Biostatistics Observational studies Elsebey notes 1 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 2 Cross-sectional study - Prevalence Case-Control study - Odds ratio NB Nested case-control Outbreaks Elsebey notes 3 Cohort study - Prospective cohort - Retrospective cohort - Incidence /Relative Risk Unusual risk factor Ecological study Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 4 Postmarketing survellience NB Elsebey notes 5 Randomization Intention to treat (better) Per-protocol (worse) Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 6 Blinding Cross over design Hazards ratio Natural history of the disease Elsebey notes 7 Non inferiority trials Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 8 Evaluation of diagnostic tests Elsebey notes 9 Prevalnce & PPV/NPV Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 10 Screening test (Highest sensitivity) Confirmatory test (Highest specificity) Elsebey notes 11 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 12 Elsebey notes 13 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 14 Dose response relation Rare disease assumption Elsebey notes 15 Attributable risk percent (ARP) Population attributable risk percent (PARP) Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 16 Elsebey notes 17 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 18 Calculated risk Standardized incidence ratio Standardized mortality ratio Elsebey notes 19 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 20 Generalizability Elsebey notes 21 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 22 Elsebey notes 23 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 24 Reporting bias Surveillance bias Elsebey notes 25 Information bias Sample distortion bias Respondent bias Selective survival bias Neyman bias Ascertainment bias Publication bias Contamination bias Verification bias Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 26 Selection bias Non respondent bias Sampling bias Berkson bias Attrition bias Allocation bias Elsebey notes 27 Hawthorne effect Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 28 Elsebey notes 29 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 30 Elsebey notes 31 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 32 Elsebey notes 33 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 34 Elsebey notes 35 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 36 NB Sample size Elsebey notes 37 Heterogenecity Publication bias Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 38 Elsebey notes 39 Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 40 Survival analysis Elsebey notes 41 Kaplan-Meier method Time-to-event Hazards ratio Latency Period Elsebey notes Upload by >> dr-notes.com 42 Mortality prediction curve QALYs & DALYs QALY = Age at full health + (Years of disability x Time-trade-off) Time-trade-off = Years in full health equivalent to Years in disability DALY = Years of Life Lost (YLL) + Years Lived with Disability (YLD) Elsebey notes 43