Cambridge 10
Stepwells
• 1. What was the purpose of stepwells in
ancient India?
• 2. Where are stepwells primarily found in
India?
• 3. What is the significance of stepwells
beyond their utilitarian application?
• 4. What are some of the architectural
features of stepwells mentioned in the text?
• 5. Why have many stepwells fallen into
disuse and become derelict?
• 6. Which stepwell in Patan is considered one
of the finest examples?
• 7. Where is Chand Baori located and what
makes it unique?
Vocabulary
• a) fundamental (para 1)
• b) leisure (para 2)
• c) negotiate (para 2)
• d) vast (para 3)
• e) intricate (para 3)
• f) derelict (para 3)
• g) pristine (para 4)
• h) niches (para 4)
• i) devastating (para 4)
• j) hallmarks (para 4)
• k) renowned (para 5)
• l) commissioned (para 5)
• m) ruined (para 5)
• n) aesthetically (para 5)
• o) zigzagging (para 5)
• p) colonnaded (para 5)
• q) ingenuity (para 6)
Definitions:
1.very large
2.carefully made and full of detail
3.abandoned and in poor condition
4.in perfect condition
5.a small hollow space in a wall
6.extremely destructive
7.well-known for something
8.officially ordered to be built or done
9.destroyed
10.in a way that is pleasing to the eye
11.having sharp turns back and forth
12.having a row of columns
13.cleverness and inventiveness
Use three of the given vocabulary words from the list and make up sentences
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(n)
(o)
(p)
(q)
Trends and prospects for European transport systems
1. What are the two key factors behind the increasing
demand for passenger transport?
2. What has been the impact of changes in the
European economy on goods transport?
3. What is the objective of the EU's common transport
policy in relation to sustainable development?
4. What percentage of CO2 emissions in the transport
sector is attributed to road transport?
5. What are the three possible approaches mentioned in
the text to achieve a modal shift in transport?
6. What is the projected increase in CO2 emissions from
transport by 2020 if the traffic growth trend continues?
7. What is the market share of rail freight services and
the average speed of international goods trains
currently?
Vocabulary
1. vigorous
2. facilitate
3. spectacular
4. internal frontiers
5. stock economy
6. flow economy
7. relocation
8. candidates for entry
9. haulage
10. tipped
A. impressive and outstanding
B. borders between different countries
C. businesses that provide services
D. businesses that sell finished products
E. changed slightly
F. transporting goods by air
G. countries that are already members
H. moving something to a different location
1. J
2. I
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. H
8. G
9. F
10. E
I. make something more difficult
J. weak and unimportant
Use three of the given vocabulary words from the list and make up sentences
The psychology of innovation
1. According to Robert B. Cialdini, what is one reason why companies don't succeed as often as they should?
2. What does Cialdini believe is the importance of value fit in innovation?
3. How does teamwork tap into one of the basic drivers of human behavior, according to Cialdini?
4. What does Cialdini suggest managers should do to encourage innovation within a company?
5. According to the text, how does writing deepen an individual's engagement in a project?
6. What is the role of leadership in inhibiting or encouraging innovation, according to Cialdini?
7. What does the example of the 1956 photograph of Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, and Jerry Lee
Lewis at Sun Studios in Memphis demonstrate about the importance of value fit in innovation?
8. How does the principle of social proof contribute to the success of teamwork in innovation, as discussed by
Cialdini?
Vocabulary
1. substantial (para 1)
2. recruit (para 2)
3. emphasize (para 2)
4. intuitive (para 3)
5. counterintuitive (para 3)
6. collaborate (para 4)
7. feedback (para 4)
8. tap into (para 5)
9. pervasive (para 5)
10. prototype (para 6)
A. make something seem more important
B. employ someone
C. small or unimportant
D. based on feeling or instinct
E. widespread and affecting many people
F. a first model of something
G. seeming to be the opposite of what you might expect
H. work together on something
I. comments or information given to someone
J. make use of something
Use three of the given vocabulary words from the list and make up sentences
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. G
6. H
7. I
8. J
9. E
10. F