Understanding Data and
Ways to Systematically
Collect Data
Learning Objectives:
1. Identify various methods suitable for the data to be
collected.
2. Formulate procedure on how to conduct a research and
collect its data.
3. Propose the research methodology of the approved
study.
Elicit
Question 1: What is the difference between research design
and research method?
Answer 1: Research design focuses on the end-product,
what kind of study is being planned and what kind
of results are aimed at.
Research method focuses on the research
process and kinds of tools and procedures to be used.
Question 2: Differentiate the researcher-completed instrument
and subject-completed instrument?
Answer 2: Researcher-completed instrument is an instrument
in the study wherein researcher is in control such as
rating scales, observation forms and performance
checklist.
Subject-completed instrument depends on the
response of the sample such as questionnaires, aptitude
tests and self-checklists.
Question 3: What makes a research instrument valid and
reliable?
Answer 3: Validity refers to the truthfulness of a measure.
Reliability refers to the consistency of measurement.
Engage: What am I?
100 % crude
extract (20
ml)
1 ml of
original crude
extract + 19
ml water
1 ml of
previously
diluted extract
+ 19 ml of
water
SERIAL DILUTION
BLOOD EXTRACTION
ASSEMBLY OF DEVICE
MICROSCOPY
TESTING OF SENSOR
Guide questions:
a. What is the purpose of the procedures?
b. What is the significance of classifying the process
into a research method it may use?
c. How do you characterize the methods according to
the standard operating procedure (SOP)?
Explore: Flowchart
1. Proceed to your respective groups.
2. Perform the given activities for each group.
Group A: Make an outline of how to do a research.
Group B: Compose a linear procedural flowchart.
Group C: Take a picture of each member exemplifying
procedures in collecting data.
3. One or two representative of each group present their work.
(2min.)
Explain
What is Data Collection?
Data Collection
• The process by which the researcher collect the
information needed to answer the research problems
In collecting the data the researcher
must decide
1. Which data to collect?
2. How to collect the data?
3. Who will collect the data?
4. When to collect the data?
The selection of data collection method
should be based on the following:
• The identified hypothesis or research problem
• The research design
• The information gathered about the variables
DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
Primary Data
SURVEY
INTERVIEWS
QUESTIONNAIRES
TESTS
OBSERVATIONS
CHECKLIST
RATING SCALE
LABORATORY
EXPERIMENTS
Secondary Data
JOURNALS
BOOKS
ANNUAL REPORT
WEBSITES
AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Steps in processing of primary data.
Editing of Data
Organization of Data
Classification of Data
1. Editing of data: The editing of data can be done at
two stages:
a. The field editing is a review of reporting by the
investigator for completing what has been written in an
abbreviated form during interviewing the respondent.
b. The post-field editing is carried out when field survey is
completed and all the forms of schedule have been
collected together. This type of editing requires review of
all forms thoroughly.
2. The coding of data
To keep the response with in
limited alternatives, we need
to assign some alphabetical or
numerical symbols or both to
the answers
3. Organization of Data
The data information collected
through
different
sources
should be organized. The first
task in this regard is to
develop a master chart.
4. Classification of data
A huge volume of raw data collected through field survey
needs to be grouped for similar details of individual
responses. The process of organizing data into groups and
classes on the basis of certain characteristics is known as
the classification of data. Classification helps in making
comparisons among the categories of observations.
Guide questions:
1. What makes data collection plan or research
methodology significant in completing a research?
2. In line with the activity, how do the processes affect
the data collection?
Elaborate
1. Proceed to your respective groups. Choose your own
group with 6-8 members.
2. Each group will accomplish the each part of research
methodology.
3. The information needed will be from the given research
title and its objectives as basis for the answering.
A: Participants and Materials or apparatus
B: Design and Procedure
4. Collaborate and analyze the given research.
5. One or two representative of each group to present their
work (2 minutes).
Or take a photo to be presented to the teacher.
Research Title: In Vitro Anthelmintic Property of Bougainvillea
spectabilis Leaf Ethanolic Extracts Against
Ascaridia galli in Chicken
Research Objectives:
This study mainly focuses on determining the anthelmintic
property of Bougainvillea spectabilis leaf ethanolic extracts
against Ascaridia galli in chicken.
Specifically, this seeks to answer the following questions:
1. How does the anthelmintic property of Bougainvillea
spectabilis leaf ethanolic extract affects the Ascaridia galli in
chicken in terms of its:
A. Parasite’s motility
B. Mortality rate
C. Life Span
2. What concentration of Bougainvillea spectabilis leaf
ethanolic extract is most effective in eradicating Ascaridia
galli in chicken?
A. 25% concentration ethanolic extract
B. 50% concentration ethanolic extract
C. 75% concentration ethanolic extract
D. 100% concentration ethanolic extract
3. Is there a significant difference between the different
concentrations of Bougainvillea spectabilis leaf ethanolic
extracts and the commercial anthelmintic product on
Ascaridia galli in chicken?