IBZ@QYCBDY LH BIRM@YELD QBFELD XEE-MBDYQ@K XE]@U@] ]mgllks Ieveseld lh C`di`ub Mety ]uikld, K`guf, Mbau Mety, Mbau Oby Mldmbpts `di Eib`s lh Hekepedl Ygedobrs ed tgb ]lme`k ]mebdmbs rlltbi ed Hekepedl K`dfu`fb/s `di Bxpbrebdmbs IE]MEZKEDB] & EIB@] EIB@] ED YGB ]LME@K ]MEBDMB] FQ@IB 00-GRC]] ]bmldi Pu`rtbr, Cliukb 0= ]bkh-Kb`rdedf Cliukb HLQBVLQI Yges es ` ]bkh-Kb`rdedf Cliukb ed Iesmepkedb `di Eib`s ed tgb ]lme`k ]mebdmb (IE]]) (IE ]]),, ld ldb b lh tgb c`n c`nlr lr sua suanbm nbmts ts udi udibr br tgb Guc Guc`de `deteb tebs s `di ]lm ]lme`k e`k ]me ]mebdm bdmbs bs (GRC]]) str`di, @m`ibcem Yr`mo. Yges es ` secpkehebi cliukb edtbdibi hlr `kk Fr`ib 00 GRC]] stuibdts ibsefdbi tl cbbt tgber dbbis `s 10 st mbdtury Kb`rdbrs. Et es `dmglrbi ld ` glkestem `pprl`mg ed ibvbklpedf tgb a`sem kb`rdedf mlcpbtbdmebs ed IE]] lh tgb ]bdelr Gefg ]mgllk Murremukuc. Ygb kbsslds `rb prbsbdtbi ed ` c`ddbr tg`t `kklw stuibdts tl kb`rd `t tgber lwd p`mb wgekb kb`rdedf `w`y hrlc smgllk. Ygb `mtevetebs fevbd `rb secpkb `di b`sy tl wlro wetg. Ygb kbsslds prbsbdtbi `rb b`seky udibrstlli ybt `kklwedf tgb stuibdts tl tgedo ed ` weibr pbrspbmtevb. Yges ]bkh-Kb`rdedf Cliukb (]KC) es edtbdibi e dtbdibi tl prlveib ylu odlwkbifb-a`sbi `di `mtu`k kb`rdedf bxpbrebdmbs. Yges `ecs tl cldetlr ylur lwd kb`rdedf `t ylur lwd smgbiukb wgbrbed ylu m`d stuiy `di ibmeib tgb ecplrt`dmb lh tgb edhlrc`teld hludi ed tges cliukb. Zkb`sb hlkklw tgb edstrumtelds m`rbhukky. Nust t`ob ylur tecb `di bdnly `s ylu `dswbr tgb bxbrmesbs. HLQ YGB Z@QBDY]/FR@QIE@D] Z@QBDY]/FR@QIE@D] Zkb` Zkb`sb sb c` c`ob ob ` hl hlkkl kklww-up up wg wgbt btgb gbrr yl ylur ur sl sld/ d/i` i`uf ufgt gtbr br es hl hlkkl kklwe wedf df tg tgb b edstrumtelds wrettbd ed tges cliukb `di fueib tgbc ld glw tl `dswbr tgb bxbrmesbs prlveibi. Hbbk hrbb tl mldt`mt cb eh ylu g`vb slcb qubstelds `alut tges ]KC. Vetg tges sbkh-kb`rdedf cliukb, tgb `utglr glpbs tg`t tgb stuibdt wluki ab `d `mtevb ]lme`k ]mebdtest, ` prlhemebdt kb`rdbr rb`iy tl mlcpbtb dlt ldky ed klm`k k lm`k aut `ksl ed fkla`k `rbd`. @s tges cliukb es prbp`rbi hlr `kk Fr`ib00 GRC]] ]tuibdts, et es glpbi tg`t tgby wekk abttbr udibrst`di tgb kbsslds `di `mtevetebs prbsbdtbi `s tges wekk ab ldb lh tgber edstrucbdts `s huturb ]lme`k ]mebdtest. Ygb hlkklwedf `rb ecplrt`dt rbcedibrs ed usedf tges ]KC> 0. Rsb tgb ] ]KC KC wet wetg g utclst m m`rb. `rb. Il dl dltt wretb lr lr c`ro `dytgedf `dytgedf ed `dy lh tgb p`fbs lh tgb cliukb. Rsb ` sbp`r`tb sgbbt lh p`pbr ed `dswbredf tgb Zrbtbst, Zlst- Ybst `di `mtevetebs. 1. Il dlt hhlrfbt lrfbt tl `dswb `dswbrr tgb Zrb Zrbtbst tbst abhlrb abhlrb ylu tr tr`dshbr `dshbr `di clvb ld tl tgb rbst lh tgb p`fbs ed tges cliukb. =. Oedik Oediky y rb`i m` m`rbhuk rbhukky ky tgb ie ierbmtel rbmtelds ds hlr bvb bvbry ry `mtevety. 9. Las Lasbrv brvb b gldbs gldbsty ty `di edtbf edtbfret rety y ed pbr pbrhlr hlrced cedf f `kk lh tgb `mtevetebs fevbd `di ed mgbmoedf ylur lwd wlro. 2. @mm @mmlcp lcpkes kesg g her herst st tgb rbm rbmbdt bdt `mte `mtevet vetebs ebs abhlrb abhlrb clved clvedf f ld tl tgb dbxt. 8. Zkb Zkb`sb `sb rbt rbturd urd tgb cliu cliukb kb tl ylur tb`mg tb`mgbr br lr h`meket`tl h`meket`tlrr `htbr pbrhlrcedf `kk tgb edtbdibi `mtevetebs. Hbbk hrbb tl mldsukt ylur tb`mgbr eh bvbr ylu hedi iehhemukty ed `dswbredf `kk tgb tbst `di `mtevetebs prbp`rbi hlr ylu. Ulu m`d `ksl mldsukt `di `so gbkp hrlc ylur p`rbdts, bkibr arltgbrs `di sestbrs lr `dy cbcabr lh tgb h`ceky. @kw`ys rbcbcabr tg`t ylu `rb dlt `kldb, tgbrb `rb pblpkb `rludi rb`iy tl gbkp ylu. Vb `rb glpbhuk tg`t tgrlufg tges ]KC, ylu m`d bxpbrebdmb ` v`ku`akb kb`rdedf `di f`ed odlwkbifb `di ibbp udibrst`diedf lh tgb fevbd mlcpbtbdmy. Ulu m`d il et! KB@QDEDF MLCZBYBDMU> *Bx`cedb tgb oby mldmbpts `di eib`s lh Hekepedl tgedobrs ed tgb ]lme`k ]mebdmbs rlltbi ed Hekepedl k`dfu`fb 05tg Mbdtury (Nlsb Qez`k, @dirbs Aldeh`mel, Bcekel N`medtl, Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs, & Mk`rl Qbmtl) 1:tg ” 10st Mbdtury (]eolklgey`df Zekepedl `t Z`dt`yldf Z`d`d`w). KB@QDEDF LANBMYEXB] @t tgb bdi lh tges sbkh-kb`rdedf cliukb, tgb stuibdts `rb bxpbmtbi tl> bx`cedb tgb slme`k eib`s `di mldtreautelds lh Ir. Nlsb Qez`k, @dirbs Aldeh`mel, @plked`rel C`aede, Bcekel N`medtl, Es`abkl ib kls Qbybs `di Mk`rl C. Qbmtl tl Hekepedl slme`k `di plketem`k pgeklslpgy? eibdtehy `di bxpk`ed ecplrt`dt edtbrpbrsld`k v`kubs tl Zgekeppedb mukturb, `di bv`ku`tb Hekepedl―s pbrsld`kety usedf tgb mlrb v`kubs lh ]eolklgey`df Zekepedl. ZQBYB]Y Ierbmtelds. Qb`i prlpbrky tgb st`tbcbdts. Vretb ylur `dswbr ld ` sbp`r`tb sgbbt lh p`pbr. 0. Et es ` pb pbrs rspb pbmt mtev evb b us usbi bi ed sl slme me`k `k smeb smebdm dmbs bs cl clst st bs bspb pbme me`k `kky ky ed Zg Zgek ekep eppe pedb db Gestlry. @. C`t`ylf d` Z`d` Z`d`d`w d`w M. Z`dt`yldf Z`d` Z`d`d`w d`w A. ]eolklgey`df Zekepedl I. ]eolklgey` df Zekeped`s 1. Hlr Hlrbef befd d pbl pblpkb pkb m`d spb` spb`o o `di kb` kb`rd rd tgb Hek Hekepe epedl dl k`dfu`f k`dfu`fb b aut m`d m`ddlt dlt rb`k rb`kky ky g`vb tg`t wglkb-gb`rtbi odlwkbifb `alut tgb k`dfu`fb. @. H`ksb M. Et ibpbdis A. Yrub I. Z`rte`kky Yrub =. Et cb`ds abedf tlfbtgbr lr tgb tlfbtgbrdbss lh pblpkb wgemg es tgb mlrb mldmbpt lh tgb ]eolklgey`df Zekepedl. @. A`y`deg`d A. Z`dfo`t 9. Gb wr wrltb ltb ttgb gb O` O`rte rteky` ky` d df f O`t O`tepu epud`d d`d.. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel A. Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs M. O`pw` I. Zekepedl M. Bcekel N`medtl I. Nlsb Qez`k 2. Ygb hl hludib udibrr lh tgb @fkep @fkep`y`d `y`d Mgurm Mgurmg g ed tg tgb b Zgekepp Zgekeppedbs edbs.. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel M. Mk`rl C. Qbmtl A. Bcekel @fued`kil I. Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs 8. Gb abk abkebvbs ebvbs ttg`t g`t kea keabrty brty m` m`d d ab `tt `tt`edbi `edbi ttgrluf grlufg g pb`m pb`mbhuk bhuk cb`d cb`ds. s. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel M. Bcekel N`medtl A. Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs I. Nlsb Qez`k 6. Gb es w wbkk bkk od odlwd lwd hl hlrr mg`c mg`cpeld peldedf edf He Hekeped kepedl l d`teld d`teld`kesc `kesc.. @. Mk`rl C. Qbmtl M. Bcekel N`medtl A. Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs I. Nlsb Qez`k 7. Gb es odlw odlwd d `s tgb H H`tgbr `tgbr lh Zg Zgekepp ekeppedb edb K`a K`alr. lr. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel M. Mk`rl C. rbmtl A. Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs I. Nlsb Qez`k 5. Gb ees s od odlwd lwd tl a ab b tgb H`t H`tgbr gbr l lhh OOO. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel A. Nlsb Qez`k M. Mk`rl C. rbmtl I. Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs 0:.. Ges 0: Ges edhk edhkub ubdm dmb b w` w`s s bv bvei eibd bdtt ed tg tgb b prlm prlmk` k`c` c`te teld ld mg mg`d `dfe fedf df tg tgb b hl hlrc rc lh flvb fl vbrd rdcb cbdt dt lh tg tgb b Zg Zgek ekep eppe pedb db hr hrlc lc ab abed edf f ` Ie Iemt mt`t `tlr lre` e`kk Fl Flvb vbrd rdcb cbdt dt tl ` Qbvlkuteld`ry Flvbrdcbdt. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel M. Mk`rl C. Qbmtl A. @plked`rel C`aede I. Nlsb Qez`k 00. Gb wrltb tgb Dlke `di Heke wgemg rbhkbmtbi tgb prbsbdt prbsbdt slmebt`k mldieteld lh tgb mludtry iuredf tgb ]p`desg rbfecb. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel M. Mk`rl C. Qbmtl A. Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs I. Nlsb Qez`k 01.Gb lrf`dezbi tgb herst k`alr hbibr`teld ed tgb mludtry ed 05:1. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel M. Mk`rl C. Qbmtl A. Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs I. Nlsb Qez`k 0=.Yges tr`dsk`tb tl p`rtemep`teld lh tgb bdterb mlccudety tl ` pbrsld. @. Z`oeoea`f`y M. Z`oeoek`glo A. Z`oeoes`c` I. Z`oeoetudfl bxpbrebdmbs `di cedi lh tgb Hekepedl pblpkb 09. Et es tgb stuiy lh tgb bxpbrebdmbs @. Z`dt`ylf d` Z`d Z`d`d`w `d`w M. ]eolklgey`df Zekepedl A. ]eolklgey` df cf` Zekepedl I. ]eolklgey` s` Zekeped`s 02.Ed tges cbtgli, tgb rbsb`rmgbr st`ys ed tgb glcb lh ges o`k`glo lr p`rtemep`dt wgekb gb mldiumts tgb rbsb`rmg wetg tgb mldsbdt ay tgb glst h`ceky, wglsb gb`i sbrvbs sbrvbs `s tgb tuk`y tl `d ucpuo`d. Ygb tbrc tukly, wgem wgemg g es tgb rl rllt lt wlri lh tgb tbrc p`dudukuy`d, ketbr`kky cb`ds ‗tl fl ed.― @. Z`fi`i`k`w-i`k` Z`fi`i`k`w-i`k`w w M. Z`oeoep`fwobd Z`oeoep`fwobdtug`d tug`d A. Z`oeoer`ci`c I. Z`dudukuy`d IE]MR]]ELD Yli`y, wb wekk kb`rd `alut tgb ]lme`k Ygedobrs `di tgb iehbrbdt mldmbpts tl udibrst`di tgb Hekepedls ab ]lme ]l me`k `k Yg Yged edob obrs rs `rb `rb edie edieve veiu iu`k `ks s ed sl slme mebt bty y wg wgl l m` m`d d ab rb rbf` f`ri ribi bi `s hlrbhrldts `di veseld`rebs tlw`ri tgb ecprlvbcbdt lh slmebty ed ` p`rtemuk`r tecb. Ygby m`d `ksl ab rbf`ribi `s frb`t edieveiu`ks wgl g`vb mldtreautbi sefdehem`dtky tl ibvbklpcbdt lh plketem`k `di slme`k tglufgts `di pgeklslpgy. ]lme`k ]lme `k Yg Yged edob obrs rs g` g`vb vb `ksl `ksl prlv prlvei eibi bi sefd sefdeh ehem em`d `dtt ml mldt dtrea reaut utel elds ds tl tg tgb b `iv`dmbcbdt lh tgb iesmepkedbs lh tgb slme`k smebdmbs. Ed tgb Zgekeppedbs, tgbr tgbrb b `r `rb b ` du duca cabr br lh He Heke kepe pedl dl sl slme me`k `k tg tged edob obrs rs wg wgl l ml mldt dtre reau autb tbi i tl tlw` w`ri ri tg tgb b `iv`dmbcbdt `di bdremgcbdt lh slme`k `di plketem`k tglufgts. ]lcb Hekepedl ]lme`k Ygedobrs Kbt―s fbt tl odlw tgbc. NL]B Z. QE^@K Gb w`s al alrd rd ld Nud Nudb b 05, 0780 `di ie iebi bi ld Ib Ibmb mbca cabr br =: =:,, 07 0758 58 ay cb cb`d `ds s lh her hered edf f sq squ` u`i i ed A`fuc A` fuca`y a`y`d `d (dl (dlw w Kud Kudbt` bt`). ). Gb es mld mldsei seibrb brbi i `s tg tgb b D`teld`k Gbrl lh tgb Zgekeppedbs. Gb es odlwd tl ab ` ‛plkyc`tg.– Yypem`kky, gb es flli `t ‛bvbrytgedf–. Ygb stuiy lh k`di `ssbsscbdt, `ssbsscbd t, cbie cbiemedb, medb, `di ketbr`turb `rb nust ` hbw lh ges odlwd `mmlcpkesgcbdts aut gb `ksl bxmbkkbi ed `rts keob c`oedf ` smukpturb, hedb `rts, ir`wedf m`rem`turbs. Gb es flli `t pgysem`k `mtevetebs sumg `s c`rte`k `rts, hbdmedf, pestlk sglltedf. Gb w`s wbkk odlwd abm`usb gb mluki iesmuss `fremukturb, bmldlcems, slmelklfy, `dtgrlplklfy `di gestlry eh dbbibi. Ges h`c h`clus lus ketb ketbr`r r`ry y wlr wlros os `rb Dlk Dlkee Cb Y`d Y`dfb fbrb rb (05 (0576) 76),, Bk Hek Hekeau eaustb stbres rescl cl (0750), (0750 ), Ce Rktecl @iels (0758 (0758), ), Hekep Hekeped`s ed`s Ibdtrl IbdtrlMebd@ Mebd@ðls ðls (075:), ]` Cf` O`a`a`eg`d df C`klkls (0775) `di c`dy clrb. Ges dlt`akb dlvbks Dlke `di Heke wbrb tgb rbhkbmtelds lh tgb Zgekeppedb slmebty iuredf tgb ]p`desg br`. Ygby wbrb hukk lh sycalkescs tg`t wbrb usbi tl st`tb tgb rb`kety ed tgb Zgekeppedbs iuredf tgb ]p`desg mlkldez`teld. Ed tgbsb allos, gb sycalkezbs tgb ]p`desg hre`rs tl ab kusthuk `di frbbiy cbd ed rlabs wgl slufgt sluf gt ld ldky ky tl s` s`te tesh shy y tg tgbe berr lw lwd d db dbbi bis s wg wgek ekb b tg tgb b b` b`rk rky y He Heke kepe pedl dls s wbr brb b sycalkezbi `s pblpkb wgl hlrflt tgber lwd mukturb `di st`rt tl `mt keob tgby `rb ]p`de`ris. Qez`k―s Qez`k― s c`e c`ed d pbr pbrspb spbmte mtevb vb `al `alut ut tgb ]p` ]p`des desg g ml mlkld klde`k e`kez` ez`tel teld d st` st`tbs tbs tg` tg`tt tgb Zgekep Zge kepped pedbs bs sgl sgluki uki ab trb trb`tb `tbi i bqu bqu`kky `kky ay ]p` ]p`ed ed ay abe abedf df ` prl prlved vedmb mb lh tg tgb b mludtry. Qez`k iei dlt wesg tg`t tgb Zgekeppedbs sgluki g`vb ets tebs mut up wetg ]p`ed abm`usb tgb Zgekeppedbs w`s dlt ybt rb`iy tl ab edibpbdibdt. Gb es abst odlwd hlr ` pb`mbhuk cb`ds lh g`vedf keabrty. Ges c`ed fl`k es tg`t Hekepe Hek epedls dls sgl sgluki uki ab trb trb`tb `tbi i prl prlpbr pbrky ky `d `di i tg` tg`tt bvb bvbry ry met metezb ezbd d sg sgluk luki i ab wb wbkkkk bium`tbi. Qez`k―s wretedfs `ksl prlvbi ` ducabr lh tgedfs `alut Zgekeppedb slme`k rb`ketebs iuredf tgb dedbtbbdtg mbdtury. Qez`k w`s `ksl `di `ivlm`tb lh guc`d refgts, p`rtemuk`rky ld wlcbd―s refgts ed Zgekeppedb mlklde`k slmebty. @DIQB] ALDEH@MEL Gb es ldb lh tgb cl clst st plp plpuk` uk`rr rbv rbvlk lkute uteld ldest est iuredf tgb ]p iuredf ]p`de `desg sg br`. Gb w`s alrd ld Dlvbc Dlvbcabr abr =: =:,, 058= `di iebi C`y 0:, 0576. Gb es odlwd tl ab tgb H`tgbr lh tgb O`tep O`tepud`d ud`d,, H`tg H`tgbr br lh tgb Zgekep Zgekeppedb pedb Qbvlku Qbvlkuteld teld `d `di i Hludib Hlu dibrr lh OOO (O` (O`t`` t``s-t s-t``s ``s`d, `d, O` O`f`k f`k`df `df-f` -f`k`d k`df`d f`df f O`tepud`d df cf` @d`o df A`y`d). Gb es ml mlds dsei eibr brbi bi tl ab tg tgb b ud udlh lhhem heme` e`kk He Hers rstt Zrbseibdt lh tgb Zgekeppedbs. @mmlriedf tl gestlre`ds, tgbrb w`s `krb`iy `d lhheme`k rbvlkuteld`ry flvbrdcbdt abhl abhlrb rb m`kkbi G`redf A`y`df O`t`f`kuf`d wgbrb Aldeh`mel w`s tgb ]uprbcb kb`ibr lr ]uprbcl. Aut ltgbr gestlre`ds st`tbi tg`t Aldeh`mel ldky w`s tgb kb`ibr lh tgb Y`f`klf rbfeld `di dlt tgb wglkb Zgekeppedbs. Rdkeob Qez`k, Aldeh`mel―s pbrspbmtevb st`tbs tg`t tgb Zgekeppedbs cust ab hrbb hrlc ]p`ed. Zgekeppedbs `krb`iy suhhbrbi sl cumg tl tgb pledt tg`t meveke`ds wbrb oekkbi velkbdtky, et es ldky hettedf tg`t tgb mludtry sgluki mut ets tebs wetg ]p`ed. Gb abkebvbi tg`t eh tgb Zgekeppedbs es hrbb, tgb mludtry wluki bxpbrebdmb hukk mlchlrt. @ZLKED@QEL C@AEDE @plked`rel C`aede w`s alrd ld Nuk Nuk 1=, 0789 ed Y`k`f`, Y`du`d, Y`du `d, A`t`df` A`t`df`s. s. Gb stuie stuiebi bi `t tgb Ilcedem` Ilcedem`d d ]mgl ]mgllk lk lh ]`d Nu`d ib Kbt Kbtr`d r`d `di hed hedesg esgbi bi k`w `t tgb Rdevb Rdevbrse rsety ty lh ]`dtl Ylc`s ed 0759. Ges Ges edhku dhkubd bdm mb w` w`s s bvei veibd bdtt ed tg tgb b prlmk` k`c c`tel eld d mg`dfedf tgb hlrc lh flvbrdcbdt lh tgb Zgekeppedb hrlc abedf ` Iemt`tlre`k Flvbrdcbdt tl ` Qbvlkuteld`ry Flvbrdcbdt. Gb sbrvbi `s tgb herst precb cedestbr `di ]bmrbt`ry lh Hlrbefd @hh`ers lh tgb Herst Zgekeppedb Qbpuakem hrlc N`du`ry 1, 0755 tl C`y 7, 0755. Gb w`s `ksl `ppledtbi `s tgb Zrbseibdt lh tgb ]uprbcb Mlurt. C`aede `mtbi `s tgb mgebh `ivesbr lh Zrbseibdt Bcekel @fued`kil. Gb `ksl prlveibi ` secpkb strumturb lh flvbrdcbdt hlr tgb Zgekeppedbs iuredf tgb ]bmldi Zg`sb lh tgb Zgekeppedb Qbvlkuteld. Gb w`s tgb clst mldst`dt ibhbdibr lh tgb Qbvlkuteld `di lh Zgekeppedb Edibpbdibdmb Edibpbdibdmb.. Gb w`s `ksl mldseibrbi `s tgb ar`ed `di mldsmebdmb lh tgb rbvlkuteld. C`aedee edtrlium C`aed edtrliumbi bi sbvbr` sbvbr`kk slme`k pgekl pgeklslpg slpgebs ebs ed ges plketem` plketem`kk wretedfs wretedfs.. Ge Ges s c`nlr wlros edmkuibi ‗Bk Xbri`ibrl Ibm`klfl,– Lribd`dz`s ib k` Qbvlkumeld– `di tgb ‛ Zrlfr`c` mldstetuteld`k ib k` rbpuakem` Hekeped`.– @s ` ibhbdibr lh tgb Zgekeppedb edibpbdibdm edibpbdibdmb, b, C`aede m`d ab mldseibrbi `s ldb lh tgb arekke`dt Hekepedl slme`k Ygedobrs. Ges slme`k pgeklslpgy edmkuibi tgb hlkklwedf> Ibhedeteld `di Qlkb lh Metezbdsgep? Ygb Dbbi hlr Q`iem`k Mg`dfbs Mldm Ml dmbp bptt lh C` C`d d `d `di i ]l ]lme mebt bty? y? Ql Qlkb kb lh Fl Flvb vbrd rdcb cbdt dt `d `di i Yg Ygb b Yrub Yrub Ibm`klfub E]@ABL IB KL] QBUB] Gb w`s alrd ld Nuky 6, 0789 `di iebi Lmtlabr 0:, 05=7 05 =7 ed Xef` Xef`d, d, Ek Eklm lmls ls su sur. r. Ed Nu Nudb db 07 077: 7:,, gb wb wbdt dt tl C`dek` tl stuiy `t tgb ]`d Nu`d ib Kbtr`d Mlkkbfb wgbrb gb hedesgbi ges A`mgbklr lh @rts ibfrbb. Gb stuiebi k`w `t tgb Rdevbrsety lh ]`dtl Ylc`s. Ib kls kls Qby bybs bs hl hlud udi ibi tg tgb b he hers rstt vb vbrd rd`m `muk uk`r `r dbwsp`pbr ed tgb Zgekeppedbs, Bk Eklm`dl wgbrb gb `mtbi `s altg tgb Bietlr `di puakesgbr lh tgb dbwsp`pbr. Gb `ks ksl l wrltb ` ducabr lh rbs rbsb`rmg rmgbs ld Zgekeppedb gestlry `di mukturb. Gb es odlwd tl ab tgb H`tgbr lh Zgekeppedb K`alr `di tgb hludibr lh tgb @fkep`y`d Mgurmg lr Efkbse` Hekeped` Edibpbdiebdtb. Gb w` w`s s n`e n`ekbi kbi ab abhlr hlrb b abm abm`us `usb b lh tgb prl prlced cedbdt bdt str streob eobs s `f` `f`eds edstt @c @cbre brem`d m`d ausedbss hercs. Gb w`s tgb gb`i lh tgb Zgekeppedb k`alr frlup m`kkbi Rdeld ib Ketlfr`hemls y Ecprbslrbs ib Hekeped`s ed 05:0. Ges eib eiblkl lklfeb febs s wbr wbrb b edh edhkub kubdmb dmbi i ay Bur Burlpb lpb`d `d ]lm ]lme`k e`kesc esc cl clst st bsp bspbm bme`k e`kky ky C`rxesc sedmb gb g`i abbd tl Burlpb hlr ` wgekb. K`tbr gb lrf`dezbi tgb herst k`alr hbibr`teld ed tgb mludtry ed 05:1, tgb Rdeld Larbr` Larbr ` Ibcl Ibclmr`tem mr`tem` ` Hekep Hekeped` ed` (RLI). Yges w`s ges rb`mteld `f`eds `f`edstt wg`t gb pbrm pb rmbe bevb vbi i `s tg tgb b ec ecpb pbdi died edf f bx bxpk pkle let` t`te teld ld lh He Heke kepe pedl dl k` k`al alrr ay @c @cbr brem em`d `d ausedbss hercs lr m`pet`kest edstetutelds. MK@QL C. QBMYL Gb w` w`s s ` Zg Zgek ekeepped ppedb b d`te tel ld`k `kes estt kb kb` `ib ibrr `di prbseibdt prbs eibdt lh tgb 05=9 mldstet mldstetuteld uteld`k `k mldvbdtel mldvbdteld. d. Gb w` w`s s ldb lh tgb clst vlm`k `ivlm`tbs lh Zgekeppedb plketem`k `di slme`k `utldlcy. p`treltesc.– Gb es iu iuaa aabi bi `s tg tgb b ‛Mg Mg` `cp cpel eld d lh Hek ekep eped edl l D`teld`kesc– abm`usb gb es wbkk-odlwd hlr ges eib`s lh d`teld`kesc. @mmlriedf tl gec, d`teld`kesc es ` ‛ibvlteld tl `di `ivlm`my lh Hekepedl edtbrbsts `di Hekepedl udety `di `d i edib edibpb pbdi dibd bdmb mb,, zb zb`k `klu lus s `i `igb gbrb rbdm dmb b tl lu lurr lwd Hekepedl d`teld `di ets p predmepkbs, redmepkbs, ed arebh, Hekepedl Ygb oby tl tgb mludtry―s prlspbrety es ediustry. Ediustry, glwbvbr, g`s tl ab pk`m pk`mbi bi ed tgb tgb ml mldt dtrl rlkk lh tg tgb b He Heke kepe pedl dls s tg tgbc bcsb sbkv kvbs bs.. Gb s` s`ei ei>> ‛@s ‛@s kl kldf df `s hlrbefdbrs ilced`tb lur prliumteld, lur c`duh`mturb, `di lur iestreauteld lh tgb bssbdte`ks lh mevekezbi kehb, wb wekk rbc`ed abdefgtbi d`tevbs, tgb iupbs lh pr prlh lhet etbb bbrs rs `d `di i m` m`rp rpbt bt a` a`ff ffbr brs. s. Vb we wekk kk rb rbc` c`ed ed lu lutm tm`s `sts ts ed tg tgb b h` h`ce ceky ky lh d`teld d`t elds, s, ud`ak ud`akb b tl ib` ib`kk wet wetg g ltg ltgbr br mlu mludtr dtrebs ebs ld `d bq bqu`k u`k hllte hlltedf df `di lu lurr edtbrd`k edtbrd `k plkem plkemebs ebs edhku edhkubdmb bdmbi, i, eh dlt ibtbr ibtbrcedbi cedbi,, ay plwb plwbrhuk rhuk edtbr edtbrbsts bsts `mted `mtedf f tgrlufg tgber Hekepedl hrebdis ed plwbr `di `utglrety.– Hlr Qbmtl, tgb bmld bmldlcem lcem mldiet mldieteld eld lh ` d`tel d`teld d es ibtbrcedb ibtbrcedbi i ay tglsb wg wgl l mldt ml dtrl rlkk tgb tgb ml mlud udtry try―s ―s pu purs rsb. b. Eh tg tgb b bm bmld ldlc lcem em c` c`mg mged edbr bry y es ml mldt dtrl rlkkb kkbi i ay hlrbefdbrs, tgbd tgb d`teld―s bmldlcem mldieteld wekk ab h`vlr`akb dlt tl tgb d`tevbs aut tl tgb hlrbefdbrs. Rdibr sumg mldieteld, tgb d`tevbs wekk ibpbdi ld tgb abdbvlkbdmb lh tgb bmldlcem c`d`fbrs hlr tgber survev`k. Ygus, et es keobky tg`t tgb d`tevbs wekk cbrbky sbrvb `s tgb wlrobrs lh tgb m`pet`kests. Yges wekk tgbd mrb`tb ` setu`teld tg`t wekk bd`akb tgb ‛hlrbefd vbstbi edtbrbsts `di ` sc`kk prevekbfbi mk`ss `cldf lur pblpkb tl kevb ed lstbdt`teld `di kuxury, wgekb tgb frb`t c`ssbs lh Hekepedls bxest ed pbdury, ekk gb`ktg `di efdlr`dmb. BCEKEL N@MEDYL y IE^LD Gb w`s ` wbkk-odlwd fbdbr`k lh tgb rbvlkuteld`ry flvbrdcbdt lh tgb Zgekeppedbs iuredf tgb ]p`desg rbfecb. Gb es pl plpuk puk`rk `rky y odl odlwd wd `s tgb Rt` Rt`o o df O`t O`tepu epud`d d`d lr tg tgb b Ar`ed lh tgb O`tepud O`tepud`d. `d. Gb abm` abm`cb cb tgb `ive `iveslr slr ld hesm`k hesm`k c`ttbrs `di sbmrbt`ry tl @dirbs Aldeh`mel. Gb w`s tgb `utglr lh tgb O`rteky` ky` df O`tepud`d wgemg w`s vbry ecplrt`dt tl tgb O`tepud`d. Ygb O`rt O` rtek eky` y` lr ml mlib ib es `d ei eibl blkl klfy fy lr pg pgek ekls lslp lpgy gy wge gem mg bcaliebs clr`ks `di d`teld`kestem predmepkbs. Gb `ksl wrltb hlr tgb O`tepud`d dbwsp`pbr m`kkb m` kkbi i O`k O`k`y` `y``d. `d. Gb wrl wrltb tb ed tgb dbwsp dbwsp`pb `pbrr udi udibr br tgb pbd d`cb ‗Iec`sek`w― `di usbi tgb `ke`s ‗Zedfoe`d― ed tgb O`tepud`d. Gbrb es `dltgbr mldmbpt tl kb`rd! Ygb ediefbdez`teld lh tgb slme`k smebdmbs hlmus ld tgb stuiy lh btgdemety, slmebty, mukturb `di ets `ppkem`teld tl gestlrem`k, `dtgrlplklfem`k `di psymglklfem`k rbsb`rmg `di pr`mtemb usedf ediefbdlus odlwkbifb. odlwkbifb. Et w`s edtrliumbi tl lvbrg`uk tgb wbstbrd-edtrliumbi `m`ibcem iesmepkedbs ed tgb Zgekeppedb `m`ibcem sbttedfs. Ygb tgrbb ecplrt`dt prlfr`cc`tem d`rr`tevbs `di clvbcbdts bcbrfbi hrlc tgb iesmepkedb lh psymglklfy, `dtgrlplklfy `di gestlry, d`cbky> 0. ]eol ]eolkl klge gey` y`df df Ze Zekep keped edl l 1. Z`d Z`dt`y t`yldf ldf Z`d Z`d`d` `d`w, w, `di tgb =. Zeke Zekepe pedl dlge gey` y`.. ]EOLKLGEU@DF ZEKEZEDL (Ir. Xerfekel Bdrequbz) Et es tgb stuiy lh tgb bxpbrebdmbs `di cedi lh tgb Hekepedl pblpkb. Et es tgb pbrspbmtevb usbi tl udibrst`di glw `di wg`t il Hekepedl tgedo, `mt `di hbbk. Yges es tgb Zsymglklfy lh Hekepedls ]EOLKLGEU@ DF ZEKEZED@] Ygbsb `rb tgb mgrldlklfem`k g`ppbdedfs ed tgb tecbkedb lh Zgekeppedb Gestlry tg`t g`s slcbtgedf tl wetg Zsymglklfy. ]EOLKLGEU@ DF CF@ ZEKEZEDL Ygbsb `rb tgb tgblrebs abedf stuiebi tg`t g`vb slcbtgedf tl il ld glw Hekepedl tgedo `di `mt. Ygb wlri ]eol ]eolklgey klgey`df `df Zekepe Zekepedl dl w`s pel peldbb dbbrbi rbi ay Xer Xerfek fekel el Bdrequbz Zg.I. @mmlriedf tl gec, tgb wbstbrd tgblrebs `rb dlt `ppkem`akb tl tgb Hekepedl ]lmebty. Ygby abkebvb tg`t tgb guc`d es mlcplsbi lh tgb pbrsld`kety wgbrb pblpkb wb`r c`so c` sos s `d `di i tg tgb b ‛l ‛ltg tgbr br–– m` m`d d ld ldky ky sb sbb b `d `di i bx bxpb pbre rebd bdmb mb tg tgb b ‛c`so– ‛c` so– lh tgb pb pbrsl rsld. d. Aut `mm `mmlri lriedf edf tl Bdr Bdrequ equbz, bz, Hek Hekepe epedls dls g`vb tgb tbrc ‛p`oeoeo`pw`– lr o`pw` wgbrb tgb ‛ltgbr– es dlt ldky bxpbrebdmbi ld tgb lutseib aut `ksl ed tgb edseib. Xerfekel Bdrequbz cb`ds abedf tlfbtgbr lr tgb tlfbtgbrdbss lh pblpkb O`pw` wgemg es tgb mlrb mldmbpt lh tgb ]eolklgey`df Zekepedl. O`pw` g`s twl oedis, ea`df t`l (ltgbr pblpkb) `di gedie ea`df t`l (ldb-lh-us). Ea`df t`l g`s hevb ilc`eds tgbsb `rb> 0. Z`oeoetudfl> Z`oeoetudfl> mevekety” tgbsb `rb refgt abg`velr cb`dt refgt ibcb`dlr tlw`r tlw`ri i `utglretebs. 1. Z`oeoes`k`cug` Z`oeoes`k`cug`>> slm lme` e`ke kez zb ” tg tges es es ` sl slm me` e`kk v`k `ku ub tg tg` `t es pre rec` c`re reky ky mlccudet`re`d `di Mldhume`d. Et bsplusbs tgb `aekey tl `i`pt. =. Z`oeoek`glo> `mt lh nlededf ” tges tr`dsk`tb tl p`rtemep`teld lh tgb bdterb mlccudety tl ` pbrsld. 9. Z`oeoea`f`y> mldhlrcety ” tges ruds edtl mldhkemt wetg edieveiu`kety wgemg Hekepedls ed h`mt wekkedfky tgrlw `w`y ed h`vlr lh mldhlrcety wetg ibc`dis lh tglsb wgl `rb ed mg`rfb. 2. Z`oeoes`c` Z`oeoes`c`>> abedf udetbi wetg tgb frlup. Hlr gedie ea`df t`l (dlt tl ab trb`tbi `s ltgbr pbrsld), tgbrb `rb tgrbb ilc`eds> 0. Z`oeoep`fp`k`f`y`df-klla> `mt lh cutu`k trust 1. Z`oeoes`dfolt> `mt lh nlededf ltgbrs lr `mtevb edvlkvbcbdt =. Z`oeoep`fo`es Z`oeoep`fo`es`> `> Rdetb. abedf ldb wetg ltgbrs Ltgbr a`sem tbdbts `rb> Z`oer`ci`c> Z`oer`ci` c> ]g`rbi eddbr pbrmbptelds. Hekepedls usb i`ci`c, lr tgb eddbr pbrmbpteld lh ltgbrs― bcltelds, `s ` a`sem tllk tl fueib ges ib`kedfs wetg ltgbr pblpkb O`f`di`g`df-klla> O`f`di`g`dfklla> ]g`rbi guc`dety. Yges rbhbrs tl abedf `akb tl gbkp ltgbr pblpkb ed ierb dbbi iub tl ` pbrmbpteld lh abedf tlfbtgbr `s ` p`rt lh ldb Hekepedl guc`dety. A`g`k` D`> A`g`k` D` tr`dsk`tbs ketbr`kky `s ‛kb`vb et up tl Fli (A`tg`k`)– `di et es usbi `s `d bxprbsseld, `kclst udevbrs`kky, ed Hekepedl mukturb, Hekepedl bdf`fb ed tg`t a`g`k` d` `ttetuib `s ` mukturb-edhkubdmbi `i`ptevb mlpedf str`tbfy wgbd h`mbi wetg mg`kkbdfedf setu`telds. Z`oeoea`o`> Ketbr`kky ed Bdfkesg, et cb`ds mldmurrbdt struffkb. Et rbhbrs tl tgb `aekety lh tgb Hekepedl tl udibrt`ob rbvlkutelds `di upresedfs `f`edst ` mlccld bdbcy. Zkb`sb rb`i tgbsb mldmbpt dltbs. lry. Et es mlcplsbi lh twl wlris> Y`yl wgemg cb`ds Vb ed Hekepedl `di Z`d`d`w wgemg cb`ds pbrspbmvb lr vebw. ^bus @ Rsedf Z`dt`yldf Z`d`d`w, tgb tbrc ‛o`s`ys`y`d– w`s clrb usbi r`tgbr tg`d tgb tbrc gestlry. O`s`ys`y`d cb`ds ‛s`k`ys`y uolk s` d`o`r``d l d`o`kep`s d` c`y s`ys`y p`r` s` es`df frupl df t`l `t eduuk`t s` p`c`c`fet`d df s`rekedf weo`.– Ygb Z`dt`yldf Z`d`d`w g`s a`sem tbdbts tg`t bxpk`ed tgb d`turb lh tges pbrspbmtevb> 0 Ygb lrefed`k k`dfu`fb lh tgb Hekepedls `di ltgbr ediefbdlus e diefbdlus frlups ed tgb Zgekeppedbs cust ab usbi ed wretedf Zgekeppedb Gestlry. 1 K`dfu`fb `s prlplsbi ay tgb `ivlm`tb lh Z`dt`yldf Z`d`d`w sbrvbs `s tgb rllt `di a`moaldb lh tgb Hekepedl bxpbrebdmb. = Hlrbefd pblpkb m`d spb`o `di kb`rd tgb Hekepedl k`dfu`fb aut m`ddlt rb`kky g`vb tg`t wglkb-gb`rtbi odlwkbifb `alut tgb k`dfu`fb. 9 2 Vretedf gestlry usedf Z`dt`yldf Z`d`d`w wluki tgbrbhlrb gedfb ld usedf `di t`ppedf tgb klm`k `di d`teld`k k`dfu`fbs. G`vedf ldb k`dfu`fb (Hekepedl) usbi ed wretedf gestlry c`obs tgb Hekepedl slmebty hukky fr`sp tgb trub cb`dedf lh O`s`ys`y`d. Ed Hekepedl ]lme`k ]mebdmbs, udequb `pprl`mgbs `di cbtglis `rb `s hlkklws> Z@OEOEZ@FOVBDYRG@D Z@DRDRKRU@D Z@FI@I@K@VI@K@V Z@OEOEQ@CI@C Ygb rbsb`rmgbr bdf`fbs ed ` stlry-tbkkedf wetg tgb ucpuo`d. Ygb Yg b rbs rbsb`r b`rmg mgbr br cbr cbrbky bky sbr sbrvbs vbs `s tgb h`m h`meket eket`tl `tlr, r, wge wgekb kb tgb o`k`glo lr p`rtemep`dts `rb tgb ldb wgl `rb tl t`ko. Ygb tbrc owbdtl, hrlc tgb ]p`desg wlri mubdtl, ketbr`kky cb`ds ‗tl tbkk ` stlry―. Ed tg tges es cb cbtg tgli li,, tg tgb b rbsb rbsb`r `rmg mgbr br st`y st`ys s ed tg tgb b gl glcb cb lh ge ges s o`k`glo lr p`rtemep`dt wgekb gb mldiumts tgb rbsb`rmg wetg tgb mldsbdt ay tgb glst h`ceky, wglsb gb`i sbrvbs `s tgb tuk`y tl `d ucpuo`d. Ygb tbrc tukly, wgemg es tgb rllt wlri lh tgb tbrc p`dudukuy`d, ketbr`kky cb`ds ‗tl fl ed.― Ed tges cbtgli, tgb rbsb`rmgbr lmm`seld`ky vesets tgb glusb lh ges glst lr tuk`y, `s lpplsbi tl st`yedf ed tgb glusb. Ygb Ybrc i`k`w cb`ds ‗veset.― Ed tges `pprl`mg, tgb rbsb`rmgbr usbs bdterbky ges/gbr lwd hbbkedfs lr bcltelds tl nustehy eh ges p`rtemep`dts lr o`k`glo `rb rb`iy tl ab p`rt lh ges rbsb`rmg lr dlt. Ygb tbrc i`ci`c ketbr`kky cb`ds ‗eddbr pbrmbpteld lh bcltelds.― Zekepedlgey`-systbc`tem stuiy lh Hekepedl psymgb, Hekepedl mukturb `di He Heke kepe pedl dl slm slmeb ebty ty u use sedf df tg tgb b tbrcs `di m`tbflrebs lh tglufgt lh tgb mukturb. Et w`s ibvbklpbi ay Zr Zrls lspb pbrl rl Ml Mlv` v`rr hr hrlc lc tg tgb b @dtgrlplklfy Ibp`rtcbdt `di ^ubs ]`k`z`r hrlc tgb Gestlry Ibp`rt Ibp `rtcbd cbdtt lh tgb Rde Rdevbr vbrset sety y lh tgb Zgekeppedbs. Zrlspbrl Mlv`r ^bus ]`k`z`r Zekepedlgey` mlcbs hrlc tgb twl wlris Zekepedl `di klgey`. Zekepedl-rbhbrs tl tgb metezbds lh tgb Zgekeppedbs lr tglsb tg`t abkldf tl tgb Hekepedl r`mb lr rbhbrredf tl tgb d`teld`k k`dfu`fb lh tgb Hekepedls abhlrb et w`s rbpk`mbi ay Hekepedl. Klgey`-es ibrevbi hrlc tgb K`ted, klfls, wgemg cb`ds systbc`tem stuiy Zekepedlgey` es ibhedbi `s tgb stuiy lh tgb wlrki lh Hekepedls, lh abedf Hekepedls, `di tgb iehhbrbdt w`ys lh abedf Hekepedl (Cbdilz`, 1::6, p.127) ******************* ZL]Y YB]Y Ierbmtelds. Qb`i prlpbrky tgb st`tbcbdts. Vretb ylur `dswbr ld ` sbp`r`tb sgbbt lh p`pbr. 0. Hlmu Hlmus s ld tgblfem`k stui stuiy lh btgdem btgdemety, ety, slm slmebty, ebty, mukturb kturb `d `di i tgb `ppke `ppkem`tel m`teld d tl gestlry `di psymglklfem psymglk `k yrbsb` rbsb`rmg rmg `di pr`mt pr`mtemb embmu tgrlufg tgb usb `di `ppke `ppkem`tel m`teld d lh ediefb edi efbdlu dlus s odl odlwkb wkbif ifb b `di rll rlltbi tbi hrl hrlc c tgb Hek Hekepe epedls dls―― btg btgem em gbr gbret` et`fb fb `d `di i mldsmelusdbss. @. @r`kedf Z`dkepud`d M. Mevems `di Mukturb A. Hekepedl X`kubs I. Ediefbdlus ]lme`k ]mebdmb 1. ]ystb ]ystbc`tem c`tem stu stuiy iy lh Hekeped Hekepedl l psymgb psymgb,, Hekepedl muk mukturb, turb, `di Hek Hekepedl epedl slm slmebty ebty used usedf f tgb tbrcs `di m`tbflrebs lh tglufgt lh tgb mukturb. @. Z`dt`yldf Z` Z`d`d`w d`d`w M. Zekepedlklgey` A. ]eolklgey`df Zekepedl I. ]eolklgey` df Zekeped`s =. @ pr prlf lfr` r`cc cc`t `tem em d` d`rr rr`t `tev evb b tg`t tg`t st stui uieb ebs s tg tgb b ib ibvb vbkl klpc pcbd bdtt lh `d ed edie iefb fbdl dlus us Hekepedl psymglklfy. @. Z`dt`yldf Z` Z`d`d`w d`d`w M. Zekepedlklgey` A. ]eolklgey`df Zekepedl I. ]eolklgy` df Zekeped`s 9. Edi Edieve eveiu` iu`ks ks ed slm slmebt ebty y wgl m`d ab rbf rbf`ri `ribi bi `s hlr hlrbhr bhrldt ldts s `di ves veseld eld`re `rebs bs hlr slme`k `iv`dmbcbdts iuredf tgber tecb. @. Arekke`dt Ygedobrs M. Hekepedl Gbrlbs A. Hekepedl Edtbkkbmtu`ks I. ]lme`k Ygedobrs 2. Mretem Mretemezbi ezbi tg tgb b ]p`de ]p`de`ris `ris hlr `m `mmused musedf f tgb Hekep Hekepedls edls lh ab abedf edf edilkb edilkbdt. dt. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel M. @plked`rel C`aede A. Bcekel N`medtl I. Nlsb Qez`k 8. ]t`d ]t`di`ris i`ris u usbi sbi ed tgb c c`oedf `oedf l lhh ` ibmes ibmeseld. eld. Yg Ygby by m`d ab m mk`sse k`ssehebi hebi `s `e `ecs cs lr fl`ks tlw`ris slcbtgedf tg`t `d edieveiu`k strevbs hlr. @. Mukturb M. Xertubs A. Yr`ietelds I. X`kubs 6. @ mlcpk mlcpkbx bx wglkb tg tg`t `t edmku edmkuibs ibs odl odlwkbi wkbifb, fb, abkeb abkebh, h, `rt, clr` clr`ks, ks, k`ws, mustl mustlcs, cs, `di ltgbr m`p`aeketebs `di g`aets `mquerbi ay guc`ds `s cbcabrs lh slmebty. @. Mukturb A. Yr`ietelds M. Edtbkkefbdmb I. X`kubs 7. Zrlpl Zrlplsbi sbi tgb ib ibvbkl vbklpcbdt pcbdt lh He Hekeped kepedl l bmldl bmldlcem cem d`t d`teld` eld`kesc kesc ed tgb 052:s 052:s.. @. @plkea`rel C`aede M. Mk`rl C. Qbmtl A. Bcekel N`medtl I. Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs 5. @ prlfr`cc`tem iesmlursb ibvbklpbi `s ` rbspldsb tl wbstbrdezbi pbrspbmtevb lh tgb stuiy lh Zgekeppedb Gestlry `di gestlrelfr`pgy. @. Z`dt`yldf Z` Z`d`d`w d`d`w A. ]eolklgey`df Zekepedl M. Zekepedlgey` I. ]eolklgey` df Zekeped`s 0:. Bst`akesgbi tgb udel udeld d Larbr` Ibclmr`tem`. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel M. Mk`rl C. Qbmtl A. Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs I. Nlsb Qez`k 00. Hlr ge gedie die ea ea`df `df t` t`l, l, wgem wgemg g ilc` ilc`ed ed ilb ilbs s dlt ab abkldf< kldf< @. Z`oeoer`c`y M. Z`oeoes`dfol Z`oeoes`dfoltt A. Z`oeoep`fo`es` I. Z`oeoep`fp`k`f`y`df-klla 01. Yges rbhbrs tl abedf `akb tl gbkp ltgbr pblpkb ed ierb dbbi iub tl ` pbrmbpteld pbrmbpteld lh abedf tlfbtgbr `s ` p`rt lh ldb Hekepedl guc`dety. @. A`y`deg`d M. Abedf gbkphuk A. ]` ] `c`g`d I. ]g`rbi guc`dety mlccld tbrc, tgbsb `rb refgt abg`velr cb`dt refgt re fgt ibcb`dlr 0=. Z`oeoetudfl es ` mlccld tlw`ri `utglretebs. @. Mevekety A. Gucekety M. Hrebdisgep I. X`kubs 09. ‛A`g`k` d`– es usu`kky usbi ay Hekepedls `s ` mlpedf str`tbfy wgbd h`mbi wetg mg`kkbdfedf setu`telds. Vgbd es A`g`k` d` abst usbi< @. Vgbd ` c`d s`ys ‛‛a`g`k` a`g`k` d`– `htbr klsedf ldb―s nla. A. Vgbd ` s stuibd tuibdtt ieid― ieid―tt stuiy hhlr lr ` quez ` `di di s`y s`ys s ‛A`g` ‛A`g`k` k` d`– M. Vgbd hre hrebdis bdis pgy pgysem` sem`kky kky hefgt hlr slc slcbtged btgedf f `di s`y ‛a`g`k` ‛a`g`k` d`– I. Vgb Vgbd d ` k`i k`iy y es rb` rb`iy iy tl t`ob tgb al` al`ri ri bx`c `ht `htbr br mld mldst` st`dt dt rbve rbvebw bw `di s`ys ‛A`g`k` d`.–. 02. Gb w`s `ksl mldseibrbi `s tgb ar`ed `di mldsmebdmb mldsmebdmb lh tgb rbvlkuteld. @. @dirbs Aldeh`mel M. @plked`rel C`aede A. Bcekel N`medtl I. Nlsb Qez`k @MYEXEYU 0 Ierbmtelds> Mlcpkbtb tgb i`t` rbtrebv`k mg`rt tl udibrst`di tgb slme`k pgeklslpgebs. Vretb `t kb`st ldb `dswbr hlr b`mg alx `s ediem`tbi. ]lme`k Ygedobrs A`mofrludi lh tgb ]lme`k Ygedobr ]lme`k `di Zlketem`k tglufgts edtrliumbi C`nlrr wlro C`nl wlros s `di/ `d i/lr lr sl slme me`k `k mldtreauteld tl Hekepedl slmebty Nlsb Qez`k @dirbs Aldeh`mel Mk`rl C. Qbmtl Es`abkl ibkls Qbybs Bcekel N`medtl @MYEXEYU 1 E]@ABKL IB KL] QBUB] @DI MK@QL C. QBMYL strbssbi ed tgber slme`k eiblklfebs tg`t tgb prlfrbss lh ` d`teld es ` rbsukt lh ` ibbp sbdsb lh d`teld`kesc hrlc ets metezbds. Ygb lpplsetb lh d`teld`kesc es mlklde`k cbdt`kety. Mlklde`k cbdt`kety secpky st`tbs tg`t bvbrytgedf tg`t es hlrbefd es abttbr tg`d lur lwd. Ed wg wg`t `t w` w`ys ys/s /set etu` u`tel telds ds il yl ylu u la lasb sbrv rvb b tg tges es ml mlkl klde de`k `k cb cbdt dt`k `ket ety y `c `cld ldf f Hekepedls< Kest `t kb`st 2 lh tgbc. Zrlplsb slcb slkutelds tl hefgt mlklde`k cbdt`kety. ]EYR@YELD ZQLZL]BI ]LKRYELD Auyedf lh ecplrtbi prliumts V`tmgedf hlrbefd hekcs/mldmbrt r`tgbr tg`d klm`k clvebs/mldmbrt Z`trldezb lur lwd V`tmg klm`k sglws. @MYEXEYU = Ierbmtelds> Iehhbrbdte`tb tgb plketem`k eib`s lh Qez`k `di Aldeh`mel, `di tgbd eibdtehy tgb slme`k tgbcb/s tg`t tgby g`vb `ppkebi ed tgber eib`s. Vretb ylur `dswbr ld tgb sp`mb prlveibi. NL]B Z. QE^@K @DIQB] ALDEH@MEL Gb `ivlm`tbi pb`mbhuk prltbst `f`edst tgb ]p`de`ris r`tgbr tg`d ` aklliy rbvlkuteld. Gb st`tbi tg`t tgb Zgekeppedbs sgluki ab trb`tbi bqu`kky `s ` prlvedmb lh ]p`ed. Gb `ivlm`tbi rbvlkuteld `f`edst tgb ]p`de`ri hlr tgb Zgekeppedbs tl ab truky tr uky hrbb `s d`teld. Rdkeob Qez`k, gb w`dtbi tgb Zgekeppedbs tl ab keabr`tbi hrlc tgb ]p`desg flvbrdcbdt tl bxpbrebdmb rb`k ‛o`fedg`w``d.– Hrlc lur prbvelus iesmusselds, wg`t slme`k tgblry il ylu tgedo iei Qez`k usb ed ges slme`k-plketem`k pbrspbmtevb< Hrlc lur prbvelus iesmusselds, wg`t slme`k tgblry il ylu tgedo iei Aldeh`mel usb ed ges slme`k-plketem`k pbrspbmtevb< Bxpk`ed arebhky. b.f., Hudmteld`kest Zbrspbmtevb Gb abkebvbs tg`t eh tgb flvbrdcbdt hudmtelds wbkk ed `iirbssedf tgb essub ld edbqu`kety tgbd tgbrb wekk ab g`rcldy. Bxpk`ed arebhky. b.f.,Mldhkemt Ygblry Gb abkebvbs tg`t et es ldky tgrlufg rbvlkuteld tg`t wb m`d stlp ilced`teld. Ed lur prbsbdt Zgekeppedb slmebty, wgemg plketem`k eiblklfy il ylu tgedo es clrb `ppkem`akb< Bxpk`ed ylur mglemb ed dlt kbss tg`d = sbdtbdmbs. @MYEXEYU 9 Ierbmtelds> Abklw es `d bxmbrpt lh ldb lh tgb clst h`clus spbbmgbs ay ` Hekepedl, E @C @ HEKEZEDL ay M`rkls Z. Qlcukl. Yry ylur abst tl tr`dsk`tb et ed lur lwd Hekepedl K`dfu`fb. E @C @ HEKEZEDL (@D BWMBQZY) Ay M`rkls Z. Qlcukl tl tgb udmbrt`ed huturb. @s sumg E cust prlvb bqu`k tl ` twl-hlki t`so- tgb t`so lh cbbdf cy rbspldseaekety tl tgb p`st, cbd pudf lut tl sb` ed sgeps tg`t wbrb `s hr`ek `s tgber gb`rts wbrb stlut. Lvbr tgb sb` E sbb tgbc mlcb, alrdb upld t Ibsmreab tgb Hekepedls ed hevb sbdtbdmbs `s bk`alr`tbi ay M`rkls Z. Qlcukl. 0 1 = 9 2 @D]VBQ OBU QBHBQBDMB] Iesmepkedbs `di Eib`s ed tgb ]lme`k ]mebdmbs, Cyk` C. @rmed`s, bt.`k. Zglbdex Zuakesgedf Glusb, Pubzld Mety, 1:08. Iesmepkedbs `di Eib`s ed tgb ]lme`k ]mebdmbs, Qlss I. Ibk` Mruz, bt.`k. Zglbdex Zuakesgedf Glusb, Pubzld Mety, 1:08. Iesmepkedbs `di Eib`s ed tgb ]lme`k ]mebdmbs, M`rkls Zbd` Y`tbk Nr., Qbx Allo ]tlrb, Edm., 1:08. ZGEDC@ ” @r`ukkl Rdevbrsety Yb`mgbr/H`meket`tlr Kbssld Zk`d gttps>//www.fllfkb.mlc/sb`rmg<q3ec`fb+l gttps> //www.fllfkb.mlc/sb`rmg<q3ec`fb+l IBZ@QYCBDY LH BIRM@YELD QBFELD XEE ]MGLLK] IEXE]ELD LH C@DI@RB MEYU DECH@ I. ALDFL BiI MB]L X ]mgllks Ieveseld ]upbredtbdibdt B]YBK@ A. ]R]XEKK@ ZgI MB]B @ssest`dt ]mgllks ]mgllks Ieveseld ]upbredtbdib ]upbredtbdibdt dt N@ECB Z. QRBK@D BiI Mgebh, Murremukuc Ecpkbcbdt`teld Ieveseld E]C@BKEY@ D. IB]@AEKKB BiI Bium`teld Zrlfr`c ]upbrveslr- (KQCI]) FELX@DD@ Z. Q@HHEÐ@D BiI Bium`teld Zrlfr`c ]upbrveslr ed @r`kedf Z`dkepud`d ABKK@ XBQI@ C. LKEXBQL], C@Bi, CZ@ Vretbr/K`ylut @rtest ]UDLZ]E] Yges ]bkh-Kb`rdedf ]bkh-Kb`rdedf Cliukb (]KC) prbsb prbsbdts dts tlpems wgemg hlmus ld tgb slme`k slme`k eib`s lh Qez`k, Aldeh`mel, C`aede, N`medtl, Ibkls Qbybs, `di Qbmtl wglsb eib`s k`ei tgb hludi`teld lh Hekepedl edibpbdibdmb. Ygb iehhbrbdt predmepkbs `di Hekepedl v`kubs gefgkefgtbi ay tgb `alvb-cbdteldbi slme`k tgedobrs wekk keobwesb sg`pb ldb―s predmepkbs ed kehb, wgemg wekk cb`surb ges/gbr mldtreauteld ed d`teld-auekiedf. Hurtgbr, tges cliukb `ksl ib`ks wetg tgb Hekepedl psymgb- `s tl glw ` Hekepedl tgedo, tge do, hbb hbbks, ks, abg abg`v `vbs bs `d `di i edt edtbr` br`mts mts wetg ltg ltgbrs brs.. Yge Yges s gef gefgke gkefgt fgts s tgb Zsy Zsymgl mglklf klfy y lh Hekepedls `s bsplusbi ay tgb pbrspbmtevbs lh Ir. Xerfekel Bdrequbz. Et es bxpbmtbi tg`t ldb wluki bxpklrb a`sbi ld tgb mldmbpts lh ‛o`pw`– `di ltgbr tbdbts tg`t bxpk`ed guc`d mlccudem`teld `di edtbr`mteld. Hurtgbrclrb, tgb d`turb `di tbdbts lh Z`dt`yldf Z`d`d`w `s ` slme`k smebdmb pbrspbmtevb gefgkefgts tgb mlkkbmtevb vebws lh Hekepedls. @alut tgb @utglr> ABKK@ XBQI@ C. LKEXBQL]. ]gb hedesgbi gbr a`mm`k`urb`tb ibfrbb hrlc Mbau Dlrc`k Rdevbrsety wetg tgb ibfrbb A`mgbklr ed ]bmldi`ry Bium`teld c`nlr ed ]lme`k ]mebdmb (1::=) wetg @m`ibcem Bxmbkkbdmb `w`ri. ]gb fr`iu`tbi C`stbr ed Bium`teld (C@Bi) c`nlr ed ]lme`k ]mebdmb `t Mbau Ybmgdlklfem`k Rdevbrsety? fr`iu`tbi C`stbr ed Bium`teld (C@Bi) c`nlr ed Fuei`dmb `di Mludsbkedf `di C`stbr ed Zuakem @icedestr`teld (CZ@) hrlc Rdevbrsety lh Xes`y`s. ]gb g`s Mlcpkbtb @m`ibcem Qbquerbcbdts (M@Q) hlr Ilmtlr lh Bium`teld c`nlr ed Kb`ibrsgep `di C`d`fbcbdt hrlc Rdevbrsety lh Xes`y`s. Zrbsbdtky, sgb―s t`oedf up Ilmtlr lh Ibvbklpcbdt Bium`teld `t Mbau Ybmgdlklfem`k Rdevbrsety. ]gb g`s abbd tb`mgedf hlr 06 yb`rs dlw. @t prbsbdt, sgb es Yb`mgedf ed C`di`ub Mety Mlcprbgbdsevb D`teld`k Gefg ]mgllk (CMMDG])-]G] Ibp`rtcbdt, C`di`ub Mety, Mbau.
