1. According to paragraph 1, both wind energy and the rotation of Earth contribute to the creation
of
A) waves
B) oceanic currents
C) a gravitational attraction between Earth and the Sun and the Moon
D) tides
2. The word "harness" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A) put into use
B) separate out
C) come to understand
D) identify the location of
3. According to paragraph 3, the concept of OTEC is tied to which of the following aspects of the
ocean?
A) Deep waters of the ocean are often calmer than surface waters are electricity
B) Enormous amounts of water are available below the surface of the ocean
C) Temperatures beneath the ocean surface water can vary greatly according to the depth of the
water
D) Waves and tides contribute to forming land sites that are ideal for running turbines and
generating
4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence
in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential
information.
A) Although the construction and operation of OTEC plants are expensive, many commercial plants
have been built in Hawaii and Japan
B) Although OTEC is not a new idea experimental OTEC plants are limited and commercial OTEC
plants do not even exist
C) Because successful experiments using the concept of OTEC have been conducted in Hawaii and
Japan for several decades there are now commercial plants under construction
D) After several decades of research, small experimental OTEC plants are being expanded to operate
as large commercial plants
5. How does the author develop the discussion in paragraph 5 on the possibility of using wind
generated currents to generate electricity?
A) By providing examples of places where ocean currents have been used successfully
B) By describing the process by which wind-generated ocean currents produce energy
C) By contrasting ocean currents with other sources of water-generated electricity
D) By establishing a historical context for modern techniques of generating electricity
6. By mentioning the Japanese and Scotland in paragraph 6, the author is supporting which of the
following points?
A) Some countries have come to depend heavily on power generated by the waves
B) Unlike other countries. Scotland and Japan have had little success using energy from waves
because of the effects of weather and corrosion
C) The use of energy from waves is better suited for industrial purposes than it is for use in homes
D) It is difficult to generate electricity by using ocean waves, even though it is being done to a
limited extent in some places
7. Why does the author mention the fact that tides have been "used for centuries in some coastal
areas to run mills"? [7]
A) To compare how energy from the ocean was gotten in the past with how it is currently gotten
B) To emphasize the difficulty of providing for the energy needs of the coastal areas
C) To explain why some coastal areas had more energy available in the past than inland areas
typically did
D) To support the idea that the tides are probably the most easily converted source of energy from
the sea
8. The word "precludes" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A) prevents
B) presents
C) prepares
D) preserves
9. Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
passage
Where would the sentence best fit?
The ocean, therefore, presents a potentially appealing source of energy.
Click on a square [█] to add the sentence to the passage. To select a different location, click on a
different square.
If we could effectively harness the energy possessed by the oceans, an almost limitless, largely
nonpolluting energy supply would be ensured. ⬛ Unfortunately, ocean energy is diffuse, meaning
that the amount of energy for a given volume of water is small and thus difficult to concentrate
and use. ⬛ Several ways of using ocean energy are being considered or are under development,
and one is currently in use, although it accounts for only a tiny proportion of all energy production.
⬛ Of the several sources of ocean energy-temperature differences with depth, currents, waves, and
tides-only the last shows much promise for the near future. ⬛
10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas
that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2
points.
The oceans represent a potentially great source of usable energy.
A) Earth s rotation is the most important factor in (he formation of oceanic currents.
B) OTEC produces large amounts of energy and is used to run turbines and to produce a great deal
of electricity.
C) Problems associated with energy storage, concentrating ocean power, and resource location have
limited the use of oceanic energy.
D) Despite the theoretical advantages of waves, currents, and tides as sources of energy, it remains
difficult to take advantage of these resources
E) Experts have tried, mostly unsuccessfully, to solve the practical problems associated with
exploiting the temperature differences of the ocean
F) The Arctic islands of Canada have been shown to be the most suitable sites for tidal power and
have benefited the most from the use of this source of electricity
1. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following about the two types of cultural formation processes?
A) An understanding of the twofold division of cultural formation processes has no practical
significance
B) Many finds at major archaeological sites reflect both types of cultural formation processes
C) The two types of cultural formation processes can be most clearly distinguished from each other
at major archaeological sites
D) Cultural formation processes that place before a find became buried are usually less complex
than cultural processes that occurred after it was buried
2. The word “distinction” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A) differentiation
B) importance
C) decision
D) conflict
3. The author indicates that “A tool may be lost or thrown out for being of inferior quality during
manufacture, or a crop may be accidentally burnt and thus preserved during processing” in order
to [2]
A) show that the stages typically found in tool making are also found in food production
B) explain the differences between the four major stages typical of human behavior
C) illustrate the point that remains can enter the archaeological record at any stage
D) provide examples of human activity rarely found in archaeological sites
4. According to paragraph 2, archeologist trying to reconstruct human activity in a given area find
that
A) many areas used a sources of raw materials for tools seem to have been later used for food
production
B) areas used to obtain raw materials for tools can be easier to identify than areas used for food
production or occupation
C) there is usually more waste associated with food production than with tool manufacturing
D) it is generally easier to reconstruct people’s plant diets than diets of animal sources
5. According to paragraph 3, a common problem for archeologists dealing with hoards is
A) estimating the age of buried metal
B) understanding why certain metals like silver are commonly found in hoards
C) understanding how use of hoards as offerings to supernatural powers spread outside Europe
D) identifying the reason that the valuables were buried
6. According to paragraph 4, the archaeological record shows that people buried their dead in each
of the following EXCEPT
A) burial mounds
B) simple graves
C) ceramic containers
D) large pyramids
7. According to paragraph 4, the ancient Egyptians and the Incas of Peru were alike in that they
both
A) frequently changed the location of their kings’ burial sites
B) left little evidence of grave goods being used in burial sites
C) preserved their dead
D) held special ceremonies at the graves of their kings
8. The word “inadvertently” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A) instead
B) accidentally
C) fortunately
D) permanently
9. Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
passage
Where would the sentence best fit?
Thousands of clay writing tablets from the Near East have been preserved being baked in this
way
Click on a square [█] to add the sentence to the passage. To select a different location, click on a
different square.
Human destruction of the archaeological record might be caused by burials of the kind just
described being dug into earlier deposits. But people in the past deliberately or accidentally
obliterated traces of their predecessors in innumerable other ways Rulers often destroyed
monuments or erased inscriptions belonging to previous chiefs or monarchs. ⬛ On the other hand,
some human destruction meant to obliterate has inadvertently preserved material for the
archaeologist to find. ⬛ Burning, for example, may not always destroy. ⬛ Clay daubing and adobe
usually decay, but if a structure has been burned, the mud is baked to the consistency of a brick.
⬛
10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas
that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2
points.
Archaeological finds reflect both the original cultural activity they served and what may have
happened to them afterwards
A) The remains of tools and food crops may have entered the archaeological record through any
one of several human activities.
B) The different stages of an original cultural activity can be distinguished by the kinds of tools that
are found.
C) People in the past deliberately or accidentally destroyed parts of the archaeological record left
by their predecessors
D) The natural formation processes of the archaeological record were often affected by human
behavior.
E) The deliberate burial of valuables and failure to reclaim them provide an important source of
archaeological evidence.
F) Rulers and monarchs often used burning in order to destroy the clay and adobe structures of
previous leaders.