The principal state in north India from the early
1200s to the 1500s was the Delhi sultanate,
a Muslim kingdom. The state is called a sultanate
because it was led by a ruler called a sultan. The
Delhi sultanate was established by Turkish
Muslims who ruled for many years from what is
now the city of Delhi. Delhi Sultanate is a noble
example for the glory of medieval India. It’s
Culture of art and architecture that is found today
is praiseworthy. The sultan of Delhi route for a
long period of about 320 years with various
achievements and defeats in different fields.
RULLING PERIOD OF THE DYNASTY
 Mamluk Dynasty
 Khalji Dynasty
 Tughluq Dynasty
 Sayyid Dynasty
 Lodi Dynasty
(1206 - 1290)
(1290 - 1320)
(1320 - 1413)
(1413 - 1451)
(1451 - 1526)
MAIN RULERS OF THE DELHI SULTANATE:
Qutub ud- Din Aibak (1206 – 1210)
Qutub-ud-din Aibak was the founder of the slave dynasty. He played
important role in the expansion of the Turkish Sultanate in India after
the Battle of Tarain. His rule was for only four years. He
constructed Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi and Adhai din kaJhompra mosque in Ajmer. He started the construction of Qutub
minar, dedicated to sufi saint Khwaja Qutbuddin Bhaktiyar kaki.
Iltumish (1211-1236)
Iltutmish was one of the most significant rulers of the Mamluk dynasty.
He was a competent administrator and military strategist. Iltutmish
brought Bengal and Bihar back to Delhi Sultanate and suppressed the
Rajput revolts. He introduced the silver tanka currency and played a
crucial role in institutionalizing the Delhi Sultanate.
Jalal-ud-din Khalji (1290 – 1296)
Jalaluddin Khalji established Khalji dynasty. The founder of Turkish
dynasty, Jalaluddin Khalji was seventy when he ascended the throne. He
defeated the decendants of Balban, being victorious came to power. The
most important event during the reign of Jalaluddin was attack on the
Yadava city of Devagiri.
Alauddin Khalji (1296 -1316)
Ala-ud-din Khalji was the nephew and son in law of Jalal ud-din Khalji. He
came to the throne in 1296. He was a great and efficient ruler. He was the
first Turkish Sultan of Delhi who separated religion from politics. The most
important experiment undertaken by the Alauddin was the attempt to control
the markets.
GhiyasuddinTuglaq / Ghazi Malik (1320 - 1325)
He was the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty and laid the foundation of
Tughlaqabad near Delhi. He sends his son Jauna Khan against Warangal
and Madurai. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq is known for his construction projects,
including the city of Tughlaqabad near Delhi, which served as his capital.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351 - 1388)
He was a cousin of Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq. Established of Diwan-iKhairat department for poor and needy people and Diwan Bundagan
(department of slaves). Making Iqtadari system hereditary. The Tughlaq
dynasty would not survive much after Firoz Shah's death. The Malwa,
Gujarat and Sharqi.
Khizr Khan (1414 - 1421)
Before Timur left India, appointed Khizr Khan as governor of Multan and
captured Delhi, and founded the Sayyid dynasty in 1414. He is considered
to be one of the important rulers of the Sayyid Dynasty.
Muhammad Shah (1434 - 1443)
Muhammad Shah succeeded Mubarak Shah was busy acting against his
conspirators and gradually lost control of his nobles. He was succeeded by
his son Alam Shah.
Bahlul Lodi (1451 - 1489)
He was the founder of the Lodhi dynasty and in 1476 he defeated the sultan
of Jaunpur and annexed it to Delhi Sultanate. He also annexed the Sharqui
dynasty and introduced copper coins.
Ibrahim Lodi (1517 – 1526)
Sikander Lodhi was succeeded by Ibrahim Lodhi. He had an arrogant
personality and insulted his nobles in court and the ones who revolted were
put to death. Displeased by the attitude of Ibrahim Lodi, Daulat Khan Lodhi
invited Babur to invade India and the First Battle of Panipat occurred in
1526.
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE DELHI SULTANATE
During the Delhi Sultanate period, a unique Islamic style of art and architecture developed that blended
elements from Persia and Central Asia with Indian influences. This new style can be seen in the many
mosques, madrasas, and tombs that were built during this period.
Qutub Minar
The Qutub Minar was built by
Qutb-ud-Din Aibak, the first
sultan of Delhi, in the 12th
century. It is a 73-meter-tall
minaret made of red sandstone
and marble. The minaret is
decorated with intricate carvings
and calligraphy.
The Qutub Minar is a symbol of
the power and glory of the Delhi
Sultanate. It is also a testament to
the architectural and engineering
skills of the time.
Tughlaqabad Fort
The Tughlaqabad Fort is a large
fort that was built by Ghiyath alDin Tughluq in 1321. The fort is
an important example of Delhi
Sultanate military architecture,
and it includes several defensive
features, such as walls, gates,
and towers.
The Khilji Mosque or Jamat Khana Masjid in Delhi
The Khilji Mosque also known
as the Jamaat Khana Masjid is
one of the oldest mosques in
New Delhi. It was built by Khizr
Khan son of Sultan Alauddin
Khilji. It was started in 1315 and
ended up completely by 1325.
Hauz Khas Complex
Another landmark of the Delhi
Sultanate period is the Hauz
Khas Complex. This vast
complex was built in the early
14th century by Ala-ud-Din
Khalji, and it includes a mosque,
madrasa, tomb, and reservoir.
The complex is notable for its
use of Islamic architectural styles
from different regions, such as
Persia and Central Asia.
Lodhi Garden
The Lodhi Garden is a large park
that was built by the Delhi
Sultanate ruler Sikandar Lodi in
the 15th century CE. The garden
is noted for its beautiful
architecture. In fact, the garden is
also home to the tombs of several
rulers from the Lodhi dynasty that
are architectural marvels too.
Adhai-din-ka-Jhompara (Jhonpra), Ajmer
Adhai-din-ka-Jhonpra
is
a
historical mosque in Ajmer,
Rajasthan, known for its blend of
Hindu and Islamic architecture.
The legend has it that the mosque
was built in two-and-a-half days,
though it is not wholly accurate.
The mosque boasts 70 domed
pillars and intricate carvings and
calligraphy on pillars, walls, and
ceilings, built by Qutub-ud-DinAibak, first Sultan of Delhi, in AD
1199.