2. Molecular Biology (Core) – 2.2 Water
Name:
Understandings, Applications and Skills (This is what you maybe assessed on)
Statement
Guidance
2.2.U1
Water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds form
between them.
2.2.U2
Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain the cohesive,
adhesive, thermal and solvent properties of water.
2.2.U3
Substances can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
2.2.A1
Comparison of the thermal properties of water with those
of methane.
2.2.A2
Use of water as a coolant in sweat.
2.2.A3
Modes of transport of glucose, amino acids, cholesterol,
fats, oxygen and sodium chloride in blood in relation to
their solubility in water.
Students should know at least one example
of a benefit to living organisms of each
property of water. Transparency of water
and maximum density at 4°C do not need to
be included.
Comparison of the thermal properties of
water and methane assists in the
understanding of the significance of
hydrogen bonding in water.
Recommended resources:
http://bioknowledgy.weebly.com/22-water.html
Allott, Andrew. Biology: Course Companion. S.l.: Oxford UP, 2014. Print.
http://bioknowledgy.weebly.com/
(Chris Paine)
2. Molecular Biology (Core) – 2.2 Water
Name:
2.2.U1 Water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds form between them.
1. Draw a minimum of three molecules to show the hydrogen bonding between them. The diagram should
be labelled and annotated to indicate:








Large oxygen atom
Small hydrogen atom
Covalent bond
Due to the greater +ve charge of the oxygen nuclei the shared electrons reside closer to the oxygen
nuclei. This leads to the imbalance of charges in the molecule as a whole.
δ+ (indicate the region of each molecule which possesses a slightly positive charge )
δ- (indicate the region of each molecule which possesses a slightly negative charge)
The imbalance of charges in a water molecule results in water being a polar molecule
Weak hydrogen bond between δ+ and δ- parts of neighbouring water molecules.
2. Explain why the water molecule is polar. Refer to electrons and covalent bonding in your answer.
http://bioknowledgy.weebly.com/
(Chris Paine)
2. Molecular Biology (Core) – 2.2 Water
Name:
2.2.U2 Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal and solvent properties of
water.
3. Summarise the key points on each property of water and how it relates to the structure of the water
molecule. Also give examples of the importance it has to organisms. Each example should use one or
more of the following phrases/terms: coolant, medium for metabolic reactions and transport medium.
Outline the property
Explain how the property Give examples of how
is due to either hydrogen organisms exploit this
bonding or dipolarity
property
Cohesive
Adhesive
Thermal
Solvent
http://bioknowledgy.weebly.com/
(Chris Paine)
2. Molecular Biology (Core) – 2.2 Water
Name:
2.2.U3 Substances can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
4. Define the terms:
a. Hydrophilic
b.
Hydrophobic
5. Complete the table to give examples of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules.
Polar, non-polar, charged?
Examples
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
2.2.A3 Modes of transport of glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen and sodium chloride in blood in
relation to their solubility in water.
6. Complete the table to describe the transport of key substances in the blood.
Describe the solubility in water
Relate how it is carried in the blood to the
solubility
glucose
amino
acids
cholesterol
fats
oxygen
sodium
chloride
http://bioknowledgy.weebly.com/
(Chris Paine)
2. Molecular Biology (Core) – 2.2 Water
Name:
2.2.A2 Use of water as a coolant in sweat.
7. Outline the consequences, to cells, of not cooling the human body.
8. What property of water means it is useful as a coolant?
9. Explain how the body exploits this property of water to cool the body using sweat.
2.2.A1 Comparison of the thermal properties of water with those of methane.
10. Complete the table to compare the thermal properties of water with methane.
Methane
Water
H2O
Formula
Molecular mass
16
Bonding
Single covalent
Polarity
polar
-3
0.46
Density (g cm )
-1 o -1
Specific Heat Capacity (J g
c)
2.2
-1
Latent heat of vapourisation (J g )
o
0
Melting point ( C)
o
100
Boiling point ( C)
http://bioknowledgy.weebly.com/
(Chris Paine)
2. Molecular Biology (Core) – 2.2 Water
Name:
11. Referring to the table above outline how the polarity of water has affected the thermal properties of water
and it’s ability to remain a liquid at most temperatures found on the surface of the planet.
Key Terms
Element
trace element
matter
proton
neutron
electron
metabolic reaction
coolant
vaporization
covalent
polar
ionic
ion
cation
carbohydrate
lipid
polarity
thermal
anion
hydrogen bond
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(Chris Paine)
organic
monomer
polymer
carbon
hydrogen
sodium
iron
condensation
hydrolysis
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
adhesion
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorous
density
capillary action
solvent
surface tension
nucleic acid
protein
sulfur
calcium
Citations:
Allott, Andrew. Biology: Course Companion. S.l.: Oxford UP, 2014. Print.
http://bioknowledgy.weebly.com/
(Chris Paine)