T^P fiOAN dAU KHI VIET NAM
(PETROVIETNAM)
j
HirONG DAN
AN TOAN TRONG HO^T DQNG LAN
• r
K
(Ban hanh kern theo Quvit dinh so ^S^0QD-DKVN
ngd)!^../10/2018
Ha N9i, 10/2018
Huang ddn An toan trong hogt ddng l^n
MVC LVC
gi6i THI^U
6
1.
2.
NHt>fG QUl DJNH CHUNG
t6 CHtrc NHAN SI/TRONG HOAT DQNG L.^N
6
9
2.1.
Nguyen tic bo tri nhan s\r tr^
9
2.2.
Thanh phSn doi 1^
10
3.
NHIEM VV VA TRACH NHI|:M CAC ben trong HO^T DONG L4N....12
4.
TRANG THIET Bl Li\N VA MAY MOC PHyC VU LAN
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4.1.
Nhung y6u ciu chung
17
4.2. He th6ng l|n cung ctp khl bd m|.t
4.2.1. Bu6ng dilu khi§n
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18
4.2.2. Bu6ng ap suat
19
4.2.3. May nen khl tha
20
4.2.4. Mat na va mu Ian cung cap khl tu bl m5t
4.2.5. Bang chiia khi tha ap suit cao
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21
4.2.6. Day truyen sinh da ngo^i
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4.2.7. He thong nang ha thg 1^
22
4.2.8. Chuong hb va gio 1^
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4.2.9. Duong ong cung cap khi tha
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4.2.10.Thang l|n
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4.2.11. Dai an toan cua thg Ian
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4.2.12. Cac trang thiet hi dung vai khi oxy
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4.2.13. Trang thiet bi cap cuu
23
tri liSu gi^m ap
4.3. He thing thiet bi Ian b3o boa
4.3.1. Buing dilu khien chudng I|in
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24
4.3.2. Buing dilu khiln ho trg s\r s6ng
4.3.3. Buing ap suit bl mat
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25
4.3.4. Chuong 1^ kin
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4.3.5. He thing tha va thu hii chuong lan
4.3.6. DSy truyin sinh chinh cho chuong Ism kin
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27
4.3.7. Day truyen sinh da ngofii
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4.3.8. H^ thing nuoc nong cho tha lan
27
4.3.9. Thiet bj ho tra lan
27
4.3.10. H6 thing mdy nen, bam cao ap
4.3.11. Thilt bj chiia khi ap suit cao
27
28
4.4.
Nhiing quy dinh ve bdo duong,kiem tra trang thiet bi l^n va may m6c phyc vu lan 28
4.4.1. H? thing bao du5ng thilt bj
28
Trang 2
Hu&ng ddn An toan trong hogt dgng Ign
4.4.2. Ki8m tra dp chung chi/chiing nhSn kilm dinh
28
4.4.3. H6sathiStbj
28
5.
hON hop KHf THO CUNG CAP CMC HO.4T DONG LAJV
29
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
Nhutig quy dinh chung
Nhilng quy d}nh v6 khl thd cung cSp oho thg l|n
Nhiing quy dinh khi th6 trong Ian bSo h6a
29
29
31
5.4.
Qui dinh vh kiem tra chit lu<?ng khi thdr
31
5.5.
Qui dinh ve pha tron hon hop khi tho Nito-oxy
31
5.6.
6.
Nhihig quy djnh vk mdy n6n khi va he thong chua khi tho cho thg Ife
NHAN Sy LAN-TIEU CHUAN CHUYEN MON
31
32
6.1.
DScconglan
32
6.2.
Gidm thj Ian cung cip khi bi mat
32
6.3.
Gifei thi Ian bSo hoa
32
6.4.
Thg 1^
33
6.5.
6.6.
Thg phu 1^
Thg 1^ du phong
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33
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J
6.7. Ky thu|t vien he thing Ian
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''
6.8.
6.9.
6.10.
7.
Ky thu^t vi§n y ti Ian
Ky thu^t vi6n ho trg su sing
Gidm thj h§ trg sg sing
strc KH6EVAYT£
33
33
34
34
7.1.
Tieu chuan sue khoe thg Ian
34
7.2.
7.3.
8.
8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
Quy djnh vi kham siic khoe truoc khi 1^
Thuic vk thiit bi y ti
NHCTNG qui djnh an TOAN trong HO^T DQNG LAN
Phuong thiic iSn tg cip khi(SCUBA)
Phuong thiic Ian cung dp khi tir bi m^t sit dung khSng khi n6n
Phuong thiic Ian cung cap khi tir bi mat sii dung hSn hgp khi
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35
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8.4.
Phuong thiic Ian doi
36
8.5.
Gi6i h^ thdi gian gong l|n bao hoa
36
8.6. Cac cong vi$c phm chuin bj truoc khi l|n
8.6.1. Cipcuu
36
36
8.6.2. Lkp ke hogch va danh gia rui ro
36
8.6.3. Hgp triin khai cong viec
8.6.4. Kiem ha thiit bj
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37
8.6.5. Tin hieu canh bao
37
8.7. Cac c6ng vigc phm chuin bi hong qud trinh lam
8.7.1. Dua thg Ian xuing nude 16n bd
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37
8.7.2. Kiem ga thong tin lien lac
37
Trang 3
Hu&ng dSn An loan trong hogt dgng Ign
8.7.3. B&iggiamap
8.7.4. Ghi torn tat diSn bi6n cuOc l?in
8.7.5. Cac cong vi|c d5c biSt
38
38
38
8.7.6. KSt thuc cu6c l^n
38
8.8. Cac cong viec ckn thyrc hi§n sau khi Ian
8.8.1. Kilm tra huong dan sau khi iSn
38
38
8.8.2. Kha nang tai nen/giam ap bS mat
39
8.8.3. Hoan thanh bien ban cuOc
39
8.9.
Su dung bing giam dp/bang tri li$u
39
8.10. Nhung quy djnh v6 thdri gian tren be mat
40
8.11. Nhftng quy dinh vl thai gian khi thq I$n bj bfnh giam dp vd sau khi tri li^u c6 hieu qua
40
8.12. Nhung quy dinh ve bay cac sau khi Idn
40
8.13. Nhung quy djnh v6 thu tuc h6 sa bao cdo trong Ian
41
8.13.1. S6 ghi boat dong Idn cua tr^ idn
41
8!13.2. S6 ghi I§n va giam dp bao hda
41
8.13.3. So nhat ky l|ncuathgf l^n
41
8.13.4.Nhiing n^i dung ghi vdo s6 hoat d6ng Ian cua tram Ian
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8.13.5.Noi dung ghi vao so nhdt
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iSn cua thgr l^n
8.14. Nhung quy dinh ve an toan khi thg Ian tien hanh cong viec duoi nuac
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8.14.1.Nhung dyng c\i vd thiSt bj dien cdm tay
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8.14.2.Hdn cat dudri nude
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8.14.3.Lan trong khu vuc c6 ROV/thilt bi thi c6ng ngdm ho^t d^ng
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8.14.4.Bam hut nude ho^c xathai
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8.14.5.Phun nude cao dp
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8.14.6. Ldn tnr tdu ho trg lan
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8.14.7. Tdu h6 trg lan dinh vi d6ng Igc DP2
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8.15. DiSu kiSn moi trudng
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8.15.1.Xem xet moi trudng
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8.15.2.Dong chdy dudi nude
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8.15.3.Tam nhin he mat hi han chS/Hoat d^ng l^n ban dem
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8.15.4.Nhift do
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8.15.5. Lan trong moi trudng nude bj6 nhiem
8.15.6. Thai tiet bi^n
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47
9.
Kt HOi^CH HO^T DONG
47
9.1.
H6 sa du an l^n
47
9.2.
KS hoach quan ly rui ro
48
9.3.
Ke hoach hoat dgng ngodi khai
48
10.
SO TAN CAO AP CHO THgl
BAG HOA
Trang 4
48
Hiccnig ddn An toan trong boat dgng ign
10.1. He thong so tan cao ap cho thg ISn b3o hoa
10.2. Ke hoach va quy trinh so tan
103. Qui dinh gi^ ap khin dp tir do sau bao hoa
11.
KE HOi^CH(TNG PH6 TRONG TINH HU6NG KHAN CAP
48
49
49
11.1. KI hoach ung pho tinh hu6ng khin cdp trong 13n
49
11.2. Diln tap tinh huong khin cap
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11.3. Dgi ling ciiu khln cap cua nha thiu Ian
TAI LIfU THAM KHAO
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•d
Trang 5
M
Huong dan An todn trong ho(it dgng Idn
Gi6iTHii:u
Huong din An toan trong hoat dong Ian(sau ddy gpi t5t la"Huong dan")do T$p doan Dau
khf ViSt Nam(PVN)ban hkih nhim hudng din vi$c th\rc hien nhung dieu khoan liSn quan
den an toan trong hogt d6ng
dS dugc qui dinh tiieo cac v3n
cac hudng din/tieu chuan Qu6c t6
phap luat cda Vi?t Nam,
cdc qui dinh cua PVN.
Hudng din nly II co so dl PVN kiem tra va danh gia cong^ tac tuan thu cac qui dinh v§
quan
an toln trong boat dong l§n cua cac don vi cung cap vl sd dung dich vp I^n do
PVN quin ly vl kilm solt.
1.
NHUNG qui DP«I CHUNG
1.1.
Mpc dich
Hudng din nly dugc PVN ban hanh nham cu the hda vai tro va nhiem vu cua PVN trong
c6ng tic theo doi va kiem tra viSc tuin thu cac qui dinh \h an toin trong hoat dong Ian cua
cic doanh nghiep thanh vien cung nhu cua cac nhi thiu cung dp dich vu Ian diu khi d
Vi^t Nam.
Hudng din cung xac djnh nghia vu cua td chdc, ci nhin trong vigc tuin thil cic qui dinb
phip luit ve an toan IJn, dip dng va ho trg kip thdi, day dii, chinh xic cic yen ciu ciia co
quan quan If nhi nude lien quan vi PVN trong cong tic giim sit an toin Ian.
1.2.
Phpm vi va doi tirgng ip dung
Hudng dan niy dugc ip dpng doi vdi hoat ddng lin phuc vu cic hoat dong sin xuit kinh
doanh linh vuc diu khi bao g6m tim kiim thto do,^hit triln mo,khai thic diu khi, ting
trft, van chuyin diu khi,Igc diu, hda diu, chi bid diu l^i,thuy dien ke ci cic dich vu ky
thuit phuc vy true tiip^ cho cic hoat dong niy dugc tid hinh trong lanh tho Viet Nam,
viing die quyd kinh tS vi thim luc dia cua nude C6ng hda Xa hoi Chu nghla Viet Nam
thudc pham vi quin ly cda PVN.
Hudng din niy dugc ip dpng cho tit ci cic to chdc, ci nhin tham gia vio hoat dong lin
phuc vu cho cic cong viec ndi trin.
1.3.
Thu^t Dgu'va cac djnh nghIa
Trong Hudng din niy, cic ti ngu sau diy dugc hid nhu sau:
"Bdng trf liSu" li bang mo ta mdi quan he gitta do siu - thdi gian tuong ling vi loai khi
tho dung de chda trj cic benh nghd nghiep cho thg Ian.
"Bang giam dp" la mgt tip hgp cic chuong trinh giim ip dugc thidt lip trong mot trinh
tu ye do siu vi thdi gian diy. yifc tuin thu cic chuong trinh giim ip li did bit bu6c
nhim giam thid cic nguy co mic benh giam ip trong nghe Ian.
Bdc sy sink ly l^n" li bic si d^g hinh nghe y te c6 dii siic khde lim viic trong mdi
trudng ip suit cao vi da dugc huan luygn ve y hgc lin, dugc cip giiy chdng nhin cua co
quan dio tac trong hoic ngoii nude c6 thim quyen.
"B^nh gidm dp"li b$nh ngh^ nghiep cda thg lin co nhOng trieu chilng khic nhau do khi
hay cic bgt khi con Igi trong co thd cua thg lin trong hoic sau qui trinh giim ip giy nen.
"Budng dp suai(budng gidm dp/tdi nen)" li budg chiu dugc ip suit dd chua thg Ian,
thiet bi ddn cac ip suit khic nhau tu^' thudc vio loai hinh hoat dong lin dCing dl giim ip
^
>c
^
cho thg Ian hoic chfta trj bdnh giim ip.
Trang 6
Huang dSn An toan trong hogt dqrtg Idn
"Bifth khith& khhn cap'* la mOt binh cung cSp khi tha khin cip du^c thg Ian mang sau
lung va chi dugc su dung trong truorng hgp ngudn cung cdp khi thd chfnh g5p sir c6.
"Chwang irinh giant dp" la mpt qui trinh giam ap dac bi$t dp dgng oho mOt cuOc 13n da
xdc djnh d6 sau va thbi gian ddy, chuong trinh giam dp dugc liet kS trong bang giam dp.
"Chuong Iqh hd" Id chuong Idn dugc thiSt kS ma khi hoat dgng dudi nude khong cd su
chenh lech dp sudt tr8n thdn chudng, Chuong Idn hd dugc sur dung de dua thg Idn tir b6 mat
xuong vi trf lam viec dudi nude va ngugc l^i m6t cdch an toan hon.
'^Chuong l^n kin"la thiSt bi chin dugc dp sudt dung cho thg 1^,thudng dung cho l^n ddi
hoac Ian bdo hoa,cua dugc md tir ddy chuong.N6 dugc ha xudng vi tri lam vi|c dudi nude,
can bang dp suat vdi indi trudng ben ngoai vd md ra cho phep thg Idn ra ngoai lam viSc va
quay trd lai chudng.
"Day truyin sink"la mot bo ddy gdm cd 6ng din khi thd, ddy lien lac va cdc ddy cd chdc
nang khdc, nhSm duy tri sg s6n^, hd trg cdc hoat dgng cua thg Ian va cd sdc chiu tai du dd
ndng thg idn cung vdi trang thiet bi Idn rdi mdt nude len bd mat mdt cdch an toan.
"Binh vf apng(Dynammic Positioning - DP)"la mdt hd thdng tg dgng kiem sodt vi hi va
hudng cua mdt phuong tidn noi bdi dgng ca ddy.
"Bdc cong ISn"la gidm thi Idn kinh nghidm hoac ngudi 1dm vide nhidu nto hong llnh vgc
1^ dugc nhd thdu 1^ bd nhidm bdng vdn bdn vd cd khd ndng qudn ly, didu phdi tdt ca cdc
boat ddng Idn mdt cdch an todn, hidu qua.
^
"Bdi Ign"la ragt td chdc bao gdm cdc thanh vidn trgc tidp tham gia cdc ho^t ddng Idn. Sd
lugng thanh vidn Uong dgi tuy thu^c vao tinh chdt cdng vide va phuomg thdc Idn. Thanh
phdn dpi Idn phai dugc nha thiu Idn quydt dinh.
"Gidm thi Ign" la thg Ian cd nhidu nam kinh nghidm vd cdng tdc Ito va phai dugc ^o tao
vd chdng'nh$n Id gidm thi Idn bdi td chdc cd tu cdch phdp nhan vd cd chuydn mdn vd cdng
tdc ddo tao thg Idn, dugc nhd thdu Idn bd nhidm bdng vdn bdn, thay mdt nha thdu Idn chiu
gdch nhidm didu hanh an todn hoat dgng Ian.
"Gidm dp"Id qud ttinh giam dp sudt de gidi phong khi ho khdi co thd khi thg Ian di Idn tu
dO sdu 1dm vide.
"Gio Ign"Id mdt thidt bi dugc thidt kd nhu mot cai 16ng mdf, six dgng dd vdn chuydn mdt
thg Idn tir bd mdt xu6ng vi tri 1dm vide dudi nude vd ngugc lai nhimg khdng phdi Id chuong
idn.
"Hogt d^ng Ign"la todn bd nhttng cdng vide md dpi Idn thgc hign tir luc chudn bi dua thg
Ian xudng nude, hope tang dp sudt hong budng giam ap cho ddn liic thg Idn rdi mat nude
ttd vd vi gi xuat phat hoac dua vd ap suit bd mdt bao gdm cd dg kidn gidm dp tri lidu vd
hoat ddng cua cac phuong tign, thidt bj hd hp.
"Hdn hap khithd" la mgt hdn hgp cac khi dihig cho hd hip cua con ngudi bao gdm oxy
tinh khilt. Cac khi hdn hgp dung hong ho?it ddng l?in thudng Id Nito-oxy vd Hdli-oxy.
"IMCA (International Marine Contractors Association)" Id Hidp hdi cac nhd thIu hdng
hdi qudc td.
/
"Ki hogch ign" Id phuong dn thgc hign cho mdt hoat ddng Ian hong mdt thdi gian nhat
dinh tir liic chuin bi tdi khi kdt thiic hoat dgng 1^.
Trang 7
•f
Huang dan An loan trong hogt dong Ian
"Kp thu^t vien y te Ian"la nhSn vien y te(y sy hoac bac sy)c6 dii sue kh6e lam vi$c trong
moi trucmg aj) suat cao ho^c la thg Ign da dugfc huSn luyen v6 y tS Ian duoc cac ca quan
thim quydn dp chiing chi thuc h^,c6 It nhdt 2 nam kinh nghiem.
"Ky thu^t viin hd trcrsusong** la nhSn vi8n c6 kiSn thdc va kinh nghiem duy trl heat dpng
cda bu6ng l|n bao boa va pha Iron khi thcr oho thg 1^. K5^ thudt vien h6 trg su s6ng bat
bu6c phai qua Idp huSn luySn chinh kh6a, da dg thi kilm tra va dugc cdp gidy chung nhdn
v^ h5 trg su s6ng ciia trucmg dao tao ngha Ian c6 th^ quyd hoac tuong ducmg.
"LSn bao hoa"la phuomg thdc lan ma thg Ian se hSp thy t6i da dp sudt thanh phdn cua khi
tac dOng 16n co thS tai dO sau thg Idn lam viec.
"L&n cung cdp khitie bS m&t" Id phuomg thurc lan ma ode thg lan dugc cung cdp ngu6n
khdng khi nen hoac mot h6n hgp khi thd thSng qua mgt day truygn sinh tir b^ mdt.
"L^n khi hon hop"la phuomg thuc lan cung c^p khi th b6 myt nhung ngudn khi tha cung
cap cho thg lan la khi hon hgp thuong la Nita-oxy hoac H€li-oxy.
"L^n dpi"la phuomg thdc Idn sii dung chuong lyn kin, nen hon hgp khi vac chuong va dua
thg lan tai vj tri Idm vifc, sau do Ifin giam dp ngay.
"Lpn nong"la nhung cugc Idn c6 do sau nho hon 30 m.
"Lpn sdu"la nhung cugc l^n c6 dd sdu 1dm horn hoyc bang 30 m.
"Lpn SCUBA (Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus)" Id phuong thiic Idn
dung thidt bi ty cdp khi thd dudi nude.
"Nhh thhu Ign"Id mgt to chuc c6 tu cdch phdp nhdn vd c6 du didu kidn dd thuc hien cac
hoatdOngian.
"Knot"id mgt dcm vi do tdc do dong chay tuong duomg 0,51 m/s.
"Thpr Ign" Id ngudi dugc tuydn chgn c6 dii sue khoe, dugc ddo tao vd chung nhdn id thg
Idn bdi to chuc c6 tu each phap nhdn vd c6 chuyen mon ve cong tac ddo tyo thg lan, trgc
tidp hoac gian tidp tham gia 1dm vigc dudi nude vdi trang thidt bi lan vd thd bang khi n6n.
"Thptphu Ign"la thg lan 1dm vide tren bd mat nhdm hd trg, phu giup cho thg lan thuc hidn
cu^c lan.
"TharIgn d^ephdng"Id thg lyn true sin sdng trdn bd myt hoyc trong chuong kin nhim muc
dich hd trg, gidp dd thg lyn 1dm vide dudi nude khi c6 tinh hudng khdn cdp xay ra.
"Thdigian day"Id tdng thdi gian tinh tu thdi didm thg lan tir mat nude l^n xudng cho ddn
thdi gian bat ddu rdi day di Idn gidm dp. Thdi gian day tinh bdng phut vd 1dm trdn den phut
tidp theo.
"Thdigian cupc Ign"Id tdng thdi gian tinh tir thdi diem thg lan tu mat nude lan xudng dO
sdu 1dm vide cho ddn khi kdt thuc vide giam dp.
Tinh hudng khan cap"Id nhtlng tinh hudng xay ra ngodi kd hoach du kiln dd tdc dong
hoyc gay nguy co bat Igi ddn sdc khde vd dilu ki^n an todn cda thg lan trong qua trinh tidn
hdnh hoyt dgng Idn.
Td chiec, cd nhan" Id ngudi didu hdnh, nhd thau, co quan, t6 chuc, cd nhdn trong nude
vd nude ngodi didu hdnh cdc ho^t ddng lan(sau ddy ggi chung la nhd thdu lan).
Trang 8
Hu&ng ddn An toan trong hogt d^ng Idn
"Tram Ian"la m6t t6 chiic ca s6r bao g6m doi l^n va cdc trang thilt bi, may moc dam bio
an toan cho boat d6ng lin. Tram IJn dugrc hinh thinh tr6n mdt tin hS tra iSn hoic b mOt vi
tri CO dinh trSn bien dk th\rc hi|n cac ho^^t d^ng I^n.
"Vi trilgn"la vi tri tren he m$t cac cong trinh hoac tau thuydn ma tit do cac boat dpng Ian
duoc trien kbai.
"Vitrilam vifc du&i nie&c"li cic vi tri dudi nude noi tbo Ian tbuc bien cong viec.
"ROV(Remotely operated underwater vehicle)" li mgt lo^i robot dudi nude dugfc dieu
kbien va cung cap nang luong tu trung tam dieu kbien(tren bd,tren tau)tbong qua diy cdp
truy6n dan tin hi?u.
2.
t6 CHtrc NHAN Slf TRONG HOi^T DONG
2.1.
Nguyen tic bo tri nhin su tram Ian
Tu5^ tbeo pbam vi cong vi?c cua timg dii an 13n ma nba than Ian c6 the xac dinb
tbinh pban va so luqng nbin sir cin tbiet cbo tung tram iSn. Dudi day cbi dua ra
yen ciu tdi tbiiu vd nbin su d6 tbuc bi?n bo?it dgng ISn. Trong mqt s6 trudn^ b^
c^ tbiSt dS c6ng vifc duqc tbuc bifn m6t cicb ai^toan va hifu qui tbi nbitbiu Ian
c6 tbf bo sung tbfm tbg 1^ bay mft s6 nban s\r b6 trg tren be mat nbu ky su du in,
ky thu$t vien be tbdng tbift bi Ian, nhin vifn an toan, thg pbu iSn tr6n bd mat.
- Thanb pb^ va s6 lugng nbin sir tram Ian c^ phai du de dam bio cbo boat ddng IJn
dugc an toin vi bidu qui. Dudi day la mgt s6 ydu t6 cin xem xet khi xac djnb tbinb
pb^ vi s6 lugng nban su cua tram Ian:
+ Pbrun vi cong vide can tbuc bifn.
+ Pbuong tbdc Ian dugc su dyng (Ian cung cip kbi tir bd mit,lin bao boi...).
+ Pbuong phap tridn kbai vi thu hoi tbg Ifn.
+ Vi tri dat tram Ian (tren tau bo trg Ian, tren cdng trinh c6 dinb...).
+ D6 sau vi tri lam vide.
+ Thai gian lim vifc trong ngiy(12 gid bay 24 gid mgt ngay).
+ Quy trinh xu ly cic trudng bgp khan cap dugc du bao trudc.
- Khi tidn binb mft cugc Ian tbi bat bugc pbii c6 mgt
Icbien cugc
l|n trong suot tbdi gian lan. Doi vdi cic du an Idn tbi c6 the can tbdm d6c cong Ian
dd dik binb c6ng vifc trong sudt qui trinh lin.
- Ndu diy truydn sinb dugc tbi tu tren bd mat tbi cin it nhat mgt tbg pbu lan cbo mdi
tbg lan lim vifc dudi nude.
- Ndu diy truydn sinb dugc tbi tir cbuong lan bd tbi cbi ck mgt tbg pbu lin cbo bai
tbg lan lim vifc dudi nude.
- Khi c6 tbo lan lam vifc dudi nude tbi pbii c6 it nhit mft tbg lin du pbdng sin sing
bS trg kbi cin tbidt. Tbg lan du pbong pbii mac sin quin^ao xu6ri|nude nbung
kbdng ck pbii deo m^t bay mu l^n tuy nbien cac tbidt bi ck tbiet cbo tbg lin
du pbong pbii dugc sk sing.
- D6i vdi l$n cung cip kbi tir bd mat tbi cbi ck mfttbg lin du pbdng trgc trdn bd mat
cbo bai tbo lin lam vide dudi nude.
Trang 9
Hu&ng dan An toan.trong hoot dqng Ign
- Khi l$n sir dyng chuong kin thi mOt the? l|n dir phong s6 true d trong chu6ng. Mpt
thgr du plwng khac se true d tren be mat cung vdi thiet hi Ian cung cip khi tu
fen b6 mat sin sang dl can thiep trong pham vi oho phep cua iSn cung cip khi tir
tren be mat. Tho l$n nly khong cSn phai mac san qudn do I3n va c6 th6 lam cac cong
viec khac trong tram l^n khi chuong Ian dang d dudi nude.
- D6i vdi l§n bdo hod cin phai c6 hai ky thu|t vien ho trg su s6ng da chdm soc thg
Idn trong sudt thdi gian song trong mdi trudng bao hod. Ho c6 tha tam thdi vdng
mdt trong thdi gian ngdn nhu 3n u6ng ho^c ve sinh ca nhdn.
Cac giam t^ Ian bao hod cung phai c6 trinh dp dl 1dm vipc nhu mpt giam thi h6 trp
s\r s6ng. Nau phdng dilu l^iln Ian bao hod dat xa phdng dik khian h6 trp su s6ng
thi phai c6 mpt giam thj h§ trp sp s6ng rieng bipt.
Ngudi diau khian buong dp suat tran ba mjt phai Id ngudi dupe ddo tao vd c6 n3ng
Ipc thuc hiSn dudi su gidm sdt cua gidm thi l3n. Tat ca ede thp Ian phai dupe ddo
tao de van hdnh thuan thyc buong dp suat.
- Co cau nhan^su cua tr?m l§n sg dupe nhd thdu l^n quygt dinh. DSi vdi nhung e6ng
vigc nguy hiem thi khong dupe de cho mOt ngudi 1dm viae mpt minh.
- Cdc cd i±dn trong mpt tram I3n c6 tha chiu trach nhipm thuc hien nhigu nhiem vu
khi CO du trinh dp vd n3ng Ipc de thpe hian ede nhiam vu do vd nhimg nhipm vy ndy
2.2.
khong gay trd ngai Ian nhau.
Thanh phan dpi Ian
Sau ddy Id thdnh phdn dpi I3n t6i thigu da thue hian m6t euOc Ipn cho tdng lopi phuong
thuc I3n. Ngodi ra, nhd thau Ian eo tha b6 sung them ede nhdn sp khdc da v^n hdnh vd bao
dudng cdc thiet bi d3c biet nhu tdi, cdu hay h6 trp trong trudng hop khan edp nhu bdc sT
Ian, ky thuat vian ho trp sp song...
2.2.1. Phiro-ng thuc Ian su dpng thilt hi tu cap khi(SCUBA)
Thanh phdn m^t dpi Ian sd dpng thigt bi tp cdp khi(Scuba)t6i thilu gdm 4 ngudi:
- 01 gidm thi;
- 01thpl3n;
- 01 thp I3n dp phdng trdn ba mat;
- 01thpphul3n.
2.2.2. Phuung thuc I^n cung dp khi tu bi mpt(L|n dun)
Thdnh phdn mpt dpi l3n cung cdp khi tur bi mpt(Lan dom)tdi thiiu gdm 7 ngudi:
- 01 giam thj;
01 thp I3n 1dm vide dudi nude;
01 thp iSn dp phdng tren be m|it;
- 02 phu lan;
01 ky thuat vien y te l^n hoac 01 bac sT sinh ly l3n;
01 ky thudt vidn hp thdng thiet bj Ipn.
Trang JO
Hu&ng dan An todn trong hogt dgng l^n
2.2.3. Phircrag thuc lan cung c4p khi tu- be m^it(L?n fioi)
Thanh phSn mpt dpi Ian cung cdp khi tir bS mSt(Lan doi)t6i thilu g6m 9 nguai:
- 01 gi^ thi;
- 02 thp l|ui lam vifc duoi nude(01 thp 15n chinh va 01 thp iSn phu);
- 01 thp lan du phong tr6n bS m5t;
- 03 phu lan;
- 01 ky thudt vien y tk lan hoSc 01 bac sT sinh
l^n;
- 01 k5> thupt vien h$ thong thiSt bj lan.
2.2.4. PhirOTig thu-c ISin dpi dung chudng ISn kin
Thanh phki mOt dpi lan dpi dung chuong lan kin t6i thilu g6m 11 nguPi:
- 01 giamthi lan;
- 03 thp lan 6 trong chuong(02 thp 1^ ra ngoai chuong lam viec va 01 thp 1^ dp
phong trong chudng);
- 01 thp 1^ dp ph6ng PSn b^ mat;
- 03 thp phu lan(02 cho chuong lan,01 thp lan dp phong);
- 02 nhan vien thao tac keo tha chuong lan;
- 01 bac sT sinh ly 1^ hoJc 01 ky thuat vien y ta l^n.
2.2.5. Phiromg thitc lan bao boa
Khi lan bao boa,c6 02 hoat d6ng; hoat dpng thd nhdt do §iam thi ho Pp sp son^ dieu hanh
tir khi tha lan bat dk v^o bu6ng ap suit hk mat va nen den dp sau bao h6a kiem soat moi
tmcmg Pong bu6ng d dp sau bao hda va dieu hanh c^ua Pinh giam^ap, ho^ dpng thu hai do
giam thi lan diiu hanh tix khi thp lan bat dSu rdi buong ap suat be mat de vao
kiim soat'khi thd cho thp lan va diiu hanh thp l^n lam vifc dudi nuac cho den khi Ap 1^
rdi chudng quay trd Ipi budng dp suit bd mpt. Thanh phan tpi thidu mot dpi lan bao hoa
gdm thanh phin tdi thidu cua boat ddng lan 12 gid, thanh phan toi thieu cho ho^t dpng ho
pp su sdng 24 gid va cac chdc danh hd trp Pen be mat. Cac chPc danh ho Pp Pen be mat
nhu ky thuat vien thidt bj; nhan sp van hanh tdi, chudng, Aiet bi 1^ cung lAu ho Pp khi
c6 sp cd kh'in cip; bac sy sinh ly lan;... php Audc vio he Adng Aidt bi cu the va nang Ipc
cua nhan sp.
Khi phan tich rui to trudc dp dn,cin phai danh gia sd lupng nhan sp da dap ung dupe boat
ddng iSn hay chua.
Vdi dpi I5n boat ddng 12 gid, sd lupng nhan sp tdi Aidu la 19 ngudi, bao gdm:
- 02 giam thi lan bSo hda;
- 03 Ap 1^ bao hda Pong chudng (Pong do c6 it nhat 01 thp 1^ dupe dao tao ky
AuSt y ti(diver medic));
- 02 Ap lan bao hda dp phong Pdn bd mlt(trong do c6 it nhat 01 Ap l|n dupe dao
tao ky thuat y td (diver medic));
- 02 giam Ai ho trp sp sdng;
- 02 ky Au$t vidn ho Pp sp sdng;
Trang IJ
Huang ddn An toan trong hogt dQng Ign
' 01 bac sy sinh ly Ipi;
- 02 ky thuSt vien h6 th6ng thilt bj IJn bao ho^;
- Mot doi cung cSp lAi bS mSt d6ng thcri v|in hanh thilt bi toi, chuong,thilt bi Ian,
hd trg khi gap tinh hu6ng khin cdp...(5 ngirbi).
3.
NHIJlM VV VA TRACK NHlfiM CAC BEN TRONG HO^T ©ONG Li\N
3.1.
Nha thau l|iii
Nha thSu
c6 trdch nhifm chi'nh Id dam bao d\r dn I3n dugc thuc hien m6t each an todn.
Nhd thdu Ian phai xdc dinh c6 bao nhieu boat dgng can tiSn hanh trong dg dn Ian vd phai
tien hdnh ddnh gid rui ro cho tirng boat dong tnxdc khi huy d^ng, cu nguM gidm sdt cho
cdc boat dpng. Neu co nhieu boat dpng dugc ti6n hdnh cung luc vdri boat dgng Ian, nha thau
Idn CO trdch nhi8m de bao ddm c6 su ph6i hgp chdt che gitra cdc boat dgng.
Neu CO hai nhd thau trd 16n cilng boat d6ng ISn tai mot v|tri Idm vigc thi phai c6 thoa thuan
b^g van bdn ghi rd nhd thdu ndo co trdch nhiem dieu khidn todn bO boat ddng Idn.
Nhd thau Ian phai xdc dinh ca cau nhan sg cua tram Ian, chi dinh gidm thi Ian vd cdc nhan
sg khdc bdng van bdn.
Nhd thdu Ian phai:
- Khuyen khich id thanh vien cda hiep hgi cdc nha thdu hdng hai qu6c td(IMCA);
- Co hd thdng quan ly an todn theo OHSAS bode tuomg ducmg;
Co hd thong gang thidt bi Ian dugc cdc to chuc ddng kidm phe duydt;
- Tudn thii ddy du tdt ca cdc vdn bdn phdp ludt lidn quan;
- Phan tich ddnh gid cdc rui ro co the xay ra;
- Xdc dinh vj tri dat gam Idn vd trien khai boat dgng Idn an todn;
- Co du nhdn sg theo yeu cdu gong gam idn;
- Dam bao cdc nhdn sg co chilng chi ddo tao vd gidy chdng nhan sue khoe con hidu
Igc;
- Dam bao cdc nhdn sg tham gia boat dgng Idn co du trinh dg vd ndng Igc;
- Cung cap cdc thidt bi vd mdy moc ddy du, phu hgp vd ddp ung t6t cho boat ddng
Idn;
- Dam bao cdc gang thiet bi vd may m6c dugc bao duong, sita chtta vd co chung chi
con hieu Igc;
Dam bao cdc nhdn sg trudc khi tham gia boat ddng Ian dugc hudn luydn an todn vd
1dm quen vdi cdng vigc ciia dg dn;
Dam bao cdc nhdn sg co chung chi an todn di bien con hieu Igc;
Ddm bdo cdc tdi liSu ciia nhd th4u Idn vd ke hoach dng pho kh^n cap co sdn tai nui
1dm viec;
- Luu giu ddy du cdc hd so lidn quan cua dg dn bao gdm cd cdc cudc Idn;
Co phuong an so c4p cuu vd dieu tri y te phCi hgp cho cdc nhdn sg;
- Bd nhidm cdc gidm thj Idn vd gidm thi h5 trg sg sdng bdng vdn bdn, ghi rd trach
nhi^m va quyin ban cua hg.
Trang 12
Hu&ng ddn An todn trong hogt ddng Ign
3.2.
Ngiroi quan ly dy an Isin ngoai khoi
Nguofi quan ly dir an Ian ngoai khoi c6 trach nhiem dieu hanh dir dn va nhi?m vu cua ho
bao g6m:
Chiu trach nhifm dieu hanh to^in bp boat d^ng Ian tai thai di^m duqc ph§n c6ng.
- Chiu trach nhi6m tnrdc nh^ thiu Ian vdi chd dlu tu vk toto bp hoat ddng trong qud
trinh thirc hidn dir an;
- Ngudi qu^ ly ngoai khai I^ ngudi lidn lac chmh vdi khach h^g;
- Bao dim cho cic hoat dong duac tien hanh phu hap vdi cac yeu ciu trong kd hotich
du an Ian va tuan thu cic vin bin phip luit.
3.3. d6c cdng Ian
D6c cdng lin chiu trich nhiem:
- Dim bio cac ho^t ddng Ian duac thirc hipn theo cic yeu cau trong kd hoach dy an
Ian va tuan thu diy du cac quy dinh phip lu$.t hien hanh;
N
- Dim bio an toan cho con ngudi,trang thiet bi vi cic cdng trinh thi cdng;
- Phan cdng, giam sat nhiem vu cho cic giim thi I^n thuc hipn cic cdng vide theo kd
hoach;
- Chiu s\r didu hanh true tidp khi c6 ngudi quin ly du in lin ngoii khai ho^c tryc tidp
tut nha thi^u lin;
- Ddc cdng Ian c6 the kidm churc danh giim thi Ian vi phii duac bd nhiem bang van
bin.
3.4.
Giam thj Ian
Giim thi Ian phii duac nhi thiu lin bd nhiem bang van bin vi c6 trach nhiem:
- Phin cdng didu hinh toin bd boat ddng lin trong tr^ lin dupe phu trich;
- Chiu sy phan cdng va giim sit cua d6c cdng lin hoic nha thiu lin;
- Co mat tai v} tri I^ vi phii ki^m soit tryc tidp cac hoat dpng IJn bat cd khi nao boat
ddng lin dang duac thyc hien;
- Dim bio tuin theo cic kd hoach ho?it ddng vi khin cap cho boat ddng lin;
- Huong dan torn tit cho cic nhan sy lidn quan ddn boat ddng lin vd kd hoach boat
dpng lin, kd hoach khan cap va cic qui trinh cin phii tuan theo trong qui trinh tidn
hanh boat dpng lin;
-
Bio dim cic miy mdc va trang thidt bi I§n thugc quydn quin I^ sur dung di duac
kidm tra, kidm dinh theo dung quy dinh;
- NhQng hoat ddng lin hang ngiy cua tram lin phii duac ghi chdp diy dd va chinh
xic vio s5 nhit^ boat ddng lin, c6 chu:ky va ghi ro hp tdn cua giim thi lin;
-
Giim thi lin ty ri soit kiem tra va nhic nhd vd trich nhidm ciia tumg thanh vidn
trong td chuc boat dOng lin dya vio nhiJng quy djnh trong qui chd an toin lin vi
qui dinh cua nhi thiu lin;
- Ngay trudc mdi cupc lin, xem xdt bin chit cua cac mdi nguy hilm c6 thi gip phii
tai vi tri lim vide dudi nude vi cinh bio cho tha lin vd nhftng mdi nguy hidm do;
Trang 13
Htc&ng dan An tohn irong hogt dQng l$n
- Ngod trtr trong tnrdng hgrp khin cdp v6 sue khoe hoac su an to^n, dam bao ring
thai gian day cda thg
khong dugc phep vugt qud thai gian toi da da len kd hosich
cho cac do sdu iSn;
- Giam sat tit ck vi$c gito dp vd didu tri tai nen theo dung qui trinh vd bang giam dp
phu hop;
- Diing hodc t^ dumg heat d^ng Idn ndu c6 nguy co gay mdt an todn cho con nguai
vd trang thiSt bi;
- Dam bao du so lugng thg Ian du phdng dd c6 thd ung cuu thg Ian duai nude mot
cdch nhanh nhat.
3.5.
Thg lain
Thg Idn phai thgc hi?n nhung nhiem vu sau:
- Thuc hien moi hoat dgng Ian vd nhimg nhi?m v\i khdc theo yen cdu cua gidm thi
l§n;
- Phai tudn thu cdc nguyen tdc an toan trong su6t qud trinh lam viec, thong bdo kip
thai cho gidm thi Ian nhung nguy ca mdt an toan;
- Phai thong bdo ngay cho nh§n vidn y tS Idn hodc gidm thi Ian bidt ve cdc v^ d6 vd
sure khoe hay bdt cur ly do ndo md thg Idn khong thi thuc hien cuoc Idn;
- Phdi tu kilm tra vd dam bao cdc thiet hi Ian ca nhan vd dung cu 1am viec dugc chudn
hi phu hop vdi kl hoach Idn vd hoat dgng t6t;
- Phai hieu day du vl ke ho^ch I$n vd kha nang thuc hifn nhiem vii cua kl hoach Ian;
- Bdo cdo cho gidm thi Ian hodc nhan vien y tl hilt cdc vdn dl vl sue khoe hoac cdc
Uieu chung vh sure khoe md thg Ian gap phai sau khi Ian;
- Bdo cdo cho gidm thi I^ bilt cdc hu hong ciia thilt bi, cdc nguy hilm tilm dn, cdc
tai nan da xay ra hodc c6 thi xay ra;
- Phai ghi vao s6 nhat ky Ian cd nhan ddy du ro rang chfnh xdc vl do sau, thcri gian
Idn, cong viec da thuc hidn dudi nude, nhung tinh hulng khdn cdp da gap vd cdch
xur ly trong timg cuoc Ign.
3.6.
Thg phy lyn
Thg phy I§n c6 trdch nhiem thuc hien nghiem tuc cdng viec dugc gidm thi I^n phdn c6ng
nh^ trg gidp an todn trong hoyt dOng Idn bag gim:
- Trg giup cho thg Ito mang trang thilt bi Ign cd nhdn;
- Kilm sodt ddy truyin sinh cho thg Idn dudi nude md minh dugc phdn cong;
- Nhyn vd truyen tin hi§u lidn lyc cho thg Idn qua ddy truyen sinh trong trudng hgp
mdt lien lyc;
- Thudng xuyen theo doi cdc ddu hifu cd the din den mdt an todn cho boat ddng Idn
vd bdo cdo kip thai cho gidm thi Ian;
- Thuc hi$n cdc cong viec khdc do gidm thj Idn phdn cong,
3.7.
Thg lyn dg phdng
Trdch nhiem ciia thg Idn du phong Id theo doi, san sang trg giup thg Idn dudfi nude
khi CO lenh ciia giam thi IJn;
Trang 14
Huang dan An toan trong hogt dgng Ian
- Trong Ian chuong kin, thg ISn d\r ph6ng c6 thSm trach nhidm cda m^t thg phu Ian
cho nhftng thg I3n khdc trong chuong;
-
Khi can thidt thg ISn dn ph6ng c6 trdch nhiem h6 trg cho giam thi Idn, thg l^n va
nhting thanh vien khdc trong hoat dgng cua d6i Idn;
- Hieu dugc kl hoach ho^it dgng va k^ ho?ich dg phong cho cdc hoat dgng Ian;
- Nh$n biSt dugc m6i nguy hilm c6 thi gdp phdi tai vj tri lam vi^c dudi nude.
3.8.
Gidm thj hd trg sg song
Gidm thi h6 trg su song phdi dugc nha than Ian bo nhiem bang vdn ban. Nhiem vu va trdch
nhi?m cua gidm thi ho trg su song bao gdm;
- Gidm sdt theo doi moi trudng s6ng trong bu6ng dp suit vd chit lugng khi thd cho
thg Idn;
- Bdo cdo diiu kign song cua thg Idn trong buong dp suat cho gidm thi idn;
- Qudn ly cdc nhan vien dgi h6 trg su song, bao g6m k^ thuat vien h6 trg sg song,
nhan vien phuc vg;
- Dam bdo sue khoe va an toan cho cdc thg Idn d gong chuong va cdc thanh vien cua
ddi h6 trg sg s6ng;
- Dam bao tit ca cdc budng bao hoa va thiSt bj trong budng boat ddng tit;
- Qudn ly vd gidm sdt cong vifc pha trdn khi;
- Gidm sdt vide kiim tta budng vd ddm bdo khdng c6 mot v^t bj cim nao dugc phep
dua vao ttong budng;
- Ddm bdo viec van hanh he thdng budng bao hoa mot each an toan vd hieu qua, duy
tri diiu kidn sdng phu hgp cho thg 1^ d trong budng;
- Bdo cdo cho gidm thj Idn biit cdc hu hong cua thiit bi, cdc nguy hiim tiim in, cdc
tai nan dd xdy ra bode c6 thi xay ra;
- Hd gg gidm thi Idn khi yen ciu phdi di chuyin thg Idn gong diiu kien dp suit;
- Hang ngdy phdi ghi chep diy du vdo sd nhdt
cda budng bao hoa cung nhu sd nhat
ky cd nhan ciia gidm thi hd gg sg sdng.
3.9. Ky thu^t vien ho trg sg sing
Ky thudt vien hd trg sg sdng cd gdch nhiem bdo cdo cho gidm Ihj hd gg sg sdng ho§c gidm
thi Idn. Nhiem vg va gdch nhidm cda ky thuat vidn hd gg sg sdng bao gdm:
- Thgc hien cdc cdng vigc kiim ga budng gidm dp;
- Thgc hien cdng viec tdng dp va gidm dp;
- Gidm sdt viec vdn hanh cia cimg cdp dich vg, y ti, thiet bi;
- H§ gg gong qud trinh vdn chuyin trong diiu kiSn dp suit hay gong tinh hudng khdn
cip;
Duy tri mdi trudng gong budng gidm dp gong gidi h^ cho phdp;
- Hidu chinh cdc thiit bj phdn tlch;
-
Pha gdn khi;
Trang 75
Htc&ng dan An toan trong hoat dgng Ign
- Bao cao cac hu hong cua thi8t bi, cdc nguy hiem ti^m
cac tai nan da xay ra hodc
CO the xay ra;
- H^ng ngay phai ghi chep ddy du vao so nh$t ky ca nhan.
3.10. Ky thuft vien y
l|n
Ky thuat vien y ti l^n phai dirge dao t£io dac biet vk y hoc dp sudt cao vd \h Ian. Nhiem vu
vd trach nhi6m cda ky thu$t vien y t8 Idn bao g6m:
- Kham siic l^oe vd cung cap cac Idi khuySn \h y hgc cho cac thg l^n hang ngdy
tnrdfc khi tiln hanh Idn ngodi khoi;
- Hudng dan cho cac thdnh vien ciia d6i iSn trong viec so curu vd c6 thi phai vdo
bu6ng dp sudt khi c^ c6 sg c6 mat cua ky thuat vien y te Ian trong cdc tnrdng hgp
cdp cihi. Trong mot s6 trucmg hgp thi su c6 mdt cua ky thug^t vien y td iSn Id mot sg
bat bu6c.
- Ky thuat vidn y td Ian churng nhdn sue khoe cua thg l^n tniac khi c6ng tdc Ian bit
ddu vd sSn sdng gidi quydt cdc trucmg hgp cdp curu c6 thd xay ra;
- Theo doi dieu ki8n cda nhdn vi6n h6 trg tren mat nude, canh gidc vdi nhOng ddu
hi?u nhu m$t m6i, phai ndng qud Idu hoac bi mdt nhidt.
3.11. Ky thudt vien h? thong thiet bj l^n
Ky thudt vi&i hd thdng thidt bi Ian c6 trdch nhiem bao duong dinh I^ tdt cd cac thiet bi Ian
ttong pham vi quan ly,sua chda, ydu cdu thay thd vdt tu vd luu gift h6 so thidt bi Ian. Nliidm
vg vd ftdch nhidm cua ky thudt vidn hg thdng thidt bj Idn bao g6m:
- Tidn hdnh kiem ha trudc khi huy ddng tdt cd mdy m6c c6 lien quan;
- H§ trg huy ddng khi dugc ydu cdu;
- Tham gia cdc khod ddo tao ndu can thidt cho cdc thilt bi chuydn dung;
- Doc vd hidu cdc tdi lieu hudng din vdn hdnh vd cdc hudng din vd <t^m bao chat
lugng / an todn lidn quan true tidp ddn hg thdng thidt bi Ian;
- Thgc hidn bao tri theo kd hoach cho tdt cd cdc thidt bi Idn vd thgc hidn sua chfta theo
ydu cdu;
- Dat hdng phg tdng cho tdt cd cdc thidt bi hong tdra kilm sodt cua minh;
- Thong bdo vdi Gidm thi I^n vd /hoac Gidm thi h6 txg sg s6ng ndu c6 vd tinh trgng
ciia thidt bi;
- Thgc hidn tdt cd cdc cong vide bdo duftng hodc sfta chfta mgt cdch an todn vd phft
hgp vdi hudng ddn cua nhd sdn xudt;
- Duy tri h6 so bao dudng vd sua chfta theo kd hoach cda tdt cd thidt bi Idn;
Dam bdo theo ke ho^ch vd phft hgp vdi hudng ddn cfta nhd sdn xudt chdt lugng an
todn.
3.12. Cdc t6 chuc vd thanh vidn khac
Cac thdnh vien khdc mdc dft khong phai Id thdnh vien cua ddi
nhung nhftng hoat dong
cfta hg c6 the anh hudng den an todn hoat dong Ign. Nhftng to churc vd thdnh vien ndy bao
gdm:
Trang 16
Hic&ng ddn An loan trong hogt dgng l$n
- Khach h^g la nguoi
hap d6ng vdi nha thSu l$n dg thuc hien m6t dir an. Khdch
hpg thuong la dan vi vSn hMi khai thac hay chd sif hihi cda cong trinh trong h^rp
d6ng
d do cac ho^t dpng 1^ sg dugc thuc hien hoac c6 the la mgt nha thSu d^i
dien cho dan vi v$n h^ khai thac hay chu cua c6ng trinh. Nlu dan vj vSn h^
khai thac hay chii ciia c6ng trinh chi dinh mpt dai dien khach hrag t?ii hien trudng
thl ngudd do phai c6 trinh d6, kinh nghigm va thiin quygn c^ thigt cho nhiem vu
nay.
- Nh^ th^u chinh la don vi thirc hi8n cong viec cho khach hang va gidin sat cac hoat
dong Ian theo hgp d6ng. N6u nhd thiu chinh chi dinh mOt dai dien tai hien trucmg
thi ngudi do phai c6 trinh dp, kinh nghidm vi thim quygn c^ thiet cho nhi|ni vu
nay.
- Ngudi quin 1^^ c6ng trinh hay ngudi quan 1^ ngoai bidn la ngudi c6 trach nhiem ddi
vdi khu vuc mi d do c6ng viec Ian dugc thgc hidn.
- Thuygn truOTg tin h6 trg 1^ mi tren do dat tram lin vi trien khai cac hoat dOng lin
li ngudi dieu khien tiu vi chiu trich nhidm chung ve an toin cua tiu vi tit ca cac
nhan su tren tiu.
- Ngudi van hinh DP(DPO)li ngudi c6 trach nhiem didu khidn hi thdng DP tren
\
mOt tiu hoic phuang tien n6i DP hoac li ngudi true ca tren m6t tiu h6 trg lin hay
'
phuang tien n6i dang neo. DPO hay ngudi true ca $5 phai thong bao cho giam thi
lin vi bit ky su thay doi khi ning gift vi tri cfta tiu cing sdm cing tdt.
-
Cac thinh vien trin phii c6 nhftng trach nhiem sau:
+ Cung cip cac phuong tien va su ho trg tdi da cho giam thi lin hoac nhi thiu
lin trong trudng hgp khin cip;
+ Thdng bao nhftng thay ddi trong kd hoach lin cho tr^ lin ndu c6;
+ Thong bio cho giam thi lin cic hoat dgng cua minh trong qua trinh thg lin
dang thuc hien cu^c lin;
+ Xem xet vi trao ddi vdi giam thi lin vd mdi nguy c6 thd phii dung hoat dgng
lin;
+
phii thong bao cho nhi thiu lin btog van ban vd vi tri vi thdi gian hoat
dgng cfta cic thidt bi miy mdc dd dua vio xem xet dinh gii nii ro;
+ Phii thong bio cho cic ho§it ddng khic trong vung lin c$n bidt vj tri lin dd
khdng anh hudng ddn an toin ciia ho^t dOng lin.
4.
TRANG THIET BIL^VA MAY M6CPHVCVUL^
4.1.
Nhung yeu ciu chung
Tit ci cic trang thilt bi lin phai dugc ca quan ding kidm c6 tham quydn kidm tra, kidm
nghidm vi cip giay chung nhan dugc phdp su dung theo luit dinh, phai bao dudng theo
djnh ky vi luon trong tinh trang hoat dOng tdt.Tit ci nhftng miy lidn quan ddn ip Igc (tao
ip hoic chiu ip) vi nhftng trang thidt bj sft d\mg d dudi nude phu thugc vio dd siu phii
Trang 17
Hu&ng dhi An loan irong hogt dgng Ign
dirge ghi miic ap suit t6i da oho phep trSn m|t v6 cua may,thiit bi. Chu: ghi phai lu6n ro
r^g dl nh$n biit.
Tat ca cac trang thiet bj l^n va may moc phuc vu
phai dugc bSo ve thich hop de chdng
nhung tac hai do nhiet do cao, do am m6i tmbng biin va do lam viec qua tai.
Cdc quy trinh boat dong va ung pho khin cSp khi sii dyng cac thiet bj Ian, so do ket noi
ngu6n ^en chfnh v^ dg phong, bao cao danh gia rui ro cho dg dn phai c6 sin or gam ISn.
Cdc thiet bi Ian phai dugc b6 Uf lip dat di c6 thi di lai va diiu khiin dl d^g.
4.2. He thing I^n cung cap khf bl m^t
4.2.1. Buing dieu khlln
Buong dieu khiln la noi dieu khien mgi hoat dOng Ian. Buong dieu khiln bao g6m b^g
dilu khiln 1^, hf thing truyin hinh mach kin, he thing thong tin liSn lac vdi cac thg Ian
va cac tWlt bi phu Ug khac. Trong dieu kien hoat dgng binh thuong hay khi gap sg c6,
ngubi dilu khiln Ian sS giam sdt
trgc tilp ra I?nh cho thg l$n qua thilt bj lien lac vdi thg
l3n. Cac thanh phan chinh cda buong dieu khien bao gom:
4.2.1.1. B3ng dilu khiln: M6i thg 1^ can it nhat 02 nguin cung cip khf. Trong do gim
CO 01 nguon khf chfnh va 01 npuon khi dg phong. Hai nguin khf nay phai doc
lap tach biet voi nhau. Cac nguin khf diy du phai c6 sin va kit nii thfch hgp dl
khi nguin khf chfnh tdi thg Ian bi mit thl ngay l$p tijrc nguin khf khac c6 thi
cung dp.M6i nguin khf phai cung dp cd liru lugng v3 dp suit thfch hgp cho tit
ca cac thg I3n theo d6 sdu lam viec. D6i vdi cac ding hi, gid tri hoat dgng phai
nlm trong khoang tir 25 tdi 75% ddi do cua ding hi.
4.2.1.2. He thing lien lac hai chilu: Phai c6 thl lien l^c hai chilu giua thg Idn vdi gidm
thj Idn vd giua cdc thg Idn vdi nhau. Khi xay ra sg ci mit dien, nguin dien dg
phong trong may lien Igc phai du dl gidm thj Idn cd thl lien lac hoan thanh cugc
idn. Ngoai thiet bi lidn lac chfnh thi dn thiet phdi cd mot thilt bi liSn lac dg
phong. Ddi vdi cdc lien lac gida buing dieu khiln vdi vi trf khdc thugc pham vi
Idn phai cd hg thing thilt bi lidn lac hai chilu.
4.2.1.3. Truyen hinh m^ch kin: Trong buong dieu khien can trang bi truyin hinh mach
kfn cua thg Idn va trang bi camera quan sdt cdc hoat dOng xung quanh buing dilu
khiln.
4.2.1.4. He thing den: Phdi cung cap^ dg sang ddy dii va thfch h^ cho gidm thi Idn dilu
khien hoat dgng Idn. Den khan cdp phdi dugc trang bj de gong trudng hgp cd sg
CO mat difn, den khdn cdp ngay l$p tiic cung cdp dnh sdng dg phong giup viec
dilu khiln khdng bj gidn dogn. Thai gian cung dp tii thilu du cho gidm thj Idn
dilu khiln xong cudc Idn.
4.2.1.5. Thilt bj lidn lac khu vgc: Thilt bj lien Igc vdri khu vgc khdc lien quan den hoat
dgng 1^(boong tau, thuyin trudng, ngudi Idi du,ROV...).
4.2.1.6. Thilt bj canh bao: Khi hotit dgng Ip gen tau DP phai cd thilt b|canh bao kit nii
tur buong Idi tau tdi vj trf nguW dieu khien hoat dgng Ian bang tfn hieu am thanh
va den bdo. Gidm ^jIdn cd thl tdt di dugc khi dS nh|n dugc canh bdo dd dl gdnh
tieng 6n va gay mdt tdp gung trong cdng viec.
4.2.1.7. Bg thfit bj thd ^an dp: Phai trang bj nigt bg thilt bj thd khdn dp dat tgi khu
vgc gidm thj dilu khiln hogt dgng idn dl khi xay ra sg ci chdy hogc khdi, khf
Trang 18
Huang dan An toan trong hogt dgng Iqn
dpc hsd thi gi^ thi Ian c6 th6 dtng d6 deo va tiSp tiic dik khien de ho^ Mnh
cuoc Ian.
4.2.1.8. Thiat bi phong chay chua chdy: trang hi binh va bo tri binh cmx h6a phu hgrp.
4.2.1.9. HOp y ta kh^ cap: trang bi h6p y ta khSn cdp.
4.2.1.10. Tu dimg tki liau: Imi giO diy dii tm lieu phuc vp cho ho?it dpng l§n, trong d6 c6
cac quy trinh ling cuu khin dp,qui trinh l$n, bing giam ap
4.2.2. BuSng ap suat
Bu6ng ap su4t dugc b6 tn tren tram lan d vi tri phu hop nhit nhim thuan Igd di chuyan thg
Im trong trucmg hop khin c4p.
Bu6ng dp sudt phai c6 the tich t6i thiau dat 5,5
c6 It nhat 02 ngdn(01 ngan chlnh va 01
ngan phu). Ngdn chlnh dung da dieu tri gidm dp cho thg Ian phdi c6 cita. y ta. Cua ra vao
giua cdc ngdn phdi c6 dem lam kin va md dugc tu hai phia.
4.2.2.1. Thiat bi lian lac hai chiau: phdi trang bi ha th6ng lian lac hai chi4u giOra bu6ng
di4u lAian va bu6ng dp suit. Phai c6 lien lac hai chiiu gi&a trong va ngoai bu6ng
dp sudt.
4.2.2.2. Bang dieu khidn bu6ng dp suat: can ft nhat 02 nguon cung cap khf. Trong d6 g6m
CO 01 ngu6n khf chlnh va 01 ngu6n khl dg phong. Hai ngu6n khl nay phai dpc
lap tach biet vdi nhau. Cdc van va bg didu chinh phai c6 tha ho^t d6ng va khdng
bj gi set. Vdi cdc d6ng h6, gid trj hoat dgng phdi nam trong khoang tir 25 tdi 75%
dai do cua d6ng ho.
4.2.2.3. He thdng cung cap kW nen: bao g6m he thdng khl nen dp sudt cao la cdc cao bdng
khl va bSn khl dp sudt thdp (khong khl hodc h6n hgp khl). Ngoai ra, con c6 he
th6ng oxy y ta diing d4 didu tri.
4.2.2.4. Thiat bi do n6ng do khl: Trang bi may do n6ng do khl(02,C02)trong bu6ng dp
sudt thy vao lo?ii bu6ng dp sudt.
4.2.2.5. Thiat bj phong chdy chGa chdy: trang bi binh, h^ thdng cuu h6a tu dong va b6 tri
phu hgp cho timg ngan.
4.2.2.6. Ha th6n^ dien du ph6ng: cung cdp nguon di^n dg phbng dimg da duy tri hoat
dgng bu6ng dp sudt vd cdc thiat bi phg trg cda bu6ng dp suit trong qua trinh hoat
dgng.
4.2.2.7. B6 thiet bi thd khdn cdp: Phai Uang bi 01 bg thiat bi thd khdn cdp dat tai khu vgc
gidm thi diau khidn hoat d6ng Idn da khi xdy ra sg c6 chdy hodc kh6i,khl d6c hai
thi gidm thi Idn c6 the da deo va diiu khiln tiip hodn thdnh cugc Idn.
4.2.2.8. Van an todn: hang bi ddy du van an toan cho m6i ngan cua bu6ng dp sudt.
4.2.2.9. Tu dgng tdi lidu: luu gid ddy du bdng gidm dp, bang tn li$u vd cdc quy trinh ung
cuu khdn cdp.
4.2.2.10. Ban hong bu6ng gidm dp phdi dap ling nhftng yau cdu sau:
- Gidm din mure toi thilu nhdng rdi ro do hoa hoan;
- Dugc Idp cda y ta da chuyin thu6c men vd thgc phim vdo bu6ng cho thg Idn khi
thg Idn dang d dp sudt cao;
Trang 19
I
I
Hu&ng ddn An toan trong hoot dong Ign
- Kh6a an to^n ciia y va cac bte 16 cura phai bao Sam chic chin, ch§t khit di cua
kh6ng bi md ra khi b6n trong bu6ng c6 ap suat cao;
- Moi ngan phai c6 diy du cac van, dong h6 va cac dau n6i cin thiet d6 dilu khiin
vi bao cho ben ngoai bi6t r5 ap suit ben trong;
- Van ding ho va cac diu n6i phai dugc ch6 t^o bang cac v$t lieu thich hop va c6
ciu tao hop ly d6 giam tieng 6n trong buong din miic thip nhit trong qua trinh
tang, giam nhanh ap suit;
- Phai lip diy du trang thiet bi dir phdng d6 cung cip vi duy tri hon hop khi tho
phh hop va trang bi bO thd oxy ca nhan cho moi ngutn m6t b6 trong buong;
- Ngin chinh cin trang bj hai giuong nim;
- Phai lap djt mqt h? thing lien lac hai chieu gifta ngucd dieu khien bu6ng va tho
lin ben trong;
- Phai lip dat diy du den chiiu sang trong buing dhng nguon dien 24V DC;
- Phai trang bi day du cac phuong tien chiia chay trong moi truong dp suit cao.
4.2.3. May nen khi tho*
May nen khi thd Id may nen chuyen dyng cung cip khi thd. Mdy nen khi phdi c6 hudng
din su dung, Uch chi tiit bao tri may theo khuyin cao cua nha san xuit. Phai c6 cac bien
canh bao cho biet may c6 thi khoi dpng hoyc dimg mpt each tir dong.
4.2.3.1. May nen khi dung de cung cip khi tho cho tho Ian phai la loai chuyen dung, c6
xuit xtr r5 rdng vd phai c6 du:
- Biu Iqc khi d diu khi vdo;
- Dong h6 do dp lye khi;
- Van xd an todn;
- Van xa nude;
- Lpc khi;
- Loc diu;
- Loc nude.
4.2.3.2. Mdy nen khi phai dupe kilm tra va phai dupe cip giiy chiing nh|in kiim djnh sau
m6i Ian siia chfta Idn, thay doi cac phu tung quan trong hay thay ddi gidi han dp
luc.
4.2.3.3. Phai kiem tra chit lupng khi trudc khi dua mdy nen vdo su dung hodc sau khi sda
chtia Idn cung nhu sau khi thay cdc phin loc hay hoa chit loc.
4.2.3.4. May nen khi phai sur dyng ddu boi tron chuyen dyng. H6 thing lpc khi cua mdy
phai dupe kiem tra vd bao dam hoyt dpng c6 hieu qua. Thdi gtan hoat d^ng vd
thay thi ciia biu lpc phdi theo hudng din cua nhd sdn xuit.
4.2.4. Mgt na va mu Ign cung cap khi
be m^t
Mat na vd mu Ian Id thiet bj yeu cau nghi6m ngdt ve viec bao dudng, sua chtta, thay thi.
Chi CO ngudi dupe cip chung chi chuyen mon phu hop mdi dupe bao tri, sura chura. Mdt na
vd mu Ign phdi c6 chung chi xuit xd,chdng chi chat lupng vd tem kiim dinh djnh ky, phai
phu hpp vdi hoat d^ng Ian.
Trang 20
Hu&ng ddn An toan trong hogt dong Ign
D6i vai mat
Ian khi hoat dong is khu vuc c6 chiiofng ngai vat thi phai dirge trang bi thSm
mu bao vf bSn ngoM. Sau dSy la mot s6 y8u cku chung ve mat na
4.2.4.1. Yen cku vk cdu tgo
mu l^:
Mp na va mu Ian cung cSp khi tit b§ mat phai c6 nhfrng b6 ph§n sau day va cac
bg ph§n nay phai bao dim hoat d6ng t6t:
- Van m6t chi6u dugc lip d dilm giQa mit na(hoac mu Idn) va day truyen sinh
mgt each chic chin, chit khit;
- Van xi khi thd;
- HS thdng lien lac bang im thanh 2 chiSu giua thg lin va tr?im dieu khien hoac
chuong 1^.
4.2.4.2. Yen ciu \e dg thong khi va duy tri ap suit khi thd
- Co dg thong khi t6i thilu 127,44 lit trong mgt phut trong diiu ki^n lam viec d bit
cur dg sau nio;
- C6 kha nang duy tri ap suit riing phin Cacbonic cua khi thd is mure thip hon 0,02
ata(ip suit tuyet doi)trong diiu kiin thg Ian thd ra mgt lugng Cacbonic is mure
1,6 lit tieu chuin trong mdt phut.
4.2.5. Bang cbira khi thd ip su^t cao
- Bang khi g6m nhOng chai khi dugc kit n6i vdi nhau bing dudng 6ng,trin bing khi
CO lip dat cac ddng ho do ip suit. Tren bang khi dugc lip dit hai van diu vio vi ra.
- Bang khi cin dugc kiem tra dinh va dugc kiem dinh bdi ca quan c6 thim quyin
cip dugc gin thi kiim dinh tren bang khi va chai khi.
- Bing khi dugc thS hien mi man theo tiiu chuin.
- Khi su dgng cac bang chura khi, cac bing ghi chep phai dugc gift d vi tri dugc chi
dinh hien thi r5 thong tin ap suit ciia bing,lugng khi su dung trong ngay.
- Doi vdi bing chua oxy thi die bi|t phai chu trgng tdi cac tin hieu canh bao an to^
khu vuc xung quanh,khSng di bing chfta oxy trong khdng gian kin,khu vuc c6 diu
md,khu vuc sinh nhiet cao.
4.2.6. Day truyen sinh da ngoai
Diy truyin sinh di ngoai phai d?it cac tieu chuan sau:
- 6ng din khi diy truydn sinh phai the hi?n diy du thong tin: xuit xu, ap suit lam
vifc, ap suit thu trin 6ng vi phai c6 diy du chftng chi chit lugng, chftng chi xuit
xu. Dam bao diu noi khi phu hgp vdi bang diiu khiln l^n vi mu l^n;
- Do dai diy truyen sinh da ngo^i c6 dg dii toi da 180m (600ft),+/-10% tinh tu diem
kit n6i cu6i cua 6ng khi thd cua thg Ian;
- Diy liin lac trong diy truyk sinh phai dim bao dd kin, khSng thim nude vi hai
chiiu CO bin I5i;
- Ong do do sau phai thi hi|n diy du thdng tin: xuit xu,ip suit1^ vi|c, ap suit thd
tren dng vi phai c6 diy du chdng chi chit lugng, chdng chi xuit xd. Dim bio diu
ndi khi phd hgp vdi bing didu khiln 13n;
Trang 21
Huang dan An toan trong hogt dong Ign
- Day chiu lire: phai la lod khong thini nuac, c6 nhiSm vu chiu tai chinh cho day
truySn sinh;
- Day truyk sinh phai dugc danh dlu ma mau theo chi6u dm day;
- Day truyen sinh phii dirac kiem tra, bao tri theo dinh ky dung quy tiinh;
- Thm gian sur dimg t6i da cua day truydn sinh phai tudn theo qui dinh cua nha sdn
xudt.
4.2.7. He thong nang
thgr I|ln
He thong nang ha thq l§n Ik thi^t bi siir dung trong viec nang va ha thq Ian tir tren bS mSt
xudng dudi m^t nude den vj tri lam vice nh^ dam bao sdre khde va an todn cho tha Ian.
He thong nang h^ thgr 1^ eo 2 logi: H?th6ng nang ha sii dung gio Ian va h$ thdng nang ha
su dyng chudng hd. Cae thong s6 ky thudt eua h|thdng ndng ha phii duge danh dlu r5
r^g trdn he th6ng.
Cae thanh ph^ ehinh eiia he th6ng bao g6m:
- Tdi nang ha: Phai duge trang bi hai dgng eo tdi doe Idp, mdi dgng eo phai eo hai
nguon dien. Tren tdi phai duge trang bi hai loai pharih hSm v^ trang bi eong tdc
hanh trinh.
- Cap tdi ehinh v^ cap tM din hudng: La loai ehdng xoln va eo he s6 an toan t6i thilu
8:1. Cdp phdi duge kidm djnh theo quy chuin ky thudt qu6c gia vl an to^ lao dgng
ddi vdi thiSt bi nang ha.
4.2.8. Chudng hd v^ gid Idn
- Phai duge thiet ke theo dung tieu chuIn quy dinh phCi hgp vdi ndng ha thg 1^.
Chuong hd hay gio 1^ phai du chda 02 thg Ian eung trang thiSt bi ea nhin. Trong
ehuong hd (gid Idn) phai c6 vi tri dd thg 1^ bam tay vao, eo eiia hoae mdc xieh dd
tranh thg l|n ed thd ngd ra khdi gid. Gid Ign phai ed phin bao vg tren nde tranh tinh
trgng vSt the Ig roi tCr tren xudng gdy chan thuong cho thg 1^.
- Chudng hd (gid Ian) phai trang bi cae ehai khf khan cip duge gin ed dinh d ben
hdng hode trdn gid. Cae ehai khi nay phai duge gan san bd diSu ehinh khi thd sin
sang cung edp khi cho thg l2ui khi thg Idn gap sir ed mit khi ehinh. Cae ehai khf nay
phai duge danh dlu mS mau eho timg logi khi eu the, thdi gian kiem tra gin nhlt
theo quy djnh.
4.2.9. Duong 6ng cung cap khi thd
Dudmg ong eung cap khi thd eho thg I3n bao gdm: dudtig dng ap suat cao(Idn hon
100 bar); dp sudt trung binh(tu 30 bar tdi 100 bar); dp suit thip(nhd hon 30 bar).
- Duong dng eung cIp khi thd va diu nli khi phai duge ehd tgo theo ti6u ehuin ddnh
ridng cho nganh Ign.
- Duong dng eung elp khi thd vd dIu n6i khi phdi duge kilm tra, kiem dinh djnh ky
theo quy chuSn qude gia hoae qude tl.
Duong dng eung cap khi thd phdi duge ddnh dau theo ma mau quy dinh cua quoe
gia hoae qude t6.
Trang 22
Hudng dan An toan trong hogt dong Ian
4.2.10.Thang l^n
- Thang ISn dirge sii dung khi khong the trien khai dugc h$ th6ng nSng ha thg Ian
hoac nhftng vi tri c6 khoSng each tu bS m$t tdi mat nude nhd hon 2m.
- Thang Ian phai dugc thiSt ka, cha tao phu hgp theo tiau chuSn va gia cong cha tao
kat cSu thep.
- Thang
phai dat nhftng yau cSu sau:
+ Chiu dugc tai trgng t6i thieu blng trgng lugng cua hai thg Ian bao g6m ca
trang thiat bj
cd nhdn;
+ Co chiau cao toi thiau 1,5m ke tu mdt nude xuong dan day thang;
+ Thuam tien cho thg l^n khi xu6ng,lan kh6i m|t nude;
+ Duge cha tao btog v^t lieu ehdng an mon ho|e vat lieu it bi Sn m6n va thudng
xuyan duge bao dudng dinh ky.
4.2.11.Dai an todn cua thg lan
- Dai an todn cua thg IJn duge sft dung ket ndi phu hgp vdi day ehju lue efta day
truyan sinh, nh^ dam bao an toan khi Ign xu6ng nude.
- Dai an todn cua thg 1^ phai la lo?d ehuyan dung cho thg 1^.
4.2.12.Cac trang thilt bi dung vdi khi oxy
- Trang thiat bi dftng vdi khi oxy hoac h6n hgp khi trong do ham lugng cua khi oxy
chiam tran 25% phai dat nhftng yau cdu thiat ka ridng, dung cho khi oxy. Tit cd
nhftng he thong ong cung,diu n6i 6ng mim dftng vdi khi 6xy cao dp tinh rong phdi
cha tao bdng kim loai ehing an mon phft hgp vdi khi oxy, trude khi su dung phai
duge va sinh bdng ede chat khong gdy ehdy n6.
- Phai su dyng loai md boi tron ehuyan dung cho ede thiat bj dftng vdi 6 xy cao dp.
- Cde ha thing khi oxy ed dp suit Idn horn 8,5 bar phai ed van ddng md chdm,ngoai
tru van ddng-ngdt han ehi dp luc dugc che tao b&.g van bi(van thodt nhanh).
- Phai ed sin mdy phan tieh nong do oxy, mdy phai dugc kilm tra vd hieu chinh lin
gin nhit khdng qud 24 gid trude khi do.
- Tit ed ede ngudn eung eip khi dxy trude khi sft dung phdi diiu ehlnh ve dp suit
thip.
4.2.13.Trang thilt bi cip cftu va tri lifu giam dp
- Moi trsun lan phai ed tft thude eip eftu theo tidu ehuin lidn quan ddn lihh vue l^n yd
tuan theo quy dpih efta phdp ludt Viat Nam. Nd bao gdra dft dung eu thude men cap
cftu benh thong thudng vd nhftng trang bi ein thilt de phuc vu cho vi^c trj lieu
nhftng tin thuong do tilp xuc vdi mdi trudng dp suit eao, mdt bd hd hip nhan tao
xdeh tay vd mot so tay eip eftu. Cde tu ehfta phdi ed danh sdeh ede thulc vd thdi
gian sft dimg eho tftng loai thude. Tft thude eip eftu cftng trang thilt bi y tl phdi
duge ngudi c6 trdeh nhi^m kilm tra dinh ky, ddm bdo sd lugng vd chit lugng.
- Cde trtun Idn thue hien nhftng eudc lan ed tr^ dftng giam dp dudi nude phdi ed:
+ Budng dp suit;
+ Bang giam dp vd bdng tri lieu;
Trang 23
Hu&ng dan An toon trong hogt dong Ign
+ Ngu6n cung khi th6 4u thuc hien hoat dpng I3n;
+ Ngudn cung cdp khi tha dy phong dii de tri lifu b6nh giim dp;
+ Phuong ti?n dua thy I3n bj tai nan vao ra kh6i bu6ng ap sudt.
4.3. Hf th6ng thilt b|l^n bdo hda
H? thSng thidt bj l^n bao boa la bd tbSng d6ng b6 kbep kin, ddm bao tba Idn s6ng vi 1dm
vi?c trong moi trudmg bao boa kbl tbd a dp sudt xdc dinb trong tbbi gian 1dm vide.
4.3.1. BuSng didu khiln chudng Ian
Bu6ng didu kbiln cbuong Idn Id trung tam didu kbidn moi boat dong lien quan tdi bo?t
d^ng Idn bao g6m nbiSu be tMng tbilt bj dong b^ bao g6m: bang didu kbien Idn, bS tbfing
truySn binh mticb km, b6 thong thong tin lien lac vdi cdc tbcr Idn va cdc tbiet bi pbu try
kbdc. Trong didu ki^n bo^t dyng binb tbuong bay khi gap sy c6, ngubi di6n kbien Ian sg
giam sdt va ti^c tigp ra l|nb cbo thy Idn qua tbiSt bi li6n lac vdi thy Idn. Cdc tbanb pb^
cbinb ciia bu6ng didu kbien bao g6m:
4.3.1.1. Bang didu kbiln l^n: Pbai c6 bai du^g kbf tbd cung cdp cbo mdi thy Idn. Trong
do CO mot ngudn cbinb vd mdt ngudn dy pbdng. Hai dudng kbi pbdi boat ddng
doc lap va ludn trong tinb trying sdn sang.
4.3.1.2. Tbiet bi lidn lac: Tbidt bi lidn lac xuat pbdt tir budng didu kbiln pbdi ddm bao cdc
yeu can sau:
- Co hai dudng lien l^c(mot dudng cbinb, mot dudng dy pbdng) giiia budng didu
kbien Idn vdi pbdng didu kbidn cua tau/gian kboan. Dam bao dudng lien lac du
pbdng ludn trong tinb trang sdn sdng boat ddng;
- Tbdng tin lidn lac gi&a budng didu kbien vdi thy Idn, cbudng Idn, budng bao boa
pbai duyc trang bi loai tbidt bj giao tidp bai cbidu;
- Tit ca nOi dung tbdng tin lien l^c gida budng didu kbidn vdi thy 1^ pbai duyc
gbi dm,gbi binh vd luu trtt it nhit 20 gid sau cuyc Idn;
- Dam bdo tbdng tin lidn lac ddy dii, kip tbdi gida budng didu kbidn vdi cac nban
sy vdn banh tren boong va sur dyng myt ngdn ngu:tbdng nbit;
- Tat ca cac tin bieu lidn lac pbai duyc kidm tra tinb trang boyt dyng trudc-trongsau qua trinb lam viec.
4.3.1.3. He tbdng gidm sdt, canb bao: Trong budng diSu kbiin pbdi duyc trang bi diy du
cdc tbidt b} do luu luyng, dp suit kbi tbd, dd sdu 1dm viec vd cdc mdn binb tbeo
ddi toan by boyt ddng Idn. Trong budng didu kbien pbdi trang bi be tbdng canb
bdo,tin bifu cdnb bdo pbai duyc pb6 bien cbo tat ca nban sy tbam gia boat d^ng
Ian.
4.3.1.4. Hy tbdng diyn: Tit cd be tbdng dien cung cap tdi budng didu kbien vd cac tbiet
bj khdc pbai duyc bye cdch diSn. Budng dieu kliidn pbdi c6 ddy tidp dia vd ddn
cbilu sdng trong trudng byp nguon cbinb bi mit dien.
4.3.1.5. By tbiit bi tbd ca nbdn: Pbai trang bi by tbd cd nbdn trong budng didu kbiin cbo
gi^ tbi lyn sd dung trong trudng byp sy cd c6 kboi, kbi dOc trong budng didu
kbien. By tbiet bi tbd ca nbdn pbdi duyc kiem tra trudc kbi tbyc bien mdi cuyc
Ian.
Trang 24
Hudng dan An toan trong hog( dgng l^rt
4.3.2. Bu^ng di^u khiln ho trQ* sir s6ng
Bu6ng didu khiln h6 trg s\r s6ng la vi tri tning tam dieu khien moi hoat dong dam bao dilu
ki6n s6ng cho thgr lan trong dieu kign bao h6a l±i d ap suit xac djnh. Buong dilu khiln
bao gim bang dilu khiln su sdng, he thing truyin hinh mach kin, he thing thdng tin li6n
lac. Cac th^nh phan chfnh cua buing dilu khiln hi trg su sing bao gim:
4.3.2.1. Bang dilu khiln: Dieu khiln mgi hoat dong lien quan tdi dilu ki?n duy tri sg
s6ng ciia thg iSn a buong ap suit bl mat trong suot qua trinh thg lan dugc ap suit
h6a.
4.3.2.2. He thing thdng tin lien lac: Phai tran^ hi h? thing thong tin lien lac tu buIng dilu
khiln hi trg su sing tdi tit ci cac buIng ap suat trin bl mat vd xuing ctm ho cao
ap.
4.3.2.3. H? thing truyin hinh m?ich kin: Phai trang bi h§ thing truyin hinh mach kin dl
giup giira thi hi trg su sing qu^ sat mgi hoat dong cua thg l§n trong suit qua
trinh sing trong buIng ap suit bl mSt.
4.3.3. BuIng ap suit bl m^t
- BuIng ap suit b6 mSt la noi thg lan sing, sinh hoat trong thai gian dm va dugc duy
tri ap suat bao hoa khi In dinh.
- BuIng ap suit bl mdt phai dugc dat d vi tri tranh hi anh huang bai cac ylu tl moi
truang: anh ning, mua,gi6...
- BuIng ap suat bl mSt phii dugc thilt kl theo cac tieu chuin thilt kl quic te trong
do dam bao cac ySu clu sau:
+ Dam bao dilu kien sing cho it nhdt 3 thg lan;
+ Dam bao nen din ap suit cao va giij- In dinh trong thai gian dai;
+ Trang bj day du he thong thong tin lien lac (it nhat hai he thing cho mli buong
ap suit);
+ Dugc trang bj cura quan sdt giiia trong va ngoai buIng a mli buIng;
+ Trang bi dly du cac thilt bi so cuu thuang, phong chay chGa chay a mli
bu6ng ap suit;
+ Trang bi day du cdc he thong duy tri su song;
+ Trang bj dly du cac thilt bi phSn tich thanh phin khi c6 trong buIng;
+ Lien kit giiia hai buIng phii c6 hai cua ngan each va ci hai cua diu phii md
dugc tu hai phia;
+ Cura liSn kit phii thuin ti$n cho viSc di chuyin thg lin giura cic buIng;
+ L6p d?m lam kin tai cic vj tri d6ng ma cua buIng phii dugc lam sach;
+ Tit ci cic vit liSu c6 liSn quan tdi duang ong khi thd cin dugc lam tu vat lieu
ching oxy hoa.
4.3.4. Chudng l|n kin
- Chu6ng Ito kin dung dl chua thg lan, di chuyen thg l§n tii buIng ip suit bl mat
xuong vi tri lim viec dudi nude. Chuong ISn Idn dugc duy tri dilu ki^n bio hda khi
d ip suit xic dinh nhu ip suit trong buIng ap suit bl mit.
Trang 25
Hif&ng dSn An toan ti'ong hoat ddng Ign
- Chu6ng l$n kin
dirgrc ghi ddy du cdc thong s6 thiSt k6: Th8 tich chu6ng, dp sudt
lam viec, cdc kich thuac khac cua chuong. Chuong 1^ km phai du<?c thiSt k8 cura
quan sdt ddm bao lam vi|c dugc d dp suit cao.
- Vi§c thiet ke chudng Idn kin phai theo cdc tieu chudn qu6c ti, ddng thai phai c6
chung nhan quoc te.
-
Chudng Idn kin phai dam bao toi thieu cdc yen cau sau:
+ Klch thuac va thi tich chuong can dugc ghi ro chua dugc 2,3 hay 4 thg ISn,
thd tich chuong phai dam bao toi thiSu(2 nguM 3m^,3 nguM 4,5m^,4 ngudi
6m3);
+ Chudng l3n kin phai dugc trang bj h? thdng binh khi dg phdng khin cip trong
trudng hgp bj mdt ngudn khi chinh va phg toi chudng. Lugng khi trong binh
chura phai duy tri sg sdng cho thg Idn trong chudng(phai duy tri dugc dp suat
bao hda khi) tdi thieu 30 phut. Ap suit diu ra cua cdc binh khi nay phdi cdi
ddt d dp suit 30 bar;
+ Chudng Idn kin phdi c6 cua quan sat ddm bdo kin khit, khdng nut va, khdng
rd ri ttong didu kidn 1dm vide. Chudng l^n kin phdi thidt ke khung bdo vd dd
trdnh cdc ydu td va ddp;
+ Ndu chudng dugc thidt kd c6 hai budng thi d mdi budng phai c6 cua ngan cdch
vd cda phdi md dugc tir hai phia. Cua phdi hidn thi vi hi ddng/md vd phdi
trang bj van can bdng dp suat. Cdc cura phai kin khit tuydt ddi trong didu kign
lam vide;
+ Hd thdng dudng dng din khi Uong chudng phdi dugc lip ddt cdc dong ho do
lixu lugng vd dp suit khi, nhidt dg ben trong cung nhu ben ngodi chudng;
+ Trang bi diy dii mdy Igc khi CO2 va H2S;
+ Trang bj day du hg thdng thdng tin lien lac, truyin hinh mach kin giua chudng
vdi thg Idn va giura chudng vdi budng didu khidn.
4.3.5. Hf thong tha vd thn hdi chudng Ian
Hd thdng thd vd thu hdi chudng IJn dung dd di chuydn chudng Idn tir vi tri kdt ndi vdi budng
dp suit tdi vi tri 1dm vigc dudi nude ciia chudng. He thdng nay bao gdm cdc thiet bi sau:
-
Tdi chinh nang ha chudng: Phdi dugc thidt kd vdi hai bd ham cho tdi. Bg hdm chinh
cua tdi ludn sdn sdng ho^t dpng khi hogt dgng binh thudng cung nhu bi mat ngudn
didn. Tdi phai dugc cung cip hai ngudn didn. Tdi phdi dugc lip dfit them mgt md
ta phu;
- Cugn cap chinh nang h^ chudng: Phdi dugc sdn xuit bdi loai cap chdng xoin. Cap
phdi dugc kiim ha cap giiy chumg nhan kidm djnh phu hgp vdi vide nang ha
chudng;
- Hg thdng thu hdi phg: Phdi dugc thiet ke nhu he thdng thd va thu hoi chudng chinh;
- He thdng thuy Igc: Dugc su dgng de van chuydn vd nang ha chudng. Cdc dudng
dng thdy Igc phdi trong tlnh hang tdt, khdng rd ri,chieu ddi dudng dng mdm khdng
qud 2m;
Trang 26
Hu&ng dSn An todn trong hoot dong Idn
- Cdp treo cue trong lugng:Dung cSn bSng chudng,trong truemg h<;^ khin cip c6 thi
thu h6i chudng lan bSng cdp nay. Cap phM dugc cap chiing nhSn kilm dinh phh hop
vdi viSc n§ng h?i chudng.
4.3.6. DSy truyin sinh chinh cho chudng l$n kfn
Day truydn sinh chinh bao ^dm ducmg dng din khi, cdc day tin hieu, day truydn hinh manh
kin, day chiu tai. Day truydn sinh kdt ndi chudng vdi budng didu khien Ian. Day chiu tai
cua day truydn sinh c6 thd sd dung dd thu hdi chudng trong trudng hgp khin cip va dugc
cap chung nhan kiem dinh phu hgp.Day ^ydn sinh phai dugc kiem tra thudng xuydn dinh
k^', cac tin hidu giua chudng va buong didu khidn l|n ludn trong tinh trang tdt.
4.3.7. Diy truyin sinh da ngo^i
Day truydn sinh chinh chda hai dudng ong din khi, cdc day tin hidu, day truydn hinh manh
kin, day chju tai. Day truydn sinh kdt noi chudng vdi thg Ian. Day truydn sinh phai dugc
kidm tra thudng xuydn djnh ky, cac tin hidu giua chudng va thg 1^ ludn trong tinh trgng
tot. Chidu dai tdi da ciia day truydn sinh da ngom tir chudng 1^ la 30m. Day truydn sinh
cda thg Ian du phdng trong chudng phai dai hon it nhlt la 2m so vdi day truydn sinh da
ngoai cua thg Ian lam vide.
4.3.8.
thong nud;c ndng cho thg l|in
Duy tri than nhidt dn dinh cho thg iSn khi lam vide trong nude lanh. He thong nay dugc
ddng bd vdi bd dd lan cho thg 1^.Nhidt dg cua nude lam im phai dugc kidm soat chat che
phu hgp vdi di^u kidn lam vide cua thg lan. He thdng phai dam bao an toan tuydt ddi cho
thg lan. Nhidt dg nude lam dm cho thg IJn phai dugc giam thi lan true tidp didu khidn. Hd
thdng phai dugc trang bi cdc thidt bi do, canh bio nhidt dd cao, canh bao nhidt dd thdp.
4.3.9. Thiet bi ho tro lan
m
9
9
Thidt bi h6 trg 1^ la hd thdng cdc thidt bj di kem thg Im,nham dam bao tinh ddng bd,phu
hgp va an toan cho thg lan. Cac thidt bj hd trg bao gom:
- Mu Ian: Phai dugc danh ma sd nhdn bidt. Mu IJn phai dugc kiem tra, bao tri, bao
duong va chi dugc thuc hidn bdi ngudi c6 chung chi chuydn mdn phu hgp;
- Binh khi du phdng: Tat ca thg lan lam vide dudi nude ngoai chudng phai dugc trang
bj binh khi thd dg phdng. Lugng khi chda trong chai phai dam bao cho thg lan di
chuydn dugc vd chudng trong trudng hgp mdt khi thd chinh. Thanh ph^ khi thd
phai phu hgp vdi thanh ph^ khi bao hda d dd sau lam vigc;
- Day kdt ndi mu iSn vdi binh khi du phdng: Phai dugc kidm tra thudng xuydn va
trong tinh tr^g ho£it ddng tot;
- Day an toan: Phai trang bi cho thg 1^ trong sudt qua trinh lam vide dudi nude. Day
an toan phai dugc kd n6i vdi day truydn sinh cua thg lan.
4.3.10. He thong may nen, bom cao ap
Hd thdng mdy ndn, bam cao dp phai tuan thd cac didu sau day:
- Vi tri dat he thdng mdy ndn phai dugc bd tri d vi tri phu hgp, dam bao ngudi vdn
hanh thuin tidn trong qud trinh v^ hanh dong thdi tranh dugc cdc mdi nguy khdc;
- Tat ca cdc thidt bj can dugc md ta day du cac thdng sd van hanh, nod san xuat, nha
san xudt nhSm dam bao cdng tac truy xuit ngudn gdc dugc thu|n tien;
Trang 27
Huang ddn An toan trong hogt dgng l^n
- Cic duofng 6ng va thilt b|c6 khi nen di qua phdi 1dm b^g vdt lifu c6 tinh ch6ng an
mon cao d^c biet trong m6i tnicmg c6 ham luong oxy ion hem 25%;
- Cac thi^t hi phai dugc ISp cac k6 hoach bao tri, bao duong va phai dugc luu nhat ky
bao tri bao du5ng;
- Cac I6i Iqc trong may nen phai dugc thay thi dung nhu khuyen nghjtCr nha san xuit;
th6ng cung cSp dien cho thilt hi phdi dam bdo trdnh ro ri dien ra khu vuc xung
quanh.Phdi dugc n6i dit hodn toan;
- Tdt ca he thong dubng 6ng, van phai dugc trang hi dong bg, chiu dugc dp suSt cao
trong m6i trubng c6 ham lugng oxy Idn hon 25%;
- Cac van an todn, van bao ve phai dugc kilm tra, hiSu chudn nh^ dam bao an toan
cho hS thong cao ap.
4.3.11.Thilt b|chua khf ap snat cao
Thilt bi chua khi dp suit cao phai dam bao cdc diSu ki8n sau ddy:
- Binh chura phai dugc thiit ki dam bao lam vi$c dugc a dp suit cao va khdng bj dxy
hoa trong m6i trubng c6 nong do oxy cao;
- Tr8n binh chiia dp suit cao phdi lip dat thiit hi do dp suat ben trong binh;
- Binh chua phdi dugc kiim tra ro ri thubng xuy6n, d^c bi$t t^i cdc vi tri tren binh c6
su dung cac moi han;
- Cdc binh chua khi vd van an toan tren thiet bj phdi dugc kiim tra dinh ky va kiim
dinh.
4.4. Nhwng quy djnh ve bao dv&ng, kilm tra trang thilt bjIdn va may moo phuc
vp ]|n
4.4.1. He thong bao dv&ng thiet bi
Nha thiu Idn phdi thiet Idp h^ thing bdo du5ng may moc va thilt bi. He thing nay phdi xdc
dpih ro thdd gian djnh ky hay so Ian thuc hi§n cong viSc bdo duSng,ngi dung cong viec va
ngubi thuc hien. Ngucri thuc hi|n cong viw bdo duong phai ghi chep lai cdc c6ng viec da
thuc hien vao hi so thilt bi.
Tit cd trang thilt bi Ian vd mdy moc phiic vg Ign phdi dugc bdo duOng dung dinh ky quy
dinh cho timg loai thilt bj. NOi dung bdo duSng phdi thuc hien ddng theo hudng din ky
thugt dli voi timg loai do nhd sdn xuit hay nha thau Ian quy djnh de dam bdo dgt dugc cdc
thong si ky thuat.
4.4.2. Ki§m tra cap chung chi/chihig nhgn kiem dinh
Nhung hang thilt bj ndm tron^ danh muc qui djnh cua Nhd nude se do cdc don vi c6 chuc
nang kilm tra gidm djnh vd cip ^iiy chiing nhign. Cdc trang thilt bj l^n con lai s5 do bO
phan ky thugt cua nhd thau Idn kiem tra hoat ddng.
Giiy chdng nhdn kiem tra thd nghigm cda mli lo?i mdy moc, trang thilt bj phai ghi ddy
dd kit qud kilm tra thu nghifm. Giiy chdng nhdn ndy phdi luu trG trong he thing bdo
duSng thilt bj.
4.4.3. hI so thiet b|
Tgi vj tri 1dm vide phdi c6 hi so thilt bj. Ngi dung hi so bao gim 1^ Ijch thilt bj, nhat ky
bdo duong,gidy chung nhdn,chung chi kiem tra va cdc thdng tin bo sung lien quan.
Trang 28
Hu&ng dSn An toan trong boat dqng Ign
Nha thSu ISn ph^i qui dinh thdi gian Imi gift h6 sa thilt bi.
5.
h6N HQfP KHI THd CUNG CAP CHO HOAT DONG LAN
5.1.
Nh&ng quy djnh chung
Chi duQTc phep thuc hi?n ho^t dqng
khi da chuk hi dfiy du nhung yeu cau sau day;
- Dam bao du s6 luong khi thd cho hoat d^ng l|n bao g6m ca khi dung cho chiia trj;
- Thanh phSn vk chSt lugmg khi tha phai dap urng theo dung nhung quy dinh trong
ph^ 5.2,
5.2. Nh&ng quy dinh ve khi thfr cung cap cho thg* Ian
5.2.1. Tieu chain khong khi(AIR)
Thanh phan
Tieu chuin
Oxygen(O2)(phan tram the tich)
20 - 22%
Nitrogen
78- 80%
Carbondioxide(CO2)
1000 ppm (Tdi da)
Carbonmonoxide(CO)
10 ppm (TOi da)
Hydrocarbon (toan bo)
25 ppm (Tdi da)
dIu,chat rln
5 mg / m^(Toi da)
D6 Im(hai nude)
24 ppm(T6i da)
Mui
Khong mui
5.2.2. Tieu chuan khi Oxy tinh rong
Oxygen(O2)
Thi long
99,5%(Tbi thilu) 99,5%(Tdi thilu)
Carbondioxide(CO2)
10 ppm (T6i da)
5 ppm (Tdi da)
Methane(CH4)
50 ppm (Tdi da)
25 ppm (Tdi da)
Acetylene(C2H2)
0,1 ppm (Tdi da)
0,05 ppm (Tdi da)
Ethylene(C2H4)
0,4 ppm (Tdi da)
0,2 ppm (Toi da)
Thanh phan
ThI khi
Ethane va Hydrocarbon # 6 ppm (Tdi da)
3 ppm(T6i da)
Nitrous oxide(N2O)
4 ppm (T6i da)
2 ppm(Toi da)
Hon hop Halogenat:
Chit lam lanh
2 ppm(T6i da)
Chit tay rua
0,2 ppm (Toi da)
1 ppm (Tdi da)
0,1 ppm (Tdi da)
MM
Khong mui
Khdng mhi
Hoi nude
7 ppm(T6i da)
7 ppm (Toi da)
Chat rin
Khdng
Khdng
Trang 29
Hxfdng dan An todn trong hogt dong Idn
5.2.3. Tieu chuan khi Nitor tinh rdng
Trong c6ng tac Ian chi cho phep su: dung Nita tinh r6ng the khi, khong c6 chdt diu ma.
Thanh phdn
Tieu chuan
Khi Nita
99,95%
Oxygen(O2)
0,05%
Dq dm(hai nude)
0,02mg/l
Hydrocarbon(todn b6)
50ppm
Mhi
Khong mui
Tieu chuan khi Heli tinh rdng
cong tac Ign va moi tnrdng thd cao dp, khi Heli tinh rdng thuoc
18 99,997%, CO mure di8m suang cao han - 61,1°C (-78 ®F) va 1
dc thdnh ph^ khac nhu sau :
Thanh phdn
Tieu chuin
Helium (phan trdm th8 tich)
99,997%
D6 am (hai nude)
9 ppm (T6i da)
Nhi^t dO(khong dugc cao ban) -78° F
Hydrocarbon (todn bo)
1 ppm (T6i da)
Oxygen
3 ppm (T6i da)
Nitrogen + Argon
5 ppm (T6i da)
Neon
23 ppm(T6i da)
Hydrogen
1 ppm(T6i da)
5.2.5. Gidi han dO sSu va thoi gian tirong irag khi sfr dyng khi oxy tinh rong
Khong cho phdp sd- dung khi 6xy tinh r6ng de
sdu han 18 met.
5.2.6. Quy djnh khi l^n cung cap khi hi mSit voi khi thd* la khong khi nen
V6 thanh ph^ khdng khi: nhu trong tieu chudn
Vh d6 siu t6i da:
Binh thudng la:
50m
Ngoai le Id:
60m
5.2.7. Quy dinh khi l&n cung cap khi be mp voi khi thd- Id h§n h^p khi Heli-oxy
Vh d6 sau t6i da:
Binh thudng Id:
75m
Ngo?ii 18 Id:
90m
Trang 30
Hu&ng ddn An toan trong hogt ddng l^n
5.3. Nhfrng quy dinh khi thor trong Ian ban ii6a
5.3.1. Qui djnh duy tri moi tru-dug bao hoa
Thanh phin
Ti£u chuin
PpOa
0,35 - 0,40 ata
PpC02
0,0005 ata(Toi da)
CO
10 ppm (T6i da)
PpN2
1,5 ata(Tli da)
Nhi?t do
85° F - 95°F
(#29°C-35°C)
Dy Im tuong doi
50% - 80%
5.3.2. Qui dinh ve khi tho^ da ngoai
Tdt nhat:
Pp02 tvr 0,6 ata d6n 0,9 ata.
5.3.3. Qui djnh ve khi thor khSn dp
Tuy nhung dO sau, luon phai c6 sin nhung h6n hop khi sau:
Dy sau(m)
Hon hyp
0->60
84% He + 16% O2
60^ 120
95%He+5%02
120
97% He + 3% O2
390
5.4. Qui djnh vl kilm tra chit IvQUg khi tho
hanh phin tich khi tnidc khi sir dung do nhan sir c6 thim quyin cua nha thiu Ian thuc hi?n.
5.5.
Qui djnh ve pha tron hon hyp khi thdr Nitor-oxy
H6n hgrp khi the Nito-oxy phii duyc pha tron dung qui trinh, phai n?ip khOng khi khong
nhilm tap chit din 100 psi sau do mdi nap lugmg oxy cin pha tr6n, t6c dO n^p khong duoc
qua 200 psi/phut.
5.6. Nhung quy djnh ve may nen khi va h§ thong chira khi thd* cho thy l|n
I^i dung mky nen khi dl cung dp true tilp khi tho cho thy Ian thi phii lip blu lye b\ii,
bau lyc nude trude khi dua khi vao he thing dan khi din cho thy l|n. NIu lly khi tCr binh
chda ap lire cao thi d binh phai cd bau lyc khi b^o dam khi thd cung dp cho thy 1^ dat
tieu chuan nhu quy dinh d myc 5.2 cua Hudng din niy.
Ngudn khdng khi nen cimg dp cho hoyt dyng Ian lay tvr may n6n khi chi duyc sut dung
trong thai gian 6 thang kl tir ngay nyp khi.
TrangSI
Huang dan An toan trong hogt dQng Ifn
Khi may nen khi du^c dung dl cung cap trvcc tiep khi thd oho hoat dOng l|n, nhSt thi^t phai
CO ngu6n khong khi dir phong. Ngu6n khi dvr phong nay phai dam bao cung cap du cho thg
iSn de CO thS di len bS m$t k6 ca qua trinh giam ap khi can thi^t,
Ngu6n khSng khi du phong phai dugc bao dam bang mpt trong ba phuong thuc sau hoac
kit hgp gitta nhftng phuong thtic do:
a) Sii dung binh chura khi c6 thi tich Idn v<5i ap suit thip dat giua mdy nen khi va thg
Ian;
b) Dung mdy n6n khong khi dg phong lip lien kit v^o he thong cung cap khdng khi
cho thg Ian va buong dp suit;
c) Dung nguin cung dp khi khin dp tu binh chua khi dp suit cao, dilu chinh dp khi
6.
cho he thing cung cap khi cho thg Idn va buing dp suit.
NHAN SV"
-TIEU CHUAN CHUY^N MON
6.1.
Doc Cong i|in
- DIc cong IJn phdi la nguoi da trai qua tli thilu 05 nam kinh nghiem voi churc danh
gidm thi Ian va da thgc hifn nhilu du dn Ian an toan.
- Doc cong Ian phai c6 trinh d6 chuy8n mon sdu vl Ian va kinh nghifm quan ly an
todn cho boat dgng idn.
- Doc cong Idn phai dugc nha thau idn bl nhiem blng van ban va dugc chung nhdn
dii siic khoe theo quy djnh cua Bg Y tl.
6.2. Giam thi Idn cung dp khi be mat
Giam thi Ian cung cap khi be mdt phai dugc lua chgn dga tren cac tieu chuin sau:
- Gidm thi Ian phdi c6 bdng dp,chixng chi dao tao gidm thi Idn ciia don vi ddo tao c6
th^ quyin dp theo phdp luat ViSt Nam hodc c6 chung chi dugc tl chuc IMCA
chip nhdn;
- Ngoai chung chi chuyen mon, Giam thi Idn dn phai c6 cac chung chi an toan lam
vi|c trSn biln, chtrng chi an toan ve sinh lao dgng vd cdc chung chi khdc theo quy
djnh cOa phdp ludt;
- Co giay chung nhan dii slic khoe theo quy djnh ciia Bg Y te.
- Giam thi Ian cung cap khi be mdt phai dugc cong ty/nha thau Ian bl nhiem bdng
vdn ban.
6.3.
Giam th|Idn bao hda
- Gidm thi Idn bdo hoa phai c6 bdng cap, chung chi dao tao giam thi Idn bdo hoa cua
dorn vi ddo tao c6 tham quydn theo phdp luat ViSt Nam hogc c6 chung chi dugc
IMCA chip nhdn.
- Ngoai chung chi chuy6n m6n, Gidm thj Idn bdo hda dn phdi c6 cdc chung chi an
todn lam vi|c tren bi^n, chung chi an todn ve sinh lao dgng va cac chung chi khdc
theo quy djnh ciia phdp ludt.
- Co giay chung nhan dii siic khoe theo quy djnh ciia Bg Y td.
- Gidm thi Ian bao hoa phdi dugc c6ng ty/nha thiu Idn bl nhidm bdng van ban.
Trang 32
Hu&ng dan An torn trong hogt d$ng Ign
6.4.
Thg* l^n
- Thg Ian phai dugc dao t^o va c6 blng dp theo he th6ng giao due nghe nghi^p cua
Vigt Nam, hoic c6 chiing chi dugc to chiic IMCA chip nhan.
- Ngoii chung chi chuyen mon Ian,thg iSn c6n phdi c6 cdc chiing chi an to^1^
viec tren biin, chung chi an toan ve sinh lac dong, chiing chi so cdp ciiu ban diu
hoaic chung chi ky thuat vien y ti 1^ cua don vi c6 thim quyin cdp.
- Ddi voi nhilng cong viec dac thu dudi nude,thg ISn phai dugc dao t^o chuyen mdn
va c6 chiing chi phu hgp.
- Thg Ian phai dugc chiing nhSn du siic khde theo quy dinh cua BO Y t6.
6.5.
Thg phu ISn
Thg phu 1^ phii la mot thg Ian theo dieu 6.4 cd day dii trinh dO ki8n thiic va c6 chiing
nhan dd siic khde theo quy dinh ciia Eg Y te.
*
I
I
6.6.
Thg Ian dg phong
Thg 1^ dg phdng phai Id mot thg 1^ theo dieu 6.4 va da c6 tdi thiOu 03 nSm kinh nghi$m
li thg 1^.
6.7.
thuat vien h|thong l^n
- Ky thudt vien h? thdng Ign phii dugc dao tao vd c6 bSng cip/chiing chi phd hgp cua
don vi dao tao nghd cd thim quyin cdp hoSc cd chiing chi dugc td chiic IMCA chip
nhan.
- Cd kiOn thiic hidu biSt va cd mot Uong s6 cic chiing chi chuyen mdn thudc cac iihh
vuc sau: dien, didn td, co khl hoSc ky thuat thuy Igc- khi nen.
- Ngoai chung chi chuydn mdn vd he thdn^ 1^,Ky thu|lt vidn he thong Ian cdn phai
cd cac chiing chi an to^ iam vide trdn bidn, chiing chi an toan vd sinh lao dong va
cac chiing chi khac theo quy dinh cda phap ludt.
-
6.8.
Cd giay chiing nhan dii sdc khde theo quy djnh cua Eg Y td.
Ky thuat viln y td lain
- Ky thuat vidn y td 1^ phm cd blng bac sy ho^c y sy theo hd thdng giao due ciia Viet
Nam,cd chiing nhdn du siic khde dd vao budng chiu ap theo quy dinh ciia Eg Y td,
phai cd it nhdt 02 ndm kinh nghidm lam vigc trong linh vgc ISn. Hodc,
- Ky thuat vidn y td la thg 1^ da dugc dao tao thdm ky thuat y td, cd chiing chi dugc
mOt don vi cd thim quyen cap, hoac cd chiing chi dugc to chiic IMCA chdp nh§n.
6.9. Ky thu^t vidn h§ trg sg sdng
- Ky thu$t vien hd trg sg sdng phdi dugc dao t^o va cd hkng cdp/chiing chi theo he
thdng giao dgc nghd nghidp ciia Viet Nam,hoSc cd chiing chi dugc t6 chiic IMCA
chdp nhan.
- Ngoai chiing chi chuydn mdn vd hd Ug sg sdng, Ky thuat vidn hd trg su sdng cin
phdi cd cac chiing chi an to^ lim vigc tren bien, chiing chi an to^ v? sinh lao ddng
va cac chiing chi khac theo quy dinh cua phdp luat.
- Cd gidy chung nh|n dd siic khde theo quy djnh cda Ed Y td.
- Ky thuat vien h§ trg sg s6ng ph^i dugc cdng ty/nhd thau ian bd nhifm bang vSn ban.
Trang 33
J
Huang dan An toan trong boat dortg Ign
6.10. Gidm thi h§ trgr su sdng
- Giam thi h6 trg su s6ng phai dugc dao tgo vh c6 bSng clp/chdn^ chi theo he thdng
giao d\ic ngh8 nghi|p cua Vi?t Nam,ho^c c6 chiing chi dugc td chiic IMCA chip
nhSn.
- Ngoai chijmg chi chuy8n mon v8 h§ trg sg song, Gidm thi ho trg sg s6ng cin phiii
CO cac chiing chi an to^n lam viec tren biln, chung chi an to^ vf sinh lao dgng vi
cac chung chi khdc theo quy djnh ciia phap luat.
- Co giiy chumg nh?in dii sue khde theo quy dinh cua Bg Y ti.
- Giam thi ho trg sg s6ng phai dugc cong ty/nha thiu l§n b6 nhiem bing van ban.
7.
SU'C KHOE VA Y T^:
7.1. Tieu chain sue khoe thg Ian
Thg Ian chi dugc ph8p l3n khi c6 dd sure khoe theo tieu chuan sue khoe 52-TCN 349-88
ngdy 28-9-1988 cua Bg Y te nude Cgng hoa xa hgi chu nghia Vi8t Nam. Ddi vdi thg l^n
la ngudi nude ngoM phai c6 giiy chung nhSn dgt tieu chuan sue khoe theo HSE-UK hay
tuong duong. Hang nam, nhd thiu Ian chiu trach nhigm td chuc kham sue khoe cho thg
l|n. Viec kiem tra va chung nh$n sdc khoe phai tuan thu tieu chuin 52-TCN 349-88 a tren
va chung nhan sue khoe chi c6 hieu Igc trong khoang thai gian 12 thang.
N8u thg Ito CO bit ky benh ly n3o lien quan den l?n hoac nhung tdn thuong lien quan din
nghi 1^ thi thg l^n chi dugc ph8^ 1^ sau khi bac sy sinh 1^ l$n d5 kiim tra v3 chung nh|n
dii sdc khde dd tiep tuc hanh nghe Ian.
Khi chdng nhan sdc khoe cho thg Ian, hgi ddng giam dinh phai ddi chiiu tieu chuin chung
v3 cho phep I3n d cac dg s§u khde nhau tuy theo sdc khde va khd nang lao ddng cua thg
1^:
a) C6 thi Ian d dg sSu den 50 met niu thg 1m c6 du sdc khde hoan hao, phat uiin thi
Igc tdt, CO cac chdc nSng sinh ly va tam ly xuit sic, c6 du kha nSng hodn thanh cac
cdng vide d do sau do, khdng qua 45 tuoi.
b) Cd thi iSn d dd sau qud 50 mdt, nhtfcng thg Ian c6 du cdc tidu chuin cua thg Ian d dg
sau din 50 met, cd kinh nghidm \k thdi gian cdng tac vdi dg sSu do trdn mdt nSm,
khdng qua 40 tudi.
c) Cd thi Ian d dd sau ddn 30 met, nhihig thg Ian cd dii sue khde tit, cdc chuc nSng
tam ly vi sinh ly tdt, cd khi nang dam bao cac cdng vide lao ddng can thiit d dO siu
do.
d) Cd thi I3n d dg sau din 20 met, nhung thg Ian cd du sue khde binh thudng, c6 thi
cd nhung rii logn chiirc nang nhe nhung khdng can trd vide hoan thanh cac cdng
vide lao ddng d dd sau dd, cic chdc nang tam ly tdt.
e) Co thi lan d dg sau din 12 met ddi vdi thg iSn trong thdi gian thgc tip, ho§c thg l^n
c6 kinh nghifm d b^c cao nhung cd nhiing bien ddi tam thdi ho^c lau dai vi sure
khde, tudi tac ma chua din mure phan chi dinh, chuc nang tam ly binh thudng.
7.2. Quy dinh vi khdm 86*0 khde trirdc khi I|in
Nhftng thg Ian dang dugc ^hep hanh nghi, trudc tat ca cac cugc l^n ddu phdi dugc kiim
tra sure khde theo cac ydu cdu sau:
Trang 34
Huang dan An torn trong hoat dgng IdLn
a) Dugc phep Ian a do sdu den 30 met n6u thg Ian khong c6 cdm gidc cM quan bit
thu6mg qua cac cdu hoi v6 sue khoe cua bac sT khdm,cac chuc nang tSm ly t6t.
b) Dugc phdp Ian b do sau den 50 met va qua 50 met, ngoM nhttng yeu cdu nhu tren
(a), thg con phM kllm tra dat cac chi tieu sau:
+ Huyet ap t6i da khong qud 139 mmHg;
+ Huylt ap t6i thieu khong qua 89 mm Hg;
+ Tin s6 tim khong qud 89 nhip /phut;
+ Thdn nhiet binh thudng;
+Nhip thof trong gidi h^n tu 16 din 22 lin/phut trong diiu ki$n khong gSng sue.
c) Khong dugc phep Ian trong c^ic trudng hgp sau day:
+ C6 diu hieu m§t m6i r5 rSt hoac cang thing thin kinh, tarn ly khong t6t;
+ Sau khi an no chua qua 2 gid;
+ Co triSu chimg bj benh r5 r^g, c6 khai ra hoac khong khai ra ma bac s^ 1^
kham ph^t hign ho$c nghi ngd,
7,3.
Thu6c va thiet bi y te
- Tai trgm l$n phai c6 m6t bg dung cu so cip com phu hgp vdi quy djnh va dugc bdc
sy xem xet, chip nhan. Phdi c6 mot ca so thu6c t6i thiiu dap ung so cap curu va
chtta benh ban diu.
- Hang thang phai kiim tra va b6 sung s6 lugng thuoc hoac thay the cac thu6c het han
sur dung.
8.
nhCTng qui djnh an toan trong HO^T DONG
8.1. Phvung thdc l|in tu cip khi(SCUBA)
Phuong thuc iSn tu cap khi(SCUBA)chi dugc thgc hien:
- Tai nhOng nai khSng thi sut dung phucmg thurc 1^ khdc an to^ va hieu qua hem;
- Tai nhiing dg sdu nho hon 20 met v^ khdng c6 tr^ dirag giam ap;
- Khong dugc thgc hien b noi khong gian kin hay chdt hep.
8.2. Phuoug thdc l|iii cung cap khi tiir bS m^t sfr dyng khong khi nen
- KhOng dugc thuc hien t^i nhung dO s§u Ion hon 50 met trtr trucmg hgp khin cip
cuu thg l$n.
- Tai tr^ Ito phai c6 bu6ng dp suat sSn sang sir dung cho bit ky cugc Ian nao.
8.3. Phuung thuc l^n cung cap khi tu be mSt sfl* dung hon hgp khi
Phuong thdc nay c6 nhung gidi hgn bdi nhOng rui ro cao vi v$y chi dugc tien hanh theo
nhttng qui djnh sau day:
- Phai trang bi chuong Ign hd;
-
D6 sdu Idn nho hon 75 mdt;
- Vdi do sdu tir 0 mdt din 50 met,thdi gian ddy phdi dugc gidi han di thai gian gidm
dp trong nude khong qud 100 phut;
Trang 35
Htf&ng ddn An loan irong hogt dong Ign
- Do sail Ian tir 50 met den 75 met phai gidi han thoi gian day toi da la 30 phiit;
- M6i thgf I5n 1^ thee phuong thiic nay cdn it nhit 12 gio nghi ngai lien tuc trong
m6i chu
8.4.
24 gi6.
Phirong thvc l^n d$i
NhQug heat dpng 1^ dpi sir dung chudng 1^ khong dugrc ph^ thuc hi?n a do sau vugt
qua 120 met.
8.5.
Gidi hfn thdi gian trong ISn b§o ho^
- Khong dugc phep Ian tgi dO sdu qua 300 met.
-
Thdri gian cho mot cuOc 1^ chuong boat dgng hay thai gian cho mgt cupc Ian
chuong tu dp sau bSo hoa khong dugc vugt qui 8 gih.
- Thai gian Ian da ngoai tir chuong dr dp sau bao hoi cho m6t thg lin khong dugc vugt
qua 4 gia.
- M6i thg Ian Ian bao hoa can ft nhit 12 gicr nghi ngai lidn tuc trong m6i chu ky 24
gidf.
- Thai gian 1^ bao hoa khdng dugc vugt qua 28 ngay kl ca thai gian giam ap bao
hoa.
8.6.
Cac cdng vipc phai chuan bf trird^c khi l^in
8.6.1. C4p cihi
Tai tram Ian phii c6 cac sd difn thoai lien lac tai cac dia chi sau:
\
f
r
\
- Buong dp suat sin sing lim viec(ndu tai vi tri Ian khong c6 budng dp suat);
- Bpnh vien hoac ca sa y td g^ nhit;
- Bac s^ phu hgp va trong tu thd sin sang;
- Phuang ti|n van chuydn sin sang;
-
Trung tarn cuu hp cuu nan khu vuc gan nhat.
8.6.2. Lap kl hoach \k ddnh gia rui ro
Khi lap kS hoach cho mpt boat dpng Ian cSn tien hanh danh gia cac ydu to vd an toan va
siic khoe sau:
-
Phuang thuc Ian;
- Nhung didu kien lam vide trdn bd mSt, duai nude va nhiJng nguy hidm c6 thd xay
ra;
- Dam bao dii s6 lugng va chit lugng cac ngu6n khi phuc vu cho boat ddng Ian;
- He thdng giu: km cho thg l^n;
-
Cac h|thdng trang thidt bj Ian;
-
Kd hoach nhan su;
- Cac qui trinh gidm ap, tri lipu;
- Cac qui trinh khan dp.
Trang 36
Hu&ng ddn An loan trong hogt d0ng l^n
8.6.3. Hop trien khai cong viec
Tm6c khi tiSn hanh cac cuoc Ip,tit ck cdc th^ vi^n dpi
phai tham gia cu6c hpp triln
khai c6ng viec bao g6ni cac vin d6 sau:
- Pham vi cong vi^c can ducc thirc hiSn;
- Cac bien phap hay qui trinh bao dam an to^ phai thuc hiSn hoSc tuan theo;
- Dir bdo \h bat ky nhttng m6i nguy c6 thS^huong din sir an toM cua boat dqng
cac bi?n phap phong ngira;
- Bat ky sir hi?u chinh thay doi nao cda cdc quy trinh lam vi$c do yen can d|c biet
ciia boat dpng Ian.
8.6.4. Kilm tra thiet bi
- Hoat dpng iSn chi duprc tien hanh khi trang thi6t bi su: dung trong cupc 1^ da dupe
kiem tra chit lupng bao d^m ve s6 lupng,phh hpp vdi phuong thuc va nhipm vp
cua hopt dpng 1^ va boat d^ng t6t kS ca cac trang thilt hi d\r ph6ng.
- Dam bio ring m6i thp lin du phong dupe trang bj vdi mot day truy€n sinh dai hen
ft nhit 2 met so vdi day truydn sinh cua thp I5n lam viec.
8.6.5. Tin hifu canh bio
- Khi 1^ trong nhung viing c6 th8 c6 tin thuydn qua 1^ thi phai c6 cb bao hipu theo
ma qu6c te dit cao ft nhit 01 mdt tai vf tri Ian sao cho khu vpc xung quanh c6 thI
nhin thiy dupe. nIu IJn ban d8m thi phai c6 ddn chieu sang trong su6t qua trinh I3n
va phai treo den canh bao mau do -trlng - do.
-
Chi dupe tidn hanh nhung boat dpng 1^ khi da c6 thong bao cho tat ca cac tau
thuyen va phuomg tien noi khac, cang vu hay nhCmg vi tri c6 dinh tren biln bidt c6
nhftng boat d6ng IJn dang tien hanh trong khu vuc.
- Khi ho^t dpng Ian dupe thuc hien tu vi tri c6 dinh tren bidn thi phai dat bidn bdo
hi$u Ifin tpi vj tri Ian. Ndu boat dpng Ian dupe tidn hanh tir tau thuydn thi bidn bao
hieu l^n dupe dat b vj tri tning tim cua nhung bang dieu khidn c6 lidn quan ddn an
toan cua thp l^n va nhiJng bidn bao hieu d6 phii theo quy dinh hipn hanh vd an toan
tau thuydn h6 trp ho^t d^ng l^n qu6c td.
8.7.
Cic cdng vide phai chain hi trong qui trinh l^n
8.7.1. Dua thp Ian xuong nude va len hb
- Phai CO mot phuong tidn c6 thd h6 trp thp lin khi xu6ng nude va rdi khdi mit nude
Idn bo.
- Nhung phuong tidn h§ trp thp 1^ rdi khdi mit nude Idn bd phai dupe tha sau xudng
dudi bd mit nude.
- Phai CO mpt phuong tidn dl hd trp dua mdt thp 1^ bj thuong td dudi nude Idn bd
hay dua vio trong chuong.
8.7.2. Kilm tra thdng tin lidn lac
- Phai kiem tra he thdng lidn lac bing tidng noi hai chidu gida:
+ Mdi thp 15n vi budng didu khiln lin hay chudng Ian (khi sd dung chuong Ian);
+ Gida chudng Ian va budng didu khidn 1^;
Trang 37
Huang ddn An toan trong hogt dong l$n
+ Gitta buong dieu khien Ian
bSt ky ngirdi nao lien quan (thuy thu, thuyen
truong) CO anh hxrong quan trpng toi s\r an toan va hieu qua ciia boat d§ng
1^.
- Ngoai ra phai kiem tra h? thdng lien lac hai chiSu dir ph6ng
bu6ng di€u khiln
Ian trong tnromg hop khan cap.
- N6u CO mOt boat d^ng ROV nao diln ra a vung xung quanb, c^ pbai tbiSt l?p va
giu tbong tin luon duqc duy tri giua giam tbi iSn va giam tbj ROV.
8.7.3. B§ng giam ap
Tgi bu6ng dieu khiln Ian pbii c6 san cac bdng giam ap, bang Idn ISp lai, b^ing gidi ban
kb6ng gidm ap.
8.7.4. Ghi tdm tSt diln biln cuoc Ian
Trong qud trinh Ian pbai gbi tom tat dac dilm cuOc Ign cho tung tbg l|n bao g6m do siu,
thdi gian, qua trinb giam ap va cd sir tbay d6i \h kbf tho.
8.7.5. Cac c6ng vifc d^c bift
Kbi boat dgng lan tbpc bi^n cac nbi6m vu d$c biet nbu ban cat, n6 min ... bay boat dgng
trong cac kbu vuc c6 yeu cdu an todn djc biet nbu kbu virc dl cbay nd,kbu virc c6 cac tbilt
bi ngdm,thiSt bj tg dong boat dgng... tbi boat dong lan c^ pbai tuan tbeo cac nguyen tac
bay quy trinb an toan doi vdi c6ng vigc bay kbu vuc do.
8.7.6. Ket thuc cu$c l^n
Tbofi gian lam viec cua cuOc lan se dugc kit tbuc kbi:
- Het thai gian day tbeo qui dinb cua bang gidm ap;
- Nbiem vu cugc lan da hoan tit;
- Co mot tbg lan y%u cau kit tbuc cugc l^n;
- Co mgt tbg lan kbong trd Idi chinb xac cac tin bieu bay tb6ng tin tir mgt tbanh vien
dgilan;
- Tbdng tin lien lac bj mit ma kbdng tbi tai tbiSt lap nhanb cbong;
- Mgt tbg l^n bat dau pbai dung kbi thd dg pbong dugc mang tbeo tbg lan hay kbi tbd
du phong cua tr^ l§n.
8.8.
Cac cdng vifc can thgc hifn sau kbi lan
8.8.1. Kiem tra hurdng dan sau kbi lan
Sau kbi hoan tbanb bat ky cugc lan nao, giam th} l^n pbai:
- Kilm tra sue kboe cua tbg lan; Tinb trang sue khoe do tac ddng v$t ly trong lan;
Nhihig trieu cbung cua bgnb giam ap hoac tic kbf;
- Chi din tbg lan bao cdo nhOng vin dl sure khoe hay nhung tbay ddi sinb ly bao gim
ca nbfing tri6u cbung cda bSnb giam ap;
- Cbi cbo tbg lan biet vi tri gan nhlt cda buong ap suit da san sang dl sd dung. Cinh
bao tbg lan nhung nguy bilm tilm In nlu phai bay cao sau kbi lan. Canb bao b6nh
giam dp cung c6 tbi xdy ra vai gid sau kbi lan.
Trang 38
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Hudng dan An toan trong hogt dgng Idn
i
8.8.2. Kha nSng tai nen/giam ap be mSt
i
- Tai trami Ian phM c6 mOt bu6ng ap suat c6 th6 tai nen thgr iSn tzii b6 m$t d6n do sau
^/\
/r"
A Tl A\
1
1 <v
^
>
«
t6i thiSu 50 mdt(6 ATA)cho nhOng trirdng hgp sau:
*
I
•
I
+ NhOng cuoc l$n bang khong khi cung cap tir hk mat c6 do sau tur 20 met dSn
50 met;
+ Lan bang khi h6n hgp c6 dp sau nho hon 75 met;
+ NhOng cuoc
c6 thbi gian vuort qua gidd han kh6ng phdi giim ap va c6 dp
sau nh6 hon 75 met.
- Nhu-ng cuoc lan c6 d6 siu Ion hon 75 mdt thi tai trgm Ian phai c6 mpt bu6ng ap suat
CO kha nang tai nen cho thp lan den dp sdu t6i da cua cupc 1^,
- Tr^ lan phai c6 du lupng khi d6 ti6n hanh giam ap, tri li8u nlu cdn.
8.8.3. Hoan th^nh bien ban cu^c l^n
- ThSng tin sau phai dupe ghi lai va luu trO cho m6i cupc 1^:
+ T6n cua nhOng thiinh vien doi lan g6m ca trach nhiem va nhiem vu ciia ngudi
I
do;
•(
+ Ngay,thdri gian va vi tri;
+ Phucmg thiic lan dupe dung;
+ NOi dung cong vigc dupe thuc hien;
X
X
*
+ Nhung dieu kidn dudi nude vd be mat(tarn nhin, nhiet d6 va dong chay);
+ Dp siu t6i da va thdi gian day cho m6i thp lan.
- Doi vdi cube 1^ c6 thbi gian day vupt qua gidi han khong phai gidm ap, sau hon
30 met hay dOng khi h6n hpp, cac thdng tin sau cin dupe ghi va luu trCr;
+ Dac diem
thdi gian Ign, qua trinh giam ap, sp thay doi vi khi tho;
+ Bang giam ap va chuong trinh giim ap dupe sd dung tuong tmg vdi phuong
thiic lan;
+ Khoang thdi gian trii qua ki td khi kit thiic cu6c lan trudc do din cu6c lan
tiip theo it hon 24 gid hay cu6c lan lap lai dupe chi dinh cho mii thp lan.
- Vdi moi cu6c 1^ ma thp l$n bj binh giam dp hodc nghi ngd bi binh gidm dp thi
nhung thing tin sau c^ dupe ghi lai vd luu tru:
+ M6 td triiu chung bgnh gidm dp(gdm cd thdi gian vd dp sau);
+ Mo ta vd ghi kit qua chfta trj.
8.9.
Stf dung bdng gidm dp/bang tri liiu
- Qud trinh giam dp/trj li^u trong lan phai dupe thpc hiin dung vd thdng nhdt va chi
su dung nhftng bang giam dp/tri liiu dupe nhd thdu lan thCra nhdn. Bang gidm dp sur
diing phai ghi vdo trong s6 ghi hoat dpng idn ciia tram Idn vd s6 nhdt ky lan cua thp
1^ cd chu" k;^ xdc nhdn cOa gidm thi Idn.
- Tdt cd nhthig tai n^ liin quan din lan hoac binh gidm dp diu phai ghi ddy dii chinh
xdc vdo s6 ghi hoat ding lan cOa tr^m Idn.
Trang 39
Huong dan An toan trong hoqt dgng Ign
- Benh gi^ ap xay ra khi thuc hiSn cac cu6c I5n dung khf thd h6n hgrp khi Heli-oxy
phai duofc tri lieu b^g h6n hgp khi Heli-oxy tuomg dng.
- N€u th\rc hi?n ho^t d6ng 1^ cung cap khf tu b§ mat dung h6n hop khf, thoi gian
giam ap trong nude khong dugc vugt qud 100 phut.
8.10. Nhung quy d|nh vi thori gian tren b^ mat
- Thdi gian tren be m^t la khoang thai gian giiJa hai cuoc Ign lien ti^p.
- Khi Ian den dO sSu 50 met va dung khdng khf nen d^ thd, thai gian tr8n bl mgt gifia
hai cugc Ian ft nhat la 18 gicr, trd khi ti^n hanh nhfhig cuoc Ian l$p Igi nhung khong
dugc vugt qua 2 cuoc Ian trong 24 gib.
- DOi vdi nhilng cuoc lan ngoai 1$ thi thdi gian tr6n bS mat gifta hai cu6c Ian ft nhdt
la 24 gid.
- Khi Ito bao hoa, thg fan phai dugc nghi ft nhSt 12 gid Ifgn tuc trong khoang thai
gian 24 gid.
- Bdt cu thg lan nao da ti8n hanh cuOc l^n c6 giam ap phai d Igi tr^ l^n c6 budng ap
suit t6i thilu la 04 gid va budng ap suit phai d dilu ki6n sin sang hogt dgng.
8.11. Nhung quy dmh ve thdi gian khi thg i^n bj bfnh giim ap va sau khi trj lifu c6
hieu qua
- Phai nghi lam viec toi thiSu 12 gid khi b;bfnh giam ap thI nhe nhu tf bi, ngura, n6i
man, mdi ca.
- Phai nghi lam viec t6i thilu 24 gid khi bi benh giam ap thI vira, khi benh tai phdt
hogc bang tri lifu phai keo dai.
- Phai nghi lam vifc t6i thieu 7 ngay khi c6 nhOng bieu hien bfnh giam ap thI nang
sau khi tri lifu c6 hieu qua.
- Trudng hgp bfnh giam dp dl Igi di chumg sau khi tri lifu, thg lan phdi dugc giam
dinh Igi sue khoe vd dugc hgi d6ng gidm dinh y khoa cho phep tilp tuc hay khong
tiep tuc hdnh nghe lan.
- Sau khi bi tai n^ v5 phdi c6 hay khong c6 trifu chung tic mgch mau do bot khf^
thg iSn chl dugc phep tilp tiic cong tdc iSn khi c6 chung nhan sue kho6 cua hgi d6ng
giam dinh y khoa.
8.12. Nhfrng quy dinh ve bay cac sau khi lan
Nhung thg lan sau cufc ISn md di chuyin blng phucmg tifn mdy bay phdi thuc hifn nhiing
quy dinh sau:
- Ddi vdi nhChig cudc Ifn khdng c6 tr^ ddng gidm dp, thdi gian ting cgng cua cudc
lan nhd han 60 phut nhit thilt phdi l\m thg l^n d moi trudng dp suit Id 1 atm trudc
khi bay t6i thilu Id 2 gid khi di chuyin d d6 cao tdi da 600 met vd tdi thilu Id 4 gid
khi di chuyin d dg cao t6i da 2600 met.
- D6i vdi nhung cuoc l^n cd thdi gian ting cgng nhd han 4 gid nhIt thilt phdi luu thg
lan d^mdi trudng dp suit 1 atm trudc khi bay tli thieu Id 12 gid khi di chuyin d df
cao tli da 600 met vd tli thieu Id 24 gid, khi di chuyin d do cao tli da 2600 met.
- Dli vdi nhfing cuoc Idn bdo hoa khdng khf hay Nita-oxy cd thdi gian ting cdng
cudc lan Idn han 4 gid nhIt thilt phdi luu thg lan d mdi trudng ap suit 1 atm trudc
Trang 40
Huang dan An toan trong hogt dgng Ian
khi bay t6i thilu Ik 24 gib khi di chuyln a dO cao t6i da 600 met va t6i thieu la 48
gib khi di chuy6n b do cao tdi da 2600 met.
- Sau tat ca nhOng cupc 1^ bSo hba
1^ doi dung hdn hop khi Heli-oxy phai luu
gitt thgr iSn it nhdt 18 gib b moi tnrbng ap sudt 1 atm khi mu6n di chuydn ho b^g
phuong ti$n bay cao.
- Sau khi trj lifu gi^ dp nlu viec trj lieu hoan tdt nhat thiSt phai luu thg Ian b moi
trubng dp suit 1 atm trubc khi bay t6i thilu la 24 gib, khi di chuyin b do cao t6i da
600 met va toi thieu la 48 gib khi di chuyen b dp cao 2600 met. Tnrbng hop biiu
hien di chbng cua benh gidm dp thi thbi gian Itm &g Ian b moi trubng dp suit 1 atm
va do cao phdi do bdc sy sinh ly Ian quyit d}nh.
Phai dp dung cdc phuong phdp trg cuu sau day niu tren chuyin bay thg Idn bi mdc benh
gidm dp:
- Niu benh nhdn c6 nhttng con dau timg yung b chdn tay thi phdi cho dun^ thuoc
gidm dau va cho thb oxy (niu c6) chuyin bay c6 thi tiip tuc va khong cin diiu
chinh do cao.
- Niu benh nhan c6 nhun^ trieu chutng trim trgng khac phai c6 y kiin chi dinh cda
bdc sy sinh ly Ian. Chuyen bay phdi gidm do cao hoSc ha cdnh b sdn bay gin nhit,
cho b?nh nhan thb oxy.
8.13. Nhilmg quy dinh vi thb t^c hd so* hao cao trong Idn
8.13.1. So ghi hoat dong Ian cua tr^m l|n
- Cl mbi tram Ign, don v} l^n phai l^p so ghi hoat d6ng Ian cua tram Ian.
- Gidm thi Ian c6 trdch nhiSm ghi diy dii va chinh xdc tiin trinh co ban boat dpng
hang ngay vdo s6 ghi hoat dong Ian cua tram Ian va c6 ky ten xdc nhan.
- S6 ghi hoat dong Ian ciia tram Ian phai dugc luu giO tdi thiiu trong hai nam ki tu
ngdy ket thuc cbng viec IJn b tram Ian.
8.13.2. 86 ghi l^n vd giam dp bdo hba
So ghi l|n va gidm dp bdo hba dugc ghi lai nhung nbi dimg sau ddy trong timg cube Ian:
- Toan bg nhOng boat dgng chi tiet cua qud trinh gidm dp bdo hba;
- Tinh trang dien bien cua mbi trubng hb trg sir sbng ben trong bubng;
- NhiJng trang thdi vat 1;^ khbng binh thubng vd tr^g thdi tdm ly cua thg Ian;
- Tinh tr^g cua cdc ngubn khi hi$n c6 phgc v\i cho ho?it dgng Idn.
Ky thuat vien ho trg su song c6 trdch nhiem ghi diy du va chinh xdc nhtrng boat dOng va
dien bibn trong ca true cua minh vao so ghi Idn va gidm dp bdo hba, c6 ky ten xdc nhan.
Ky thudt vibn hb trg su sbng thay ca c6 trdch nhibm tiip nihan, kiem tra so ghi vd ghi tbn
minh vao sb trubc khi nhan nhiem vu true ca.
Sb ghi Idn vd gidm dp bdo hba phdi luu gitt it nhat trong thbi gian hai ndm kb tir ngay cubi
dugc ghi vao sb.
8.13.3. So nhat ky Ian cua thg Ian
- Mbi thg Idn phdi c6 mbt sb ghi nhdt ky Idn cua cd nhdn. S6 do nha thiu Idn cdp,
trong sb ghi ro ten tubi va dan dnh ngubi dugc cdp sb, c6 chiS ky va dong ddu co
quan cap sb.
Trang 41
Hir&ng dan An toan trong hogt dong Ian
- Trong s6 ghi r5 qud trinh dao tao va nhtSng n6i dung da dugc huSn luyen v6 ITnh
vuc 1^.Phan con lai ghi chiing nhan sure khoe theo dinh ky va chi tiet nhung ho^t
dpng Ian cua bM thSn nguori dugc cap so.
- Thg lan c6 trdch nhi$m ghi vao s6 ciia minh diy dii, chinh xac hogt d^ng Ian cua
ban than trong ttmg cu6c ISn va dS nghf giam thi cua ca do ky ten xac nh^.Thg ISn
c6 nhiem vg gift gin s6 nguyen ven,sach se v^ xin dugc cip s6 khdc khi het so.
- S6 nhat k^ cua thg iSn phii luu giG tai nha thiu iSn trong thdi gian ft nhat 2 nam
kS ti^ ngay cu6i cung ghi trong s6.
8.13.4. Nhung ngi dung ghi viio so heat dong Ign cua tram Ian
Nhung ngi dung sau day phii dugc ghi vao so hoat dong lan cua tram lan:
-
Ngay thang nam va kho^g thoi gian trong qua trinh thuc hien hoat dOng lan;
- Ten hoac bf danh khdc cua tau thuy6n hoac vi rf c6 djnh tr6n bi6n hoac vi trf l^lm
viec ma h$ thdng 1^ dugc lap dat d6 thuc hien hoat dong 1^;
-
T8n gitoi thi lan va thai gian thg Ito lam vifc dudi nude;
- Ten ciia nhftng nhan viSn khdc trong hogt dgng lan (bao gom hogt dgng trong bdt
ky thiet bi nao va nhiem vg thudng xuy8n cua hg);
- Nhftng phucrng phap dl doi pho vai tinh hu6ng khan cdp;
- Nhftng phuang thuc cin thgc hi?n tiSp sau hogt dgng 1^(bao g6n chi tiSt bang bieu
giam ap dugc sir dgng);
- Do sau dgt dugc toi da trong tiln trinh hogt dgng cho m6i thg lan;
- Doi vai tung thg 1^ ghi dSc diem thg lan, thdi gian rdi bS mp,thdi gian day cua
cac cugc Ipi;
-
Nhftng logi thiSt bj thd va hdn hgp khi dugc su dung;
-
Dgc tinh ciia hogt dgng I5n;
- BP Id benh giPn dp nao, nhftng b|nh khdc c6 cdm gidc kho chiu hodc bi t6n thuang
do bat eft tac dgng nao gdy ra;
- Ghi chi tip cua bdt ky trudng hgp khdn cdp nao xdy ra trong qud trinh hogt dgng Ipi
do bat eft tac dgng nao gdy ra;
- Ghi tdt cd nhftng sai sot dugc phdt hidn trong bdy ky trang thilt bi I3n ndo dugc sft
dgng trong hogt dOng Ign;
- Ghi chi tip tdt ca cac yeu t6 thudc ve moi trudng anh hudng ddn hogt dgng lan;
- Ghi tdt ca nhftng ydu t6 khac c6 lien quan din an toan hogc sftc khde cua nhdn vien
trong hogt dgng lan.
8.13.5. N$i dung ghi vao si nh^t ky Ign cua thg Ian
Nhftng ndi dung sau ddy phai dugc ghi vao s6 nhat ky Ipi cua thg Idn trong tftng hogt dgng
lan:
-
Ngay thang ndm;
- T€n hodc bf danh cfta vi trf c6 dinh tr€n biln hogc tdu thuyin dugc Idp dgt trgm Ign
de thuc hien hogt dgng Ign;
Trang 42
Hu6ng dan An lodn trong hogt d^ng l$n
- Hq ten giam thi Ian;
- Do sSu toi da dat dirge trong m6i cugc 1^;
Thcri gian thg Ian rcri be mSt,thoi gian ddy, thM gian ve den be mat trong moi cudc
Ito;
- Thai gian giam ap, nhumg chi tia ciia bSt ky trieu chung n^o trong va sau khi giam
dp;
- Chung Igai trang thifit bj thd va ho hgp khi stir dung;
- Tinh chit cong vi?c thg l^n thuc hien va thiit bi c6ng cu stir dgng d6 thuc hien c6ng
vi?c;
- Bit ky tri8u chtiaig nao cua b6nh giam dp hodc cdc b6nh khdc,su kh6 thd hay bj t6n
thuong cua thg Ian;
- Cdc yen t6 khdc lien quan din sg an toan va sue khoe cua thg Ian;
- Diiu kien mdi tnromg, trang thdi thori tiit, dong chay va tim nhin.
8.14. Nhfrng quy dinh vi an todn khi thg l|in tien hanh cong viec dirtiri nirgc
Nha thiu Ian phai c6 S6 tay idn/Quy trinh lam vi?c cho timg lo^i c6ng vi8c tiin hanh a
dudi nude. Tdt cd cdc dung cu, thiet bi stir dung de lam vide dudi nude phdi cd qui trinh
hudng din stir dung, cdc thg Idn phai dugc ddo tgo va stir dgng thanh thao cdc thiit bi trudc
khi dieu dgng. Trudc khi tien hanh mot cong viec d dudi nude, thg Idn phdi dugc hudng
din va cd thd cin phai dugc thgc tip dd bao ddm thgc hidn cong vile thanh thao va phong
ngua nhftng tai nan cd thd xay ra, nhat la nhiing cong vi^c nguy hiem nhu:
-
Sti: dung chat no dudi nude;
- Han cit dudi nude;
-
Stir dung mdy phun nude cao dp dudi nude;
- Kich keo va stir dung cdc thidt bi nang;
-
Dyng cu didn dudi nude...
Nha thiu Ian phai hudng din cho thg Idn bidt cdch phdng ngtira va xd ly khi gap nhiing mdi
nguy hidm tir ngoai canh khi lam vide dudi nude. Vl du: nhu nhiing mdi nguy hidm gay ra
do chudng ngai vat va sg tin cdng cua sinh vat bidn, nhiing mdi nguy hiem do ludi ddnh
cd...
Gidm th[ Ian phai ghi vao sd ghi hqat dgng Ian cua tram Idn kd hoach chi tidt va nhiing
hudng din dd phong nhdng nguy hidm cho thg Idn trudc khi Iln dd liigc hidn nhiing cdng
vigc dudi nude.
Khdng tidn hanh hodc dung cdng vide clu hang, Idp dgng, thdo da gian gido... bdn trdn
khu vgc thg Idn lam vide.
8.14.1. Nhirng dung eg vd thiet b|dien dm tay
- Thg 1^ thudng phai su dyng hole tidp xuc vdi cdc thidt bj didn. Vi vly phdi bao
dam rang thg lyn va cdc thanh vidn khdc trong dpi dugc bao v? chdng lai nhiing
nguy hidm do vide dting didn.
Trang 43
Htc&ng dan An loan trong hoat dong Idn
- NhQng dyng c\i va thi6t bi dien cim tay phai dugc ngit di§n tniac khi dugc dira
xu6ng nude hay khi dem td dudi nude 18n va chi dugc dong dien tir buong diSu
khiln Ian khi c6 yen can cua thg Ian.
- ThiSt hi v§n h^ bimg pin dugc dung bSn trong buQng dp suit c6 thi gdy ra nhOng
nguy hiim vd ki hoach Ian cdn bao g6m nhthig thong s6 an toan cho viec ddng
nhilng thiit hi nhu tren.
- Cac dyng cy vd thiit hi didn cim tay sur dyng dudi nude phai dugc thiit k6, chi tao
ddc bidt vd chuyen dyng dung cho c6ng tac Ian,c6 chiing chi chat lugng, xuit xur va
chutng nhdn kiim dinh dinh ky.
- D6i vdi cac dyng cy,thiit hi md ngu6n didn dp cung cip cao phdi c6 thiit hi ty ngdt
khi hi ro di^n. Cdc dyng cy, thiit bi md khong c6 thiit bj ty ngit khi bj rd difn chi
dugc sur dyng loyi thiet hi dung dong di|n xoay chiiu c6 difn dp t6i da Id 7,5V va
ddng didn mOt chiiu c6 dien dp t6i da Id 30 V. Cdc dyng cy, thiit hi diSn ndy bit
buoc phai dugc chyy thd dudi nude trudc khi huy ddng vd phdi thd lai trudc m6i
ISn dua vdo sur dyng.
8.14.2. Han cit dudi nude
- Cong vi6c hdn cat dudi nude khong dugc thyc hi?n bing phuong thuc lyn SCUBA.
Khi tiin hanh cac hoyt dgng hdn cit dudi nude,ki hoach Idn cdn phdi dua ra nhdng
chi dan v6 cdc quy trinh 1dm viSc dugc dp dyng di lam han che nhilng nguy hilm
c6 the xay ra.
- Cong tic ngat dong diSn chyy din diyn eye hdn cit phai dugc mot thanh vien doi
1^trdng coi va lien lac 2chieu bang gign^ noi vdi thg lyn thyc hi8n han cit va luon
gift d vi tri md tru khi thg Idn dang hdn cit.
- Mdy hdn dudi nude phai Id mdy hdn di?n mgt chiiu c6 di$n dp tii da Id 30V.Khung
mdy hdn cit phai dugc nii dit.
- Ddy cdp hdn cat, mo hdn cit vd cdc mii nii phdi c6 kha ndng mang dong diyn tii
da dugc yeu cdu bdi c6ng viec va phai dugc each ly hodn todn.
- Thg Idn phdi mang gang tay each difn di thuc hifn nhftng hoat d6ng hdn cit.
- Trudng hgp hdn cit trong khoang kin thi phdi thdng khi bing cdc hdn hgp khi khong
hi trg sy chdy trudc,trong vd sau khi tiin hdnh cong viyc.
8.14.3. Lan trong khu vyc c5 ROV/thiit bi thi cdng ngim boat dyng
- Khi tiSn hdnh cdc hoat dong lan c6 cdc loai thidt hi nhu ROV hoyc phuong tien thi
cong ngdm khac dang hoat dOng gdn khu vyc thg lyn 1dm viec thi phai tiin hanh
ddnh gid rdi ro d6i vdi tung trudmg hop cy the vd dua vdo do de thiet lap cdc bi^n
phdp kiem soat vd bdo dam an todn.
- Chi dugc phep tien hdnh cac cugc lan trong cac khu vyc dang c6 hoyt dgng cua
ROV hodc phuong tiSn thi c6ng ngdm khdc khi dS c6 su ban bye thing nhdt ve cong
tac an todn gifta gidm thi Idn va ngudi chi huy thiit b} tren di trdnh gay mit an todn
cho thg lan vd thiit hi lan.
- Khi thg lan 1dm viec trong khu vyc c6 ROV hoyc phuong tien thi con^ ngdm khdc
thi ki hoych lan cung cdn phdi c6 nhftng hudtig din cy thi di gidi quySt nhftng vdn
de nguy hiem c6 thi xdy ra.
Trang 44
Huong dan An toan irong hogt dgng Idn
- Doi vdi cac cu6c Im mithg Ian phai xu6ng giii curu cho ROV hoSc phuang tien thi
c6ng ngam thi cac lo^i phuang tien thilt bi nay phai dung hoat dpng hoin toan tir
khi thg I^n xu6ng nuac cho den khi thg iSn rbi mat nude len bd an toin.
8.14.4. Bom hut nude hoac xi thii
ISIha thiu
c^ phii xdc dinh vdi chd c6n^ trinh (hoac ngudi true tilp v^n hanh cong
triiA) xem c6 bit k^ sg can trd hay nguy hilm nao dudi nude xung quanh khu vuc lin
khong. Neu c6 bit cu cong vi?c bom hut nude hay xa thai gan vi tri lam vi?c cua thg lan
thi phai^tiSn hanh dinh gia rui ro d6i vdi tvrng trudng hgp eg th6, td do thiet lap cac bi^n
phap Idem soat va bao dam an toan bao gom ca bien phap t^ ngimg hoat dgng xa thii neu
thiy cin thiit.
8.14.5. Phun nude cac ap
- Su dung may phun nude cao ap c6 thi gay ra nhftng nguy hiim nghiem trgng cho
thg iin, vi vay ki hoach Ian phai dua ra nhftng hudng din hay quy trinh van hanh
an toan.
- Thg 13n phai dugc dao tao va cip churng chi phu hgp.
- Khong dugc tiin hinh phun nude cao ap khi c6 hai thg Ian d gin nhau.
- Chi dugc cung dp ap suit cho sung phun khi c6 ySu clu td thg lin dang giu sung.
Khong cho phep thg Ian bu6c hay nem giO c6 dinh cd sung ma chi dugc su dung
bing tay.
8.14.6. L^n tir tau bo trg Ian
- Nghiem dm thgc hien nhOng ho?t dgng Ian tu nhftng phuong tien dang chuyin dich
hoSc chua dugc neo c6 dinh chic chin. Nhftng tiu nh6 c6 chiiu dai than tiu dudi 6
met dugc phdp dich chuyin ftong hoat ddng lin de kiim fta nhung chi dugc tiin
hanh khi chan vit tau dS cd tam chan bao ve.
- NIu hoat dgng iSn dugc thgc hidn tu ^u djnh vi dOng Igc thi ki ho^ich Ian phai cd
nhftng bien phap thich hgp d6 h^ che cac nguy hiem cho thg Ian ho^c day truyin
sinh ciia thg Idn bi cu6n hoac hftt di:
+ Bit huge phii sft dgng gid Ian ho^c chuong I^n;
+ Diy Uuyin sinh phai dugc tha tu gid Idn hodc chuong Idn;
+ Chieu dai ddy truyin sinh phai dugc gidi h^ vd giam sat ftong suit qua ftinh
Ian;
+ Thg phg Ign,thg diiu khien gid/chuong Idn phai dugc ftang bj thilt bi liSn lac
hai chilu true tilp vdi giam thi l§n va cd thi nghe dugc thdng tin liSn lac ftao
ddi giua giam thi
va thg I^n d dudi nude.
- Khdng sft dung tau dinh vi dgng Igc DPI cho hoat ddng Idn, trft trudng hgp tdu ndy
chi sft dgng neo, khong sft dgng hd thdng dinh vi ddng Igc.
8.14.7. Tdu hi trg Ian dinh v|d^ng igc DP2
Phii ddm bao cd tinh dg phdng. Bit kl thiet bi dly, he thdn^ didn, hd thdng dilu khiln
dinh vi, cdc hg thdng tham chilu vi tri, cac cam bien do thdi tilt va xdc dinh hudng,tu thi
cua tau md bi hdng thi phdi cdn bd phdn,hd thdng dg phdng hoat ddng dl tau van gift dugc
vi tri cho phep thu hdi thg Im an toaa.
Trang 45
Huang dan An toan trong hoqt dQng Ign
8.15. fiieu kien moi trirorng
8.15.1. Xem x6t mdi tnrdng
Thgr
vi?c an torn va hi$u qud phu thu6c vao di^u kidn moi tnrdng thich hop. M6i
nh^ thiu i3n cSn phM dinh nghla ro rang cdc gidi ban v6 diSu ki^n moi tnicmg khi tiSn
cdc ho?t d6ng 1^. Trdch nW$m ciia giam thj IJn la d^ gia nhflng thdng tin sin c6 trudc
khi qu)^§t dinh cho phep tiSn h^h,ti% tuc hay kit thiic cuoc Ian. Gi^ thi Ian cung cin
phdi hilu r6 nhung gi(5i h^n liSn quan khac cua t^u h6 trgr Ign hay cua cac h? thing thilt hi.
Giam thi Ian chi dugc cho phep mOt hogt dpng Ian dugc bat dau sau khi anh ta da xem xet
ky tit ca cac ti€u chuin vl m6i tnrcmg, nhung^huong cua chiing vdi nhau, va nhttag
thSng s6 khdc bao g6m thilt bj trien khai, su sin s^g cua cac hS thing thilt b} va cda ck
con nguoi,tfnh chit cung nhu muc dp khin dp cua cong viec.
8.15.2. Ddng ch^y dirdi nirdrc
kI hogch l$n cung phm xem xet dong chay duoi nude va nha thiu Ian phm tuan thii qui
dinh vl dilu kiSn dong chay khi
vi6c dudi nude nhu sau;
- Khong dupe tiln h^ Ian cung dp khi td hi mgt tai ting nude giua khi dong chay
Idnhon 1,0 knot.
- Khdng dupe tiln hmh Ign cung dp khi tu bl mat tgi khu vuc dudi day biln khi
dong chay Idn hon 1,2 knot.
- Khong dupe tiln h^ lan dung chuong Ign kin hoac chuong 1^ hd tai ting nude
gifta khi dong chay Idn hon 1,5 knot.
- Khong dupe tiln h^1^ dung chuong iSn kin hoac chuong Ian hd tai khu vuc dudi
day biln khi dong chay Idn hon 1,8 knot.
8.15.3. Tam nhin be mat bi ban che/Hogt dpng l^n ban dem
-
nhin be mgt bj hgn chl do mua trong khi Ian cd thi ^h hudng din su an to^
ciia boat dOng I^ cung nhu tau hi trp 1^.
- Khi boat ddng I^ dupe tiln hanh vao ban dem hogc nhung ngay c6 tim nhin kdm,
thp lan phai mang theo ddn bao hipu dl bao vi tri cua timg thp Ign khi d tren mat
nude.
- Khu vuc mat nude trong phgm vi thp l^n l^m vide phai dupe chilu sang dl thu hii
thp
nhanh chdng.
Khi 1^ luc toi trdi hay trong khong gian kin, thp lan phai mang theo den chieu sang
dudi nude dl cd th6 quan sat dupe khu vuc lam vi6c.
8.15.4. Nhi|td6
Nhi$t dp qua Ignh hoac qua ndng c6 thS anh hudng d8n dp tin cay ciia thilt hi va tao nen
su nguy higm cho con nguoi. Khi dd thp lan cin phai dupe trang bj cac thilt bi bao vk nhidt
thich hpp. Cdc buing ap suit tr6n bl m^t cung phai dupe trang bj cac thilt bj dilu hoa nhipt
ben trong.
8.15.5. Lgn trong moi trirdng nude bj6 nhilm
Cac chat thai cong nghiep do con ngudi tao ra nhu hoa chit, diu, khi cd thi lam md kinh,
lam hu hgi cac thidt hi lam blng chit deo va dgc biet la anh hudng din sdc khoe va tinh
Trang 46
Hu&ng ddn An torn irong hogt dong Ian
than ciia tho Ian. Do do khi thg Ian lam viec trong moi truong bi 6 nhilm thi phai sO: dung
b6 d6 Ian kho d6 c6 kha nang each ly hoan toan co th6 vdi m6i tnrbng b^n ngoai.
8.15.6. ThMUltbien
Tinh trgng thai tiet biSn nhu song, gio, dong chay v.v. c6 anh huong d6n an toan
cua thg ISn cung nhur nhiMg ngircri trg giiip tren be mat dSc biSt la trong qua trinh
tha va thu h6i thg ISn. Cac nhan sg phai dugc trang bi 0^0 phuang tien bao ve ca
nhan cin thiSt.
Neu boat dong Ian tir tau ho trg thi song gio c6 the 1^ cho tan kho giO dugc vi tri.
V3n de n^y phai dugc xem xet cdn than trudrc khi tha
thu h6i thg Ian.
- Cac hogt dong Ian chi dugc thgc hi§n khi s6ng c6 do cao nho han 1,5 met, tir 1,5
den 2 met hgn ch6 lan, tir 2 din 3 met chi lan khi cuu nguch hoac khi c6 su c6 dSc
biSt nghi6m trong.
9.
KE HOACH HOAX fiONG LAN
9.1.
Hd sa dir an Ian
Tnrdc khi tiln hanh hit ky mgt hoat dong 1^ nio, nha thdu Ian phai dam bao da chuin bi
ho so cho ke hogch hogt dgng 13n bao g6m cac tai lieu sau:
Danh m\ic cac tai lidu cua dg An;
S\|
Bang tiln do dg an;
Chinh sach, gidi hgn thdi tilt cua hogt dgng lan;
Ho so thiet ke,thong s6 ky thugt cua cong trinh se thgc hien;
So d616 chuc, vai ho v3 trdch nhiem cua cac nhan sg trong dg an;
Quy ginh ph6i hgp gifta cac ben tham gia dg an;
Ke hogch buy dgng va giai toa nhan sg, thiet hi dg An;
Quy trinh chi tiet thgc hign dg an bao g6m cA cac ban ve md ta;
Cac quy trinh va huong dan Ian;
Bang danh gia nii ro cho dg an tu khi buy dgng,thgc hiln dg an ngoai khoi din khi
giai toa nhan sg vA thilt bj;
Quy ginh va ma hgn phoi hgp khi c6 cac cong viec dien ra dong thdi;
Quy ginh quan ly sg thay dli;
Quy ginh bao cao, dilu ha tai ngn/sg c6;
Quy trinh ung pho khan dp;
So d6 kilm soat day truyin sinh khi 1^ th tau DP(dinh vi dgng);
Bang tinh toan h6n hgp khi tli thilu khi Ian bing hdn hgp khi;
Ho so, chung chi thilt bj;
H6 so, chijmg chi nhSn sg;
H|thing giay phep lam vi|c;
Cac quy chuan, tieu chuan va tai lieu tham khao;
Trang 47
Htt&ng dan An toan trong hogt dgng Ign
- Quy trinh nang ha khi
9.2.
vi?c lien quan den cdu keo;
Cac m6i nguy d|c biet dirge canh bao bdi khdch hang.
Ke ho^ch quan ly rfli ro
Nha thau Ian phM c6 mpt ke hoach qu^ ly rui ro, bao g6m;
- To churc cac cuOc hop xic djnh moi nguy ddnh gia nil ro phai dugc t6 churc trudc
khi ti6n hdnh phat triln cdc quy trinh timg budc thuc hi?n c6ng vi?c, vi^c xac dinh
m6i nguy va danh gid cdc rui ro phai xdc djnh ro cdc m6i nguy eg thS tai cong
tnrdng, ddnh gia cdc rui ro va tim cdc bien phdp giam nhe hoac kilm sodt no. Phai
xdc dinh ngucri chju trach nhiSm cho bdt k^' hogt dOng ndo;
- Phai hoan thanh va phe duy?t bang ddnh gia nil ro cuoi cung ngay khi quy trinh
tixng budc c6ng vi?c dugc hoan thdnh; bang ddnh gia rdi ro cung phai bao g6m ca
cho boat dgng huy dpng giai toa va k6 hogch ung pho khan cdp va tinh hu6ng bdt
ngd;
- Nhung cu6c hqp ddnh gid cdc rui ro nay phai c6 sg tham du ddy dii ciia nhan sg di
bidn, nhung nguori c6 kinh ngi?m cua nha thdu Idn cung nhu khdch hdng;
- Ddnh gid nii ro cho kd hoach va quy trinh huy dong, kd hoach Idm quen cho nhan
sg di bidn;
- Trudc khi tidn hanh vide huy dgng, phai t6 chuc mot cuoc hop ph6 bidn nhiem vu
va phan tich an toan cho nhan sg nha thdu Idn cung nhu nha thdu phg.
9.3. k4 hogch heat d^ng ngoai khoi
-
Mot cugc hop phan tich an toan phai dugc t6 chuc khi bdt ddu cong vide. Quy trinh
thgc hidn cong vide phai luon sin sang tai nai lam vide, tdt ca cdc nhdn sg lien quan
CO trdch nhidm nen trao d6i vdi nhau vd cdc moi nguy tidm tang vd each phong ngua.
- Ndu phan tich an todn cong vide cho thdy nhiJng nii ro nghiem frong khong dg doan
trudc dugc khi thgc hidn tai cong truong, ban hidu chinh cdn dugc dugc phe duydt
boi cdc ben lien quan. Phai tudn theo quy trinh quan ly thay d6i.
- Phai to chiic hop an toan ddu m6i ca hoac trudc bdt k^' hogt dOng nao c6 nii ro cao,
gidm thi Idn va nhdn sg hong ca do hao d6i vd nhidm vg,cong vide sdp tdi va nhOng
nii ro tidm tdng va bidn phdp phdng ngira cdn thidt dugc tidn hanh.
- Kd hogch Ign phai dugc pho bidn cho thg Ign trudc mSi cugc Ign. Kd hogch Ign bao
gom nhidm vg dugc tidn hdnh, dgng eg thidt hi dugc ydu cdu, cac mdi nguy, rui ro
va bidn phdp phdng ngira.
- Phai ghi nhdn hd so chi tidt mSi khi chuydn ca; hudng ddn lam quen d6i vdi nhdn
sg ddi ca.
10.
SO TAN CAO AP CHO THQ L^N BAO HOA
10.1. Hd th6ng so tan cao dp cho thg ign bao hod
- D6i vdi tdt ca cdc hogt dong Idn bao hoa, lu6n phai c6 mot he thdng so tdn cao dp
dgt tidu chudn tgi hidn trudng, he thdng so tan cao dp nay phai c6 khd nang di tan s6
lugng tdi da cac thg l^n bao hoa ddn mOt dja diem dugc chi dinh, noi nhung ngudi
thg Idn bao hoa cd the dugc giam dp mgt each an toan vd c6 kidm sodt.
Trang 48
Hudng ddn An toon trong hogt dqng Idn
- Cac thiSt bi h6 tra vi6c sa tdn trong cao ap bao gSm:
+ Xu6ng cmi hO cao ap, no c6 the la mpt chi8c xu6ng cihj ho cao ap tu hanh,
hoac bu6ng cihi h6 cao ap;
+ Tui h6 trgr su s6ng;
+ Co so tiSp nhan cao dp.
-
Xuong curu h0 cao dp phdi c6 kha nang duy tri cdc tho Ian if dp sudt bdng dp suit o
do sau bao hoa va phdi c6 thS h6 trg su s6ng t6i thieu la 72 gio.
- Co so tiSp nhan cao dp Id noi ti6p nh$n xu6ng cihi hp cao dp vd hodn thanh viec
gidm dp an toan cho nhtmg tho Ian bdn trong. Co sd nay phdi phd hgp cho viec kSt
n6i xuong cuu ho cao dp va c6 sEn tdi hd trg sir s6ng du de phuc vu viec gidm dp an
toan cho thg Idn.
10.2. KI ho^ch va quy trinh so tan
Trong hogt dgng Ian bao hod, phdi lu6n sin c6 m^t k6 hootch h6 trg va sg h6 trg true tiep
tu khdch hang hoac tu cac don vj ban gdn noi hoat dgng Idn bdo hod diln ra.
M6i he thdng bao hoa phdi c6 he thdng so tdn cao dp vd c6 kd hoach, quy trinh so tdn cu
thd, nhihig quy trinh kS hoach so tdn ndy phdi dga tren nhiing danh gid rui ro d6i vdi timg
vi tri, timg dg sau noi c6ng vide sd dugc thgc hien.
10.3. Qui dinh giam ap khan cap tu- do sau bdo hoa
Trong trubng hgp khong thd so tdn bdng xudng cuu hg cao dp hoac khong thd tidp cto cdc
CO scr tidp nhdn xu6ng curu hg cao dp thi phdi tidn hanh gidm dp khin cdp tir dg sau bao hoa
dd CO thd tdng cac co h^i song sot cho thg Idn.
11. Kfi HOt^CH tnVG PHO TRONG TINH HU6NG KHAN CAP
11.1. Kd ho^ch irug ph6 tinh hudng khan dp trong Ian
Nha thdu Idn phdi c6 quy trinh ung cuu khin cdp cho tdt cd cdc tinh hudng khdn cdp c6 thd
xay ra trong qud trinh hoat dgng Idn, trong do phdi chi ro nhiem vu va hdnh dgng cdri thidt
ciia m6i thanh vidn cua dgi Idn va cdc nhan sg tham gia. Vide cdn thidt nflra Id phdi xdc dinh
ro cdc bdc sT Ian va cdc co so didu tri y td thucrag trgc sdn sang 24 gib mbi ngay.
Nha thdu Idn phdi bao ddm k^ ho?ich xu ly khan cdp c6 thd thgc hign dugc vd co hidu qua
is ngay hidn trubng, ddng thbi phdi c6 dg kidn vd sg giup do cua cdc co so ben ngodi.
11.2. Diln tap tinh hu6ng khan cap
Nhd thdu Idn phdi tidn hanh diln tap djnh ky cdc tinh hubng khin cdp lidn quan ddn hoat
dgng Idn dd dao tao nhdn sg va kidm ha tinh ddy dd, hgp ly cua cdc quy trinh.
11.3. Doi ung cu-u khin cap cda nha thin Idn
Trong suot qud trinh hoat dgng, nha thdu Idn phdi duy tri mgt dgi ling cccu khEn cdp, d^i
nay phdi lubn is ri^rig thdi sdn sang vbi day du cac thidt bi thong tin lidn lac, tai lieu c6 lien
quan va cac phuong tidn ho hg cdn thidt khdc.
Trang 49
Hw&ng dan An loan trong hoqt dgng l^n
TAI Ll|:u THAM KHAO
1.
2.
Qu6c hOi, 2012,Bq Lugt Lao dong,s6 10/2012/QH13, ng^y 18/6/2012
Qu6c hoi, 2015, Luat An todn, ve sink lao dgng, s6 84/2015/QH13, ngay
25/6/2015
3.
PVN,2016,Huang dan Qudn ly an todn lao dgng vd ve sink lao dqng trong cdc
koat dqngDau kki, QuySt dinh s6 7965/QD-DKVN ngay 13/12/2016
4.
PVN,2018, Huang dan gidm sdt an todn trong cdc kogt dgng Ddu kki, Quyet
5.
dinh s6 376/QD-DKVN ngay 12/01/2018
Thu Tuong ChiiA phO,2016, Quy dink cki tiet mgt so dieu cua Lugt An todn, ve
sink lao dong ve kogt dgng kiem dink ky tkugt an todn lao dgng, kudn luyen an
todn, ve sink lao dgng vd quan trdc moi truang lao dong, Ngh} dinh so
44/2016/ND-CP ngay 15/5/2016
6.
BO LDTBXH,2016, Ban kdnk Dank mgc may, tkiet bi, vat tu, ckdt c6 yen cdu
ngkiem nggt ve an todn lao dgng. Thong tu so 53/2016/TT-BLDTBXH ngay
28/12/2016
7.
Bo LDTBXH,2017, Qtq> dmh cki tiet mgt so ngi dung ve kogt dgng kiem dink^
tkugt an todn lao dgng doi vai may, tkiet hi, vat tu coyeu cdu ngkiem nggt vi an
todn lao dgng. Thong tu s6 16/2017/TT-BLDTBXH ng^y 08/6/2017
8.
Bo LDTBXH,2014, Ban kdnk 27 quy^ trink kiem dmk ky tkugt an todn doi vai
may, tkiet bi c6 yeu cdu ngkiem nggt vi an todn lao dgng tkugc track nkiem qudn
ly cua Bg LDTBXH,Thong tu s6 07/2014/TT-BLDTBXH, ng^y 06/3/2014
9.
Bo Y te, 1988, 52-TCN-349-88, Tkg Ldn - Tieu Ckudn site kkoe, TiSu chuSn
ng^h s6 52-TCN-349-88 ngay 28/9/1988
10. Bp Y te, 1997, Tieu ckudn pkdn logi sue kkoe de khdm tuyen, kkdm dink ky cko
ngudi lao dgng, QuyOt dinh s6 1613/BYT-QD ng^ly 15/8/1997
11. Bp Y te, 2016,Huang ddn qudn ly ve sink lao dgng vd site kkoe nguai lao dong,
r
M
ThOng tu s6 19/2016/TT-BYT ngay 30/6/2016
12. BOY te,20l3,Huang ddn kkdm sue kkoe dink ly,Th6n.gtic s6 14/2013/TT-BYT
ngay 06/5/2013
t
%
13. TOng cOng ty Dau khi Viet Nam, 1995, Quipkam an todn trong cong tdc ldn, so
955/DK-KHCNMT ng^y 20/4/1995
14. Bp Cong Thuong,2015, Quy dmk vi tkdigid Idm viec, tkdi gid ngki ngai ddi vai
ngudi lao dgng Idm cdc cong vigc c6 tink ckdt dgc biit trong link vuc tkdm do,
kkai tkdc ddu kki tren biin. Thong tu s6 24/2015/TT-BCT ngay 31/7/2015
15. Thu Tuong Chinh phii, 2015, Quy dmk vi qudn ly an todn trong koat dgng ddu
kki, QuyOt djnh s6 04/2015/QD-TTg ngay 20/01/2015
16. TiOu chudn QuOc gia, 2007, Ckai ckua kki-ckai thep kdn nap Igi dugc.dung cko
khi ddu mo hod long(LPG)-kiim tra dinh ky vd thu nghigm, TCVN 7832:2007
17.
US,2016, 17.5'. Navy Diving Manual,Rev.7
18. India, 2010, Colour Identification Of Gas Cylinders And Related Equipment
Intended For Medical Use, BIS IS 7285-1:2004(R2010)
19. IMO,1997,IMO Code ofSafetyfor Diving Systems
20. DNV,1989, Offshore Standardfor Diving Systems
Trang 50
Hudng dan An toan trong hogt dgng Ian
21. Lloyds Register, 2017, Rules and Regulations for the Construction and
Classification ofSubmersibles and Underwater Systems
22. ABS,2016,Rulesfor Building and Classing Underwater Vehicles
I
23. AODC, 1995, Attachment ofLoads to Lifting Hooks During Diving Operations,
I
AODC018.
[
24. AODC, 1992, Remotely Operated Vehicle Intervention during Diving
Operations. AODC 032.
25. AODC, 1985,Diving When There Is Poor Surface Visibility, AODC 034
26. AODC, 1986, Guidance Note on the Use ofInert Gases, AODC 038
27. AODC, 1986,Emergency Air Bottles in Diving Baskets, AODC 039
28. AODC,1987, The Effects of Underwater Currents on Divers'Performance and
Safety, AODC 047
29. AODC,1988, Offshore Dive Team Manning Levels, AODC 048
30. AODC,1991,Protection of Water Intake Pointsfor Diver Safety, AODC 055
31.
AODC, 1993, Diver Attachment to Structures by Means ofa Weak Link, AODC
058
32.
AODC, 1994, Pressure Gauges and other Forms of Pressure Monitoring
Equipment Used in Conjunction with Diving Operations, AODC 059
DMAC,1981,Accidents with High Pressure Water Jets, DMAC 03
33.
34. DMAC, 1981, Recommendations on Partial Pressure ofO2 in Bail-out Bottles,
DMAC 04
35. DMAC, 1981, Recommendation on Minimum Level of O2 in Helium Supplied
Offshore, DMAC 05
36. DMAC,2014, Medical Equipment to be Held at the Site ofan Offshore Diving
37.
Operations,DMAC 15 Rev,4
DMAC,1997,Duration ofBell Lockouts, DMAC 20
38. DMAC, 2014, The Provision of Emergency Medical Care for Divers in
Saturation, DMAC 28, Rev.2
39. DMAC,2013, Accelerated Emergency Decompression (AED)from Saturation
DMAC 31
40.
IMCA, 2012, Guidance on Competence Assurance and Assessment, IMCA C
003, Rev.2
41. IMCA,2013, Guidance on Assessor Training,IMCA C 007, Rev.l
42. IMCA, 2008, Outline Syllabus for Training of Personnel in Supervisory
Positions,IMCA C 011
43. IMCA,2011, Guidelinesfor Oxy-Arc Cutting,IMCA D 003, Rev.1
44. IMCA, 1995, The Initial and Periodic Examination, Testing and Certification of
Hyperbaric Evacuation Launch Systems,IMCA D 004
45. IMCA, 1996, Overboard Scaffolding Operations and Their Effect on Diving
Safety,IMCA D 007
46.
IMCA, 2008, Diving Operations from Vessels Operating in Dynamically
Positioned Mode,IMCA D 010, Rev.3
Trang 51
,
Hu&ng dan An toan trong hogt d^ng l^n
47. IMCA, 2013, Offshore Diving Supervisor and Life Support Technician
Certification Schemes,IMCA D 013, Rev.4
48. IMCA,2014,Imca International Code ofPracticefor Offshore Diving,IMCA D
014,Rev.2
49. IMCA,2007, Underwater Air Lift Bags,IMCA D 016, Rev.3
50. IMCA, 2014, Initial and Periodic Examination, Testing and Certification of
Diving Plant and Equipment,IMCA D 018, Rev.1
51. IMCA, 1999, Guidance on Diving Operations in Support of Intervention on
Wellheads and Subsea Facilities,IMCA D 019
52. IMCA, 1999,IMCA Schemefor Recognition ofDiver Medic Training - Guidance
for Training Establishments,IMCA D 020
53. IMCA,2004,Diving in Contaminated Waters,IMCA D 021, Rev.l
54. IMCA,2016, Guidancefor Diving Supervisors,IMCA D 022,Rev.l
55. IMCA, 2014, DESIGNfor Surface Orientated (Air) Diving Systems, IMCA D
023, Rev.l
56.
IMCA,2014,DESIGNfor Saturation (Bell)Diving Systems,IMCA D 024,Rev.2
57. IMCA,2001, Evacuation ofDiversfrom Installations, IMCA D 025
58. IMCA, 2005, Surface Supplied Mixed Gas Diving Operations, IMCA D 030,
Rev.l
59. IMCA,2006, DESIGNfor Surface Supplied Mixed Gas Diving Systems,IMCA
D037
60. IMCA,2007, Marking and Colour Coding ofGas Cylinders, Quads and Banks,
IMCA D 043
61. IMCA,2010,Code ofPracticefor the Safe Use ofElectricity under Water,IMCA
D 045
62. IMCA,2012,Surface Supplied Diving Operations Using Nitrox,IMCA D 048
63. IMCA,2013, Code ofPracticefor the Use ofHigh Pressure Jetting Equipment
by Divers,IMCA D 049
64. IMCA,2012, Minimum Quantities ofGas Required Offshore,IMCA D 050
65. IMCA,2014,Diving Equipment Systems Inspection Guidance Note DESIGNfor
the Hyperbaric Reception Facility (HRF) Forming Part of a Hyperbaric
Evacuation System (HES),IMCA D 053
66. IMO,1995, Code ofSafetyfor Diving Systems,IMO A831
67. OOP,2009,Diving Worksite Representative Roles, Resposibilities and Training,
OOP 431
68. Canada, 2016,Diving Regulation ofCanada,SOR-88-600
69. FrEince, 2014, Ontario Regulation 629/94 -Diving Operations, O. Reg. 32/14
70. UK, 1997, The Diving at Work Regulations
11. Australia, 2009, Offshore Petroleum Safety Regulations. No.382
Trang 52