Table of Contents
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Application Report
AN-31 amplifier circuit collection
ABSTRACT
This application report provides basic circuits of the Texas Instruments amplifier collection.
Table of Contents
1 Basic Circuits..........................................................................................................................................................................3
2 Signal Generation................................................................................................................................................................. 15
3 Signal Processing.................................................................................................................................................................24
4 References............................................................................................................................................................................ 41
Revision History.......................................................................................................................................................................41
List of Figures
Figure 1-1. Inverting Amplifier......................................................................................................................................................3
Figure 1-2. Non-Inverting Amplifier..............................................................................................................................................3
Figure 1-3. Difference Amplifier................................................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 1-4. Low-Power Difference Amplifier................................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 1-5. Inverting Summing Amplifier..................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 1-6. Non-Inverting Summing Amplifier..............................................................................................................................5
Figure 1-7. Inverting Amplifier With High Input Impedance......................................................................................................... 6
Figure 1-8. Two-Stage Inverting Amplifier With High Input Impedance....................................................................................... 6
Figure 1-9. AC Coupled Non-Inverting Amplifier......................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 1-10. Practical Differentiator............................................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 1-11. Integrator................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 1-12. Current to Voltage Converter (Transimpedance Amplifier)......................................................................................8
Figure 1-13. Reference Voltage Generator..................................................................................................................................9
Figure 1-14. Neutralizing Input Capacitance to Optimize Response Time.................................................................................. 9
Figure 1-15. Threshold Detector for Photodiodes......................................................................................................................10
Figure 1-16. Double-Ended Limit Detector................................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 1-17. Multiple Aperture Window Discriminator................................................................................................................11
Figure 1-18. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting Amplifiers................................................................................................ 12
Figure 1-19. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Non-Inverting Amplifiers........................................................................................ 12
Figure 1-20. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Voltage Followers.................................................................................................. 13
Figure 1-21. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Difference Amplifiers..............................................................................................13
Figure 1-22. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting Amplifiers With Source Resistance.........................................................14
Figure 2-1. Sine Wave Generator With Low Component Count................................................................................................ 15
Figure 2-2. Sine Wave Generator.............................................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 2-3. Free-Running Multivibrator......................................................................................................................................16
Figure 2-4. Function Generator................................................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 2-5. Pulse Width Modulator............................................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 2-6. Improved Howland Current Pump........................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 2-7. Wien Bridge Oscillator With Automatic Gain Control.............................................................................................. 18
Figure 2-8. Positive Output Voltage Reference......................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 2-9. Buffered Positive Voltage Reference.......................................................................................................................19
Figure 2-10. Negative Output Voltage Reference......................................................................................................................20
Figure 2-11. Buffered Negative Voltage Reference................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2-12. Current Sink.......................................................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 2-13. Current Source...................................................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 2-14. Voltage-to-Current Converter With BJT Output.....................................................................................................22
Figure 2-15. Voltage-to-Current Converter With Darlington Pair Output................................................................................... 22
Figure 2-16. Voltage-to-Current Converter With MOSFET Output............................................................................................ 23
Figure 3-1. Instrumentation Amplifier.........................................................................................................................................24
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Figure 3-2. Variable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier.................................................................................................................. 25
Figure 3-3. Instrumentation Amplifier With ±100-V Common Mode Range...............................................................................25
Figure 3-4. Instrumentation Amplifier With ±10-V Common Mode Range.................................................................................26
Figure 3-5. High Input Impedance Instrumentation Amplifier.................................................................................................... 26
Figure 3-6. Bridge Amplifier With Temperature Sensitivity........................................................................................................ 27
Figure 3-7. Precision Diode....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 3-8. Precision Clamp...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 3-9. Fast Half Wave Rectifier..........................................................................................................................................28
Figure 3-10. AC to DC Converter.............................................................................................................................................. 28
Figure 3-11. Peak Detector........................................................................................................................................................ 29
Figure 3-12. Absolute Value Amplifier........................................................................................................................................29
Figure 3-13. Sample and Hold I.................................................................................................................................................30
Figure 3-14. Sample and Hold II................................................................................................................................................30
Figure 3-15. Adjustable Q Notch Filter...................................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 3-16. Easily Tuned Notch Filter...................................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 3-17. Sallen-Key Two-Stage Bandpass Filter.................................................................................................................32
Figure 3-18. Two-Stage Capacitance Multiplier.........................................................................................................................33
Figure 3-19. Simulated Inductor................................................................................................................................................ 33
Figure 3-20. Capacitance Multiplier........................................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 3-21. High Pass Sallen-Key Active Filter........................................................................................................................34
Figure 3-22. Low Pass Sallen-Key Active Filter.........................................................................................................................35
Figure 3-23. Current Monitor..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 3-24. Saturating Servo Preamplifier With Rate Feedback..............................................................................................36
Figure 3-25. Power Booster.......................................................................................................................................................36
Figure 3-26. Fast Zero Crossing Detector................................................................................................................................. 37
Figure 3-27. Amplifier for Piezoelectric Transducer...................................................................................................................37
Figure 3-28. Temperature Probe................................................................................................................................................38
Figure 3-29. Photodiode Amplifier I........................................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 3-30. Photodiode Amplifier II.......................................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 3-31. High Input Impedance AC Follower.......................................................................................................................39
Figure 3-32. Multiplier/Divider....................................................................................................................................................40
Trademarks
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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Basic Circuits
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1 Basic Circuits
R2 10k
-2.5 V
R1 10k
+
Vout
+ +
LMx58B/LM2904B
Vin
*R 10k
2.5 V
8KQP = F
42
8
41 EJ
Û 4 1LPEKJ=H PK 2NKPA?P ./358 & ./324
&ARE?AO BNKI 6N=JOEAJP %QNNAJP 5LEGAO
Figure 1-1. Inverting Amplifier
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2] for more information. Simulate this design by
downloading TINA-TI and the schematic. To learn more about *R and how to protect LM358/LM2904 devices
from transient current spikes at the input, see [23].
R2 1k
-2.5 V
R1 1k
Vout
+
TLV9062
+
+
Vin
2.5 V
8KQP = l1 +
42
p8
41 EJ
Figure 1-2. Non-Inverting Amplifier
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2] for more information. Simulate this design by
downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Basic Circuits
R2 2k
-15 V
R1 1k
Vout
R3 1k
+
++
TLV9302
V1
+
R4 2k
15 V
V2
44
42
42
8KQP = l
p l1 + p 82 F 81
43 + 44
41
41
(KN 41 = 43 =J@ 42 = 44
8KQP =
42
:8 F 81 ;
41 2
Figure 1-3. Difference Amplifier
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2] for more information. Simulate this design by
downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
C2 10p
R2 20MEG
-1.8 V
R1 10MEG
R3 10MEG
+
+
Vout
+
TLV379
Vin1
1.8 V
+
Vin2
R4 20MEG
C1 10p
44
42
42
8KQP = l
p l1 + p 82 F 81
43 + 44
41
41
(KN 41 = 43 =J@ 42 = 44
8KQP =
42
:8 F 81 ;
41 2
B?QPKBB =
1
2è%2 42
Figure 1-4. Low-Power Difference Amplifier
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2] for more information. Simulate this design by
downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Basic Circuits
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R1 1k
R4 2k
R2 1k
-7.5 V
R3 1k
-
V1
+
+
+
Vout
+
V2
+
TLV9102
V3
*R5 250
8KQP = F44 l
7.5 V
81 82 83
+
+ p
41 42 43
Û 45 1LPEKJ=H BKN +JLQP $E=O %QNNAJP %=J?AHH=PEKJ
Figure 1-5. Inverting Summing Amplifier
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2] for more information. Simulate this design by
downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R1 10k
R2 10k
-15 V
Vout
R3 10k
+
OPA2990
15 V
+
+
R4 10k
+
V1
V2
8KQP = l1 +
8KQP = l1 +
42
44
43
p l81
+ 82
p
41
43 + 44
43 + 44
44
42
pl
p :81 + 82 ; EB 43 = 44
41 43 + 44
Figure 1-6. Non-Inverting Summing Amplifier
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers for more information. Simulate this design by downloading
TINA-TI and the schematic.
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C1 3p
R2 10MEG
-2.5 V
R1 10MEG
Vout
+
+
Vin
*R3 5MEG
8KQP = F
+
TLV379
2.5 V
42
8
41 EJ
Û 43 1LPEKJ=H BKN +JLQP $E=O %QNNAJP %=J?AHH=PEKJ
Figure 1-7. Inverting Amplifier With High Input Impedance
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
C1 5p
R2 10k
-2.5 V
-
+
+
-2.5 V
R1 5k
+
Vout
TLV9052
+
Vin 2.5 V
+
TLV9052
2.5 V
8KQP = F
42
8
41 EJ
Figure 1-8. Two-Stage Inverting Amplifier With High Input Impedance
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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R2 1MEG
-2.5 V
R1 100k
Vout
R3 91k
++
LM324LV
2.5 V
+
C1 1µ
Vin
8KQP = l1 +
42
p8
41 EJ
43 = 41 ||42 BKN %/44
B?QPKBB HKS =
1
2è × %1 × 43
Figure 1-9. AC Coupled Non-Inverting Amplifier
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers for more information. Simulate this design by downloading
TINA-TI and the schematic.
C2 1n
R2 10k
R1 1k
C1 10n
-2.5 V
-
+
Vout
+
+
TLV9062
Vin
2.5 V
*R3 910
8KQP = F
B? =
BD =
@8EJ
@P
1
8
2è42 %1 EJ
1
1
=
2è41 %1
2è42 %2
B? ' BD ' BQJEPU C=EJ
Û 43 1LPEKJ=H BKN +JLQP $E=O %QNNAJP %=J?AHH=PEKJ
Figure 1-10. Practical Differentiator
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2] for more information. Simulate this design by
downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Basic Circuits
S1 Open: Integrate
Closed: Reset
R3 100
C1 10n
-2.5 V
R1 10k
+
Vout
+
Vin
+
U1 LMV358A
2.5 V
*R2 10k
8KQP = F
P2
1
± 8EJ @P
41 %1 P 1
B? =
1
2è41 %1
41 = 42
Û 42 1LPEKJ=H BKN +JLQP $E=O %QNNAJP %=J?AHH=PEKJ
Figure 1-11. Integrator
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2] for more information. Simulate this design by
downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R1 1k
-7.5 V
Vout
+
+
I_in
TLV9102
7.5 V
8KQP = +EJ 41
Figure 1-12. Current to Voltage Converter (Transimpedance Amplifier)
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2] for more information. Simulate this design by
downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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+
Basic Circuits
Vin
-12 V
R1 10k
Vout
+
+
LMx58B/LM2904B
12 V
R2 3.83k
8KQP =
42
8
41 + 42 EJ
Figure 1-13. Reference Voltage Generator
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R1 1k
R2 10k
-2.5 V
LM324LV
-
Vout
+
+
2.5 V
C1 2n
+
R3 200
Vin
C2 100n
%1 Q
41
%
42 2
Figure 1-14. Neutralizing Input Capacitance to Optimize Response Time
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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1.8 V
D1
-1.8 V
TLV8542
-
Vout
+
+
R_Load
R1 180k
1.8 V
-1.8 V
8KQP = 1.88 => &EK@A 1BB
8KQP = F1.88 => &EK@A 1J
41 %KJPNKHO 5AJOEPEREPU PK .ECDP
Figure 1-15. Threshold Detector for Photodiodes
For more information on modeling photodiodes, see [8]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the
schematic.
1.9V
3.3 V
+
TLV8542
+
VH
-
+
3.3 V
+
Vin
TLV8542
+
VL
1.7V
+B 8EJ > 1.98, PDAJ 8* = 0 =J@ 8. = 3.38
+B 1.98 > 8EJ > 1.78, PDAJ 8* = 3.38 =J@ 8. = 3.38
+B 8EJ < 1.78, PDAJ 8* = 3.38 =J@ 8. = 0
Figure 1-16. Double-Ended Limit Detector
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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5V
+
+
+
TLV9064
V1
Vin
3.4V
+
SW1
o
-
V1 High: SW1 Closed
V1 Low: SW1 Open
5V
+
+
TLV9064
V2
3.2V
+
SW2
o
-
V2 High: SW2 Closed
V2 Low: SW2 Open
5V
+
+
TLV9064
V3
1.9V
+
SW3
o
-
V3 High: SW3 Closed
V3 Low: SW3 Open
5V
+
+
TLV9064
V4
1.7V
8EJ > 3.48 \ 81 = 1, 82 = 1, 83 = 1, 84 = 1
3.48 > 8EJ > 3.28 \ 81 = 0, 82 = 1, 83 = 1, 84 = 1
3.28 > 8EJ > 1.98 \ 81 = 0, 82 = 0, 83 = 1, 84 = 1
1.98 > 8EJ > 1.78 \ 81 = 0, 82 = 0, 83 = 0, 84 = 1
1.78 > 8EJ \ 81 = 0, 82 = 0, 83 = 0, 84 = 0
Figure 1-17. Multiple Aperture Window Discriminator
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Basic Circuits
R3 10k
-2.5 V
2.5 V
R4 10k
Vout
R1 50k
P1 50k
+
LM2904LV/LM358LV
+
+
Vin
R2 200
2.5 V
-2.5 V
1BBOAP 4=JCA = 8OQLLHU l
8KQP = lF
42
p
41
43
p8
44 EJ
41 ( 42
Figure 1-18. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting Amplifiers
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R3 10k
2.5 V
-2.5 V
R1 50k
R4 10k
P1 50k
Vout
+
LM2904LV/LM358LV
+
R2 200
+
-2.5 V
Vin
1BBOAP 4=JCA = 8OQLLHU l
8KQP = l1 +
2.5 V
42
p
41
43
p8
42 + 44 EJ
41 ( 42 =J@ 44 ( 42
Figure 1-19. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Non-Inverting Amplifiers
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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R2 1k
2.5 V
-2.5 V
R1 500k
P1 100k
Vout
++
+
LM324LV
-2.5 V
Vin
2.5 V
1BBOAP 4=JCA = 8OQLLHU l
42
p
41
8KQP N 8EJ
41 ( 42
Figure 1-20. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Voltage Followers
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R2 20k
-2.5 V
R1 10k
Vout
R3 10k
+
+
+
LM324LV
V1
+
2.5 V
R4 19.3k
2.5 V
V2
R6 100k
P1 50k
R5 700
-2.5 V
42 = 44 + 45
41 = 43
1BBOAP 4=JCA = 8OQLLHU l
8KQP = l
45
43
pl
p
45 + 46 43 + 44
42
p :82 F 81 ;
41
45 ' 1BBOAP 'MQER=HAJP 4AOEOP=J?A
Figure 1-21. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Difference Amplifiers
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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2.5 V
R3 10k
R1 1MEG
P2 100k
-2.5 V
R4 1k
-2.5 V
+
Vout
+
Vin
+
LMV358A
2.5 V
43 ||44 Q 10GÀ
1BBOAP 4=JCA = 8OQLLHU l
8KQP = lF
43 ||44
p
41
43
p8
44 EJ
Figure 1-22. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting Amplifiers With Source Resistance
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Generation
2 Signal Generation
R2 150k
-2.5 V
R1 1k
-
R3 2.71k
R4 2.71k
R5 2.71k
Vout
+
+
TLV9062
C1 10n
2.5 V
C3 10n
C2 10n
GND
42
41
(8
.AP 4 = 43 , 44 , 45 =J@ % = %1 , %2 , %3
BKO?EHH=PEKJ N
tan(60°)
2è4%
Figure 2-1. Sine Wave Generator With Low Component Count
For more information on this configuration, also known as a phase-shift oscillator, see [9] and [10]. Simulate this
design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R2 150k
-2.5 V
2.5 V
R1 16.5k
++
2.5 V
GND
R3 2.71k
++
2.5 V
TLV9064
R4 2.71k
++
TLV9064
C1 10n
-2.5 V
C2 10n
2.5 V
TLV9064
R5 2.71k
++
-2.5 V
C3 10n
TLV9064
Vout
-2.5 V
8Q
42
41
Q 10
.AP 4 = 43 , 44 , 45 =J@ % = %1 , %2 , %3
BKO?EHH=PEKJ =
tan(60°)
2è4%
Figure 2-2. Sine Wave Generator
For more information on this configuration, also known as a buffered phase-shift oscillator, see [9] and [10].
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Generation
R1 200k
-2.5 V
Vout
+
C1 10n
+
TLV9062
2.5 V
R3 160k
R2 910k
1
BKO?EHH=PEKJ =
4
241 %1 HJ @1 + 2 42 A
3
Figure 2-3. Free-Running Multivibrator
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
C1 1n
Square Wave
-2.5 V
-2.5 V
-
R3 50k
R4 50k
-
+ + TLV9062
Triangle Wave
++
TLV9062
2.5 V
2.5 V
R1 10k
R2 90k
R5 40k
#ILHEPQ@APNE=JCHA = 8??
BKO?EHH=PEKJ =
45
41 + 42
2
BKN 43 + 44 > 100GÀ
è%1 :43 + 44 ;
Figure 2-4. Function Generator
See [2] for more information. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Generation
C3 100p
R4 10k
C1 100p
R7 5.9k
Vsin
-
5V
OPA365
++
3
2.5V
++
TLV3501
2
5V
Vtri
6
5V
2.5V
Vout
2.5V
-
4
Vin
++
4
+
OPA365
8
-
7
R3 10k
R1 10k
V1
-
2
6
R2 10k
3
7
8
TLV3501
++
C2 100n
5V
R6 10k
R5 8.45k
41 = 42 = 43 = 44
8PNE > 8E
8PNE
45
=
BKN 81 = 8NAB
46
81
BKO?EHH=PEKJ =
%1 >
%2 =
46
4 × 47 × 45 × %3
1
2è × 44 × BKO?EHH=PEKJ
1
2è × BJKEOA BEHPAN × :41 ||42 ;
Figure 2-5. Pulse Width Modulator
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers for more information. Simulate this design by downloading
TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Generation
R1 200k
R3 100k
+
-15 V
Vin
+
+
OPA192
15 V
R5 1k
R2 200k
R4 100k
Iout
R_load 1k
+KQP = F
43 8EJ
41 45
43 = 44 + 45
41 = 42
Figure 2-6. Improved Howland Current Pump
For an in-depth dive into this configuration, see our [11]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the
schematic.
Vout
Vout
R1 620
R4 10k
-5 V
OPA2990
-
Vout
D1 1N4150
+
R3 4.7k
+
R5 2k
5V
T1 2N4416
C1 10n
R2 5.1k
R6 2k
BKO?EHH=PEKJ =
C2 10n
1
2è%1 45
5AP )=EJ = 3.1
)=EJ =
43 + 44
44
45 = 46
%1 = %2
Figure 2-7. Wien Bridge Oscillator With Automatic Gain Control
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Z1 1N2804
R1 1k
Vout
++
OPA202
R2 1k
15 V
R3 10k
R4 1k
7.588 Q 8KQP Q 13.938
41 ?KJPNKHO 8KQP ,I=T
42 , 44 , & 8VAJAN ?KJPNKH 8KQP ,IEJ
Figure 2-8. Positive Output Voltage Reference
See [2] for more information. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
15 V
R1 10k
R2 1k
Z1 1N2804
Vout
R3 10k
+
+
TLV9102
15 V
R4 1k
500I8 Q 8KQP Q 5.58
&A?NA=OEJC 42 & 44 EJ?NA=OAO 8KQP N=JCA
8VAJAN =@FQOPO 8KQP N=JCA
Figure 2-9. Buffered Positive Voltage Reference
See [2] for more information. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Generation
Z1 1N2804
-15 V
R1 1k
Vout
+
+
OPA202
R2 5k
R3 100k
R4 5k
F13.98 Q 8KQP Q F7.68
&A?NA=OEJC 42 =J@ 44 EJ?NA=OAO 8KQP N=JCA
8VAJAN =@FQOPO 8KQP N=JCA
Figure 2-10. Negative Output Voltage Reference
See [2] for more information. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R4 1k
-15 V
Z1 1N2804
Vout
R3 10k
+
+
TLV9102
R2 1k
R1 1k
-15 V
F5.58 Q 8KQP Q F500I8
&A?NA=OEJC 42 & 44 EJ?NA=OAO 8KQP N=JCA
8VAJAN =@FQOPO 8KQP N=JCA
Figure 2-11. Buffered Negative Voltage Reference
See [2] for more information. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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15 V
R_Load
AM1
15 V
+
+
LMx58B/LM2904B
+
-
Q1 2N3460
Vin
Q2 2N2219
R2 10k
R1 10k
+K =
8EJ
41
8EJ R 08
'JOQNA 41 ( 4.K=@
Figure 2-12. Current Sink
See [2] for more information. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R1 25
+
OPA2990
+
+
-
Q1 2N3460
-15 V
Q2 2N2219
Vin
R2 10k
Iout
R_Load
-15 V
8KQP
+KQP =
41
8EJ < 0
Figure 2-13. Current Source
See [2] for more information. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Generation
36 V
Rload
Iout
36 V
R1 120k
+
+
OPA172
Riso 100
T1 2N5686
-
+
Cf 40p
Vin
R2 5k
Rf 50k
Rs 40m
+KQP = 8EJ
4O =
42
4O :41 + 42 ;
8EJ ,I=T
+KQP ,I=T
Figure 2-14. Voltage-to-Current Converter With BJT Output
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
36 V
Rload
Iout
36 V
R1 95k
+
+
Vin
OPA170
+
T2 2N3442
Riso 100
-
T1 2N5686
R2 5k
Cf 1n
Rf 10k
Rs 50m
+KQP = 8EJ
4O =
42
4O :41 + 42 ;
8EJ ,I=T
+KQP ,I=T
Figure 2-15. Voltage-to-Current Converter With Darlington Pair Output
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Generation
5V
R_load
5V
+
TLV9062
+
T1 SI2304D
Riso 100
+
Vin
C1 1n
RF 1k
Rs 20
Iout
+KQP =
4O =
8EJ
4O
8EJ ,I=T
+KQP ,I=T
Figure 2-16. Voltage-to-Current Converter With MOSFET Output
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Processing
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3 Signal Processing
15 V
+
+
Vin-
TLV9302
R1 1k
+
R3 100k
-
-15 V
-15 V
Vout
+
+
OPA2990
15 V
-15 V
+
-
Vin+
+
R2 1k
+
TLV9302
R4 100k
15 V
8KQP =
43
:8 F 8EJ F;
41 EJ +
43 44
=
41 42
Figure 3-1. Instrumentation Amplifier
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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15 V
+
++
Vin-
TLV9302
R1 10k
R3 10k
-15 V
-15 V
Vout
+
+
OPA2990
15 V
C1 5p
R4 10k
R6 10k
-15 V
+
-
++
R2 10k
TLV9302
15 V
Vin+
R5 1MEG
-15 V
-
OPA2990
+
+
15 V
8KQP =
10F4 46 43
:8EJ + F 8EJ F;
41
43 44
=
41 42
Figure 3-2. Variable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R3 5k
R6 50k
C1 3p
C2 3p
-15 V
-15 V
+
R4 5k
+
Vout
OPA2990
+
15 V
R1 50k
+
OPA2990
15 V
*R2 5k
R7 50k
+
+
*R5 5k
Vin+
Vin-
42 = 43 = 44 = 45
41 = 46 = 1043
8KQP = l
47
p8
46 EJ
Û 42 =J@ 45 1LPEKJ=H BKN +JLQP $E=O %QNNAJP %=J?AHH=PEKJ
Figure 3-3. Instrumentation Amplifier With ±100-V Common Mode Range
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Processing
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15 V
+
+
Vin-
OPA2189
R2 10k
+
R6 100k
R1 5k
-15 V
-15 V
Vout
R3 10k
+
+
OPA2990
15 V
-15 V
R4 5k
-
+
+
R5 10k
+
OPA2189
R7 100k
15 V
Vin+
41 = 44
42 = 45
46 = 47
46
241
8KQP =
l1 +
p8
42
43 EJ
Figure 3-4. Instrumentation Amplifier With ±10-V Common Mode Range
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R1 99k
R2 1k
R3 1k
R4 99k
-5 V
-5 V
-
Vout
Vin-
+
+
TLV9102
5V
+
+
+
+
TLV9102
5V
Vin+
41 = 44 & 42 = 43
8KQP = l1 +
41
p8
42 EJ
Figure 3-5. High Input Impedance Instrumentation Amplifier
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Processing
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R1 1K
-15 V
PTC1
-
PTC
Vout
+
+
R2 1K
Vin
LMx58B/LM2904B
15 V
PTC
PTC2
+
42
41
=
426%1
426%2
8KQP = 8EJ l1 F
41
p
426%1
Figure 3-6. Bridge Amplifier With Temperature Sensitivity
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
Vout
D1 1N914
-2.5 V
R_load 1k
-
+
+
+
TLV9002
2.5 V
Vin
8KQP = 8EJ EB 8EJ > 0
Figure 3-7. Precision Diode
For more information on this configuration, see [12]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the
schematic.
R1 1k
+
Vout
Vin
-2.5 V
D1 1N914
+
+
TLV9062
2.5 V
Vref
8KQP = 8EJ EB 8EJ < 8NAB
Figure 3-8. Precision Clamp
For more information on this configuration, see [12]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the
schematic.
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Signal Processing
C1 3p
R2 20k
Vout
-2.5 V
D1 1N914
R1 20k
+
-
*R4 15k
Vin
+
+
TLV9052
D2 1N914
2.5 V
8KQP = 8EJ
Û 44 1LPEKJ=H BKN +JLQP $E=O %QNNAJP %=J?AHH=PEKJ
Figure 3-9. Fast Half Wave Rectifier
For more information on this configuration, see [12]. See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers for more
information. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
C2 1u
R6 18k
R2 20k
R3 10k
R7 22.2k
Vout
C4 10p
-15 V
-
+
Vin
-15 V
D1 1N914
R1 20k
*R4 15k
+
*R5 6.2k
+
OPA2990
15 V
+
D2 1N914
+
U2 OPA2990
15 V
8KQP = 8EJ ,=RC
0 < 8EJ < 8?? F 8&1
'JOQNA 1L #ILO 4AI=EJ EJ .EJA=N 4=JCA
Û 44 =J@ 45 1LPEKJ=H BKN +JLQP $E=O %QNNAJP %=J?AHH=PEKJ
Figure 3-10. AC to DC Converter
For more information on this configuration, see [12]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the
schematic.
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Signal Processing
R3 20k
D3 1N914
-2.5 V
R1 1MEG
-2.5 V
-
-
+
+
Vout
R2 10k
+
+
D1 1N914
TLV9062
+
TLV9062
D2 1N914
2.5 V
C2 10n
2.5 V
Vin
8KQP = 8LA=G
Figure 3-11. Peak Detector
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R1 636
D1 1N1199
R2 636
C1 100p
-2.5 V
-2.5 V
D2 1N1199
-
+
+
+
Vout
+
U1 TLV9002
+
U2 TLV9002
2.5 V
2.5 V
R3 636
Vin
8KQP = 8EJ
42 = 41
)$972
1
=
4
2è41 %1
Figure 3-12. Absolute Value Amplifier
For more information on this circuit, see [13]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Processing
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-2.5 V
-2.5 V
-
Vout
R1 10k
T1 2N6782
+
+
TLV9052
+
2.5 V
+
Vin
C1 100n
Sample
PO=ILHA ß %1
&NKKL 4=PA ß
1
%1
Figure 3-13. Sample and Hold I
For more information on this circuit, see [14]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
-2.5 V
T1 2N6782
R1 10k
+
-2.5 V
-2.5 V
Vin
Vout
+
+
T2 2N6782
TLV9052
+
2.5 V
Sample
C1 100n
PO=ILHA ß %1
&NKKL 4=PA ß
1
%1
Figure 3-14. Sample and Hold II
For more information on this circuit, see [14]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Processing
-2.5 V
R1 10MEG
Vout
R2 10MEG
+
+
+
LM2904LV/
LM358LV
2.5 V
Vin
C3 540p
C2 270p
R3 5MEG
-2.5 V
C1 270p
-
+
LM2904LV/LM358LV
+
R4 50k
2.5 V
BK =
1
2è41 %1
41 = 42 = 243
2%1 = 2%2 = %3
0.25 < 3JAPSKNG < 10
+J?NA=OEJC 2KPAJPEKIAPAN 5APPEJC +J?NA=OAO 3JAPSKNG
Figure 3-15. Adjustable Q Notch Filter
For more information on this configuration, see [15] and [16]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and
the schematic.
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Signal Processing
R3 4k
-15 V
R1 4k
Vout
R2 4k
+
+
Vin
+
LMx58B/LM2904B
15 V
C1 500p
-15 V
-
+
+
LMx58B/LM2904B
15 V
R4 10k
C2 1n
R5 10k
1
BK =
2è44 ¥%1 %2
44 = 45
41 = 43
44 =
41
2
Figure 3-16. Easily Tuned Notch Filter
For more information on this configuration, see [15] and [16]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and
the schematic.
-2.5 V
-2.5 V
R2 110k
R4 110k
C1 10n
+
Vout
+
+
C4 10n
TLV9052
2.5 V
+
TLV9052
2.5 V
R3 110k
R1 110k
+
C2 10n
C3 10n
-
Vin
BK =
1
2è¥41 42 %1 %2
Figure 3-17. Sallen-Key Two-Stage Bandpass Filter
For more information on this configuration, see [17]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the
schematic.
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Signal Processing
R1 1k
R2 10k
C2 10p
-2.5 V
-2.5 V
R3 2k
+
+
TLV9062
+
2.5 V
+
TLV9062
2.5 V
C1 100n
Cout
%KQP = l1 +
42
p%
41 1
Figure 3-18. Two-Stage Capacitance Multiplier
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R2 100
-2.5 V
C1 10u
Lout
+
+
TLV9062
2.5 V
R1 100k
.KQP = 41 42 %1
<KQP = 42 + Fñ41 42 %1
Figure 3-19. Simulated Inductor
For more information on this configuration, see [19]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the
schematic.
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Signal Processing
R2 100
-2.5 V
TLV9062
+
+
2.5 V
R3 10
R1 100
Cout
C1 1n
%KQP N
41
%
43 1
%1 R 100 × %EJ =ILHEBEAN
4OKQN?A ( 43
Figure 3-20. Capacitance Multiplier
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
R1 110k
-2.5 V
C1 20n
Vout
C2 10n
+
+
TLV9052
+
2.5 V
Vin
R2 110k
42 = I41
%2 = J%1
1
B? =
2è4% ¾IJ
3=
¾IJ
I+1
%DKKOA I =J@ J BKN @AOENA@ B? =J@ 3
Figure 3-21. High Pass Sallen-Key Active Filter
For more information on this configuration, see [17]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the
schematic.
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C1 940p
-2.5 V
R1 24k
Vout
R2 24k
+
+
TLV9052
+
2.5 V
Vin
C2 470p
41 = I42
%1 = J%2
1
B? =
2è4% ¾IJ
3=
¾IJ
I+1
%DKKOA I =J@ J BKN @AOENA@ B? =J@ 3
Figure 3-22. Low Pass Sallen-Key Active Filter
+
For more information on this configuration, see [17] and [18]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and
the schematic.
R2 100
R1 10
Vin
+
+
OPA2990
I_Load
R_Load
Q1 IRF9510
Vout
R3 1k
8KQP =
41 43
+
42 .
Figure 3-23. Current Monitor
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Processing
Z1 1N2804
Z2 1N2804
R1 270
R3 100k
C1 50u
R2 1.6k
-15 V
Vout
+
+
TLV9302
15 V
D2
D1
8KQP =
0.18
BNKI &1, &2
µ#
.EJA=N 4=JCA PDNKQCD 60µ#
Figure 3-24. Saturating Servo Preamplifier With Rate Feedback
For more information on modeling photodiodes, see [8]. More information on this configuration can be found in
[20]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
15 V
R1 470
T1 2N2905
OPA2990
+
Vout
+
+
Vin
Iout
T2 2N2219
R_Load
R2 470
-15 V
8KQP = 8EJ
31 =J@ 32 +J?NA=OA +KQP
Figure 3-25. Power Booster
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Signal Processing
-2.5 V
R1 1k
Vin
-
Vout
+
+
TLV9062
2.5 V
D1 1N914
R2 1k
Z1 1N2804
D2 1N914
R3 5.1k
-2.5V
6EIA PK &APA?P (=HHEJC, <ANK %NKOOEJC 4A@Q?A@ >U ~65%
8ANOQO 7OEJC #ILHEBEAN =O %KIL=N=PKN
Figure 3-26. Fast Zero Crossing Detector
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
RF 5MEG
CF 10n
Piezoelectric Transducer
Qin
-2.5 V
Rin 50
Vout
I_in
Cp 1n
+
+
TLV9052
2.5 V
)=EJ =
8KQP
1
=
%(
3EJ
B.2( =
1
2è4( %(
B*2( =
1
2è4EJ %EJ
Figure 3-27. Amplifier for Piezoelectric Transducer
For more information on this configuration, see [21] and [22]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and
the schematic.
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R4 931 ^R6 41.2k
2N2484
-15 V
R1 1k
Vout
*R3 250k
+
+
LMx58B/LM2904B
15 V
R2 12k
R5 24.3K
-15V
8KQP = 103.9I8/°%
383I8
Û 8=HQA %=J $A %D=JCA@ BKN 08 =P 0°%
^8=HQA %=J $A %D=JCA@ BKN 100I8/°%
Figure 3-28. Temperature Probe
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
Cf 1.6p
Rf 1MEG
-2.5 V
Vout
D1
+
+
TLV9062
2.5V
V-
8KQP = 4B +&
Figure 3-29. Photodiode Amplifier I
For more information on modeling photodiodes, see [8]. See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2]
for more information on this circuit. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Cf 1.6p
Rf 5MEG
-2.5 V
Vout
+
D1
+
TLV9062
2.5 V
R1 5MEG
8KQP = 58/ä# ×
4B
41
Figure 3-30. Photodiode Amplifier II
For more information on modeling photodiodes, see [8]. See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers for
more information on this circuit. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
-2.5 V
Vout
C1 10n
+
+
+
2.5 V
LM2904LV/
LM358LV
R1 10k
Vin
C2 10n
R2 100k
8KQP =
:41 + 42 ;%1 O + %1 %2 41 42 O 2
8
1 + :41 + 42 ;%1 O + %1 %2 41 42 O 2 EJ
Figure 3-31. High Input Impedance AC Follower
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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-15 V
R5 1k
R6 1k
P1 10
R4 1k
Z1 1N2804
Q1 2N1893
-15 V
-15 V
-
-
R1 1k
E1
Eout
+
+
+
OPA2990
15 V
+
OPA2990
15 V
Q4 2N1893
Q2 2N1893
Q3 2N1893
-15 V
-15 V
R3 1k
R2 1k
E2
+
+
OPA2990
OPA2990
15 V
+
E3
+
15 V
'KQP =
'1 '2
'3
41 = 42 = 43 = 44
Figure 3-32. Multiplier/Divider
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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References
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4 References
1. To learn more about the design of many of these and other amplifier configurations, consult our Analog
engineer's circuit cookbook on amplifiers.
2. Alternatively, more information on several of these circuits can be found in our app note entitled, AN-20 an
applications guide for op amps.
3. To learn more about the characteristics of amplifiers, common techniques used in amplifier circuit design, and
a variety of other amplifier topics, consult our Texas Instruments Precision Labs video series on amplifiers.
4. For specific questions regarding your design, reach out to our engineers via e2e, our online forum.
5. For a handy reference guide for your analog designs, check out the Analog Engineer's Pocket Reference
Guide available for free in pdf form.
6. Use our Analog Engineer's Calculator to help crunch design equations.
7. Check out our Amplifier's Product Page to quickly sort through our products and find the amplifier(s) that best
fit your needs.
8. For more information on modeling photodiodes including the model used in this design, see the 1 MHz,
single-supply, photodiode amplifier reference design.
9. For more information on sine-wave oscillators, check out TI's app note on the Sine-wave oscillator.
10.Alternatively, see our note on the Design of op amp sine wave generators.
11. For more on the Howland Current Pump, see AN-1515 a comprehensive study of the Howland current pump.
12.For more information on the Precision Diode, Precision Clamp, Half Wave Rectifier, and AC to DC Converter
circuits, see our LB-8 precision AC/DC converters application note.
13.More information on the Absolute Value Amplifier can be found in our app note on Precision absolute value
circuits.
14.To learn more about Sample-and-Hold configurations, see our application note on the Specifications and
architectures of sample-and-hold amplifiers.
15.For more information on Q Notch Filters, see our LB-5 high Q Notch filter on the subject.
16.Further analysis of notch filters can be found in our app note on High-speed notch filters.
17.For more information on Sallen-Key filter design, see our Analysis of the Sallen-Key architecture application
note on the subject.
18.For more information on Low Pass Sallen-Key filter design, see our Active low-pass filter design application
note.
19.More information on simulated inductors can be found in our application note entitled, An audio circuit
collection, part 3.
20.More information on a variety of circuits can be found in our AN-4 monolithic op amp—the universal linear
component application note.
21.To learn more about the theory behind, design of, and simulation of piezoeletric transducers and their
amplifiers, see this Signal conditioning piezoelectric sensors application note.
22.Additional information on piezoelectric transducers can be found in our analog applications journal entry,
Signal conditioning for piezoelectric sensors, on the subject.
23.For more information on the LM324/LM358 device family and how to properly connect unused inputs, see
Application design guidelines for LM324/LM358 devices.
Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision C (March 2019) to Revision D (October 2020)
Page
• Changed TINA-TI hyperlinks throughout document........................................................................................... 3
• Changed Figure 2-3 Free-Running Multivibrator equation............................................................................... 15
SNLA140D – MARCH 2019 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020
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