CIE Biology IGCSE
1 - Characteristics and Classification of
Living Organisms
Flashcards
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What 8 characteristics do all living
organisms share?
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What 8 characteristics do all living organisms share?
-
they move
they respire
they respond to their surroundings
they control their internal conditions
they grow and develop
they reproduce
they excrete their waste
they require nutrition
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Define movement
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Define movement
When an organism changes its position
or place
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Define respiration
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Define respiration
The biochemical reactions in cells that
break down molecules to release energy
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Define sensitivity
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Define sensitivity
The detection of a stimulus and the
ability to respond to that stimulus
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Define growth
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Define growth
A permanent increase in the size of an
organism by either the increase in the
number of cells or the size of the cells
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Define reproduction
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Define reproduction
The creation of offspring of the same
species as the parent(s)
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Define excretion
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Define excretion
The removal of waste products from
metabolic processes or substances in
excess
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Define nutrition
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Define nutrition
The intake of substances required for
growth and to provide energy
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Why are viruses not living?
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Why are viruses not living?
They do not have all of the 8
characteristics of living organisms (for
example they cannot respire)
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Define species
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Define species
A group of organisms that can breed to
produce fertile offspring
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What is phylogenetics?
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What is phylogenetics?
The study of evolutionary relationships
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Give 2 ways that organisms can be
classified
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Give 2 ways that organisms can be classified
- Physical features
- Phylogenetic relationships
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How are modern classification
techniques more accurate?
(Higher/Supplement)
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How are modern classification techniques more
accurate? (Higher/Supplement)
Biochemical and genetic analysis gives a
more precise and detailed understanding
about the relationships of organisms
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How can organisms that share recent
common ancestors be identified?
(Higher/Supplement)
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How can organisms that share recent common
ancestors be identified? (Higher/Supplement)
- Analyse the organism’s DNA
- Organisms with more similar DNA
sequences often share more common
ancestors
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What are the 5 kingdoms?
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What are the 5 kingdoms?
Prokaryotae, protoctista, fungi, plantae,
animalia
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Describe the binomial naming system
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Describe the binomial naming system
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Give 3 advantages of the binomial
naming system
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Give 3 advantages of the binomial naming system
- It is universal
- It provides information about closely
linked organisms and hence their traits
- It allows for precise naming
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State the features that all cells share
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State the features that all cells share
Cytoplasm, cell membrane and DNA
(Higher/Supplement)
Ribosomes and enzymes for respiration
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Name 5 parts of an animal cell
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Name 5 parts of an animal cell
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
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Name 8 parts of a plant cell
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Name 8 parts of a plant cell
Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell
membrane, cytoplasm, permanent vacuole,
chloroplasts, cell wall
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What are the two broad groups of
animals?
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What are the two broad groups of animals?
Vertebrates and invertebrates
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What is the difference between
vertebrates and invertebrates?
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What is the difference between vertebrates and
invertebrates?
Vertebrates have a backbone whereas
invertebrates do not
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What are the 5 main groups of
vertebrates?
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What are the 5 main groups of vertebrates?
Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians,
fish
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What is an arthropod?
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What is an arthropod?
An invertebrate with an exoskeleton (e.g.
insects or crustaceans)
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What are the 4 main groups of
arthropods?
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What are the 4 main groups of arthropods?
myriapods, insects, arachnids,
crustaceans
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What are the two broad groups of
plants? (Higher/Supplement)
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What are the two broad groups of plants?
(Higher/Supplement)
Flowering and non-flowering
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What are the two main groups of
flowering plants? (Higher/Supplement)
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What are the two main groups of flowering plants?
(Higher/Supplement)
Monocotyledons and dicotyledons
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What is the difference between
monocotyledons and dicotyledons
(Higher/Supplement)
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What is the difference between monocotyledons and
dicotyledons (Higher/Supplement)
Monocotyledons only contain one
embryonic flower (cotyledon) whereas
dicotyledons contain two
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What are dichotomous keys?
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What are dichotomous keys?
They are resources that are used to
identify organisms by asking a series of
contrasting questions
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