COUNSELING
■Counseling – For Nystul (2003)
defined it as basically an art and a
science wherein you endeavor to
weigh the objective and subjective
facets of the counseling process.
- As an art is the subjective dimension of
counseling. It upholds a flexible and creative
process whereby the counselor modifies the
approach to meet the developing needs of
the clients.
- As a science, on the other hand, is the
objective dimension of the counseling
process.
- In practical terms, counseling happens
when a person who is distressed asks for
help and permit another person to enter
into a kind of connection with him/her. It is
indicative with formal of someone in
search of counseling requests for time
and attention from person who will listen,
who will allow him/her to speak and who
will not condemn and criticize him/her.
Informal helping- is a kin with formal helping
in some ways such as presence of good
listening skills, empathy, and caring capacity.
■Based on Guidance and Counseling
Act of 2004, guidance and counseling
is the profession that implicates the
application of “ an integrated approach
to the development of a wellfunctioning individual “ through the
provision of support that aids an
individual to use his/her potential to the
fullest in accord with his/her interest ,
needs and abilities.
 At the American Counseling Association (ACA)
Conference in Pittsburgh in March 2010, the
representatives come to an agreement on a
mutual definition of counseling. They agreed that
counseling is a professional relationship that
empowers diverse individuals, families and group
to accomplish mental health, wellness, education,
and career goals (Kaplan, Tarvydas, and
Gladding, 2014).
■ The key component of individual, group,
organizational and community success
Detailed and expansive counseling goals
have been identified by Gibson and
Mitchell (2003), which are as follows:
■1. Development Goals – assist in
meeting or advancing the clients human
growth and development including
social, personal, emotional, cognitive,
and physical wellness.
■2. Preventive Goals – helps the client
avoid some undesired outcome.
■3. Enhancement Goals- enhance
special skills and abilities.
■4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client
to overcome and treat an undesirable
development
■5. Exploratory Goals- examining
options, testing of skills, trying new and
different activities, etc.
■6. Reinforcement Goals- helps client in
recognizing, that what they are doing,
thinking, and feeling is fine.
■7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring
the basic foundation of learning and
cognitive skills.
■8. Physiological Goals – involves
acquiring the basic understanding and
habits for good health.
■9. Psychological Goals – aids in
developing good social interaction skills,
learning
emotional
control,
and
developing positive self – concept.
Scope of Counseling
The wide ranges of human problems
create a widened scope and field of
counseling. Broadly, the scope of
counseling includes individual counseling,
marital and premarital counseling, family
counseling, and community counseling.
Ethical Principles
These are the ideas that underpin both personal and
professional codes.
1.Autonomy of individuals
Is based on the right to freedom of action and
freedom of choice in so far as the pursuit of these
freedom does not interfere with the freedom of
others ; counseling cannot happen unless the client
has made a free choice to participate.
Ethical Principles
2. Principle of Non maleficence
This refers to instruction to all
helpers or healers that they must
,above all, do no harm;
Beneficence refers to the order to
promote human welfare.
Ethical Principles
3.Principle of Justice
- Concerned with the fair distribution of
resources and services , unless there is
some acceptable reason for treating them
differently.
-For counseling , the principle has
particular relevance to the question access
ACTIVITY 101:
“Kind words are like honey – sweet to the soul and
healthy for the body”
- Proverbs 16:24
Instruction:
•
Form a big circle as a class
•
Individual must prepare one sheet of paper and pen
1. Interpersonal Skills
–counselors who are competent display ability to listen,
communicate ; empathize ; be present ; aware of
nonverbal communication; sensitive to voice quality ,
responsive to expressions of emotion, turn taking,
structure of time and use of language .
2. Personal beliefs and Attitude
- counselors have the capacity to accept others, belief in
potential of change, awareness of ethical and moral choices
and sensitive to values held by client and self.
3. Conceptual ability
– counselors have the ability to understand and assess client’s
problem; to anticipate future problems; make sense of
immediate process in terms of wider conceptual scheme to
remember information about the client.
4. Personal Soundness
– counselors must have no irrational beliefs that are destructive to
counseling relationships, self-confidence ,capacity to tolerate strong
of uncomfortable feelings in relation to the clients, secure personal
boundaries, ability to be a client ; must carry no social prejudice,
ethnocentrism and authoritarianism.
5. Mastery of Techniques – counselors must have a
knowledge of when and how to carry out specific interventions,
ability to assess effectiveness of the interventions,
understanding the rationale behind techniques, possession of
wide repertoire of intervention.
6. Ability to understand and work within social
system – this would be compromise of awareness of
family and work relationships of client the impact of
agency on the clients, the capacity to use support
networks and supervision ; sensitivity to client from
different gender, ethnicity , sexual orientation, or age
group.
7. Openness to learning and inquiry –
counselors must have the capacity to be curious
about client’s backgrounds and problems; being
open to new knowledge.
The clientele and audiences of the counseling
profession come from different settings.
Counselors deal with a mixture of people with
different concerns and issues.
People who abuse drugs – drug abuse is not just
harmful to our physical health but to our mental health
as well. It cannot be denied that the drug addiction
create more social problems and contribute to social
disintegration. Consequently, more youth victims cry for
help and seek for counselors’ attention.
People who use tobacco - slowly our population
recognizes the bad effects of tobacco to our health.
However, many people still use and continue use
tobacco even if it is deadly. Users find it difficult to
stop smoking. Hence, smokers who desire to quit
tobacco were added to the list of the counselor’s
audiences.
People who abuse alcohol – alcoholism is seen as a
disease alcoholics find it difficult to stop drinking on
their own. This requires help from a professional as it
requires appropriate treatment. However, an equally
important paradigm is to look at alcoholism as a
weakness of self – control and self –discipline
.therefore this requires intervention other than
treatment.
Women – most men still have less participation in
household responsibilities and child care. In this case,
women’s advancement is constrained. What complicates
this situation is the women’s perception about
themselves and the society’s expectations. Counselors
are responsible in helping women appreciate their own
values, abilities, aptitudes, and interests and to utilize
these to develop their full potential.
Older Adults – a transition from a busy life to retirement
stage must be instituted. This is a challenge to the
counseling profession. other issues that require attention of
counseling include loss of a partner ,decline of mental
capacity and mobility, increased loneliness ,decline in
financial security etc.
People with AIDS –acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS) has been labeled as the most feared
disease due to its incurability. Victims of this disease are
seeking help to improve their quality of life and to handle
their emotional stress and low self-esteem. Counseling’s
approach requires sensitivity and appreciation of the
intricacies of the disease. Counselors may also help in
assisting and educating the victims’ support system.
Victims of Abuse – this population represents victims of
domestic violence characterized by spouse and child abuses.
Spouse abuse is often associated with poverty, drug abuse
and career disappointments. The abuse has also become
rampant and has caused psychological damage to the
victims. The counselors are increasingly utilized to help the
victims.
Gay Men and Lesbian Women- they are usually the
victims of harassment, violence, discrimination, and
isolation. Gays and lesbians, like other sectors of the
society, suffer from peer denial, family clash, health
uncertainties and prejudgment. Counseling will focus
on
self-awareness,
selfacceptance
and
understanding.
VALUING ACTIVITY 30 PTS
ACTIVITY 20 POINTS
Act. 1 Locating the Counselors
Instruction:
1. Imagine that you are an agent.
2. Your role is to locate the work settings of the counselors.
3. Map out and draw their work setting.
Guide Questions:
1. How can you describe the work setting of a counselor?
2. What would be the surroundings of the counselor work place?
3. What would be your expectations about the work setting of a counselor?
Counselors in Schools – has grown rapidly. According to
Gibson and Mitchell (2003), counselors are recognized
especially in the preventive interventions and developmental
stage. There are elementary school counselors, junior high
school counselors, secondary school counselors, counselors
in vocational schools, counselors in higher education, and
counselors in community and junior colleges. The counseling
service in the schools is usually located under the student
affairs program. It is under the supervision of the Dean of
Students Affairs.
Counselors in the Community Setting – refers to
employment in community, agency, and other nonschool professional situations. Counselors can be
found in community and mental health agencies,
employment and rehabilitation agencies, correctional
settings, and marriage and family practice. ( Gibson
and Mitchell , 2003 )
Counselors in the Private Sector – refers to counselors who
decided to do full time work as private practitioners or engage
in part – time private practice while employed by community
agencies. This is feasible if the counselors expertise and
specialization matches or relevant to an adequate client
population in the geographic area. ( Gibson and Mitchell ,
2003 )
Counselors in the Government - counselors are also
present in various agencies of government or
institutions supported by the government that are into
social welfare, health, and education. Relevant
agencies or institutions include public schools, public
social welfare agencies such as that for the youth,
children, and the aging.
Valuing ACTIVITY 10 PTS.
1. What is the importance to know where the
counselors work?
2. If you are going to become a counselor what
particular work setting are you going to and
why?
1. Stage One:
Relationship Building
 This is the heart of counseling
process because it provides
the force and foundation for
the counseling to succeed.
 This stage involves establishing rapport,
 promote acceptance of the client as a person with
worth,
 establishing genuine interaction,
 promote direct mutual communication
 helping clients understand themselves,
 helping client focus and
 Slowly promote counselling relevant communication,
from the client.
2. Stage Two: Assessment
and Diagnosis
 One of the most crucial stages.
 This serves as the window for the
counsellor to have a thorough
appreciation of the client’s condition.
 It entails analysis of the root causes of
problems.
 The data that will be gathered in
diagnosis will be utilized in the
formulation of goals.
3 Stage Three: Formulation of
Counseling Goals
 Goals are important as it sets the
direction of the counselling process.
 It shall serve as the parameter of work
and the client-counsellor relationship.
 Counselling goals may be treated as a
process goal or outcome goal.
 The client and counsellor must agree
on the counselling goals.
4. Stage Four: Intervention and
Problem Solving
 Guidelines:
 A. The counselor has to provide a
mapping of the different approaches
offered.
 B. Describe the role of the counselor and
client for each procedure.
 C. Identify possible risks and benefits
that may come.
 D. Estimate the time and cost of each
procedure.
 Kafner and Busemeyer identified the six-stage
model for problem solving:
 Problem detection
 Problem definition
 Identification of alternative
solutions
 Decision-making
 Execution
 Verification
5. Stage Five: Termination and Follow –up
 The essential goal in counselling is to witness a client
progress on his/her own without the assistance of the
counselor.
 There are four components of termination which were
identified by Quintan and Holahan:
 1. Discussion of the end of counselling
 2. Review of the course of counselling
 3. Closure of the counsellor-client relationship
 4. Discussion of the client’s future and post-counselling plan
6. Stage Six: Research and
Evaluation
 This stage can be undertaken at
any point in the counselling stage.
 Research and evaluation are
fundamental part of the evaluation.
 Results of the research provide a
scientific appreciation of the
counselling situation.
ACTIVITY 103 (100 points)
COMICS STRIP
Create a Comic Strip that
will illustrate the six stages
of Counseling Process.