CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
INDIO BUILDERS
•
•
Content themselves to be called mere Maestro
de Obras (Master Builders) due to social
prejudeice constraints.
Master Builders equivalent to Construction
Foreman.
THE WALLED CITY OF INTRAMUROS
•
•
•
•
Established by Spaniards in 1521
Area= 0.67 sq. km. chosen between Manila Bay and the
Pasig River
Spaniards political and military base in Asia.
Where only the nation’s most powerful clans (mostly from
Spanish descent) could settle.
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Civil Engineering, as practiced in the Philippines during the Spanish era, was
not by virtue of an academic title. There were no civil engineering schools in
the country at that time and the only architects/engineers with academic
degrees were Spaniards.
Social prejudice constrained the repressed indio builders to content
themselves to be called mere Maestro de Obras (Master Builders) even if
they could design and build any type of structure that technology could allow
at that time.
Master Builders as of today were equivalent to Construction Foreman.
The walled city in Intramuros was established by the Spaniards in 1521 on 0.67 square km
of land strategically chosen between Manila Bay and the Pasig River. Its purpose? To be the
Spaniard’s political and military base in Asia. Grand administrative establishments, as well
as religious and educational institutions, thrived within Intramuros, where only the nation’s
most powerful clans (mostly from Spanish descent) could settle.
The Friar Architects/Engineers during that time were the ones who built the government
buildings, bridges, residential and other structures, incorporated European standards in
engineering and architectural installations.
prepared by: Krichelle Maureen Gaerlan
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGAZPI
• Founded the city of manila on June 24, 1571
FORT SANTIAGO(Fuerte de Santiago)
• Spaniards started to build the fort after the
establishment of city of Manila under Spanish
rule.
FRANCISCAN ORDER, 1577
• Construction of wood and cane churches that
succumbed natural catastrophes.
FRANCISCAN ORDER, 1733
• Construction of stone church financed by the
public charity
• Became one of richest in Intramuros.
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Miguel Lopez de Legaspi founded the City of Manila on June 24, 1571 The
Spaniards started building Fort Santiago (Fuerte de Santiago) after the
establishment of the city of Manila under Spanish rule on June 24, 1571.
With the arrival of the Franciscan Order to Manila in 1577, they began with construction of
wood and cane churches that succumbed to natural catastrophes. In 1739 they
constructed a stone church that was financed by the public charity and became one of
richest in Intramuros.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
ST. AUGUSTINE CHURCH, 1599
• Oldest stone church in the Philippines.
Philippines
SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH, 1621
• Don Bernardino Castillo donated his lot as
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present site of the church.
St. Augustine Church is the oldest stone church in the Philippines. It was built
in 1599: however, it was also destroyed and rebuilt many times. It is an
immense structure of thick walls of Corinthian and Ionic designs.
In 1621, Don Bernardino Castillo, a generous patron and a well-known
devotee of St. Sebastian. Patron of Archers, donated his lot, which is now the
present site of the San Sebastian Church. The original church, which was
made of wood, was burned in 1851 during a Chinese uprising. The succeeding
structures were destroyed twice by fire and an earthquake in 1859. 1883. and
1880 respectively.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
PUENTE GRANDE, 1632
• Erected across the grand Rio del Pasig.
• Wooden bridge connects Intramuros and Binondo
together.
• Renamed to Puente de Espatia in
1875(Widening its spans to masonry of six and two
central houses, which accommodate pedestrians,
vehicles, horse, carabao, carts carriages, tranvia).
• Later replaced as JONES Bridge in 1930,
neo-classical designed by Juan Arellano .
4
Puente Grande was the first bridge erected across the grand Rio del Pasig.
Built in 1632, this wooden bridge connects Intramuros and Binondo together,
making it easier and relatively faster to travel from one end to the other.
It underwent several reconstructions and renovations as it was always heavily
damaged by earthquakes. After the 1883 earthquake.
Puente Grande was renamed to Puente de Espatia. The bridge was replaced
in 1875 widening its spans to masonry of six and two central houses. It can
accommodate both pedestrians and vehicles including horse or carabao
drawn carts and carriages, and tranvia.
This bridge was replaced for the last time with a neo-classical design by Juan
Arellano in the 1930s and was called the Jones Bridge.
prepared by: Krichelle Maureen Gaerlan
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
PUENTE GRANDE, 1632
• Erected across the grand Rio del Pasig.
• Wooden bridge connects Intramuros and Binondo
together.
• Renamed to Puente de Espatia in
1875(Widening its spans to masonry of six and two
central houses, which accommodate pedestrians,
vehicles, horse, carabao, carts carriages, tranvia).
• Later replaced as JONES Bridge in 1930,
neo-classical designed by Juan Arellano .
5
Puente Grande was the first bridge erected across the grand Rio del Pasig.
Built in 1632, this wooden bridge connects Intramuros and Binondo together,
making it easier and relatively faster to travel from one end to the other.
It underwent several reconstructions and renovations as it was always heavily
damaged by earthquakes. After the 1883 earthquake.
Puente Grande was renamed to Puente de Espatia. The bridge was replaced
in 1875 widening its spans to masonry of six and two central houses. It can
accommodate both pedestrians and vehicles including horse or carabao
drawn carts and carriages, and tranvia.
This bridge was replaced for the last time with a neo-classical design by Juan
Arellano in the 1930s and was called the Jones Bridge.
prepared by: Krichelle Maureen Gaerlan
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
FR. MANUEL CAMANES
• Built the first artesian well in Bells, Pampanga.
FR. JUAN PEGERO, 1686
• Constructed the water system in Manila (now
MWSS, Metropolitan Waterworks Sewerage
System) which had its beginning from the water
works.
FR. JOSE DELGADO
Carrideo Fountain, San Miguel, Manila
• Constructed the first irrigation system built in Tanay,
Rizal.
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The first artesian wells were built in Bells, Pampanga by Fr. Manuel Camanes.
The water system in Manila (now MWSS) had its beginning from the water
works
constructed by Fr. Juan Peguero in 1686. The first irrigation system was
constructed
in Tanay, Rizal by Fr. Jose Delgado.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
PASIG RIVER LIGHTHOUSE, “FAROLASpanish for lighthouse”
• Was the first lighthouse (masonry-built).
• First lighted on 1846, deactivated on 1992.
• Then located on the north jetty at the mouth of Pasig
River, (San Nicolas, Manila) marking the entrance to
the river for vessels around Manila Bay
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The Pasig River Light House was the first lighthouse (masonry-built) erected in
the Philippines. It was first lighted on 1846 and deactivated on 1992. It was
then located on the north jetty at the mouth of Pasig River, (San Nicolas,
Manila) marking the entrance to the river for vessels around Manila Bay,
looking to dock on the ports along the banks of the river in Manila.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
PUENTE COLGANTE, Spanish for suspension bridge”,
1852
• First suspension bridge built in souetheast asia.
• Built and owned by Ynchaustiy Compaiiia, the
business headed by Jose Joaquin de Ynchausti.
• The bridge was first named Puente de Claveria to
honor Governor-General Narciso Claveria.
• Two-laned 110m long and 7m wide bridge.
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Puente Colgante (which is the term for a suspension bridge in Spanish:
literally. hanging bridge) was the first suspension bridge built in Southeast
Asia when
it was started in 1849 and completed in 1852. It was built and owned by
Ynchausti
y Compaiiia, the business headed by Jose Joaquin de Ynchausti.
The bridge was first named Puente de Claveria, likely in honor of the
Governor-General of the Philippines Narciso Claveria, who served from 18441849.
The suspension bridge measured 110 metres (360 ft) long and 7 metres (23
ft) wide, and had two lanes that allowed passage of horses and carabaodrawn
carriages. It was also opened for pedestrians traveling on foot between
Quiapo and
Intramuros and nearby areas.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
Bureau of Public Works and Highways (Obras Publicas),
and Bureau of Communications and Transportation
(Communicationes y Meteologia), 1868
• Were organized under a civil engineer known as
“Director General”
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It was in 1868 when the Bureau of Public Works and Highways (Obras
Publicas) and Bureau of Communications and Transportation
(Communicationes y Meteologia) were organized under a civil engineer
known as 'Director General'.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
1901
• Highways. bridges. schools. hospitals. and
government buildings steadily transformed the
Philippine landscape.
• The introduction of reinforced concrete and its
use in the construction of the Masonic Temple or
Grand Lodge of the Philippines.
LICEO DE MANILA
• Private institution offering academic course for
maestro de obras and headed by Leon Ma.
Guerrero.
• Forerunner of formal education in architecture/
engineering.
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The coming of the Americans brought about drastic changes in our
engineering culture. The new colonizers pursued -benevolent' policies that
focused on English education. public health. free enterprise. and
representative governance thus bringing with them were military engineers.
Thomasite teachers. doctors and evangelist.
Under the civil government established in July. 1901. such 'assimilation“
manifested itself physically in the form of infrastructures. Highways. bridges.
schools. hospitals. and government buildings steadily transformed the
Philippine landscape.
Foundation of the Liceo de Manila. a private institution offering academic course for
maestro de obras and headed by Leon Ma. Guerrero. The first private school to offer an
academic title for Maestro de Obras. (the forerunner of formal education in
architecture/engineering)
The introduction of reinforced concrete in the Philippines was in the 1900s and its use in
the construction of the Masonic Temple (Grand Lodge of the Philippines). the first multistructure in Escotta. Manila.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
TRANSPORTATION
• Philippines was depended largely on trails,
waterways, railroad, earth roads and partiallygravelled roads.
• The popular Macadam road type was introduced.
The Faculty of Engineering of the University
of Santo Tomas (UST)
• Oldest engineering school in the Philippines,
established on May 18, 1907, as School of Civil
Engineering with Masteral degree program offer.
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Transportation in the Philippines was depended largely on trails, waterways,
railroad, earth roads and partially-gravelled roads. Highway in the Philippines
at that time is nothing more than a dream to most Filipinos.
The US government initiated the development of roadways in the Philippines
connecting towns. cities and provinces. The popular Macadam road type was
introduced. It gained acceptance because of abundant supply of stones and
gravel.
The Faculty of Engineering of the University of Santo Tomas (UST) is the oldest
engineering school in the Philippines. It was established on May 18, 1907, as
School of Civil Engineering with one program offering leading to the degree of
Master of Science in Civil Engineering (MSCE).
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
WAWA DAM(also known as Montalban
Dam), 1909
• Gravity dam constructed over
the Marikina River in the municipality of
Rodriguez in Rizal province.
• Situated in the 360-metre (1,180 ft) high
Montalban Gorge or Wawa Gorge, a water gap
in the Sierra Madre Mountains, and east of
Manila.
• It used to be the only source of water for Manila
until Angat Dam was built.
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Wawa Dam (also known as Montalban Dam) is a gravity dam constructed over
the Marikina River in the municipality of Rodriguez in Rizal province.
Philippines.
The slightly arched dam is situated in the 360-metre (1,180 ft) high
Montalban Gorge
or Wawa Gorge, a water gap in the Sierra Madre Mountains, and east of
Manila. It
was built in 1909 during the American colonial era to provide the water needs
for
Metro Manila.
It used to be the only source of water for Manila until Angat Dam was built
and Wawa was abandoned. Due to insufficiency of water supply for Metro
Manila, there was a strong clamor to reuse the dam.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
CALIRAYA DAM, 1942
• Embankment dam located in the town of Lumban
province of Laguna, in the Sierra Madre
Mountain Range of the Philippines.
• Lake Caliraya, initially supplied one of the oldest
hydroelectric plants in the Philippines.
• Construction started in 1939, operated in 1942.
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The tides of war in the Pacific came in December 1941 and thereby
interrupted the normal operations of the schools and colleges. By order of the
President of the Philippines, all schools were closed. When the Japanese
forces entered Manila in January 1942, they occupied the College/School
buildings.
Caliraya Dam is an embankment dam located in the town of Lumban province
of Laguna, in the Sierra Madre Mountain Range of the Philippines. The
reservoir created by the dam.
Lake Caliraya, initially supplied one of the oldest hydroelectric plants in the
Philippines, and later became a popular recreational area for numerous water
sports and fishing.
The dam construction was started in 1939 and a small hydroelectric plant was
operated in 1942.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
AMBUKLAO DAM, 1956
• The highest and biggest in the Far East.
• Made of earth and rockfill which measures 129
meters in height and 452 meters in length.
• Gross storage capacity of the dam's reservoir is
327,170,000 cubic meters and it has a usable
storage capacity of 258,000,000 cubic meters.
• Construction began on July 1950 and opened on
December 23, 1956.
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The Ambuklao dam was the highest and biggest in the Far East. It is made of
earth and rockfill which measures 129 meters in height and 452 meters in
length. The elevation of its crest is 758 meters and the roadway that runs
through the top of the dam has an elevation of 756 meters.
Each spillway measures 12.5 meters by 12.5 meters and is 127 meters in
length. The gross storage capacity of the dam's reservoir is 327,170,000 cubic
meters and it has a usable storage capacity of 258,000,000 cubic meters.
The drainage area is 686 square kilometers and is 11 km long with a maximum width of
1 km. Construction began on July 1950 and opened on December 23, 1956.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
MANILA INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT(MIA), 1953-1961
• Exclusive use of international passengers at
the southwest intersection of the runways.
• Building of infrastructure dedicated to
international flights
The Association of Structural Engineers of the
Philippines (ASEP) was founded in 1961.
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The first thirteen years of the airport were marked by the building of
infrastructure dedicated to international flights. The international runway and
associated taxiway were built in 1953, and 1961 saw the completion of a
control tower and a terminal building for the exclusive use of international
passengers at the southwest intersection of the runways. This system came to
be officially known as the Manila International Airport (MIA).
The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) was
founded.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION, JUNE 1973
• President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Presidential Decree 223, regulating all
professions and accrediting only one organization to represent each
profession.
PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, DECEMBER 11, 1973
• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Registration Certificate
No.53896 to the PICE.
• first International convention was held in the Philippines on May 20 to 24, 1975
with the theme 'Civil Engineering in Disaster Prevention Control."
• August 13. 1975, PRC recognized PICE as the only official organization of CE
in the Philippines with Accreditation No. 007
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On June 1973. President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Presidential Decree 223,
creating the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) regulating all
professions and accrediting only one organization to represent each
profession.
On December 11, 1973, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued
Registration Certificate No.53896 to the PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL
ENGINEERS. INC. (PICE). This was the culmination and fulfilment of a vision to
merge two separate organizations of civil engineers in the country, the
Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) and the Philippine Association of
Civil Engineers (PACE).
The first International convention was held in the Philippines on May 20 to
24, 1975 with the theme 'Civil Engineering in Disaster Prevention Control."
(Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers)
On August 13. 1975, the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
recognized the PICE as the only official organization of civil engineers in the
Philippines with Accreditation No. 007
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CE OR
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
ENGR. CESAR CALIWARA, FEBRUARY 1974
• First president of PICE.
Department of Public Highways(DPH), JULY 1, 1974
• Bureau of Public Highways (BPH) was expanded as The Department
of Public Highways
PD 1096, otherwise known as the National
Building Code of the Philippines, FEBRUARY 19, 1977
• Signed by then and its Implementing Rules and
Regulations (‘IRR’)
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On February 1974, the first election of officers of PICE was held and Engr.
Cesar Caliwara became its first president. In order to truly unite the civil
engineers of the Philippines, provincial chapters were organized.
Bureau of Public Highways (BPH) was expanded as The Department of Public
Highways (DPH)
The former Bureau of Public Highways was expanded and restructured into
the Department of Public Highways (DPH) for a more effective administration
of the country's highway system through Administrative Order No. 2, dated
July 1, 1974.
PD 1096, otherwise known as the National Building Code of the Philippines
(the 'NBCP") signed by then Pres. Ferdinand Marcos on 19 February 1977 and
its
Implementing Rules and Regulations ('IRR’).
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
PANTABANGAB DAM, 1977
• earth-fill embankment dam on the Pampanga River located in
Pantabangan in Nueva Ecija province.
• Provides water for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation
while its reservoir Pantabangan Lake affords flood control.
• One of the largest in Southeast Asia and also one of the cleanest
in the Philippines.
• Construction on the dam began in 1971 and it was completed in
1977
MAGAT DAM, 1983
• Rock-fill dam with a height of 114 meters and length of
4.160 meters
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Pantabangan Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Pampanga River
located in Pantabangan in Nueva Ecija province of the Philippines. The
multipurpose dam provides water for irrigation and hydroelectric power
generation while its reservoir. Pantabangan Lake, affords flood control.
The Reservoir one of the largest in Southeast Asia and also one of the
cleanest in the Philippines.
Construction on the dam began in 1971 and it was completed in 1977.
The Magat Dam was constructed in 1978 and inaugurated by the Late Pres. Ferdinand E.
Marcos on October 27. 1982 and started operations in 1983. It was a Rock-fill dam
with a height of 114 meters and length of 4. 160 meters.
It was Southeast Asia's first large multipurpose dam. The dam is pad of the
Magat River Multipurpose Project (MRMP) which was financed by the World
Bank and whose purpose is to improve on the existing Magat River Irrigation
System (MARIS) and to triple the production of rice in the Cagayan River
basin.
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CE OR
CIVIL ENGINEERING HISTORY in the
Philippines
CALCULATORS, 1980
• More efficient calculations leaving the old slide rule behind
RURAL WATERWORKS DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, 1980
• Responsible for water supply
LIGHT RAILWAY TRANSIT AUTHORITY, JULY 2, 1980
• Government agency determining policies, to the regulation and fixing of fares, and to the
planning of extensions to the system.
• Project was called Metrorail.
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The increase of handheld calculators revolutionized engineering, with faster
and more efficient calculations leaving the old slide rule behind.
In 1980 President Marcos founded the Rural Waterworks Development
Corporation (RWDC), responsible for water supply.
On July 12, 1980, the country's president. Ferdinand E. Marcos, created the
Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) as a government agency. This LRTA confined
its activities to determining policies, to the regulation and fixing of fares, and
to the planning of extensions to the system.
The project was called Metrorail and was operated by a sister company of the
former tramway company Meralco called Metro, Inc.
That’s it. Here ends our presentation regarding the history of CE in the
Philippines.
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