Keywords:
Hunger: chronic undernourishment or outright starvation leading to death.
Chronic Hunger: long-term lack or shortage of food
Periodic Hunger: short-term hunger, caused by factors such as war, natural disasters, etc.
Malnutrition: a diet that is lacking (or having too much) in quality and quantity of food.
Starvation: limited or non-existence of food
Famine: Long-term and severe food shortage or unavailability of food in a given area.
Undernourishment: the share of the population that is under-nourished (that is, whose caloric
intake is insufficient);
Child wasting: the share of children under the age of five who are wasted (that is, who have low
weight for their height, reflecting acute undernutrition);
Child stunting: the share of children under the age of five who are stunted (that is, who have
low height for their age, reflecting chronic undernutrition); and
Child mortality: the mortality rate of children under the age of five (in part, a reflection of the
fatal mix of inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environments).
Food security for a population exists when all its people, at all times, have access to sufficient,
safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and
healthy life.
HALE: Health-adjusted life expectancy- the length of time that an individual can expect to live
based on adjustments made for years of ill health.
The Global Hunger Index (GHI): ranks countries on a 100-point scale, with O being the best
score (no hunger) and 100 being the worst. Based on child wasting, child stunting, child
mortality, undernourishment and child mortality.
Calorie intake: is the amount of food (measured in calories) a person consumes.
Undernutrition: Inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients
Overnutrition: overindulgence or excessive intake of specific nutrients
Malnutrition: refers to both undernutrition and overnutrition
Temporary hunger: insufficient food supply for a short period of time leading to discomfort
Chronic hunger: insufficient food supply for a long period of time
Famine: an acute but prolonged shortage of food that is life-threatening
Disease of Poverty: Disease that people in LICs die from
Disease of influence: Disease that people in HICs die from (tends to be degenerative)
Communicable: Disease that can spread from person to person (Common to die from in LIC)
Non-Communicable: Disease that cannot spread from person to person (Cancer)
Vector Borne Disease: refers to illnesses that are transmitted to humans or animals through the
bite of infected arthropods, commonly known as vectors.
Endemic: refers to the constant presence or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent
within a specific geographic area or population.
Global patterns in food and nutrition indicators:
Facts/Statistics:
● Since 2000, Rwanda, Angola, and Ethiopia have experienced the biggest absolute
reductions in hunger, with GHI scores down by between 25 and 28 points in each
country.
● The combination of high rates of hunger and only a small reduction in the GHI score
since 2000 for the Central African Republic, Chad, and Zambia is a cause for concern.
Calorie Intake Stats:
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In general, high-income countries have an intake of around 3,400 kcal/person/day. In
contrast, people in low-income countries intake around 2,600 kcal/person/day. However,
in sub-Saharan
● In Africa, the intake is down to 2,240 kcal/person/day
● In Central Africa, it is just 1,820 kcal/person/day.
● In Burundi and Eritrea, daily calorie intakes are as low as 1,680 and 1,590 kcal,
respectively.
Indicators of malnutrition:
Types of malnutrition:
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Deficiency diseases such as pellagra result from a lack of specific vitamins or minerals.
Kwashiorkor is a lack of protein in the diet.
Marasmus is a lack of calories/energy.
Obesity results from eating too many energy/protein foods.
Starvation refers to a limited or non-existent intake of food.
Temporary hunger is a short-term decline in the availability of food to a population in an
area.
● Famine occurs when there is a long-term decline in the availability of food in a region.
Hunger:
● A healthy brain uses 20% of the body's energy and that energy comes from food.
● When a child is hungry the brain is starved and malnourished kids fall behind in school
because they can't concentrate.
● A healthy heart pumps a steady supply of blood throughout the body, but the heart of a
hungry child shrinks, literally so it has to work extra hard to pump enough blood.
● Healthy bones get bigger and stronger as a child grows but when a child is malnourished,
their skin cracks allowing infections to get in.
● Their bones stop growing, which is why hungry kids often end up being small for their
age (child stunting)
The nutrition transition:
● As a country’s GDP per capita increases the calories the average person’s daily calories
increase.
HALE:
● It is an indicator of the overall health of a population.
● It combines measures of both age- and sex-specific health data, and age- and sex-specific
mortality data, into a single statistic.
● HALE indicates the number of expected years of life equivalent to years lived in full
health, based on the average experience in a population.
● Thus, HALE is a measure not only of quantity of life but of quality of life.
Epidemiological Transition Model:
● One of the main changes in a country's health profile is the shift from infectious or
contagious communicable diseases (epidemics) to non-communicable diseases that cause
a gradual worsening in the health of an individual (degenerative diseases).
● For example, a country in an early stage of development would be expected to have a
large number of deaths and illnesses from infectious diseases.
● By contrast, we would expect an HIC to have more deaths and illnesses from heart attack,
stroke and cancers - diseases that are not infectious or communicable.
● We've seen an increase in life expectancy with this an increase in the diseases that are
prevalent among the elderly
● Non-communicable diseases today kill 40 million people every year. That's about 70% of
all deaths globally.
● 15 million of these people are relatively young, between the ages of 30 and 69. And,
● 80% of these premature deaths, many of which are preventable, occur in low and
middle-income countries.
Vector Borne Disease Case Study: Malaria
Causes (H or P)
Consequences (SEE)
Responses
-The presence of suitable mosquito
breeding sites, such as stagnant water
bodies, increases the population of
malaria-transmitting mosquitoes
Social- death, loss of family members
WHO- Working on vaccines
-Higher temperatures accelerate the
growth of the malaria parasite in
mosquitoes, increasing the risk of
transmission as the parasite thrives in
temp. Above 20C
Economic impacts- fewer people working,
lower GDP, economic pressure on already
stressed healthcare systems.
GMO mosquitoes to not be
able to pass on malaria
-War and conflict- refugee camps
-Rainy season
Environmental- Insecticides are not good
for the environment
Anti-malaria medicines
developed
-The human-enhanced greenhouse
effect is increasing global temp so
regions are getting warmer.
Insecticide bednets distributed
- pregnant women- medicine
for pregnant women to prevent
Malaria
-Common is sub-sharan Africa
(LIC’s)
In 2004, 3% of those at risk
had access to mosquito nets,
but now 50% do.
-Transport routes and access to
treatment
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198 million cases worldwide
Over 3 billion people at risk
Spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes
Nigeria spends N600 billion annually for the prevention, treatment, and loss of lives.
Malaria kills one child every 60 seconds despite it being a preventable disease
Malaria control cost the world $2.5 billion in 2014
Water Borne Disease Case Study: Cholera
Causes (H or P)
Consequences (SEE)
Responses- Small Scale
Through contaminated water
and food
Social: Death- 100,000 people a year
Chlorine drops in contaminated
water fro 30 minutes
Through flies
Economic: costs associated with
treating cholera cases, including
medical expenses and hospitalization,
can strain healthcare systems and
individuals' finances.
Digging laterins 30m away
from water source
War and conflict
Economic: lead to decreased
productivity and economic losses due
to illness and death
Filtering and boiling water to
kill bacteria
Natural disasters
Environmental: Water sources being
contaminated
Washing hands before eating
and cooking
Inadequate Sanitation
Peeling fruits and vegetables
before consumption
Fecal water getting into water
sources
Adding salt+sugar to clean
water to hydrate ill people
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3-5 million cases a year
Kills 100,000 people a year
In 2012 the worst affected: Haiti, Sierra Leone, Somalia and DRC- war and conflict affected+LIC
The disease is most common in Africa and East Asia where the highest percentage of deaths
compared to the number of cases
Conflicts and massive refugee displacements fuel epidemics and it is estimated that in 1994
cholera killed in just a few weeks close to 25,000 Rwandan refugees
MGO Response to Food Hunger:
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World Food Programme
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
World Health Organization
Links to UN SDG’s
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Goal 1: No Poverty
Goal 2: Zero hunger.
Goal 3: Good health and well-being.
Organization
Responses
Positive impacts
Limitations
WFP (UN)
Short-term and
immediate aid for
disaster-stricken
regions
-Gives those in need immediate food
aid
-Delivering food aid to remote and
conflict-affected areas can be
challenging due to poor infrastructure,
lack of transportation, and security risks.
-Political instability, conflicts, or
bureaucratic hurdles can impede the
WFP's operations.
-Prolonged reliance on food aid can
create dependency rather than addressing
the underlying causes of food insecurity.
-It has been reported that male aid
workers have exchanged money for sex
as well as refusing to give food based on
women's appearance.
FAO (UN)
-Building sustainable
food and agricultural
systems
-Improve levels of
nutrition, agricultural
productivity and
sustainability, and the
quality of life of rural
people, and to ensure
global food security.
NGO- Trussle
Trust Food
Bank
-Provides emergency
food parcels to
individuals and
families in crisis. Food
-The FAO contributes to
international efforts to defeat hunger
by helping member countries
modernize and improve agriculture,
forestry, and fishery practices
-Potential for corruption and improper
behavior
-In 2022/23, the Trussell Trust
supplied 2.99 million three-day
emergency food parcels.
-Doing work that the government should
be doing
-Taking responsibility over individual
governments.
parcels are typically
non-perishable and
nutritionally balanced,
providing three days'
worth of food
UK
Government
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-The free school meal
program in the UK is a
government-funded
initiative aimed at
providing free meals to
eligible children
attending state schools.
The program helps
ensure that children
from low-income
families have access to
nutritious meals during
the school day,
-Children who receive free school
meals have been found to benefit
academically.
1 out of 10 people go to bed hungry
-The food does not have nutritional value
especially if its the children’s only meal
The Influence of TNCs in Shaping Food Consumption Habits:
https://www.tutorchase.com/notes/ib/geography/f-3-2-influence-of-transnational-corporations-in-shapingfood-consumption
Agribusiness: huge companies that dominate agricultural industries
Monsanto- the USA’s biggest agricultural/chemical company
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GMOs have been called bad by the media for human health but they can be done right
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Monsanto created a herbicide “Round up” to kill weed which increased productivity and led to
more food being made.
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However Monsanto sold GMO strains to poorer countries, but ultimately the quality of the crop
was less, meaning the farmers actually ended up losing money by switching to the Montsanto
strain rather than making money.
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Furthermore, small-scale farmers, who may lack the resources to compete with the efficiency and
scale of TNCs, are often marginalized.
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Power of the TNC- sugar beverages such as Coca-Cola account for 70% of added sugar in the
Mexican diet.
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Coke is more accessible than clean water in some Mexican cities.
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Coke leads to diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
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National response: The government has added a sugar tax to reduce consumption, to improve
health (rejection of globalization) but their power means they can scare the government by
reducing jobs.
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Local response: Civil societies in small Mexican cites have led to the ban on the sale of potato
chips.
Media has influenced diets, what is considered healthy and unhealthy
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The promotion of convenience foods, such as ready-to-eat meals, has altered traditional cooking
and eating practices. These trends are more evident in urban areas, where fast-paced lifestyles
favour convenience over traditional food preparation.
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The global spread of similar food products and brands leads to a reduction in culinary diversity.
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Local food cultures and traditional cuisines are increasingly overshadowed by global food trends
propagated by TNCs.
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The proliferation of processed and fast foods, heavily marketed by TNCs, has led to nutritional
challenges. These foods are often high in calories, fats, sugars, and salt, contributing to health
issues like obesity, heart disease, and diabetes.
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There has been a notable shift towards Western dietary patterns around the world, characterized
by increased consumption of meat, dairy products, and processed foods.
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TNCs' influence can affect the affordability and accessibility of healthy, nutritious food options,
particularly in lower-income communities and developing countries.
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Through branding and advertising, TNCs create and reinforce perceptions about food products,
often prioritizing processed and fast foods.
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The advent of digital media has expanded the reach and sophistication of food marketing. Online
platforms enable targeted advertising, influencing specific demographics, particularly younger
audiences.
Famine in the Horn of Africa Case Study:
Causes P/H
Consequences SEE
Responses
Drought due to rain failureseason rains interrupted for 2
consecutive seasons
Social:
International:
-Severe food crisis across Somalia,
Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya that
threatened the livelihood of 9.5 million
people.
WHO- Plumpy Nut which is a
peanut-based paste used for the
treatment of severe acute malnutrition
-260,000 deaths from the drought in
Somalia alone between 2011–2012.
-Spread of disease in refugee camps due to
unsanitary conditions together with severe
malnutrition led to a large
number of deaths.
WHO- Wawa Mum which is a
chickpea-based paste that keeps
children alive.
WHO- Feed babies drink breast milk
until 2
USAID- Delivered vital food aid
-The lack of rain led to crop failure and
widespread
loss of livestock, as high as 40%–60% in
some areas.
Current: War/Conflict-Tiray
region/Amhara in
Ethiopia+Rebel Acitivy in
Southern Somalia Russia/War
making the price of oil
increase so food price
Social:
Climate change- enhanced
desertification
Economic:
-Within the camps, infant mortality had
risen threefold in 2011.
-Children- if no proper nutrition before the
age of 2 can never reach academic
potential
-Refugee camp overcrowding- stress on
LIC resources-inability to help and provide
for refugees+tribal conflict- the UNHCR
base in Dadaab, Kenya hosted at least
440,000 people in three refugee camps,
although the maximum capacity was
Brazil: School feeding programs
incentive parents to send their children
to school- increase enrollmentespecially in girls- require ⅓ of food
to come from the smallest farmers
with no opportunity
WHO: Purchasing for ProgressDigital money on a card (Food credit)
in Hebron, Palestine- Women can get
up to 9 nutritious and locally produced
foods for free
Now in 21 countries
90,000
Lack of infrastructure- eg
viable roads, transport
systems, and vehicles to get
food aid easily
Environmental:
-Overgrazing and over-cultivation of
drought-prone
areas led to desertification and degradation
of land.
-Deforestation surrounding the large
refugee camps
set up to house refugees.
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Between July 2011 and mid-2012, a severe drought affected the entire East Africa region. Said to
be the worst in 60 years
Amartya Sen- Nobel Peace Prize winner: “FAMINE HAPPENS IN THE PRESENCE OF
FOOD”
In 2022- Aid was paused from the USA as Ethiopian officials have been stealing food aid
1 in 7 people wake up not knowing what they will eat during the day
Every 10 seconds a child dies due to hunger
Up to 40% less brain volume in malnourished children- earning potential for these children is cut
in half
A child could be saved every 22 seconds if there was breastfeeding in the first 6 months of their
life- in Niger however one of the world lowest income countries, only 7% of babies are breastfed
due to the Western push of baby formula- especially Nestle
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Theory: Core Peripacy- Those that have and those that don’t
Females and Food Security:
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Women and girls make up 60 percent of the world's chronically hungry.
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Women face discrimination both in education and employment opportunities and within
households, where their bargaining power is lower than men's.
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Women also face discrimination in access to land, training, technologies, finance and other
services.
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Achieving gender equality is instrumental in ending malnutrition as women tend to be responsible
for food preparation and childcare within the family and are more likely to spend their income on
food and their children's needs.
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Research has shown that a child's chances of survival increase by 20 percent when the mother
controls the household budget.
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Studies suggest that if women had the same access to productive resources as men, they would
increase yields by 20 to 30 percent raising overall agricultural production in developing countries
by 2.5 to 4 percent.
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Studies from Africa show that children of mothers who have spent five years in education are 40
per cent more likely to live beyond the age of 5.
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Access to most financial services such as credit and insurance is only available to men in rural
areas. This greatly limits food security and farming innovation for women.
Possible solutions to food insecurity:
HICs have successfully implemented policies (such as the Common Agriculture Policies in the EU) to
achieve sustainability in food production, but ensuring food security still remains a big challenge in most
LICs.
a) Economic solution
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Investment in agriculture – financial investment such as agriculture subsidies given by the
government could be given to farmers in order to increase food production.
b) Political solution
Food Aid:
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Food aid helps to alleviate food shortages because they serve as an emergency source of food
during war or natural disasters like famine or drought.
eg. food aid was sent to Nepal when the country was affected by an earthquake. Food aid also
reduces the financial pressure on the government.
However, food aid can damage the local production of food in the recipient country. For example
in 2002-2003, food aid donors overreacted to a projected 600,000 metric tonne deficit in Malawi
causing a severe decline in cereal prices and hurting local producers.
Fair trade:
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Fairtrade attempts to be socially, economically and environmentally responsible. ie. They adopt
policies that meet the livelihood of the people, respect/preserve their local culture and protect/use
environmental resources wisely.
Free trade:
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An agreement between two countries to trade between themselves without any restrictions or
barriers. Examples of free trade include ACP, NAFTA (North Atlantic Free Trade Area), the EU,
ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States)
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Trade with other countries could potentially lead to increased production of food crops for export,
thereby making money available for the farmer to invest in agriculture on a large scale. This will
also ensure regular income for the farmer and encourage them to stay in agriculture.
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Free trade makes food cheaper for the recipient country because there are no tariffs imposed on
imported food
Vitro Meat:
USE UR COMMON SENSE
GMO:
Disadvantages:
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Releasing GMOs into the natural environment can damage natural varieties that are cultivated,
which could alter the genetic makeup of foods consumed by humans.
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It may lead to the growth of superweeds, meaning weeds that have become resistant to herbicides
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GM seeds come with a lot of issues, such as patent rights etc which means that farmers
cultivating GM crops are not allowed to store the seeds for another growing season without the
permission of the engineering company.
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The cultivation of GM foods could make disease-causing bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics
Advantages:
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GMOs have the ability to withstand powerful herbicides.
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GMOs have also been developed to improve the nutrient content of food. For example, some
varieties of rice have high levels of Vitamin A, higher than organic rice, which is beneficial for
consumers in low-income countries
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GMOs are also said to be insect-resistant. This means they are able to resist pest infestation, as
certain toxic bacteria are sometimes added to the GM crop in order to reduce the number of
insecticides needed.
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GMOs are developed to resist drought and extreme temperatures, in some circumstances. This
means that farmers in areas experiencing water shortages or low rainfall can cultivate GM crops
without having to worry about sufficient rainfall.
Vertical farming- growing crops in layers:
USE UR COMMON SENSE
Diabetes Pandemic Case Study:
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The number of people worldwide with diabetes is around 422 million, a figure likely to double in
the next 20 years.
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Diabetes is a chronic, lifelong condition and a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart
attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation.
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The disease reduces both a person's quality of life and life expectancy.
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In 2012 1.5 million people died as a result of having the disease. The death rate of men with
diabetes is 1.9 times the rate for men without diabetes, and the rate for women with diabetes is 2.6
times that for women without diabetes.
Three types of diabetes:
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Type I occurs when the pancreas produces insufficient insulin. It requires daily administration of
insulin by injection. The cause is unknown but it may be genetic.
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Type II, the most common type, is non-insulin-dependent and results from the body's ineffective
use of insulin.
● Type Ill is found in some women who become diabetic during pregnancy; their children are
at increased risk of developing type Il in early adulthood.
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If diabetes is not well managed, over time this can damage blood vessels and may lead to the
conditions, reducing the quality of life and causing permanent disability.
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Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar the opposite of hyperglycemia - and symptoms include
sweating, tremors and confusion.
Treatment:
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blood sugar control, blood pressure control, foot care and preconception care for women.
More sophisticated types of care, found in HICs where funding is greater, include the drug
metformin for those needing to boost their own insulin supply
annual eye examinations and cholesterol control.
insulin can be supplied to those requiring it.
sophisticated treatments are ineffective without lifestyle changes and good self-management of
the condition.
Daily blood testing is an essential requirement.
Risk factors for diabetes (causes):
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Obesity - The strongest and most consistent risk factors for diabetes and insulin resistance among
different populations are obesity and weight gain: for each unit increase in body mass index, the
risk of diabetes increases by 12 percent.
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Physical inactivity - A sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity are also associated with
increased risks of developing diabetes.
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Diet - Saturated fats and trans fatty acids may increase the risk of diabetes, as may
sugar-sweetened beverages. Conversely, high intakes of dietary fibre and of vegetables may
reduce the risk.
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Increased affluence - The adoption of western lifestyles has been associated with an increase in
the prevalence of diabetes in many indigenous populations.
The economic burden of diabetes:
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Diabetes imposes large economic burdens on national healthcare systems and affects national
economies, families and individuals.
Direct medical costs include resources used to treat the disease.
Indirect costs include lost productivity caused by morbidity, disability and premature mortality.
Intangible costs are the reduced quality of life for people with diabetes
HIV AIDS Eswatini Pandemic Case Study:
Causes
Consequences (SEE)
Responses (L,N,I)
Sexual transmission is more
common from man to woman- (sex
work in LIC) (stigma against gay
people is wrong)
Social:
Low status of women to say no to
unprotected sex
-Death of parents left the burden on
grandparents and orphanages
National: A community-led
organization called Swaziland AIDS
Support Organization (SASO) as a
support group for people living with
HIV. SASO also provided healthy
living information for people living
with HIV.
-Stigma against people with it
Young heroes NGO
Economic:
International:
-fewer people able to work- affects
productivity- most of Eswatni’s economy
relies on agriculture
Today, Eswatini is one of the countries
which has achieved the ambitious
95-95-95 targets (95% of people living
with HIV who know their HIV status,
95% of people who know that they are
living with HIV are on life-saving
antiretroviral treatment, and 95% of
people who are on treatment are
virally suppressed).
Mother to child during pregnancy
and breastfeeding (more common
in LIC’s)
Less access to concentration and
education
-16 million have died from AIDs since
1998
-UNAIDS
-The United States President's
Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief
(PEPFAR) a
-The Global Fund to fight AIDS,
Intravenous drug use (big heroin
problem in Russia)
-Pre-exposure prophylaxis (medicine
to prevent HIV)
A disease of poverty- inability to
get tested
Local: organizations such as Kwakha
Indvodza encourage men to take full
responsibility to reduce toxic
masculinity and gender-based violence
which are some of the drivers of HIV.
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Anti-retroviral drugs given to women during and after labor to not pass it on to child
Women are 3 times for likely to get HIV/Aids
70% of HIV infections come from Sub-Saharan Africa
41% of pregnant women in Eswatini have HIV/Aids
1 out 4 people in Eswatini have HIV/Aids
Energy Efficiency:
The Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) is a measure of the amount of energy input into a farming system
compared with the output (inputs can be direct and indirect).
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Direct inputs refer to labor and capital, e.g. machinery.
Indirect inputs refer to pesticides, irrigation, electricity, transport etc.
A subsistence farmer relying on mainly intensive labor inputs is likely to have low energy input.
However, the energy efficiency of the system will depend on the quantity of food produced. If only a
small amount of food is produced the energy efficiency is likely to be poor.
Likewise, a large intensive farm in Canada with a huge variety of direct and indirect energy inputs might
achieve an efficient energy ratio provided it produces an abundance of food.
EER = Energy Outputs/Energy Inputs-
A ratio equal to or above 1 is considered an efficient ratio
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If the energy efficiency is positive (i.e. energy efficiency is above 1), one may consider roughly
that more CO2 has been captured than spent in the farming process: in that case, agriculture is
effectively a sink of carbon dioxide, even though it is a short-term sink.
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Energy efficiency on its own as an indicator is useful for looking at the overall efficiency of
energy use within a farming system and it's particularly relevant in the context of climate change
and the vital importance of achieving energy efficiency.
Negatives:
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Narrow focus as an indicator of environmental impact is its.
Neglects to examine the wider environmental impacts of the farming system such as soil quality,
water resources, and long-term conditions of the natural environment.
Doesn't take into account the social measurements relating to society and farmer well-being
which are important to the broader interpretation of sustainable agriculture definitions. It
therefore doesn't address the wider sustainability issues of agriculture.
Attempt to Tackle Food Insecurity Case Study in Timor-Leste :
EU Case Study Maternal and Child Nutrition:
Context:
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Poverty, food insecurity and undernutrition remain widespread in Timor-Leste (a Southeast Asian
nation).
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According to the recently compiled Timor-Leste Food and Nutrition Survey (2013), a reduction
of stunting from 58% to 50.2% and wasting from 19% to 11% have been recorded.
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That still leaves approximately 50% of Timorese under-five children (or almost 100 000 children)
still stunted according to the UNICEF/Ministry of Health survey.
Objectives:
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The project goal is to reduce child and maternal undernutrition in Timor-Leste by supporting the
implementation of Mother and Child Health and Nutrition – Targeted Supplementary Feeding
Program in six priority districts
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To strengthen Ministry of Health capacity to reduce under nutrition through the Mother and Child
Health and Nutrition-Targeted Supplementary Feeding Programme.
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To improve the nutritional status (reduce under nutrition) of targeted women and children and to
increase the coverage rate of the Targeted Supplementary Feeding Programme.
Results:
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78 health care service points in all six districts assessed for 'Health Facility readiness' for the
TSFP programme.
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More than 200 Ministry of Health staff at District and sub-district levels have been trained on the
TSFP
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More than 300 community members including village elders, and district authorities have been
oriented on the TSFP during “socialization sessions” in the target district.
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100% of deliveries to the Sub-district level and 90% + of deliveries to the Health Facility level of
the RUSF have been completed in the 3 initial districts.
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866 children with Moderate Acute Malnutrition were treated with RUSF during the 1st month’s
implementation