10 – Amaliy mashg’ulot
Mavzu: Korxona va tashkilot axborot komunikatsiya tizimlarida vpn tarmoq qurish.
Ishdan maqsad. Routerlarda site-to-site texnologiyasi asosida virtual himoyalangan
tarmoq qurish ko`nikmalarini hosil qilish.
Nazariy ma’lumot
VPN (Virtual Private Network - virtual xususiy tarmoq) -mantiqiy tarmoq bo‘lib, o‘zidan
yuqoridagi boshqa tarmoq, masalan, Internet asosida quriladi. Bu tarmoqda
kommunikatsiyalarda umumiy xavfsiz bo‘lmagan tarmoq protokollaridan foydalanilishiga
qaramay, shifrlashdan foydalangan holda, axborot almashinishda bеgonalarga bеrk bo‘lgan
kanallar tashkil qilinadi. VPN tashkilotning bir nеcha ofislarini ular o‘rtasida nazorat
qilinmaydigan kanallardan foydalangan holda yagona tarmoqqa birlashtirish imkonini bеradi.
O‘z navbatida, VPN alohida tarmoq xususiyatlarini qamrab olgan, lеkin bu tarmoq
umumiy foydalanish tarmog‘i, masalan, Intеrnеt orqali amalga oshiriladi. Tunnеllashtirish
mеtodi yordamida ma’lumotlar pakеti umumiy foydalanish tarmog‘i orqali xuddi oddiy ikki
nuqtali bog‘lanishdagi kabi translyatsiya qilinadi. Har qaysi «ma’lumot jo‘natuvchi-qabul
qiluvchi» juftligi o‘rtasida ma’lumotlarni bir protokoldan ikkinchi protokolga inkapsulyatsiya
qilish imkonini bеruvchi o‘ziga xos tunnеl — xavfsiz mantiqiy bog‘lanish o‘rnatiladi.
17.1-rasm. Virtual himoyalangan tarmoq strukturasi
Ishni bajarish tartibi
1. Cisco packet tracer dasturi ishga tushiriladi.
2. Quyida keltirilgan topologiya quriladi.
3. Qurilgan topologiya testlab ko`riladi.
17.2-rasm. Tadqiq qilinayotgan tarmoq topologiyasi
ROUTER_1 ga kiritiladigan buyruqlar ketma-ketligi.
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#int fa 0/0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#ip nat inside
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config)#int fa 0/1
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
Router(config-if)#ip nat outside
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip access-list extended for-nat
Router(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 any
Router(config-ext-nacl)#exit
Router(config)#ip nat inside source list for-nat int fa 0/1 overload
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.2
Router(config)#ip dhcp pool vl2
Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.2.1
Router(dhcp-config)#dns-server 8.8.8.8
Router(dhcp-config)#exit
Router(config)#crypto isakmp policy 1
Router(config-isakmp)#encryption aes
Router(config-isakmp)#hash md5
Router(config-isakmp)#authentication pre-share
Router(config-isakmp)#group 2
Router(config)#crypto isakmp key 123 address 2.2.2.1
Router(config)#crypto ipsec transform-set ts esp-aes esp-md5-hmac
Router(config)#ip access-list extended for-vpn
Router(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config-ext-nacl)#exit
Router(config)#crypto map kriptokarta 10 ipsec-isakmp
Router(config-crypto-map)#match address for-vpn
Router(config-crypto-map)#set peer 2.2.2.1
Router(config-crypto-map)#set transform-set ts
Router(config-crypto-map)#exit
Router(config)#int fa 0/1
Router(config-if)#crypto map kriptokarta
*Jan 3 07:16:26.785: %CRYPTO-6-ISAKMP_ON_OFF: ISAKMP is ON
Router(config-if)#exit (VPN qurish jarayoni)
ROUTER_2 kiritiladigan buyruqlar ketma-ketligi.
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#int fa 0/0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#ip nat inside
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int fa 0/1
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#ip nat outside
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip access-list extended for-nat
Router(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 any
Router(config-ext-nacl)#exit
Router(config)#ip nat inside source list for-nat int fa 0/1 overload
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2
Router(config)#ip dhcp pool vl3
Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.3.1
Router(dhcp-config)#dns-server 8.8.8.8
Router(dhcp-config)#exit
Router(config)#crypto isakmp policy 1
Router(config-isakmp)#encryption aes
Router(config-isakmp)#hash md5
Router(config-isakmp)#authentication pre-share
Router(config-isakmp)#group 2
Router(config-isakmp)#exit
Router(config)#crypto isakmp key 123 address 1.1.1.1
Router(config)#crypto ipsec transform-set ts esp-aes esp-md5-hmac
Router(config)#ip access-list extended for-vpn
Router(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config-ext-nacl)#exit
Router(config)#crypto map kriptokarta 10 ipsec-isakmp
Router(config-crypto-map)#match address for-vpn
Router(config-crypto-map)#set peer 1.1.1.1
Router(config-crypto-map)#set transform-set ts
Router(config-crypto-map)#exit
Router(config)#int fa 0/1
Router(config-if)#crypto map kriptokarta
*Jan 3 07:16:26.785: %CRYPTO-6-ISAKMP_ON_OFF: ISAKMP is ON
Router(config-if)#exit
ROUTER_3 ga kiritiladigan buyruqlar ketma-ketligi:
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#int fa 0/0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
Router(config)#int fa 0/1
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit
17.2-rasm. ROUTER_1 ni sozlanmasi.
Bajarilgan laboratoriya ishi testlab ko`riladi, ya`ni PC0 dan PC2 icmp protokoli orqali
aloqa tekshirib ko`riladi.
17.3-rasm. PC0 va PC2 kompyuterlarning manzillari
17.4-rasm. Topologiyani testlash natijalari
VPN kanal orqali yuborilgan ma`lumotlar statistikasini ko`rish uchun quyidagi buyruq
kiritiladi:
Show crypto ipsec sa
17.5-rasm VPN kanal orqali yuborilgan ma`lumotlar statistikasi
17.6-rasm. Topologiyani orqali yuborilgan xabarning harakati
Topshiriq:
Amaliy ish mavzusi bo'yicha hisobot tayyorlash. Hisobotning mazmuni:
- ishning raqami va mavzusi;
- Cisco PacketTracerda tadqiq qilinayotgan tarmoq topologiyasining tasviri;
- tarmoqdagi IP-manzillarni taqsimlash, ulanish diagrammasi (interfeys raqamlari), shu jumladan
modelning tavsifi;
- foydalanuvchi nomlari va parollari;
- tarmoq elementlarini sozlash ro'yxati;
- tarmoq elementlariga kirishga urinishlar natijalari.