ICT
Theory Chapter
1
Key Words to study
KEY WORDS TO STUDY
1. computer: a device that follows a set
of instructions to carry out a series
of arithmetical and logical operations
2. Computer system: a computer combined
with other equipment so that it can
carry out desired functions.
3. Hardware: the physical parts of a
computer system, the parts you can
touch. This includes the motherboard,
CPU, keyboard, mouse, printer, and so
on.
6/16/2024 Mr. Thein Zaw Min
Types and components of computer system
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KEY WORDS TO STUDY
4. software: programs or applications that
give instructions to the computer to tell
it what to do
5. component: the parts that make up a
whole machine. The internal parts are
usually referred to as components and the
external devices as ‘ peripherals’
6. Central processing unit (CPU): or
processor, is the unit which performs most
6/16/2024 Mr. Thein Zaw Min
Types and components of computer system
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KEY WORDS TO STUDY
7. Circuit board: a thin rigid board
containing thin lines of metals on the
surface to create electric circuits
8. Motherboard or system board: The main
printed circuit board of the computer; it
has connectors that other circuit boards
can be slotted into
9.Internal memory: data storage spaces
that are accessible to the CPU
6/16/2024 Mr. Thein Zaw Min
Types and components of computer system
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KEY WORDS TO STUDY
10. Graphic card: a printed circuit board
that controls the output to a display
screen or monitor
11. Sound card: a printed circuit board
that controls output to speakers and
headphones
12. Networks interface card (NIC): a
printed circuit board that allows the
computer to communicate with other devices
6/16/2024 Mr. Thein Zaw Min
Types and components of computer system
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KEY WORDS TO STUDY
1. Applications software: programs that
carry out operations for specific
applications, such as word processing,
spreadsheets or presentations.
Applications software cannot run on its
own without system software
2. System software: system software
provides the services that the computer
requires to operate. This may be
Types and components of computer system
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KEY WORDS TO STUDY
3. Operating system: The operating system
is a collection of programs to control and
manage all of the software and hardware of
the computer system.
4. Utility software ( utilities) : part of
the system software that can alalyse,
configure, optimize and maintain a computer
to keep it working as well as possible.
6/16/2024 Mr. Thein Zaw Min
Types and components of computer system
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KEY WORDS TO STUDY
1. Compilers: convert the program written
by a human in high-level language into
code that the microprocessor can
understand- a series of 1s and 0s
2. Linkers: take one or more of the files
produced by the compiler and combines
them into a program that the
microprocessor can execute
3. Device drivers: part of the operating
system. Device drivers allow the
processor to communicate with devices
6/16/2024 Mr. Thein Zaw Min
Types and components of computer system
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KEY WORDS TO STUDY
1. process: carry out or execute the
instructions
2. Transistor: a device that regulates
current or voltage low and acts as a
switch for electronic signals
3. Digital: information represented by
certain fixed values rather than as a
continuous range. Usually, data
represented by the digits 1 and 0.
6/16/2024 Mr. Thein Zaw Min
Types and components of computer system
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KEY WORDS TO STUDY
4. analogue: information represented by a
quantity ( e.g an electric voltage or
current) that is continuously variable.
Changes in the information are indicated
by changes in voltage
5. bit: short for binary digit, is the
smallest unit of data in a computer. It
has a single binary value, either 1 or 0.
6/16/2024 Mr. Thein Zaw Min
Types and components of computer system
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KEY WORDS TO STUDY
6. Sample: making a physical measurement
of a wave at set time intervals and
converting those measurements to digital
values.
7. Digital-to-analogue converter – a
device used to convert digital signals
into analogue ones
8. actuator: a device that causes a
machine or other device to operate
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Types and components of computer system
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