WATER SUPPLY IN A COUNTRY - SINGAPORE
INTRO:
Singapore
Population: 6 million
Size: 728.6 km²
Singapore faced 2 main challenges:
Land
Water
Singapore is the top 5 water stressed country
Average consumption of water per person is 156 litres
HOW WATER IS SUPPLIED (THE 4 NATIONAL TAPS):
Water from Local Catchment
rainwater is collected
stored in 17 reservoirs
⅔ of Singapore is water catchment area
Water from local catchment satisfies 10% of the demand
E.g: Bedok Reservoir, Macritchie Reservoir
Imported Water
Singapore imported water from Johor, Malaysia
Imported water satisfies about 50% of the water demand
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Desalinated Water
Sea water undergoes desalination
3 stages:
Intake screening
Ultrafiltration
Reverse Osmosis
Desalination can contributes up to 30% of water supply in
Singapore
NEWater
NEWater is high-grade reclaimed water that has been
purified with advanced membrane and ultraviolet
technologies
NEWater was first established in 2003
There are 5 NEWater plants in Singapore
It produces 1000 cubic metre of water per day
NEWater can meet up to 40% of demand