The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 5 7 0 W O R D S Y O U N E E D T O K N O W The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know 1 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List An Introduction to the Academic Word Family List This is a list of 570 words you need to know if you want to understand the text in the reading and lectures in the listening passage. This list is not exclusive to the TOEFL, but is rather a copy of the original Academic Word List (AWL). The Academic Word List (AWL) was first developed by noted linguist Averil Coxhead in 2001. She compiled a corpus of academic journals and texts across various disciplines and cross-checked each work to find some of the most common academic vocabulary. In the end, she published the Academic Word List (AWL), a concise catalog of the 570 most common words in academic English. No matter what the subject, you can expect to encounter these 570 words. The TOEFL is designed to measure whether you are prepared to enter a North American university. The reading texts and listening passages are a reflection of the type of material you can expect to encounter in a freshman-level course. If you need to improve your vocabulary for the TOEFL, particularly for the reading section, this list will be a tremendous help. About the List This is a variation of the AWL. We refer to this list as the Academic Word Family List. Not only do we include each of the headwords listed in the AWL, but we also show its variations. Here’s an example below: All words in each row are connected to the meaning of the headword. So, if you know that abstract means existing in thought as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence than you know that other words like abstraction or abstractly should be somewhat connected to the original meaning of abstract. Words are not islands, they are part of a larger family. The goal of this list is to not only expand your vocabulary but show you that when you learn one word, you learn all the forms of that one word. 2 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know A word of caution, do NOT study every word in each word family. Instead, only focus on understanding the meaning of the headword. If you know the headword, then you can make an accurate guess of the meaning of its variations. A Few Notes Here are a few things to consider before you get started studying the Academic Word Family List. 1. All word variations must correspond to the original meaning of the headword. So, for example, the word conduct. I assumed that the meaning of conduct was related to the manner in which a person behaves. However, conduct also means to transmit energy, usually in the form of electricity. Words like conduction and conductivity were not included in this instance because the meaning did not correspond to the original headword. ***The only exception to this was the suffixes -ism and -ist, which alone carry almost the same meaning when added to any word. -ist usually implies a believer in a school of thought and -ism usually means a school of thought. Also, both of these suffixes make a noun. 2. Most of the variants include a bound derivational suffix added to the end. Some suffixes with similar endings and meanings were shortened and lumped together since the aim of this chart is to provide students with the most important suffixes that convey a meaning or part of speech. Here are a few examples: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● -ical → -al (a problem, -al also is a noun form) -ier → -er -ary, -ery → -ry (a problem because -ary and -ery two separate meanings) -ization, -cation → -tion -ologist → -ist -acy → -cy -ically → -ly -eous, -ious → -ous -al ( noun) - action or process -al, -ial, -ical (adj.) - characterized by, related to -ery, -ry - noun place, condition, practice, quality -ary - also noun, person or thing belonging to -acy, -cy (noun) - state, condition, quality 3 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know 3. Words that contained a bound derivational suffix, but contained a variant spelling were not underlined. ● ● resoluble - spelled differently than -able, -ible analyst - spelled differently than -ist 4. Free morphemes and inflectional morphemes were excluded from this list. 5. This is meant for students to see a connection between separate words. Over time, as you continue to interact with and read through this list, you will begin to recognize patterns in the bound morphemes. 4 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know The Academic Word Family List WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE abandon (v./n.) abandonment abandoned abstract (adj./v./n.) abstraction, abstractor, abstractionism, abstractionist abstracted abstractedly, abstractly academy (n.) academics, academism, academia, academicism, academician academical, academic academically access (n./v.) accessibility accessible accessibly accommodate (v.) accommodation, accommodationist accommodative, accommodating accommodatingly accompany (v.) accompaniment, accompanist accompanying accumulate (v.) accumulation accumulator accumulative accurate (adj.) accuracy accurate achieve (v.) achievement, achiever achievable acknowledge (v.) acknowledgment acknowledgeable, acknowledged acquire (v.) acquisition, acquisitiveness, acquirement, acquirer, acquiree acquisitive, acquirable acquisitively adapt (v.) adaptability, adaptation, adapter, adaption, adaptationism, adaptationist, adaptivity adaptable, adaptive adaptively, adaptably adequate (adj.) adjacent (adj.) ADVERB accurately adequately adjacency 5 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE adjust (v.) adjuster, adjustment, adjustability adjustable administrate (v.) administer, administrator, administration administrative, administrable adult (n/adj.) adulthood, adultness advocate (v./n.) advocacy, advocation, advocateship affect (v.) affectation, affection, affectlessness, affectedness, affectivity affected, affecting, affectionate, affective, affectional, affectless aggregate (n./v./adj. aggregation, aggregator aggregative aid (n./v) aide ADVERB administratively adultly affectingly, affectionately, affectively, affectedly albeit (conjunction) allocate (v.) allocation, allocator allocable, allocative alter (v.) alteration, alternate, alternation, alternator, alterity, alternant, alternative alternative, alterable, altered, alternant alternative (adj.) alternately, alternatively alternatively ambiguous (adj.) ambiguousness, ambiguity amend (v.) amendment, amender amendable analogue analogous, analogical, analogic analogically, analogously analysis, analyst, analyzer, analytics analytical, analyzable, analytic analytically annualized annually analogy (n.) analyze (v.) analogize annual (adj.) anticipate (v.) anticipation, anticipator, anticipative ambiguously anticipatory 6 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE apparent (adj.) ADVERB apparently appreciate (v.) appreciable, appreciation, appreciator, appreciativeness appreciatory, appreciative approach (v./n.) approachableness, approachability approaching, approachable appropriate (adj.) appropriacy, appropriator, appropriateness, appropriation, appropriationist appropriated appropriately approximate (v./adj.) approximation approximative approximately arbitrary (adj.) arbitrariness appreciably, appreciatively arbitrarily area (n.) areal aspect (n.) aspectual assemble (v.) assembly, assemblage, assembler assess (v.) assessment, assessor assessable assign (v.) assignment, assignee, assigner, assignation assignable assist (v.) assistance, assister, assistantship assistive assume (v.) assumption assumable, assumptive assure (v.) assurance, assuredness, assurer attach (v.) attachment assumedly assuredly attachable, attached 7 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE attainment, attainability attainable attitudinizer attitudinal attitudinally attribute (v./n.) attribution attributable, attributive, attributional attributively author (v./n.) authorship, authoress authorial authority (n.) authorize authorization, authoritarian, authoritarianism, authoritativeness authoritative authoritatively automatize automation, automaticity, automatics, automatism, automation, automatic automated, automatic automatically beneficial, beneficent beneficently, beneficially attain (v.) attitude (n.) automate (v.) attitudinize available (adj.) availability aware (adj.) awareness ADVERB behalf (n.) beneficiary, beneficence benefit (v./n.) bias (v./n.) biased bond (v./n.) bonded brief (adj./v./n.) briefing, briefer, brevity bulk (n.) bulkiness capable (adj.) capacitate cease (v.) bulky capability, capacitation capacity (n.) category (n.) briefly bulkily capably capacitive categorize categorization categorial, categoric, categorical categorically ceaseless ceaselessly 8 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB challenge (v./n) challenger challenging, challenged, challengeable challengingly channel (v./n.) channeler chapter (n.) chart (v./n.) charter chemical (n./adj.) circumstance (n.) chemically circumstantiate cite (v.) civil (adj.) civilize circumstanced, circumstantial citation citable civilizer, civility, civilization circumstantially civilly clarification, clarity, clarifier clarify (v.) classic (adj./n.) circumstantiality, circumstantiation classicize classical, classicalism, classicality, classicist clause (n.) classical clausal code (n.v.) coder, coding coded coherent (adj.) coherence, coherency coincide (v.) coincidence coincident, coincidental collapse (v./n.) collapsibility collapsible coherently coincidentally, coincidently colleague (n.) commence (v.) comment (n./v.) commencement commentate commentary, commentator, commenter commission (n./v.) commissioner commit (v.) commitment, committer commentative committed, committable 9 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN commodity (n.) commodify, commoditize commodification, commoditization communicate (v.) communication, communicability, communicativeness, communicator community (n.) communitarian, communitarianism compatible (adj.) compatibility compensate (v.) compensation, compensator compile (v.) compilation, compiler complement (n./v.) complementariness, complementation, complementarity complex (n./adj.) complexity component (n./adj.) componentize ADJECTIVE ADVERB communicable, communicative, communicational, communicatory communicably, communicatively compatibly compensatory, compensative, compensational, compensable complementary, complemental complementarily complexly componentry compound (n./v./adj.) compounder comprehensive (adj.) comprehensiveness compoundable comprehensively comprise (v.) computer, computation, computing, computability, computerization, computerist computable, computational computationally conceive (v.) conceivability conceivable conceivably concentrate (v.) concentration, concentrator concentrative, concentrated concentratedly concept (n.) conception, conceptualization, conceptualism, conceptualist conceptual, conceptional, conceptive conceptually compute (v.) computerize conceptualize 10 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB conclude (v.) conclusion, conclusiveness conclusive, concluding conclusively concurrent (adj.) concurrence, concurrency conduct (n./v.) conductibility, conductor conductible confer (v.) conference, conferee, conferment, conferral conferrable confine (v.) confinement confined confirm (v.) confirmation confirmatory, confirmative, confirmed concurrently conflictual, conflicting conflict (n./v.) conform (v.) conformation, conformist, conformity, conformability, conformance, conformer, conformism conformable, conformal, conformational conformably, conformally consent (n./v.) consensus consensual consensually consequent (adj.) consequentialism, consequentialist, consequentiality, consequence consequential consequently, consequentially considerable (adj.) considerably consist (v.) consistency, consistence consistent consistently constant (adj./n.) constancy constitute (v.) constituency, constituent, constitution constitutional, constitutive, constituent constitutionally, constitutively constrain (v.) constraint constrained constrainedly construct (v./n.) construction, constructor, constructiveness, constructivism, constructivist constructive, constructional constructionally, constructively constantly 11 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE consult (v.) consultant, consultancy, consultation, consultee consultative, consulting consume (v.) consumer, consumption, consumerism, consumerist consumable, consumeristic, consuming contact (v./n./adj.) contactee contactable, contactless contemporary (adj./n.) contemporariness, contemporaneity, contemporaneousness contemporaneous contemporarily, contemporaneously context (n.) contextualization, contextualism, contextualist, contexture contextual contextually contract (v./n.) contractor, contractee contractable, contractual, contractive contractually contradict (v.) contradiction, contradictor, contradictoriness contradictory contradictorily contrary (n./adj.) contrarianism, contrarian, contrariness, contrariety contextualize consumingly contrarily contrasting, contrastive, contrasty contrast (n./v.) ADVERB contribute (v.) contributor, contribution contributive, contributory controversy (n.) controversialist, controversiality controversial convene (v.) convention, convener converse (v.) conversion, conversation, converser, conversancy, conversance, conversationalist contrastingly controversially conventional conversational, conversant conversely, conversationally, 12 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB convert (v.) converter, convertibility convinced, convincing, convincible convincingly cooperate (v.) cooperation, cooperant, cooperator, cooperativeness cooperative cooperatively coordinate (v./n./adj.) coordination, coordinator coordinative core (v./n./adj.) corer corporate (adj.) corporation, corporatization, corporatism, corporatist, corporativism, corporativist corporative corporately correspond (v.) correspondence, correspondent corresponding correspondingly couple (v./n.) coupledom, coupler create (v.) creation, creativity, creator, creationism, creationist, creativeness creative, creatable creatively credit (v./n.) creditor, creditability creditable creditably corporatize criteria (n.) crucial (adj.) criterial cruciality culture (n.) crucially cultural culturally cyclist cyclic, cyclical cyclically debater debatable debatably currency (n.) cycle (v./n.) data (n.) debate (v./n.) decade (n.) decline (v./n.) decadal decliner declinable 13 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB deduce (v.) deduction deducible, deductive deductively define (v.) definition, definer definitive, definable, definitional definitionally definite (adj.) definiteness demonstrate (v.) demonstration, demonstrator, demonstrability, demonstrativeness demonstrable, demonstrative, demonstrational demonstrably, demonstratively deny (v.) denial, deniability, denialism, denialist, denier deniable deniably denote (v.) denotation denotational, denotative depress (v.) depression, depressant depressive, depressible, depressed, depressing, depressant depressingly, depressive derive (v.) derivation, derivate, derivative derivative, derivable, derivational derivatively design (v./n.) designer despite (prep.) definitely designedly despiteful detect (v.) detection, detector detectable detectably deviate (v.) deviation, deviator, deviationism, deviationist deviational devote (v.) devotion, devotedness, devotee devoted, devotional devotionally, devotedly differentiate (v.) differentiator, differentiation, differential differentiable, different differentially device (n.) dimension (n.) dimensional, dimensionless 14 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB diminish (v.) diminution, diminutiveness diminishable, diminished, diminutive diminutively discrete (adj.) discretion, discreteness discretionary, discretional discreetly discriminate (v.) discrimination, discriminability, discriminant, discriminator discriminable, discriminating, discriminative, discriminatory discriminably, discriminately, discriminatingly displace (v.) displacement, displacer display (v./n.) displayer displayed dispose (v.) disposer, disposability disposal, disposable, disposed distinct (adj.) distinction, distinctness distinctive distortedness, distortion distorted, distortional, distortionless distribution, distributary, distributor distributive, distributable, distributional distributively diversity, diversification, diversion diversionary diversely documentation, documentalist, documentarian, documentarist, documentary documentable, documental, documentati domestication, domesticity domesticated, domesticable domestically dominance, dominancy, dominator, domination dominant dominantly distort (v.) distribute (v.) diverse (adj.) diversify document (v./n.) distinctly, distinctively distortedly domain (n.) domestic (adj.) dominate (v.) domesticate 15 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB draft (v./n./adj.) drama (n.) NOUN ADVERB dramatic dramatically drafter dramatize dramatist, dramatics, dramatization duration (n.) dynamic (adj./n.) ADJECTIVE durational dynamize dynamicist, dynamics, dynamist, dynamization, dynamism dynamical dynamical economical, economic economically economy (n.) economize economics, economist, economizer, economization, economist edit (v.) editorialize edition, editor, editorialist, editorship, editorial editorial, editable editorially element (n.) elementalism, elementariness elemental elementally, elementarily eliminate (v.) elimination, eliminator, eliminationism, eliminationist emerge (v.) emergence emphasis (n.) emphasize eliminable, eliminatory emergent, emerging emphatic emphatically empirical (adj.) empiricism, empiricist empirically enable (v.) enablement, enabler enabling energetics, energizer energetic energetically enforced, enforceable enforcedly encounter (v./n.) energy (n.) energize enforce (v.) enforcement, enforceability, enforcer enhance (v.) enhancement, enhancer enhanced 16 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE enormity, enormousness enormous (adj.) ADVERB enormously ensure (v.) entity (n.) environment (n.) environmentalist, environmentalism environmental equate (v.) equation equatable, equational equip (v.) equipment, equipage, equipper equivalent (adj./n.) equivalence, equivalency erode (v.) erosion erodible, erosional, erosive error (n.) erroneousness erroneous, errorless establish (v.) establishment, establisher, establishmentarian, establishmentarianism environmentally equivalently erroneously established estate (n.) estimate (v./n) ethic (n.) ethicize estimation estimative ethicality, ethics, ethicist ethical ethnic (n./adj.) ethnicity evaluate (v.) evaluation, evaluator eventual (adj.) eventuate ethically evaluative eventuality, eventuation eventually evident (adj.) evidence, evidentiality evidential evidently, evidentially evolve (v.) evolution, evolutionist, evolutionism, evolvement evolutionary, evolutional, evolutive, evolvable evolutionally, evolutionarily 17 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB exceed (v.) exceedance exceeding exceedingly exclude (v.) exclusion, excluder, exclusionist, exclusiveness, exclusivism, exclusivist, exclusivity exhibit (v./n.) exhibition, exhibitioner, exhibitionism, exhibition, exhibitionist, exhibitor expand (v.) expansion, expansionism, expandability, expander, expansibility expert (n./adj.) VERB expertize exclusive, excludable, exclusionary exhibitionistic exclusively exhibitionistically expansive, expandable, expansible, expanded expertize expertly explicit (adj.) explicitness explicitly exploit (v.) exploitation, exploiter exploitable, exploitative export (v./n.) exporter, exportability, exportation exportable exposure, exposer, exposition, expositor expose (v.) external (adj.) externalize exposed, expositional, expository externalization, externalism, externalist, externality externally extract (v./n.) extraction, extractability, extractive, extractor extractable facilitate (v.) facilitator, facility, facilitation facilitative, facilitatory factor (v./n.) factorable feature (v./n.) featureless, featured 18 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB federalize, federate federation, federacy, federalization, federalism, federalist, federationist federative federally filer filing finality, finale, finalization, finalism, finalist finalistic finally finance (v./n.) financier, financialization financial financially finite (adj.) finiteness, finitism, finitist, finitude flexible (adj.) flexibility, flexility, flexion, flexitarian, flexor, flexuosity, flexure flexile, flexuous, flexural fluctuate (v.) fluctuation fluctuant focus (v./n.) focuser focused format (v./n.) formation formational, formative formatively formulate, formularize formulable, formulaic formulable, formulaic federal (adj.) fee (n.) file (v./n.) final (adj./n.) formula (n.) forthcoming (adj.) finalize formulate, formularize finitely forthcomingness foundation (n.) foundational founder, foundress founding function (v./n.) functionalism, functionalist, functionality, functionary functional, functionless fund (v./n.) funding, funder found (v.) flexibly, flexuously framework (n.) functionally 19 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE fundamentality, fundamentalism, fundamentalist fundamental (adj.) ADVERB fundamentally furthermore genderless, gendered gender (n.) generativity, generator generate (v.) generation (n.) globe (n.) globalize globalization, globalizer, globalism, globalist, globoid (n./ adj.) generable, generative generational generationally globose globally goal (n.) goalwards grade (v./n.) grader graded grant (v./n.) grantee, grantor grantable, granted guarantee (v./n.) guarantor guideline (n.) hence (adv.) hierarchy (n.) hierarchize highlight (v.) hypothesis (n.) hierarchization, hierarch hierarchical, hierarchic hierarchically highlighter hypothesize hypothesist, hypothesizer hypothetical identical (adj.) identically identify (v.) identification, identity, identifier identifiable identifiably ideology (n.) ideologist, ideologue ideological ideologically ignorer ignorant, ignorable ignorantly illustrate (v.) illustration, illustrative, illustrator illustrated, illustrational illustratively image (n.) imagery, image imageless ignorance (n.) ignore 20 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN immigrate (v.) immigrant, immigration impact (v./n.) impaction, impactor implement (v./n.) implementer, implementation implicate(v.) implication, implicature implicit (adj.) implicitness imply (v.) ADJECTIVE ADVERB impacted, impactful, impactive implicational, implicatory, implicative implicatively implicitly implied impliedly imposition imposing imposingly incidence (n.) incident incident incidentally incidentally inclination, incliner inclinable incorporate (v.) incorporator, incorporation incorporated, incorporative index (v./n.) indexation, indexer indexable, indexible, indexical indicate (v.) indication, indicative, indicator indicatory indicatively individualism, individualist, individuality, individualization, individuation individualistic individually, individualistically induce (v.) induction, inducer, inducement inducible inevitable (adj.) inevitability infer (v.) inference impose (v.) incentive (n.) incentivize income (n.) individual (adj./n.) infrastructure (n.) individualize, individuate inevitably inferable, inferential inferentially infrastructural 21 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB inherent (adj.) inherence inhibit (v.) inhibition, inhibitor inhibitory, inhibitive, inhibited initialization, initialism initiative initiate (v.) initiation, initiator initiatory injure (v.) injury, injurer, injuriousness injured, injurious injuriously innovate (v.) innovation, innovator, innovativeness innovative, innovatory, innovational innovatively input (v./n.) inputter insert (v.) insertion, inserter initial (adj.) initialize insight (n.) inherently initially insertable insightful insightfully inspection, inspector, inspectorate, inspectorship inspectorial institution, institutionalism, institutionalization, institutor institutional, institutionalized institutionally instruct (v.) instruction, instructor, instructiveness, instructorship, instructress instructive, instructional instructively integral (adj.) integrality integrate (v.) integration, integrability, integration, integrationist, integrators inspect (v.) instance (v./n.) institute (v./n.) institutionalize integrally integrated, integrative, integrable, integrating integrity (n.) 22 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE intelligence (n.) intelligence, intelligencer, intelligentsia intelligential, intelligent intense (adj.) intensity, intenseness, intenser, intensification, intensifier intensive intensely interaction, interactant, interactionism, interactionist, interactivity interactive, interactional interactively intensify interact (v.) intermediacy, intermediateness, intermediation, intermediator, intermediary intermediate (adj.) internal (adj.) interpret (v.) internalize interval (n.) intervene (v.) intermediately internality, internalization interpretation, interpretability, interpreter internally interpretative, interpretive, interpretable, interpretational interpretatively intervallic intervention, intervener, interventionism, interventionist intervening, interventional, intervenient intrinsic (adj.) invest (v.) ADVERB intrinsically investor, investment, investiture investable, investible investigative, investigable, investigatory, investigational investigate (v.) investigation, investigator invoke (v.) invoker, invocation invocatory involve (v.) involvement involved 23 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD NOUN ADJECTIVE isolate (v.) isolation, isolationism, isolator, isolationist isolated, isolable, isolatable, isolating issue (v./n.) issuance, issuer issuable, issueless item (n.) VERB itemize job (n.) ADVERB itemization, itemizer joblessness jobless journalese, journalism, journalist journalistic journalistically justify (v) justification, justifiability, justifiableness, justifier justifiable, justified, justificatory justifiably label (v./n.) labeler labor (v./n.) laborer, laborious, laboriousness, laborism, laborist labored laboriously journal (n./v.) journalize layer (v./n.) layering lecture (v./n.) legal (adj.) lecturer, lectureship legalize legality, legalese, legalization, legalism, legalist legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature legislate (v.) levy (v./n.) liberal (adj./n.) license (n./v.) legalistic legalistically, legally legislatively leviable liberalize, liberate liberalism, liberalization, liberalness, liberalizer, liberalist, liberality liberated, liberalistic licenser, licensee, licensure licensed, licensable linkage, linkability, linker linkable, linking liberally likewise (adv.) link (v./n.) 24 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE locate (v.) location, locator locatable, locational logic (n.) logician, logicality, logicism, logicist logical maintain (v.) maintenance, maintainability, maintainer maintainable major (v./n./adj.) majority, majoritarian, majoritarianism manipulate (v.) manipulation, manipulativeness, manipulator, manipulability ADVERB logically majorly manipulative, manipulatory, manipulable, manipulatable manual (adj./n.) manipulatively manually marginality, marginalia, marginalization, margination marginal, margined marginally mature (v./adj.) maturation, maturity maturational, maturative maturely maximize (v.) maximalism, maximalist, maximization, maximizer, maximum maximalism, maximalist, maximization, maximizer, maximum maximally mediator, mediacy, mediatory, medial, median, mediational, mediation medially, medianly, mediately medicalization, medicament, medication medicable, medicative medically mediumism, mediumship mediumistic margin (n.) mechanism (n.) marginalize, marginate mechanize mechanization, mechanizer media (n.) mediate (v.) medical (adj.) medium (adj./n.) mental (adj.) medicalize, medicate mentality, mentalism, mentalist mentalistic mentally 25 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD method (n.) VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB methodize methodology, methodization, methodizer, methodologist methodical, methodic, methodological methodically, methodologically migrant, migration, migrator migratory, migrational militaria, militariness, militarization, militaristic militarily, militaristically minimalism, minimalist minimalistic minimally ministerial ministerially migrate (v.) military (adj./n.) minimal (adj.) militarize minimalize minimization, minimizer minimize (v.) minimum (n.) ministry (n.) minister, ministership minor (adj.) minority mode (n.) modeler modeling modify (v.) modification, modifier modifiable, modificatory monitor (v.) monitorship monitory, monitorial motivation, motivator, motivity motive (n./adj.) motivate mutual (adj.) mutualize mutuality, mutualism, mutualist negate negation, negativeness, negativism, negativist, negativity, negative negate (v.) network (n./v.) networker motivated, motivational, motiveless motivationally mutualistic mutually, mutualistically negative, negatory, negativistic negatively networking, networkable 26 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD neutral (adj.) VERB NOUN neutralize neutrality, neutralization, neutralizer, neutralism, neutralist ADJECTIVE ADVERB neutrally nevertheless (adv.) nonetheless (adv.) normativeness, normativity norm (n.) normal (adj.) normalize notion (n.) normative normatively normality, normalcy, normalization, normalizer normally notional notionally notwithstanding (prep) nuclear (adj.) objectiveness, objectivization, objectivism, objectivist, objectivity objectivistic obtain (v.) obtainer, obtainment, obtainability obtainable obvious (adj.) obviousness occupy (v.) occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupier occupational, occupied occur (v.) occurrence occurrent odd (adj.) odds, oddness, oddity, oddment oddish oddly optionally objective (n./adj.) objectivize objectively obviously occupationally offset (v.) ongoing (adj.) ongoingness option (n.) optionality optional orientation, orienteer oriented, orientational orient (v.) orientate 27 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB outcome (n.) output (n./v.) outputter overall (adj./adv.) overalled overlap (v/n.) overseas (adv./adj.) panelling, panelist panel (n.) paradigm (n.) paradigmatic paragraph (n.) paragraphic parallel (n./v/adj.) parallelize parallelization, parallelism parallelistic parameter (n.) parameterize parameterization parametric participate (v.) participant, participation, participator participatory, participative partner (n.) partnership partnerless passive (n./adj.) passiveness, passivity perceive (v.) perceiver percent (adj./n.) percentage, percentile paradigmatically parametrically passively perceivable periodicity, periodization periodic, periodical periodically persist (v.) persistence, persistency persistent persistently perspective (n.) perspectivism, perspectivist perspectival perspectively period (n.) periodize phase (n/v.) phenomenon (n.) phasic, phasing phenomenalize phenomenalism, phenomenalist phenomenal, phenomenalistic phenomenally 28 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB philosophy (n.) philosophize philosopher, philosophizer philosophical philosophically physicalize physicalness, physicalization, physicalism, physicalist, physicality physicalistic physically physical (adj.) plus (n./adj./ preposition) policy (n.) portionless, portioned portion (n.) pose (v./n.) poser, position posable, positionable, positive (adj.) positiveness, positivism, positivist, positivity positivistic potential (adj./n.) potentialize, potentiate potentiality positionally positively, positivistically potentially practitioner (n.) precede (v.) precedence, precedent precise (adj.) precision, precisian, precisianism, preciseness predict (v.) prediction, predictability, predictor predominant (adj.) predominate preceding precisely predictable, predictive predominance, predomination predominantly, predominately preliminary (adj./n.) presume (v.) predictively, predictably preliminarily presumption, presumptuousness presumable, presuming, presumptive presumably, presumedly, presumingly, presumptively, presumptuously 29 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB previous (adj.) previously primary (adj.) primarily prime (adj.) primacy, primeness principal (adj.) principalship principle (n.) primal primally principally principled prior (adj.) priority (n.) prioritize prioritization proceed (v.) procedure, proceeds proceeding, procedural process (n./v.) procession, processor processed, processable professional (adj./n.) professionalize professionalism, profession, professionalization procedurally professionally prohibit (v.) prohibition, prohibitor, prohibitiveness, prohibiter prohibitive, prohibitory, prohibitionary prohibitively project (v./n.) projection, projectile, projectionist, projector projective projectively promote (v.) promoter, promotion, promotability promotable, promotive, promotional proportionality proportional, proportionable, proportioned proportionably, proportionally, proportionately prospector prospective, prospectless prospectively psychologist, psychologese, psychologism psychological psychologically proportion (n.) proportionate prospect (n.) protocol (n.) psychology (n.) psychologize publication (n.) 30 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE publish (v.) publisher publishing, publishable purchase (v./n.) purchaser purchasable pursue (v.) pursuit, pursuivant, pursuer, pursuance pursuable qualitative (adj.) ADVERB pursuant, pursuantly qualitatively quotation, quotability quote (v./n.) quotable, quotative radical (adj./n.) radicalize radicalness, radicalization, radicalism radically random (adj.) randomize randomization, randomness randomly range (n./v.) ratio (n.) ration rational (adj.) rationalize rationalism, rationale, rationalization, rationalizer, rationalist, rationality reactivate reactionary, reaction, reactor, reactionist, reactiveness, reactivity, reactivation react (v.) rationalistic reactive, reactionary recover (v.) recovery, recoverer, recoverability recoverable refine (v.) refinement, refiner refined regime (n.) regimen, regiment, regimentation, regimentally region (n.) regionalize regionalization, regionalism, regionalist rationalistically, rationally regimental, regimented regional regionally 31 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE register (n./v.) registration, registrant, registrar, registrarship registrable regulate (v.) regulator, regulation, regular, regularization, regularity regulatory, regulable, regulative regularize, regulate ADVERB regularly reinforce (v.) reinforcement, reinforcer reject (v.) rejection, rejector, rejectionist rejectable, rejective relax (v.) relaxation, relaxer, relaxant, relaxedness relaxed release (v./n.) releasee, releaser releasable relevant (adj.) relevance relevantly reluctance (n.) reluctant reluctantly rely (v.) reliance, reliability, reliableness reliable, reliant remove (v./n.) removability, remover removal, removable require (v.) requirement, requirer required research (v./n.) researcher researchable reside (v.) residence, resident residentship, residency residential, residentiary residentially resolve (v./n.) resolution, resolvability, resolver, resoluteness resolvable, resolved, resolutive, resoluble resolvedly, resolutely resource (n./v.) resourcelessness resourceless, resourceful resourcefully relaxedly reliably 32 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB respond (v.) respondent response, responder, respondence, responsibility, responsibleness responsive, responsible, respondent responsibly, responsively restore (v.) restoration, restorationism, restorationist, restorer restored, restorable, restorative restoratively restrain (v.) restraint, restrainer restrainable, restrained restrainedly restrict (v.) restriction, restrictedness, restrictionism, restrictionist, restrictiveness restricted, restrictive restrictedly, restrictively retain (v.) retainer, retention, retainability, retainment retentive, retainable reveal (v.) revelation, revealer, revelationist revealing, revealable, revelatory, revelational revealingly reverse (v./n./adj.) reverser, reversibility r reversal, reversible reversely, reversibly revise (v.) revision, reviser, revisionism, revisionist revisal, revisable, revisory, revisionary revenue (n.) revolution (n.) revolutionize revolutionism, revolutionist, revolutionary rigid (adj.) rigidify rigidness, rigidity revolutionary rigidly role (n.) route (n./v.) route (n./v.) router scenario (n.) scenarist schedule (v./n.) scheduler 33 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD scheme (v./n.) VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB schematize schema, schematization, schematism, schemer schematic, scheming schematically, schemingly sectionalize sectionalism, sectionalist sectionable, sectional, sectioned sectionally scope (n.) section (n/v.) sectoral, sectorial sector (n.) secure (adj./v/) securitize security, securement, secureness, securitization securable, secured securely selective, selectable, selectional selectionally, selectively seek (v.) seeker select (v./adj.) selection, selector, selectness, selectee, selectiveness, selectivity sequence (n.) sequentiality sequencing, sequential, sequent sequentially, sequently serialize, seriate seriality, serialization, serialism, serialist, seriation serial, seriate seriatim, serially sexualize sexism, sexuality, sexer, sexiness, sexist, sexlessness, sexology, sexologist, sexualization sexual, sexed, sexy, sexless, sexological sexily, sexlessly, sexually shifter, shiftiness, shiftlessness shiftable, shifty, shifting, shiftless shiftily, shiftlessly significance, signification, significator, signifier significative significantly series (n.) sex (n.) shift (v./n.) significant (adj.) signify similar (adj.) similarity simulate (v.) simulation, simulator, simulant similarly simulated, simulative site (n.) 34 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB so-called (adj.) sole (adj.) solely somewhat (adv.) source (v./n.) specific - (adj./n.) specificity, specificness specify (v.) specification, specifier specifiable sphere (n.) sphericity, spheroid, spheroidicity spherical, spheral, spheric, spheroidal, spherular stable (adj.) stabilize stability, stabilization, stabilizer statistician, statistics statistic (n.) specifically spherically stably statistical statistically status (n.) straightforward (adj.) strategy (n.) straightforwardness strategist strategic, strategical strategically stress (n./v.) stressor, stressfulness stressed, stressful, stressless, stressy stressfully structure (n./v.) structuralism, structuralist, structuration structured, structural, structureless structurally stylelessness, styler, stylization, stylishness, stylist styling, stylish, stylized, styleless, stylistic stylishly, stylistically submit (v.) submission, submitter, submissiveness submissive submissively subordinate (adj./n./v.) subordination subordinative subordinately subsequent (adj.) subsequence style (n./v.) strategize straightforwardly stylize subsequently 35 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD subsidy (n.) VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB subsidize subsidiarity, subsidizer, subsidization, subsidiary subsidiary subsidiarily substitute (n./v/) substitution, substitutability successor (n.) succession, successiveness sufficient (adj.) suffice sufficiency summarize summation, summariness, summarization, summarizer substitutable, substitutive, substitutional, substitutionary successive, successional successively sufficiently sum (n./v.) summary (n./adj.) summational, summative summarily supplemental, supplementary supplementally, supplementarily supplement (n./v.) supplementary, supplementation survey (n./v.) surveillance, surveyor, surveyorship survive (v.) survivor, survivability, survivalism, survivalist, survivorship survival, survivable suspend (v.) suspension, suspense, suspensiveness suspenseful, suspensory, suspensive suspensively sustain (v.) sustainer, sustainment, sustainability sustainable, sustained sustainedly, sustainably symbol (n.) symbolism, symbolization, symbolist, symbology symbolic, symbolical symbolically tape (v/n.) symbolize targetable, targeted target (v./n.) 36 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB technicality, technician, technicist, technic technical technically technology (n.) technologist technological technologically temporary (adj.) temporariness tense (adj.) tension, tenseness, tensity, tensility, tensioner terminate (v.) termination, terminator, terminal (adj./n.) text (n.) task (v./n.) team (v./n.) technical (adj.) technique (n.) temporarily tensile, tensional, tensionless, tensive tensely, tensionally terminable, terminational terminally texter, textualism, textualist, textuality textual, textless textually theme (n.) thematize thematization thematic thematically theory (n.) theorize theorist, theorem, theoretician, theorization, theorize theoretical, theorematic, theoretic theoretically topicalize topicality, topicalization topical topically tracing, traceability, tracer traceable, traceless thereby (adv.) thesis (n.) topic (n.) trace (v./n.) tradition (n.) , transfer (v./n.) traditionalist, traditionist, traditionalism transference, transferee, transferrer, transferability traditional, traditionary, traditionless, traditionalistic traditionally transferable, transferral 37 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB transform (v.) transformation, transformer transformable, transformative, transformational transformationally transit (n.) transition, transitoriness transitional, transitionary, transitory transitionally, transitorily transmit (v.) transmission, transmissibility, transmitter transmissible, transmissive, transmittable, transmittal transport (n./v.) transportation, transporter, transportability transportable, transported trendiness, trendy trendy trend (n.) VERB trendify trigger (v./n.) triggered ultimate (adj.) ultimatum, ultimacy undergo (v.) underwent underlie (v.) underlying undertake (v.) uniformity unified unification, unifier unique (adj.) uniqueness utilize (v.) utility, utilitarianism, utilization, utilizer valid (adj.) vary (v.) vehicle (n.) ultimately undertaking uniform (n.) unify (v.) trendily validate uniformly unificatory, uniformed, uniforming uniquely utilitarian, utilizable validation, validity variation, variant, variance, variability, variableness, variationist, variable validly varied, variable, variational variably vehicular 38 The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List 570 Words You Need to Know WORD VERB NOUN version (n.) ADJECTIVE ADVERB versional via (prep) violate (v.) violation, violator violable virtualization, virtualizer, virtuality virtually visible (adj.) visibility, visibleness visibly vision (n.) visionariness, visionary virtual (adj.) virtualize visional, visionless visual (adj./n.) visualize volume (n.) volumize voluminousness, volumizer volumed, volumetric, voluminous volumetrically volunteer (n./v.) volunteerism, voluntariness, voluntarism, voluntarist voluntary, voluntaristic voluntarily, voluminously voluntary (adj.) welfare (n.) visually welfarism, welfarist whereas (conj.) whereby (adv.) widespread (adj.) 39