Syntactic Skill The structure and organization of the words, phrases, and clauses that make up a sentence are studied and understood in syntax. The reader must analyze, store (in working memory), and integrate a range of syntactic and word meaning information in order to understand a phrase (Paris & Hamilton, 2019). The rule of syntax in many languages governs how language is used to establish shared understanding and acceptable utterances and constructions. Syntax also looks at how phrases and sentences are put together (syntactic structure) (Shuaibu, U., Soye, H. A. & Cletus, S. E., 2019). These words are made up of both purpose and content words that have a specific location and function within the structure. This section provides material and practical words/heads. Nouns, verbs (without the assistance of verbs), adjectives, and adverbs are examples of content terms, while determinants, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, templates, qualifiers, and inquiry words are examples of feature terms (Nordquist, R., 2018). According to Imane (2018), an error is a linguistic occurrence that deviates from accepted use norms and contributes to incomplete learning. Phrases is one of the mistakes students make. A phrase is a collection of words that may include nouns or verbs, which are the basic units of a sentence, but does not include a subject (the person executing the action in the sentence) or a predicate (which indicates what the subject is doing). By adding details about the subject, object, verb, or setting, a phrase helps a sentence make sense. Although a sentence is composed of phrases, a sentence would not make sense if a single phrase were taken out of it. Difficulty happens because they have trouble understanding grammatical errors, particularly fragments (Bashir et al., 2018). People, on the other hand, overlook how crucial the overall structure of a phrase is to its flow, meaning, and tone, when parallel structure is utilized, common grammatical practices are also taken for granted because normally it is being used naturally and without much thought. When parallel structure in writing gets incorrect, though, it goes horribly wrong, and usually do not even see it unless there is a support of a good editor or proofreader. Hence, parallel structure is needed because it makes a piece of writing easier to understand. It allows us to understand when things are taking place, what is taking place, who or what the subjects and objects of a sentence or clause are, and so on. And when writers follow a parallel structure, they are less prone to making common grammatical errors (Creighton, 2018). Tetzner (2021) stated that the term ‘parallelism’ refers to the repeated and balanced use of similar words, phrases or clauses that share a specific grammatical structure or syntactical pattern. As a writing tool for academic and scientific authors, parallelism clarifies intended meaning even when a sentence is complicated and renders complex text more legible, comprehensible and memorable for readers. When used with thought and care, it can not only establish a pleasing rhythm, but also promote an elegant style and pack a persuasive logical punch, which is as desirable when presenting a paper at a conference as it is when preparing a manuscript for publication or devising a thesis statement. Moxley & Paquette (2021) also argued that parallelism fosters reading comprehension because it enables readers to chunk information — elements of a sentence (e.g., words, phrase, sentence) — as coequal and related. Errors in Parallelism errors are serious because then impede communication, resulting in confused readers. These kinds of errors would not always interfere with comprehension, but they would affect the style of your writing, placing an undue burden on the reader as he or she struggles to decipher your intention. Proper parallel structure helps to establish balance and flow in a well-constructed sentence; the alignment of related ideas supports readability and clarity. Meanwhile, Siddiqui (2021) stated that excellent English language communication abilities are required for persons in all occupations, and that the concept of English verb tenses is critical in developing effective communication. As a result, if someone wishes to improve their communication abilities in both speaking and writing, they must learn English tenses. A command of the twelve primary tenses of the English language would greatly assist an individual in developing effective communication skills. Wadhwani (2020) explained that since English is a chronological language, it is necessary for English speakers to know when a specific action or event occurred. This chronology, or the order in which events and dates occur, is communicated by English speakers using verb tenses. Each tense denotes a link between two or more time periods or the precise time of an event, emphasizing the significance of English grammar tenses. They can be utilized to produce multiple interpretations from the same verbs, assisting the listener in comprehending the meaning of your story. As a result, English includes a large number of verb tenses, some of which show a relationship between two time periods and others which reflect the precise timing of an activity. With this, Davis (2021) noted that the right use of tenses allows English speakers to distinguish whether an action or event takes place at, during, or over the period indicated by a verb change. Aside from the usage of a time marker, when one wants to indicate a different intention than the preceding one, a verb shift or formation is required. There is a match between one's objective and his utterances while using tenses. If somebody makes errors in verb formulation, his counterpart is likely to misinterpret or misunderstand the meaning of his remark or sentence. In other words, if he speaks or writes to his counterpart in the improper tense, the contact would most likely end in misunderstanding. Moreover, syntax and sentence construction are critical in academic writing. While this is also true in informal writing, grammar errors in academic writing can rapidly detract from the author's reputation. As a result, it is critical to make sure that the subjects and verbs always agree. The subject-verb relationship is at the basis of grammatically accurate English writing (Walter, 2017). Middleton (2019) argued that the subject of a sentence should always match the verb describing its action. This helps the reader understands who or what is doing something and makes their writing easier to read and it guarantees that the sentence means something. Without this core, a sentence fragments and loses its power to speak. Indeed, a sentence only becomes complete when it contains at least a subject and a verb. It is obvious from the foregoing explanations that subject-verb agreement is an agreement between the subject and the verb. Because the meaning of the sentence will be unclear without the subject and verb agreeing on each other, if the subject is singular, the verb is singular, and if the subject is plural, the verb is plural. However, Al Murshidi (2014) discovered that students are still perplexed when it comes to implementing subject-verb agreement rules, and that their lack of awareness of the target language's norms is the primary cause of written production errors. It is also worth noting that changing your syntax and writing rhythms to keep your reader engaged is a vital part of the writing process. All writing must adhere to sentence construction guidelines in order to be effective. The structure of written sentences is what sentence structure is defined as. To put it another way, sentence structure is how you build sentences since it establishes clear standards for how sentences should be constructed so that others may easily read and understand your writing while also providing a variety of impacts and intrigues for the readers (Janovsky, 2021). Similarly, May (2015) stated that sentence structure refers to how a person combines words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. Writers who do not vary their sentences use the same subject, length, and kind of sentence over and over again. The reader will become bored and their voices will become weak as a result of this repetition. It not only breathes new life into writing, but it also cuts down on repetition. Changing the structure of one's sentences will keep the reader engaged and give your work a rhythm. It must be noted also that sentence structure dictates how the many parts of a sentence are placed together, from punctuation to word order. There are many more factors to consider in order to create correctly and clearly formed sentences, in addition to following basic word order guidelines. It's not just about grammar; it's also about style and flow. A range of sentence lengths and styles are used in effective academic writing. Overly long phrases can be confusing for readers, while too many short sentences might make your work feel jagged and fragmented (Bryson, 2020). In addition, sentence fragments never have independent clauses, but instead are dependent clauses or phrases. Fragments can masquerade as real sentences because they begin with a capital letter and end with a period. If this would be read more closely, it would be seen that fragments do not form a complete thought. It is a little like having only half of the pieces to a puzzle. Without all the components, the entire picture would be impossible to complete (Firestone & Betts, 2021). Because a sentence fragment can be misleading to the reader, it is usually better to resolve it by either adding what's missing from the sentence or attaching it to another sentence. Although commonly thought to be a grammatical error, sentence fragments can be utilized to add more meaning to words or to convey a distinct tone. However, sentence fragments should always be checked to ensure that they do not need to be altered in order to convey a whole notion (Betts, 2020).
