Q1.
Ann shines a ray of white light at a glass prism.
(a)
Tick one box in each row to show if each sentence is true or false.
true
false
The light refracts as it enters the prism.
The light refracts as it travels through the prism.
The light disperses as it leaves the prism.
The light forms a spectrum of colours on the screen.
2 marks
(b)
Ann places two mirrors at 90° and shines a ray of light at mirror 1.
(i)
On the diagram above continue the ray of light to show how it is reflected by
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both mirrors. Use a ruler.
2 marks
(ii)
On the diagram above label the incident ray (i) and the reflected ray (r) for
the light striking mirror 2.
1 mark
(c)
Ann shines the torch at a red book.
Explain why the object looks red in white light.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
(d)
In a dark room, Ann puts different coloured filters in front of the torch.
She records the colour the book appears.
Complete the table below to show the colour that the book would appear.
Tick one box in each row. The first one has been done for you.
What colour does the red book appear?
colour of filter
red
no filter
red filter
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green
black
green filter
1 marks
maximum 8 marks
Q2.
It is a sunny day. Alika is using the sunlight to signal to Sarah.
(a)
What simple object could Alika use to send bright flashes of sunlight to
Sarah?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
What does this object do to the rays of the sun?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 2 marks
Q3.
A rocket was fired above a seaside town to call out the lifeboat crew.
The rocket exploded, giving out light and sound at the same time.
(a)
Lisa was outside the town. She saw the flash of the rocket exploding and heard the
bang.
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(i)
Which sentence is true?
Tick the correct box.
She heard the bang first.
She saw the flash first.
She heard the bang and saw the flash at the same time.
1 mark
(ii)
Give the reason for your answer.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Some people were nearer to the rocket than Lisa. How did the sound seem to
them?
Tick the correct box.
It was quieter.
It was louder.
It was higher pitched.
It was lower pitched.
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
Q4.
(a)
The diagram below shows a fish tank.
The surface of the water acts like a mirror.
The fish can see the snail reflected in the surface of the water.
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Draw a ray of light which passes from the snail, and reflects from the surface, to
show how the fish can see the snail. Use a ruler.
Put arrows on the ray of light.
3 marks
(b)
Andrew is looking at the snail.
When a ray of light passes from water to air it changes direction.
(i)
Draw a ray of light from the snail to Andrew to show how Andrew can see
the snail. Use a ruler.
Put arrows on the ray of light.
2 marks
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(ii)
What is the name given to this change in the direction of a ray of light?
.............................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q5.
James shone a ray of light at a mirror as shown below.
diagram 1
He measured the angle of reflection for different angles of incidence.
His results are shown below.
(a)
angle of incidence (º)
30
40
50
60
70
angle of reflection (º)
30
40
50
65
70
Which angle of reflection was not measured accurately?
..................°
How can you tell this from the table?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
James set up a different experiment as shown below.
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diagram 2
He measured the angle of refraction for different angles of incidence.
His results are shown in the graph.
Use the graph to answer the questions below.
(i)
When the angle of refraction is 20°, what is the angle of incidence?
..................°
1 mark
(ii)
What conclusion could James draw from his graph?
Complete the sentence below.
When light passes from air into glass, the angle of incidence is
always .......................................................... the angle of refraction.
1 mark
(c)
On diagram 2, draw a line to continue the refracted ray as it leaves the glass
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block.
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Q6.
An actor is on a stage in a theatre. A spotlight is shining on him.
(a)
A ray of light travels from the spotlight to the actor.
(i)
Which line shows the ray? Give the correct letter.
…………
1 mark
(ii)
How long does the light take to travel from the spotlight to the actor?
Tick the correct box.
about a hundred millionth of a second
about a tenth of a second
about a second
about ten seconds
1 mark
(b)
The actor’s voice sounds different to the people in the front and back rows of
the audience.
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(i)
How does the actor’s voice sound different to a person in the back row?
……………………………………….……………………………………….
……………………………………….……………………………………….
1 mark
(ii)
Complete the sentence with longer, shorter or exactly the same.
When the actor is at the back of the stage, the time his voice
takes to reach the audience is .…………………………… .
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
Q7.
Two identical triangular glass prisms were placed together. A narrow beam of white light
was shone into them as shown below.
(a)
Draw the ray of light through the two prisms and on to the screen.
2 marks
(b)
The prisms were then separated and set up as shown in the diagram, with rays of
white light shining through them. The prisms split the white light into colours as
shown.
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(i)
A white screen was placed in position A as shown below.
The rays of red, green and blue light are shown.
Describe the appearance of the light on the screen.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
(ii)
The white screen was moved away from the prisms to position B as shown
below.
The rays of red, green and blue light are shown.
Describe the appearance of the light on the screen.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
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.............................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 6 marks
Q8.
Two cyclists are riding along a dark road at night. One is wearing black clothes and the
other is wearing light-coloured clothes.
A car is driving behind the two cyclists. Light from the car headlamp shines on the cyclists.
(a)
What happens to the light when it reaches the light-coloured clothes?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
1 mark
(b)
On the drawing above, draw a ray of light to show how light from the headlamp
reaches the driver so that he can see the cyclist in the light-coloured clothes.
Draw arrows to show the direction of the light.
3 marks
(c)
What happens to the light when it reaches the black clothes?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Q9.
Three pupils watched a firework display.
(a)
A man lit the fireworks. He wore ear defenders.
Why should he wear ear defenders when he is close to loud fireworks?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(b)
A rocket exploded making a loud sound and a bright flash.
Peter, Sabrina and Jan were standing at different distances from the rocket.
When the rocket exploded, Jan heard the quietest sound.
Why did Jan hear the quietest sound?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Jan saw the flash before she heard the sound.
What does this tell you about the speed of light and the speed of sound?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
Complete the sentences below using words from the list.
chemical
(i)
electrical
heat
light
sound
Jan, Sabrina and Peter could see the rocket explode because it
gave out ................................... energy.
1 mark
(ii)
They could hear the rocket explode because it gave out
........................................... energy.
1 mark
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(e)
When the rocket stopped burning it fell to the ground.
What force caused it to fall to the ground?
.............................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q10.
The diagram shows a ray of light hitting the surface of a mirror made from thick glass.
The incident ray is both reflected and refracted.
(a)
(i)
Give the letters of the two reflected rays.
............... and ...............
1 mark
(ii)
Give the letter of one refracted ray.
...............
1 mark
(b)
The incident ray is brighter than ray A.
Give one reason for this.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 3 marks
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Mark schemes
Q1.
(a)
•
true
false
for all four correct, award two marks
for any two or three correct, award one mark
for one correct answer, award no marks
if more than one box is ticked in any row, do not give credit
for that row
2 (L6)
(b)
(i)
•
award one mark for approximately equal angles of incidence
and reflection at mirror 1
award one mark for a continuous ray that is reflected off
mirror 1 and mirror 2
both rays are required for the mark rays must been drawn
as straight lines
ignore any arrows
2 (L7)
(ii)
•
rays ‘i’ and ‘r’ correctly labelled on diagram as shown above
both rays, correctly labelled, are required for the mark
1 (L7)
(c)
any two from
•
white light is a mixture of colours
•
the red book absorbs all of the colours of light except red
accept ‘the other colours are absorbed’
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•
only red light is reflected
‘red light is reflected’ is insufficient
2 (L7)
(d)
•
red
green
black
red filter
green filter
both ticks are required for the mark
if more than one tick is placed in any row, award no mark
1 (L7)
[8]
Q2.
(a)
mirror or something shiny
accept ‘reflector’ or ‘her watch’ or any named shiny object
do not accept ‘torch’ or any named light source
1
(b)
reflects them
accept ‘bounces the light off’
1
[2]
Q3.
(a)
(i)
She saw the flash first.
if more than one box is ticked award no mark
1
(ii)
any one from
•
light travels faster than sound
accept ‘the flash travelled faster than the bang’
•
sound travels more slowly than light
accept ‘the bang travelled more slowly than the flash’
do not accept ‘the flash or light travels very fast’
do not accept ‘sound takes time to travel’
1
(b)
It was louder.
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1
[3]
Q4.
(a)
•
a straight line from the snail to the surface and
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from the surface to the fish
the line must reach the fish within the tolerance
shown below the ray must be continuous
ignore an incident ray towards the snail
ignore rays refracted at the surface
1 (L5)
•
the angle of incidence should be approximately
equal to the angle of reflection
the line must reach the surface of the
water within the tolerance shown below
1 (L6)
•
arrow pointing towards the fish or away from the snail
accept a single arrow in the correct direction
on either the incident or the reflected ray
if two arrows are drawn, they must both be
in the correct direction
1 (L5)
(b)
(i)
•
a ray from the snail to Andrew’s eye bending at the surface
both parts of the ray must be straight and
must slope upwards and to the right
the ray must be continuous
ignore any incident rays drawn towards the snail
the ray must bend further away from the normal
at the surface as it goes from water to air
1 (L6)
•
an arrow pointing towards Andrew on any part of the ray
if two arrows are drawn, they must both be in the
correct direction
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1 (L6)
(ii)
•
refraction
1 (L6)
[6]
Q5.
(a)
•
65
it is different from the angle of incidence or all the others are the same
accept ‘number 4’ or ‘the fourth’
accept ‘it is not 60°’ or ‘it should be 60°’
accept ‘the angle of reflection and the angle
of incidence should be the same’
accept ‘it is 5° out’
accept ‘they are not the same’
both the answer and the correct explanation
are required for the mark
award a mark for ‘60°’ if the explanation is correct
‘they go up in tens’ is insufficient
‘it does not fit the pattern’ is insufficient
1 (L5)
(b)
(i)
•
a number from 30 to 32
1 (L5)
(ii)
•
greater than
accept ‘greater’ or ‘bigger’
1 (L5)
(c)
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accept a continuous straight line that bends away from the
normal
accept a line without an arrow
The ray need not be parallel to the incident ray
1 (L6)
[4]
Q6.
(a)
(i)
B
1 (L3)
(ii)
about a hundred millionth of a second
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)
(b)
(i)
quieter
accept ‘softer’ or ‘fainter’
accept ‘they cannot hear him’
do not accept ‘lower’
1 (L3)
(ii)
longer
accept ‘more’
1 (L3)
[4]
Q7.
(a)
one mark for the ray bending the correct way at the first surface and
passing through the prisms in a straight line
1
one mark for the ray emerging parallel to incoming ray
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ray must emerge from the lower edge
1
(b)
(i)
blue in centre
1
any one from
•
spectrum spreading out from centre in both directions
do not accept ‘rainbow’
•
red at the top and bottom
1
(ii)
green in the centre
1
magenta at the top and bottom
1
[6]
Q8.
(a)
it is reflected
accept ‘it is scattered’
accept ‘it reflects or bounces off’
1 (L5)
(b)
one mark is for a ray from the headlamp to the light-coloured clothes
and from them to the driver’s eye
both parts of the ray are required
accept small discontinuities in the ray
accept rays which are almost straight but
which have not been drawn with a ruler
do not accept dotted lines
1 (L5)
•
one mark is for accurately drawing the correct ray
this is a dependent mark do not award this mark unless
the first mark was also awarded
the ray must touch the headlamp, touch the cyclist’s clothes,
and touch the driver’s eye the ray must be continuous
both parts of the ray must be drawn with a ruler
1 (L5)
•
an arrow showing that the light enters the eye or leaves the headlamp
accept a correct arrow on an incomplete line
1 (L5)
(c)
it is absorbed
accept ‘it absorbs’
accept ‘most is absorbed’
accept ‘it is not reflected’
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accept ‘only some is reflected’
1 (L5)
[5]
Q9.
(a)
any one from
•
loud sounds can damage hearing
accept ‘they could damage his hearing’
•
to protect his ears
accept ‘loud sounds can damage the ear’
•
loud sounds can burst the eardrum
accept ‘it could make him deaf’
accept ‘they are very loud’
‘they are loud’ is insufficient as
‘loud’ is given in the question
1 (L3)
(b)
any one from
•
the further the sound travels the quieter it gets
accept ‘the sound or energy spreads out’
•
she was furthest away
accept ‘she was further away’ or ‘she was far away’
accept ‘some of the sound is absorbed’
1 (L3)
(c)
any one from
•
the speed of light is greater than the speed of sound
accept ‘sound travels more slowly’
•
light travels faster than sound
accept ‘light travels faster’
accept ‘light gets there before sound’
1 (L4)
(d)
(i)
•
light
1 (L3)
(ii)
•
sound
1 (L3)
(e)
gravity
accept ‘weight’
1 (L4)
[6]
Q10.
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(a)
(i)
A and C
answers may be in either order
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L6)
(ii)
any one from
•
B
•
D
1 (L6)
(b)
any one from
•
not all the light is reflected
•
some of the light is refracted
•
some of the light is absorbed
•
light is scattered by the glass
accept ‘it splits into two rays’ or ‘it splits’
1 (L6)
[3]
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