Secondary 1 Science
Revision Questions
Name: _______________ (
Class: 1 / ____
)
Revision Questions1 Diversity
Nature of Science
1 The Scientific Endeavour
Multiple-Choice Questions
1
A student wanted to investigate the effect of temperature on how fast
chemicals X and Y react.
Which combination of beakers would the student need to set up to carry out
a fair test?
A
B
C
D
2
The table shows the result of an experiment conducted by four students to
test the effect of selected antibiotics on two different types of bacteria.
Which conclusion is justified by these experimental results?
A
B
C
D
Bacteria X are a weaker type than Bacteria Y.
Bacteria Y are more sensitive to the antibiotics than Bacteria X.
Antibiotic Q is the strongest of the four antibiotics used.
Antibiotic S affects these bacteria more than Antibiotic P does.
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions1 Diversity
Nature of Science
3
The graphs show the result of a study of the growth of a particular seaweed.
According to this data, at what depth of water does this seaweed grow best?
A
B
C
D
4
2.0 m
3.0 m
4.0 m
5.0 m
Which of the following description does not match the hazard symbol?
A
B
C
D
acute toxicity
corrosive
explosive
aspiration hazard
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Revision Questions1 Diversity
Nature of Science
Structured Questions
1
Stella wanted to investigate the effect of adding a chemical into
water on the solubility of another chemical in the water.
She added sodium sulfate into water and added incremental
amounts of calcium sulfate until it could not dissolve. She then
recorded the maximum mass of calcium sulfate that could be
dissolved.
(a)
State her independent and dependent variables.
[2]
(b)
Suggest two variables that she should control in order to do a
fair test.
[2]
(c)
The table shows the results she obtained.
mass of sodium sulfate
added / g
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
(i)
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maximum mass of calcium
sulfate dissolved / g
5
4
3.4
1.6
0.7
Stella’s classmate said that she had not recorded the
masses of calcium sulfate correctly. Suggest why this
is so.
[2]
Revision Questions1 Diversity
Nature of Science
(ii)
Stella concluded that as the mass of sodium sulfate
added increased, the maximum mass of calcium
sulfate that could be dissolved decreased.
Explain if her conclusion is valid, and suggest what she
could do to improve her results. Assume that she had
controlled the appropriate variables.
[2]
2
The diagram below shows a piece of ice being heated in the
laboratory.
(a)
Label the apparatus in the boxes provided.
[2]
(b)
Name a suitable piece of apparatus for measuring the
approximate volume of liquid obtained from the ice.
[1]
(c)
The flame of the Bunsen burner needs to be a non-luminous
flame for this experiment.
(i)
(ii)
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Outline the steps required to turn on the flame and set
it to a non-luminous flame.
[2]
Explain why a luminous flame is not suitable for this.
[1]
Revision Questions2 Diversity
Physical Properties
2 Diversity:
Exploring Diversity of Matter by their Physical Properties
Multiple-Choice Questions
1
Which of the following correctly list the desirable physical properties of
stainless steel in a stainless steel cooking pot?
A
B
C
D
2
shiny, high melting point, hard
good electrical conductivity, high melting point, hard
good thermal conductivity, high melting point, hard
good thermal conductivity, high boiling point, hard
A certain substance is transparent, has low heat conductivity, high
density and high melting point.
Which of the following is this substance suitable to be used for?
A
B
C
D
3
front screens of vehicles
laboratory beakers
insulating wrappers
lunch boxes
A girl carrying a 2.5 kg bag, walked 0.25 km in 8.5 minutes.
How many of the physical quantities mentioned in the sentence above
are in S.I. base units?
A
4
0
B
1
C
2
D
3
D
1 000
A car is travelling at an average speed of 60.0 km/h.
What is its average speed in m/s?
A
60.0
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B
16.7
C
216
Revision Questions2 Diversity
Physical Properties
5
At which position should the eye be placed to read the correct volume
of the liquid in the measuring cylinder?
B
A
C
D
6
A girl wants to measure 4.5 g of salt, then dissolve the salt in 42.0 cm3
of water.
What apparatus should she use?
A
B
C
D
7
electronic balance and beaker
burette and measuring cylinder
pipette and electronic balance
electronic balance and measuring cylinder
The diagrams show the final positions of two balls P and Q when they
are put into liquids X and Y.
ball P
liquid X
ball Q
liquid Y
ball Q
Which of the following correctly lists ball P, ball Q, liquid X and liquid Y
in decreasing densities?
A
B
C
D
ball Q, ball P, liquid X, liquid Y
liquid Y, liquid X, ball Q, ball P
liquid Y, ball Q, liquid X, ball P
ball P, liquid X, ball Q, liquid Y
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Revision Questions2 Diversity
Physical Properties
8
A bar K is made of a material which has a density of 6.0 g/cm3. It is cut
into 4 equal pieces.
4 equal pieces
bar K
What is the density of one piece in g/cm3?
A
1.5
B
3.0
C
6.0
D
24.0
Structured Questions
1
2
For each of the object below, state two physical properties of the
material used and the corresponding reason for its use.
[8]
object
material
(a)
clothes
cotton
(b)
furniture
wood
physical
properties
reason for using
material
A student measures the diameter d of rod shown in Fig. 2.1 using the
vernier calipers.
9.5 cm
d = 2.06 cm
Fig 2.1
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Revision Questions2 Diversity
Physical Properties
(a)
Explain how the student can obtain a more accurate reading of
the diameter d of the rod.
[2]
(b)
If the length of the rod is 9.5 cm, calculate the volume of the
rod in S.I. units.
[3]
volume =
3
(a)
Define the term density and state its S.I. unit.
Definition:
S.I. unit:
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[2]
Revision Questions2 Diversity
Physical Properties
(b)
The table shows the densities of 3 different liquids.
material
density / g/cm3
(i)
P
1.6
water
1.00
Q
0.90
Label the 2 liquids in Fig. 3.1 as they would be when
they are mixed in a container and then allowed to settle.
[1]
………….
X
water
….……..
Fig 3.1
(ii)
An object made of substance X is dropped into the
container in Fig. 3.1 and its final position is indicated in
Fig. 3.1.
State a possible value for the density of substance X.
density =
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[1]
Revision Questions2 Diversity
Physical Properties
4
Fig. 4.1 shows a measuring cylinder containing some water, before
and after the addition of five marbles. Each marble has a mass of 70
g.
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
Fig 4.1
(a)
The reading of the water level:
[1]
(i)
before adding the marbles =
cm3
(Ii)
after adding the marbles =
cm3
cm3
(b)
volume of the 5 marbles =
(c)
Calculate the density of one marble in S.I. units.
density =
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[1]
[2]
Revision Questions3 Diversity
Chemical Composition
3 Diversity:
Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Chemical Composition
Multiple-Choice Questions
1
Which of the following shows that kerosene (used as aircraft fuel) is a
mixture and not a compound?
A
B
C
D
2
It boils over a range of 170 °C to 250 °C.
It burns in pure oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
It has a lower density than water.
It contains the elements carbon and hydrogen in a fixed
composition by mass.
The diagrams below show atoms in different substances. Which one of
the descriptions of the diagrams is incorrect?
1
A
B
C
D
3
2
3
4
Diagram 1 shows 2 types of atoms.
Diagram 2 shows 2 compounds.
Diagram 3 shows 2 types of atoms.
Diagram 4 shows a mixture of an element and a compound.
Which of the following statements describes of a compound correctly?
A
B
C
D
It retains the properties of its constituent components.
It has fixed boiling and melting points.
It can be separated by physical methods of separation.
It is formed by only one type of atom.
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Revision Questions3 Diversity
Chemical Composition
4
Deborah is dissolving sugar in water to make a sugar solution. Which
of the following is true?
A
B
C
D
5
to increase rate of dissolving of
sugar
stir the mixture faster
heat the mixture
add more water
use powdered sugar instead of
rock sugar
to increase solubility of sugar
stir the mixture faster
heat the mixture
add more water
use powdered sugar instead
of rock sugar
The diagram below shows part of a distillation setup.
Q
P
S
R
Which of the following is correct about the setup above?
A
B
C
D
6
water in
Q
Q
R
R
water out
R
R
Q
Q
collection of distillate
P
S
P
S
A petri dish containing a blackish-yellow powder was given in an
experiment. When a magnet was placed over the cover of the dish, black
particles were observed to move towards the magnet while a yellow
powder remains at the base of the dish. What can be concluded based
on these observations?
A
The black particles and yellow powder are two different elements.
B
The black particles and yellow powder are a mixture.
C
The black particles and yellow powder are not in a fixed ratio.
D
The black particles and yellow powder have fixed boiling points.
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions3 Diversity
Chemical Composition
7
Which diagram best represents a mixture of helium and hydrogen
chloride?
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Revision Questions3 Diversity
Chemical Composition
Structured Questions
1
The composition of the substance is shown below:
A student suggested that the substance was a compound, because
there is a fixed ratio of each element in the molecules. Explain if she
is right.
[2]
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Revision Questions3 Diversity
Chemical Composition
2
The solubility curve below shows how the solubilities of 6 different
substances vary with temperature.
(a)
State the general trend shown in the graphs.
[1]
(b)
State the solubility of substance A at 20 °C.
[1]
(c)
Mervyn tried to dissolve 40 g of potassium nitrate in 50 g of
water at 20 °C. Describe what he would observe. Show your
working clearly.
[2]
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Revision Questions3 Diversity
Chemical Composition
(d)
Suggest 2 different things Mervyn could do in order to dissolve
40 g of potassium nitrate in 50 g of water.
[2]
(e)
Calculate the mass of solid salt that could be obtained when
a solution containing 100 g of substance D in 200 g of water
is cooled from 100 °C to 20 °C.
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[3]
Revision Questions4 Diversity
Separation Techniques
4 Diversity:
Exploring Diversity of Matter using Separation Techniques
Multiple-Choice Questions
1
During a chromatography experiment, the ink did not move up the paper
and remained on the starting line.
Which of the following best explains this observation?
A
B
C
D
2
Too much ink was used.
The ink was a pure substance.
Too little solvent was used.
The ink was insoluble in the solvent.
The diagram shows the chromatogram obtained by analysis of a single
dye. Three measurements are shown.
Which expression shows the Rf value of the dye?
A
B
C
D
__x__
x+y
__y__
x+y
___x____
x+y+z
___y____
x+y+z
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Revision Questions4 Diversity
Separation Techniques
3
Some red powder is placed in a beaker, water is added and the
contents are stirred. The contents are then filtered and a black solid is
left on the filter paper. After evaporating the filtrate, yellow crystals are
left.
Which of the following analysis is correct?
A
B
C
D
4
The black solid is an element.
The red powder is an element.
The red powder is a mixture.
The yellow crystals is a mixture.
The table shows the colours and the solubilities in water of four solids,
W, X, Y and Z.
solid
W
X
Y
Z
colour
blue
blue
white
white
solubility in water
insoluble
soluble
insoluble
soluble
A mixture containing two of the solids is added to excess water, stirred
and filtered. A blue filtrate and a white residue are obtained.
Which two solids are present in the mixture?
A
C
5
W and X
X and Y
W and Y
X and Z
B
D
The diagram shows a chromatogram prepared using spots of five
different inks. How many different dyes were used to make the five
inks?
solvent
flow
x
A
C
3
5
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x
B
D
x
4
12
x
x
starting
line
Revision Questions4 Diversity
Separation Techniques
6
A solvent was used to extract the food dyes in a soft drink. Two drops of
the resulting solution were placed at the centre of a circle of filter paper,
labelled X, and allowed to dry. Ten drops of ethanol were slowly added
to the centre of the filter paper. The chromatogram was left to develop
for a while.
After some time, coloured circles were seen, as shown in the diagram
below.
What is likely to be the Rf value of the yellow dye?
A
0.24
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B
0.53
C
0.79
D
0.92
Revision Questions4 Diversity
Separation Techniques
7
The diagram below shows the experimental set-up for distillation of
petroleum. However, there is an error in the set-up.
Thermometer
Stopper
Glass tube
Test tube
Petroleum
Glass wool
Heat
Cold water
What is likely to be the error?
A
B
C
D
The thermometer bulb is placed at the wrong position.
The test-tube should be placed higher up from the cold water.
The glass wool should be placed higher up from the petroleum.
The stopper should be removed in order to release pressure.
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Revision Questions4 Diversity
Separation Techniques
Structured Questions
1
Chromatography was conducted to identify the components of a
colour pigment used in one of the crayons with 3 known dyes, A, B
and C.
Two experiments were carried out using different solvents and the
result is shown below.
(a)
(b)
From the result, which dye(s) is/are present in the pigment?
Explain your reasoning.
[2]
Calculate the Rf value of the most soluble spot in the crayon
pigment in ethanol.
[1]
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions4 Diversity
Separation Techniques
2
(a)
The following experiment was set up by a student to separate
a mixture of six miscible liquids, A to F.
condenser
fractionating
column
roundbottomed
flask
distillate
mixture
heat
The boiling points of the six liquids are shown below:
liquids
A
B
C
D
E
F
boiling
56
61
65
78
110 114
o
points/ C
(i)
Name the method used in this experiment to separate
the mixture of liquids.
[1]
(ii)
Which liquid will be collected first in the experiment? Give
a reason for your answer.
[2]
(iii)
Which liquid(s) remain in the boiling flask when the
temperature is 90 oC?
[1]
(iv)
Draw arrows on the diagram to show how water enters
and leaves the condenser.
[1]
(v)
State the purpose of the fractionating column.
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[1]
Revision Questions4 Diversity
Separation Techniques
(vi)
(b)
Suggest what can be done to check that the liquids
collected are pure.
[2]
Sulfur is soluble in ethanol but not in water, while salt is soluble
in water but not in ethanol. Outline steps that could be made to
obtain pure sulfur from a mixture of sulfur and salt.
[3]
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions4 Diversity
Separation Techniques
3
A straw-like device, is sometimes used by people in the outdoors to
drink water from bodies of water that they come across. A diagram
of the internal structure of the device is shown below.
(a)
State the method of separation used in steps 2 and 3.
[1]
(b)
Identify two types of impurities that cannot be removed from
the dirty water.
[2]
Suggest a method to further purify the water from the device.
[1]
(c)
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Revision Questions5 Models
Ray Model of Light
5 Models:
Ray Model of Light
Multiple-Choice Questions
1
Three objects, P, Q and R, are viewed through a plane mirror as shown
below.
obstacle
R
P
Q
mirror
When an obstacle is moved towards the mirror, which one disappears first
and which one disappears last?
disappears first
disappears last
A
P
Q
B
P
R
C
Q
R
D
R
Q
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions5 Models
Ray Model of Light
2
A metre rule XY with a small hole drilled at the 50-cm mark is held
vertically in front of a plane mirror PQ as shown.
X
0 cm
P
15 cm
10 cm
Q
Y 100 cm
If Tilly peeps through the hole and looks at the mirror, which parts of
the ruler will she be able to see?
A
B
C
D
3
0 cm mark to 100 cm mark
35 cm mark to 65 cm mark
40 cm mark to 70 cm mark
45 cm mark to 60 cm mark
A ray of red light enters a semi-circular glass block normal to the curved
surface.
Which of the following correctly shows the partial reflection and
refraction of the ray?
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions5 Models
Ray Model of Light
4
The diagram shows two divergent rays of light from an object O being
reflected from a plane mirror.
At which position is the image formed?
5
Eight students are standing in a straight line 0.5 m in front of a mirror.
The students are all spaced 0.3 m apart from each other. Student B is
standing directly in front of the edge of the mirror.
0.5 m
0.3 m
How many students, including himself, will the first student, A, be able
to see in the mirror?
A
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1
B
3
C
5
D
8
Revision Questions5 Models
Ray Model of Light
The diagram below shows a plane mirror placed at
distance of 400 cm in front of a man.
6
plane
mirror
70 cm
400
400cm
cm
doctor’s
test card
If the doctor’s test card is fixed at 70 cm behind the eyes
of the man, what is the distance of the image from the
man?
A
7
470 cm
B
800 cm
C
870
cm
D
940
cm
An object placed in front of a plane mirror at O produces an image I.
If the object moves towards the mirror in the direction shown by the
arrow. In which direction does the image move?
8
Which of the following statements about light is not true?
A
B
C
D
Light travels in straight lines.
Light consists of seven different colours.
Light travels at 3.0 × 108 m/s in a vacuum.
Light changes speed when it enters a different medium.
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions5 Models
Ray Model of Light
Structured Questions
1
(a)
State four characteristics of an image formed in a plane mirror.
[2]
(b)
Complete the diagram below to show how the light ray travels
after hitting the mirror.
Indicate and state clearly in your diagram, (i) the normal and
(ii) the angle of reflection.
[2]
(NB: Diagram is not drawn to scale)
40
mirror
(c)
The rectangular block shown in the diagram is made of
transparent plastic and glass.
Complete the diagram to show how a ray of light would pass
through and emerge from the rectangular block, given that
plastic is optically denser than glass.
[3]
air
glass
plastic
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions5 Models
Ray Model of Light
2
Billy is trying to make a device to enable him to see objects behind
him. He cuts a square box in half diagonally and sticks two plane
mirrors, A and B, on the inside of the box, as shown in Fig. 3.1.
mirror A
box
mirror B
Fig. 3.1
A second figure below shows the arrangement that is drawn with a
larger view. Two parallel rays from two different points on a distant
object behind the man are drawn in Fig. 3.2.
ray 1 from object
mirror A
ray 2 from object
mirror B
Fig. 3.2
(a)
Complete the ray diagram to show how the two rays of light
enter Billy’s eyes, and label the angles of incidence and
reflection at mirror B.
[3]
(b)
Suggest how the image Billy sees is different from an image
that is usually seen in one plane mirror.
[1]
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions5 Models
Ray Model of Light
3
A shoe shop places a mirror on the wall at height h above the
ground, so that customers can look at their new shoes. This is shown
in Fig. 4.1 below.
Fig. 4.1
The length of the mirror is 50 cm, and the distance between the
customer’s eyes and the ground is 150 cm.
(a)
Mark with a “X” where the customer would see the image of tip
of her shoes.
[1]
(b)
Draw light rays to show how she would see the tip of her shoes
in the mirror.
[2]
(c)
Showing your calculations, suggest the minimum value that
height h can take such that she can still see her shoes.
[2]
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions6 Models
Cells – The Basic Unit of Life
6 Models:
Cells – The Basic Unit of Life
Multiple-Choice Questions
1
The diagram shows a light microscope.
P
R
Q
T
S
The functions of some of the parts are:
1 lenses that provide primary magnification of the microscope
2 to adjust the amount of light passing through the specimen
3 to secure the microscope slide
4 adjust the height of the stage so as to bring the image of the
specimen into focus
Which row gives the correct match between function and label?
A
B
C
D
1
P
P
Q
Q
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2
S
T
S
T
3
R
S
R
R
4
T
Q
T
S
Revision Questions6 Models
Cells – The Basic Unit of Life
2
The diagram shows two cells as seen using a light microscope.
Which structure is correct for both cells?
A
B
C
D
3
The following shows four types of cells. Which is most likely a plant cell?
A
B
C
D
4
nucleus
absent
absent
present
present
large central vacuole
absent
absent
absent
present
chloroplast
absent
absent
absent
present
mitochondrion
present
absent
present
present
Which structure contains genes?
A
B
C
D
5
cell sap
chloroplast
cytoplasm
membrane
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
vacuole
What is the degree of permeability of a cell membrane and a cell wall?
A
B
C
D
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cell membrane
fully
fully
partially
partially
cell wall
fully
partially
fully
partially
Revision Questions6 Models
Cells – The Basic Unit of Life
6
The diagram shows the ultrastructure of a cell. (ultrastructure = structure as
seen under an electron microscope)
Which option correctly identifies the structure in the diagram and its
function?
A
B
C
D
7
name of structure
cytoplasm
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
mitochondrion
function of structure
stores substances
where chemical reactions occur
releases energy through aerobic respiration
controls the cell activities
The figure below shows a plant cell viewed under a microscope.
Which structure allows the plant to harness light energy to make food?
A
B
C
D
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions6 Models
Cells – The Basic Unit of Life
8
The diagrams represent the outer layer(s) of cells.
Which is correct for an animal cell?
9
The information below shows the levels of organisation in an organism.
cell → tissue → X → Y → organism
Which of the following correctly identifies X and Y?
A
B
C
D
X
blood
heart
muscles
stomach
Y
circulatory system
respiratory system
skeletal system
digestive system
10 Which of the following lists structures in order of increasing size and
complexity?
A
B
C
D
smallest,
least complex
heart muscle
cells
heart muscle
tissues
heart muscle
cells
heart muscle
cells
2022 Sec 1 Science
largest,
most complex
circulatory
system
heart
heart muscle
tissues
heart muscle
cells
blood
heart
blood
heart
heart
circulatory
system
heart muscle
tissues
circulatory
system
Revision Questions6 Models
Cells – The Basic Unit of Life
Structured Questions
1
Fig. 1.1 shows a typical animal cell.
Fig. 1.1
(a)
Identify the parts A, B and C.
A
[3]
C
B
(b)
Explain the significance of division of labour in the survival of the
cell.
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[3]
Revision Questions6 Models
Cells – The Basic Unit of Life
2
Fig. 2.1 shows a drawing of a single-celled organism, Euglena, made
by a student.
Fig. 2.1
(a)
Describe three features of Euglena that suggests it is an animal.
[3]
(b)
Name one feature of a plant cell that is absent in Euglena.
[1]
(c)
Using Fig. 2.1, suggest how Euglena is able to obtain nutrients
required for its growth.
[2]
(c)
The actual length of the organism (excluding the flagellum) is
0.0600 mm. Calculate the magnification of the drawing in
Fig. 1.1. Show your working clearly.
[2]
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Revision Questions6 Models
Cells – The Basic Unit of Life
3
Fig. 3.1 shows one of the steps involved in preparing a microscope
slide to view onion epidermal cells under the light microscope.
coverslip
solution P
Fig. 3.1
(a)
Identify solution P.
(b)
Describe what is happening in Fig. 3.1, and explain its importance
in ensuring the success in specimen preparation.
[2]
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[1]
Revision Questions6 Models
Cells – The Basic Unit of Life
4
Many of the cells in the body die and need to be replaced by new cells.
Table 4.1 shows how long different types of cells live.
Table 4.1
type of cell
liver cell
muscle cell
red blood cell
skin cell
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
lifespan /days
250
240
100
18
Identify the type of cell that is likely to have the highest rate
of division.
[1]
Suggest why the cell type in (i) divides at a relatively higher
rate.
[1]
Some information about nerve cells can be found below:
● All nerve cells develop when a person is very young.
● Most people in Singapore live for 70 years or more.
● As people become older, they often find it difficult to
remember things.
● The things we remember are stored in the nerve cells of
our brains.
● Nerve cells are never replaced.
Explain what this information tells you about the longevity of nerve
cells.
[2]
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Revision Questions7 Models
The Particulate Nature of Matter
7 Models:
The Particulate Nature of Matter
Multiple-Choice Questions
1
The diagram shows how the atoms in a substance rearrange themselves
during a change of state.
Which change in state is shown?
A
B
C
D
2
gas to liquid
liquid to solid
liquid to gas
solid to liquid
The diagram represents molecules in a liquid.
A and C are molecules with a high amount of kinetic energy.
B and D are molecules with a low amount of kinetic energy.
Which molecule is most likely to be leaving the liquid by evaporation?
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions7 Models
The Particulate Nature of Matter
3
A gas jar of sulfur dioxide (SO2) was placed on top of a gas jar of nitrogen
(N2) gas with the open ends together.
After 30 minutes, which of these statements would be true?
A
B
C
D
4
Some molecules of each gas would have moved into the other
gas jar.
The bottom gas jar would contain nearly all the sulfur dioxide
molecules.
The molecules of the two gases would not have mixed.
The top gas jar contained molecules of nitrogen gas only.
At −200 °C, a mixture of liquid oxygen, nitrogen and xenon is heated up
by 15 °C. The boiling points of some gases are given in the table below.
gases
Nitrogen
Xenon
Oxygen
boiling point / °C
−196
−108
−183
Which of the substances will be in the liquid state at this higher
temperature?
A
B
C
D
5
nitrogen only
xenon only
a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen
a mixture of xenon and oxygen
The diagram shows a cup of coffee.
Which option describes the water particles in the cup compared with
the water particles in the air above the cup?
moving slower
A
B
C
D
2022 Sec 1 Science
further apart
Revision Questions7 Models
The Particulate Nature of Matter
6
The chemical formula of hydrogen is H2. Air is made up of mainly
nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2).
The apparatus shown in the diagram was set up.
Over a period of time, how will the water level at X change?
A
B
C
D
7
It will fall, then rise and return to X.
It will fall and remain at a lower level.
It will rise, then fall and return to X.
It will rise and remain at a higher level.
A test-tube containing liquid X is placed in a beaker of boiling water.
The liquid X starts to boil immediately.
What is likely to be the boiling point of liquid X?
A
B
C
D
100 oC
above 100 oC
between 0 oC and room temperature
between room temperature and 100 oC
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions7 Models
The Particulate Nature of Matter
8
A glass of cold milk sometimes forms a coat of water on the outside of
the glass. How does most of the water get there?
A
B
C
D
9
Which of the following statements is true about the changes to the
particles of water vapour when it is in contact with a cold surface?
A
B
C
D
10
The coldness causes oxygen and hydrogen from the air to
combine on the glass forming water.
Water molecules evaporate from the milk and condense on the
outside of the glass.
Water molecules from the air condense onto the outside of the
glass.
Water molecules from the milk pass through the glass and
condense on the outside of the glass.
They move at very high speeds in all directions.
They move slower and fall into fixed positions.
They vibrate faster and break free from fixed positions.
They move slower and eventually slide over each other.
An experiment was set up as shown below.
lid
air
distilled water
purple potassium
manganate(VII) solution
After a few days, the two liquids had the same colour throughout.
Which one of the following changes will cause the colour of the two
liquids to be the same in the shortest time?
A
B
C
D
increase the temperature of the two liquids
decrease the temperature of distilled water
decrease the temperature of potassium manganate(VII) solution
increase the temperature of potassium manganate(VII) solution
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions7 Models
The Particulate Nature of Matter
11
The diagrams show the arrangement of particles of substance X when it
changes from state I to state II. Which of the following is true?
I
A
B
C
D
12
II
Substance X gives out energy.
The particles of substance X loses kinetic energy.
The forces of attraction between particles of substance X increase.
Substance X changes from the solid state to gaseous state.
Four identical gas jars are filled with different gases. The lids are taken
off the gas jars and they are left open to the air for an hour. Which gas
jar will have the least amount of the original gas in it?
2022 Sec 1 Science
CO
NO2
NH3
SO2
A
B
C
D
Revision Questions7 Models
The Particulate Nature of Matter
Structured Questions
1
Cut onions produce a chemical irritant that, when inhaled, stimulates
the eyes' tear ducts so they release tears.
(a)
Explain how the smell of onions reaches our nose.
(b)
Lydia suggested that refrigerating an onion before cutting it
would reduce the likelihood of tearing up when cutting the
onion. Explain her reasoning.
[2]
(c)
Larry found that soaking the onion in water while cutting it also
prevents tearing up when cutting it. Suggest a physical
property of the chemical irritant that led to this observation.
[1]
2022 Sec 1 Science
[1]
Revision Questions7 Models
The Particulate Nature of Matter
2
Answer the following questions by referring to the table below.
Substance
A
B
C
D
E
Melting Point / °C
−258.5
1 to 2
327.5
−7.1
−2 to −1
Boiling Point / °C
−100.2
98 to 99
1200
12
101 to 102
(a)
Which substance(s) is/are pure? Explain your answer.
(b)
Which substance is likely to be impure water? Explain your
answer.
[2]
2022 Sec 1 Science
[2]
Revision Questions7 Models
The Particulate Nature of Matter
3
(a)
Use the substances named in the table below to answer the
following questions.
substance
iodine
lead(II) bromide
methane
bromine
melting point/ ºC
114
370
−182
−7
boiling point/ ºC
184
914
−161
59
(i)
Name the substance which is a liquid at 120 ºC.
(ii)
Describe the change in arrangement of the particles in
bromine when heated from 50 ºC to 155 ºC.
[2]
(iii)
Describe the movement of the particles in methane at
−200 ºC.
[1]
(iv)
Draw the arrangement of the particles in iodine at the
temperature stated below. Use
to represent iodine
molecules.
[1]
at 1000 ºC
2022 Sec 1 Science
[1]
Revision Questions7 Models
The Particulate Nature of Matter
(b)
The diagram shows the start of an experiment using gas jars
of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
hydrogen
lid
carbon
dioxide
(i)
State the process that occurs when the lid is removed
during the experiment.
[1]
(ii)
Calculate the relative molecular masses of hydrogen
(H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases.
(iii)
2022 Sec 1 Science
[1]
State one similarity and one difference between the
movement of hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas.
[2]
Revision Questions8 Models
Atoms and Molecules
8 Models:
Atoms and Molecules
Multiple-Choice Questions
1
The diagram shows a helium atom.
Which particles in the helium atom have approximately the same
mass?
A
B
C
D
2
electron and proton only
electron and neutron only
proton and neutron only
electron, proton and neutron
The diagram shows the nuclei of 3 atoms.
Which of the following statements about X, Y and Z are correct?
A
B
C
D
3
X is not a nucleus because it does not have any neutrons.
X, Y and Z would have different numbers of electrons.
X, Y and Z represent three different elements.
X, Y and Z represent nuclei of the same element.
The symbol for an atom of neon is 20
10Ne.
Which statement about the atom is correct?
A
B
C
D
It contains half as many neutrons as protons.
It contains twice as many neutrons as protons.
The number of neutrons equals the number of protons.
The total number of neutrons and protons is thirty.
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions8 Models
Atoms and Molecules
4
The diagram represents the arrangement of atoms in a molecule of a
compound.
What is its formula?
A
B
C
D
5
The atomic structure and chemical properties of a recently discovered
unknown substance was analysed. Which finding below suggests that
the substance must be a new element?
A
B
C
D
6
CH2
C3H6
C3H6
3C6H
It does not have any isotopes.
Its atom has a proton number not found in the Periodic Table.
Its atom contains equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
Its valence shell contains eight electrons.
An element Y has the proton number 10.
The next element in the Periodic Table is an element Z.
Which statement is correct?
A
B
C
D
7
Element Z has one more electron in its outer shell than element
Y.
Element Z has one more electron shell than element Y.
Element Z is in the same Group as element Y.
Element Z is in the same Period as element Y.
The chemical compositions of two substances, W and X, are given.
W Na(AlSi3)O8
X Ca(AlSiO2)2O4
Which statements are correct?
1. W and X contain the same number of oxygen atoms.
2. W contains three times as much silicon as X.
3. X contains twice as much aluminium as W.
A
C
1 and 2
2 and 3
2022 Sec 1 Science
B
D
1 and 3
1, 2 and 3
Revision Questions8 Models
Atoms and Molecules
8
Which of the following statements does not describe molecules
correctly?
A
B
C
D
Molecules are neutral and do not have any charges.
Molecules can be attracted to other molecules with forces of
attraction.
Molecules always contain two or more atoms from different
elements.
Atoms in molecules share electrons in order to gain a noble gas
configuration.
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions8 Models
Atoms and Molecules
Structured Questions
1
(a)
The table below gives the number of protons, neutrons and
electrons in atoms or ions.
Complete the table. The first line is given as an example.
You will need to use the Periodic Table.
(b)
particle
number
of
protons
number
of
electrons
number
of
neutrons
A
6
6
6
B
17
18
18
C
8
8
7
D
20
18
20
nuclide
notation
Using the data in the table, explain how you can determine
whether a particle is an atom.
2022 Sec 1 Science
[3]
[1]
Revision Questions8 Models
Atoms and Molecules
2
Many chemists have contributed to the development of the modern
Periodic Table. John Newlands was one of the first chemists who
attempted to classify elements systematically based on atomic
weight (now known as relative atomic mass).
In 1866 he suggested that there was a repeating pattern of elements
with similar properties every eighth element.
Part of Newlands’ Periodic Table is shown below.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
H
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
K
Ca
Cr
Ti
Mn
Fe
Co, Ni
Cu
Zn
Y
In
As
Se
Br
Rb
Sr
Ce, La
Zr
Di, Mo
Ro, Ru
Many chemists in 1866 did not accept Newlands’ table.
(a)
Describe two differences between group 1 of Newlands’
Periodic Table and modern Periodic Table.
[1]
(b)
Compared to the modern Periodic Table, one thing that is
wrong with Newlands’ Periodic Table above is that groups 1
and 7 contain both metals and non-metals.
Suggest two other things about Newlands’ periodic table that
are incorrect.
[2]
2022 Sec 1 Science
Revision Questions8 Models
Atoms and Molecules
3
The diagram below shows a part of the Periodic Table.
Y
W
X
Z
In terms of the electronic structures, describe clearly, one similarity
and one difference, between atoms of elements W and Z.
[2]
Similarity:
Difference:
2022 Sec 1 Science