = _____
V40W = _____
I40W = _____
R40W = _____
P = 60 W
V60W = _____
I60W = _____
R60W = _____
N
(O V)
Why is I100W the same as ITOTAL?
Why is V40W the same as V60W?
Show the calculation and explain the following:
I40W + I 60W = _____
I40W + I 60W = I100W = ITOTAL.
65