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 An organizied grouping of human habitation. It can
be a single home or a bustling metropolis.
 Ekistics : was coined by Constantinos Apostolos
Doxiadis in 1942.
concerns the science of human settlements, including
regional, city, community planning and
dwelling design. The study involves every kind of
human settlement, with particular attention
to geography, ecology,
human psychology, anthropology, culture, politics, and
occasionally aesthetics.
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 Anthropos – 1
 small metropolis – 500,000
 room – 2
 metropolis – 4 million
 house – 5
 small megalopolis – 25 million
 housegroup (hamlet) – 40
 megalopolis – 150 million
 small neighborhood (village) – 250
 small eperopolis – 750 million
 neighborhood – 1,500
 eperopolis – 7.5 billion
 small polis (town) – 10,000
 Ecumenopolis – 50 billion
 polis (city) – 75,000
 To distinguish between different types of
settlements, people often classify
settlements as either urban or rural.
 Urban :
 A settlement where the population is very
high and has the features of a built
environment.
 Planned settlement exists in urban areas, that
are developed according to the process of
urbanization and industrialization.
 Rural :
 An area located in the outskirts.
 Developed randomly, based on availability
of natural vegetation and fauna in the area.
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 Nucleated :
 ones where the houses are grouped
closely together, often around a central
feature like a church, pub or village
green. New settlements that are planned
often have a nucleated pattern.
 Dispersed :
 are ones where the houses are spread out
over a wide area. They are often the homes
of farmers and can be found in rural areas.
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 Linear :
 a (normally small to medium-sized) settlement or
group of buildings that is formed in a long line. Many
follow a transport route, such as a road, river, or
canal though some form due to physical restrictions,
such as coastlines, mountains, hills or valleys.
 Pre-Colonial Era :
 Barangay – basic socio-political unit of 30-100 families composing a tribe ruled by
kinship; arable land was held in common; decentralized; located along coastlines
and riverbanks, stratified class system Ex., Manila, Cebu
 Muslim coastal settlement in Jolo – seat of Sultan of Sulu remained as large villages
but untouched by colonialists, strong political and cultural structures.
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 Spanish-Colonial Era :
 Manila became capital and designated as ciudad with a population of 2000 and
became dominant due to the galleon trade
 A few years later became the “Walled Cuty of Manila or Intramuros” due to
insurrections and Chinese attacks
 Cebu, Naga Lallo, Panay and Vigan were designated as ciudades (cities) and villas
(towns) which acted as urban control points for the colonial gov’t; priests founded
their missions here to provide support and protection to the encomiendas; so they
had ecclesiastical, military and political function;
 Introduces concept of “Private Property Ownership” and the Regalian Doctrine (all
uncultivated lands reverted to the Crown)
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 July 3, 1573:
 Laws of the Indies pronounced by King Philip II – Spanish town planning influenced
by the Romans and the piazza planning of Italian Renaissance.
 Manila raised to the rank of Archdiocese with bishoprics in Cebu, Lallo & Naga
 1596:
 Social Stratification – Spanish friars became
biggest landholders), native principalia who
were coopted by colonialists into civil
administration due to shortage of Spaniards,
Chinese, landless masses and other
foreigners
 Spatial segregation along racial and social
lines – separate districts outside the ciudad
for Indios and Chinese developed in the
environs of Manila and other cities Ex.
Binondo – last Parian site for Urban Chinese.
Parian or Market – spatial concentration of
merchants and artisans to regularize the
exchange of goods.
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 1600s to 1700s
 These regional centers (ciudades and
villas) remained in control throughout
the period with the natives living on
the unplanned outer fringes of the city
 Process of Hispanization (control,
conversion and labor pool) through
the founding of cabeceras
(poblaciones) and visitas (barrios) –
hundreds of concentrated mission
settlements organized by the religious
in the lowlands;
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